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3,212,635,540,506 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Current technology allows us to capture data about the usage of
transportation networks whose analysis could have an important
impact on improving the quality of services. Data about the
origin and destination of passengers of train services can be
directly captured when selling tickets. Using m... |
3,212,635,540,507 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The interaction between light and metallic nanoparticles can become very strong
due to the excitation of surface plasmons. These hybrid modes of the
electromagnetic field and the electron gas are confined to the surface of the
particle and give rise to an enhancement of the incident field by seve... |
3,212,635,540,508 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The evolution of today's fibre optical communication systems strongly depends on the noise performances of the optical amplifiers and on the fibre nonlinearities. Conventional phase-insensitive amplifiers (PIAs), whose gain is independent of the signal phase, exhibit a minimum quantum-limited noi... |
3,212,635,540,509 | arxiv | \chapter{Notations \& Acronyms}
\label{app:notation}
\section{Discussion of Notation Used}
\subsection{Introduction}
During the writing of this thesis, a great effort was spent in finding a
self-consistent notation spanning the full breadth of transiting planets and
moons. Within the field of transiting exoplanets... |
3,212,635,540,510 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Due to the widespread use of the Internet and new digital technologies
in nowadays life, security in computer applications and networks never
was such a hot topic. Digital rights managements, e-voting security,
anonymity protection, and denial of services are examples of new
security co... |
3,212,635,540,511 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
General Relativity (GR) is a very successful theory. Since its inception, it has not only led to the prediction of new physical phenomena,
but has also successfully passed all experimental tests to this day~\cite{Will2014a,Will2014b}. But the question of whether GR is the correct theory
for de... |
3,212,635,540,512 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, the exploration of the coupling between electromagnetic and
mechanical degrees of freedom has witnessed unprecedented interest both from the
applied and fundamental point of view (for a recent review see \cite{Aspelmeyer:2014ce}).
The physics of the optomechanical couplings... |
3,212,635,540,513 | arxiv | \subsection*{\huge Supplemental Material}
\endgroup
\tableofcontents
\section{Derivation of the single-deme Langevin equation}
Here we show that
the microscopic Wright-Fisher and Moran models are accurately described, for
large populations and small selection and migration rates, by the Langevin equation which i... |
3,212,635,540,514 | arxiv | \subsubsection*{}
\section*{INTRODUCTION}
The multifarious roles RNA molecules play in controlling a myriad
of cellular functions \cite{Cech2014} have made it important to understand
in quantitative terms their folding \cite{Tinoco1999JMB,Woodson2005,Thirumalai2005,Chen2008,Woodson2011}
and how they respond to exter... |
3,212,635,540,515 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the present paper we deal with the following Kirchhoff type problem involving a critical term
$$\left\{
\begin{array}{ll}
- M\left(\displaystyle\int_{\Omega}|\nabla u|^p {\,{\rm d}}x \right)\Delta_p u=
|u|^{p^*-2}u, & \hbox{ in } \Omega \\ \\
u=0, & \hbox{on } \partial \Omega
\end{array... |
3,212,635,540,516 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Our aim in this note is to present two proofs of the following
well-known theorem.
\begin{thm}
\label{thm:main}
Every closed, orientable $3$-manifold is parallelisable.
\end{thm}
In a recent paper~\cite{beli18}, Benedetti and Lisca give three
new ``bare hands'' proofs of this result. They also ... |
3,212,635,540,517 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A family of immersed $n$-dimensional submanifolds $M_t^n \subset \mathbb{R}^N$ evolves along the mean curvature flow if its coordinates satisfy the equation
\[
\partial_t x = -\vec{H},
\]
where $\vec{H}$ is the mean curvature vector, given by minus the trace of the second fundamental form. This e... |
3,212,635,540,518 | arxiv | \chapter{Riccati equation}
\section{Introduction}
\label{Mint.int}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
Consider the special Riccati equation
\begin{equation}
\label{Ricc.special}
y' = a y^2 + b x^\alpha, \quad a, b, \alpha = {\rm const.}
\end{equation}
If $\alpha = 0,$ Eq. (\ref{Ricc.special}) is integrable b... |
3,212,635,540,519 | arxiv |
\section{\bf Introduction}
In this paper, we consider the relation between the
simplest types of arithmetic theta series, those associated to the cycles on the moduli space $\Cal C$
of elliptic curves with CM by the ring of integers $O_{\smallkay}$ in an imaginary quadratic field ${\text{\cute k}}$,
on the one hand,
... |
3,212,635,540,520 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The light from distant galaxies brings evidence of the conditions and
physical processes at play in the early Universe. By studying the
changes in galaxy properties over cosmic time we obtain a deeper
understanding of how our Universe evolved. At 1 billion years after
the Big Bang, galaxies were... |
3,212,635,540,521 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Brain tumor is one of the most fatal cancers in the world. Accurate brain tumor segmentation is of critical importance to improve diagnosis, perform surgery and make treatment planning. MRI is the first choice for brain tumor diagnosis and treatment planning, because it has the superior image con... |
3,212,635,540,522 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec01}
The ${\Upsilon}(1S)$ particle is the ground vector
bottomonia (bound states of $b\bar{b}$) with well
established quantum number of $I^{G}J^{PC}$ $=$
$0^{-}1^{--}$ \cite{pdg}.
The mass of the ${\Upsilon}(1S)$ particle,
$m_{{\Upsilon}(1S)}$ $=$ $9460.30{\pm}0.26$ MeV \ci... |
3,212,635,540,523 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
The binary system $\upsilon$\,Sgr (=HD\,181615) with an orbital period of 137.9343\,d was frequently classified in
the past as a Be star due to the presence of a strong variable emission in the H$\alpha$ line
\citep[e.g.][]{Dudley1993,Koubsky2006}.
\citet{Koubsky2006} sug... |
3,212,635,540,524 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and formulation of the problem}
Over the course of the past year the behavior of graphene in the presence of a
strong external Coulomb field was analyzed in considerable detail.
\cite{vitor1,levitov,sachdev,ivan,fogler,vitor2} This problem is important,
notably, for our understanding of electroni... |
3,212,635,540,525 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Wireless data communication involves multiple technologies interacting with each other.
In order to study communication algorithms for wireless networks, one needs models that abstract from incidental details and capture the essential aspects of wireless networking.
A node of a wireless networ... |
3,212,635,540,526 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:int}
Over the past few years, there has been remarkable research interest in analysis of interconnected uncertain systems, see for example \cite{IEEEhowto:Langbort}, \cite{IEEEhowto:Andrea}, \cite{IEEEhowto:Dullerud}, \cite{IEEEhowto:Langbort1}, \cite{IEEEhowto:Langbort2}, \cite{IEEEho... |
3,212,635,540,527 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Training binary classifiers on positive and unlabeled data is referred to as PU learning \citep{Liu:2003:BTC:951949.952139}. The absence of known negative training instances warrants appropriate learning methods. Inaccurate label information can be more problematic than attribute noise \citep{zh... |
3,212,635,540,528 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well-known that many networks exhibit a community structure. Think about groups of friends, web pages discussing related topics, or people speaking the same language (for instance, the Belgium population could be roughly divided into people speaking either Flemish or French). Finding those ... |
3,212,635,540,529 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are evolved neutron stars (NSs) that have been spun up to short spin periods after a $\sim$Gyr-long phase of mass transfer in a low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) phase~\citep{Alpar82}.
Globular clusters (GCs) are prolific environments for the formation of MSPs: their ultra-d... |
3,212,635,540,530 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}
Autoionization is a process by which an atom in an excited state spontaneously ejects one of its electrons due to its interaction with a continuum \cite{ref1}. A common example of an autoionizing state (AIS) - also referred to as AI resonance - is a discrete state involving the... |
3,212,635,540,531 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent studies have revealed a novel class of {\it embedded solitons} (ESs)
in various nonlinear-wave systems. An ES is a solitary wave which exists
despite having its internal frequency in resonance with linear (radiation)
waves. ESs may exist as {\it codimension-one} solutions, i.e., at discre... |
3,212,635,540,532 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main results}
The aim of this note is to revisit the RHP approach (introduced by Deift and Zhou \cite{DZ} extending ideas of Manakov \cite{ma} and Its \cite{its1})
for the study of the long-time asymptotics for solutions of the Korteweg--de Vries (KdV) equation
\begin{equation}\label{kdv}
q_... |
3,212,635,540,533 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the recent years there has been a spike of interest on hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite materials\cite{Editorial:2014aa,McGehee:2014aa} due to an impressive series of light to electricity efficiency conversion improvements \cite{Kojima:2009aa,Im:2011aa,Chung:2012aa,Kim:2012aa,Lee:2012aa}. ... |
3,212,635,540,534 | arxiv | \section{Algorithms and Experiment Implementation Details}
\label{sec:appendix-details}
In this section, we present the omitted algorithm descriptions and experiment implementation details.
\subsection{Generic Normalizer}
\label{subsec:normalformalgo}
We propose a generic decidable algorithm of finding the normal for... |
3,212,635,540,535 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $G$ be a complex semisimple Lie group and $B\subset G$ a minimal parabolic subgroup. Let $\mu$ be a weight for $G$ and $\KMbundle_\mu$ the corresponding induced holomorphic line bundle on the holomorphic \(G\)-manifold $G/B$. The {\em Borel-Bott-Weil} Theorem computes the Dolbeault cohomol... |
3,212,635,540,536 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The primary \textit{Kepler} mission photometrically observed approximately 200,000 stars for 4 years in the search for transiting exoplanets. As of the Q1-Q17 DR24 dataset release \citep{DR24}, there are 3,324 \textit{Kepler} Objects of Interest (KOI) stars in the \textit{Kepler} input catalog... |
3,212,635,540,537 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
Discovering the mathematical expressions between variables from collected data is a common concern in the history of various scientific areas. Symbolic Regression (SR) searches for a suitable structure and corresponding parameters to construct an explicit mathematical model... |
3,212,635,540,538 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For $a,b,$ $p,q\in
\mathbb{Z}
,$ Horadam [12] considered the sequence $W_{n}\left( {a,b\ ;\ p,q}\right) ,$
shortly $W_{n},$ which was defined by the recursive equatio
\begin{equation}
W_{n}\left( {a,b\ ;\ p,q}\right) =pW_{n-1}+qW_{n-2}~\ \ \ \ \ (n\geq 2),
\label{1}
\end{equation
where ... |
3,212,635,540,539 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
If $X$ is a finite set of positive integers, then a \emph{decreasing plane tree on $X$} is a rooted plane tree with vertex set $X$ in which each nonroot vertex is smaller than its parent. Decreasing plane trees play a significant role in computer science. In that field, one is often interested in... |
3,212,635,540,540 | arxiv |
\section{}
\section*{Acknowledgements}
This work was generously supported by the Rosetrees Trust (grant M577), British Heart Foundation research grants (PG/15/59/31621, PG/16/17/32069 and RG/16/3/32175) and the British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence (grant RE/13/4/30184).
\bibliographystyle{elsarti... |
3,212,635,540,541 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Computable reducibility is a long-standing notion that has proven to be fruitful
for ranking the complexity
of equivalence relations over the set $\omega$ of natural numbers. The following definition is the relativised version of the one commonly considered in the literature.
\begin{definition... |
3,212,635,540,542 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Primary decompositions of ideals in commutative algebra correspond to decompositions of closed subschemes into irreducible subspaces in algebraic geometry. Let $R$ be a Noetherian ring and $I\subseteq R$ an ideal. By the main result of \cite{Swanson} there exists an integer $C$ so that for every... |
3,212,635,540,543 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Bass-Serre Theory is one of the corner-stones of modern group theory. It has definitely contributed to the flourishing of geometric group theory, lead to many applications and it has also proven to be useful to find shorter and more elegant proofs of known results. From the point of view of ... |
3,212,635,540,544 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sect:introduction}
In recent years, various lattice studies have been performed for SU($N_c$)
gauge theories in the 't Hooft limit (see
e.g. Refs.~\cite{Teper:2009uf,Narayanan:2009xh} for a review).
As a result, on the one hand the old idea that the bulk of the physics is
shared between SU... |
3,212,635,540,545 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{Intro}
Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are known to emit radiation over the whole range of available energies observable using current detectors. Characterising their spectral energy distribution (SED) is therefore important for understanding the different physical processes at work. The ... |
3,212,635,540,546 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Many control applications require both discrete and continuous, i.e.\
hybrid controls. For example, consider a car with continuous
acceleration and direction control but discrete gears
\cite{kirches09}. Switching gears changes the dynamics of the
car. Another example is pushing a box
\cite{dogar... |
3,212,635,540,547 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Complex physical systems provide a number of challenges that cannot be
addressed with the traditional approaches of equilibrium statistical
physics. One phenomenon that reveals a striking departure from traditional
statistical mechanics is Blinking Quantum Dots (BQD) \cite{bqd}. BQD systems
jump... |
3,212,635,540,548 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
All graphs $G$ considered in this note are finite and simple with
vertex set $V(G)$ and edge set $E(G)$. The number of vertices of
$G$ is called the {\em order} of $G$. A {\em matching} $M$ of $G$
is a subset of $E(G)$ such that no two edges in $M$ share a common
endpoint. A matching $M... |
3,212,635,540,549 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Reliable discrimination between tumour and surrounding tissues remains a challenging task in surgery and in particular in neuro-oncology surgery.
Despite intensive research and progress in advanced computer-assisted visualisation techniques, most intraoperative surgical evaluations are still heav... |
3,212,635,540,550 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{intro}
Dengue is a vector-borne disease that is transferred by the female mosquito {\it Aedes Aegypti}, who by simply taking blood from a sick person is capable of passing the virus throughout their live including their descendants \citep{Ha08}. These mosquitoes live worldwide between ... |
3,212,635,540,551 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We derive combinatorial formulas that express the Schur
$S$-functions indexed by Young diagrams of rectangular shape, the rectangular
$S$-functions for short, as linear combinations of
``mixed"
products of
$S$- and $Q$-functions.
The rectangular $S$-functions
are studied in \cite{iy,my}
... |
3,212,635,540,552 | arxiv |
\section{A Performance Bound for Degree Sensitive Algorithms}
\label{sect:adaprio_upper_bound}
In this section we prove \cref{thm:degsens}.
We describe the \emph{adaptive priority game} between algorithm~$ A $ and an adversary~$ B $, who processes the priority orders submitted by~$ A $ in order to construct a hard inp... |
3,212,635,540,553 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The problem of learning a function from a concept class should be connected or easy to relate to the problem of deciding whether the function is in the function class or not. Imagine that one searches an element in an ordered set: the time it takes to find the element in the worst case scales w... |
3,212,635,540,554 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Records are ubiquitous in nature: in sports, climate science, finance, disordered systems, earthquake models, etc \cite{Cha1952,hoyt,basset,SZ1999,benestad,RP2006,WK2010,AB2010,WHK2013,records_finance,WBK2011,SL2014,records_hydrology,Gembris,sports,FWK2012,GL2008,sibani} -- for a ... |
3,212,635,540,555 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{C}{loud} computing is witnessing a striking increase in the number of enterprises and manufacturers that are relying on this paradigm to store and process their data. For example, the study reported in \citep{DMRAMAZON2018} revealed that one milli... |
3,212,635,540,556 | arxiv | \section{I. INTRODUCTION}
Laser amplification in a plasma is emerging as a real alternative to solid state optics when it comes to manipulating light at very high intensities, due to the possibility to overcome the limits imposed by the damage threshold of materials along with the promising perspectives of compactness ... |
3,212,635,540,557 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
All graphs considered here are loopless and finite. A graph $G$ is a pair $(V(G),E(G))$ consisting of a set $V(G)\neq\emptyset$ and a set $E(G)$ of
two-element subsets of $V(G)$, where $V(G)$ and $E(G)$ are called the vertex set and edge set of $G$ respectively. If $G$ is a multigraph, the ed... |
3,212,635,540,558 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Planet formation and evolutionary history is imprinted on the nature and distribution of circumstellar debris. Circumstellar debris disks are composed of dust and planetesimals that are in orbit around main sequence stars, analogous to the asteroid belt and Kuiper belt in our solar system. The m... |
3,212,635,540,559 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{chgeneralcontract}
In financial markets, almost all traded derivatives effectively involve only two parties, the issuer and the holder. Furthermore, in most cases, the only meaningful decision lies with the holder in the form of exercising the contract. Some exceptions to this include th... |
3,212,635,540,560 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Collective motion of animal groups such as flocks of birds is an awe-inspiring natural phenomenon that has profound implications for the field of aerial swarm robotics \cite{floreano_science_2015,zufferey_aerial_2011}.
Animal groups in nature operate in a completely self-... |
3,212,635,540,561 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since Federated Learning (FL)\cite{mcmahan2017communication} was first proposed in 2017, it has evolved into a new-generation collaborative machine learning framework with applications in a range of scenarios, including Google's Gboard on Android \cite{mcmahan2017communication}, Apple's siri \ci... |
3,212,635,540,562 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
The Kleene star operator~\cite{hopcroft2013introduction}, sometimes called the repeated pattern~\cite{wolframRepeated}, is an important pattern construct for representing a pattern that repeats multiple times.
It allows us to represent patterns such as \texttt{[a,a,...]} (repetitio... |
3,212,635,540,563 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Most stars are thought to form in clusters within giant molecular
clouds (GMCs). GMCs have typical hydrogen number densities of $n_{\rm
H}=100\:{\rm cm^{-3}}$, diameters of $\sim$tens of parsecs, masses
of up to $10^{6}\:M_{\odot}$, and average temperatures of $\sim
10-30\:{... |
3,212,635,540,564 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) is a Markov chain of hopping particles. It describes the asymmetric diffusion of hard-core particles along a one-dimensional chain with $n$ sites, and is one of the best studied models in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics \cite{ASEP1,ASEP2,Derri... |
3,212,635,540,565 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Merging of spiral galaxies is a promising mechanism for producing elliptical galaxies. Although it was perhaps not until \citet{Too77} that interacting spirals became widely accepted as elliptical progenitors, simulations of interacting spirals date back at least to \cite... |
3,212,635,540,566 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Let~$X$ denote a smooth and proper algebraic variety over
a number field~$k$.
It is customary to embed the set~$X(k)$ of rational points of~$X$
diagonally into the space of adelic points~$X({\mathbf A}_k)=\prod_{v \in \Omega}X(k_v)$.
In his foundational paper~\cite{maninicm}, ... |
3,212,635,540,567 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction}
In recent years, collisional and radiative processes involving multiply charged tungsten ions have received much attention by the atomic physics community (see, e.g., \cite{Mueller2015,Loch2005,Kramida2009,Biedermann2009a,Abdallah2011,Ballance2013,Ballance2015,Demura2015... |
3,212,635,540,568 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Precision tests of QED in atoms were first carried out for hydrogen, and have been extended
to other one-electron systems such as positronium and muonium, as well as helium \cite
{Drakebook}, lithium \cite{lithium}, and even beryllium \cite{beryllium}. In all these cases
the nuclear charge $Z$ ... |
3,212,635,540,569 | arxiv | \section{Introduction:}
Although the observational evidences in favour of the recent accelerated expansion of the universe are mounting everyday, the driver of this acceleration has neither been detected nor does any of the candidates has a clear verdict on theoretical grounds. A cosmological constant is the most favou... |
3,212,635,540,570 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{into}
The AdS/CFT correspondence has been known as one of the essential dualities between quantum field theory (QFT) and gravity that corresponds to classical dynamics of gravity in a higher dimension. The duality was first introduced to connect four dimensions conformal field theory to th... |
3,212,635,540,571 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
While the existence and characteristic distributions of empty regions are already implicit in early self-similar models of structure hierarchy in the Universe (cf. \cite{Ma82}, \cite{Jo-etal04}), it was the observational discovery of large, approximately spherical regions almost devoid of visible... |
3,212,635,540,572 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec:1}}
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is adopted by most of the current and future telecommunication standards for high-rate data transmission, particularly in wireless communication systems. Its resilience to multipath channel fading, the spectral efficiency it provides ... |
3,212,635,540,573 | arxiv |
\subsection{Consistency between statistics}
\label{app:stagetests}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{c}
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{plots/corr_paper_egretta_En+aPeeE+xiP+xiM_obs_tot_both_thres20.png}
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption{Cross-correlation matrix between... |
3,212,635,540,574 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main results}
In the seminal paper \cite{jko}, Jordan-Kinderlehrer-Otto have given
a remarkable interpretation of the solution to a linear
Fokker-Planck equation as the steepest descent flow of the relative
Entropy functional in the space of probability measures, endowed
with the Wasserstein ... |
3,212,635,540,575 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{S:Intro}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
Let ${\mathcal U}$ and ${\mathcal Y}$ be two Hilbert spaces and
let ${\mathcal L}({\mathcal U}, {\mathcal Y})$ be the space of all bounded linear operators
between ${\mathcal U}$ and ${\mathcal Y}$. We also let $H^2_{{\mathcal U}}$ be the standard Hardy
... |
3,212,635,540,576 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
I would like to thank the organizers of the ECT* workshop
``New ideas in constraining nuclear forces'', for which
the ideas of this manuscript were developed.
I would also like to thank Andreas Ekstr\"om for (probably half-jokingly)
proposing the term ``power counting bonanza'' for designati... |
3,212,635,540,577 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are achieving state-of-the-art performance for many medical image segmentation tasks. However, deep networks still lack in their generalisation capability when confronted with new datasets.
Domain adaptation (DA) approaches have been developed to ensure that networks ... |
3,212,635,540,578 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The theorem about the positivity of the global gravitational field at spatial infinity
is a cornerstone of General Relativity (GR) and there are already different proofs available of this
important result. In practical applications,
it would be desirable to have a quasi-local notion of energy ... |
3,212,635,540,579 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Dividend discount models (DDMs), first introduced by \citeA{Williams38}, are a popular tool for stock valuation. If we assume that a firm will not default in the future, then the basic idea of all DDMs is that the market price of a stock of a firm equals the sum of the stock's future dividends d... |
3,212,635,540,580 | arxiv | \section{\bf Introduction}
\par
\medskip
Let $E$ be a field, $s(E)$ the class of finite-dimensional
associative central simple $E$-algebras, $d(E)$ the subclass of
division algebras $D \in s(E)$, and for each $A \in s(E)$, let $[A]$
be the equivalence class of $A$ in the Brauer group Br$(E)$. It is
known that Br... |
3,212,635,540,581 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and preliminaries}
For general background, we refer the reader to Lyndon and Schupp \cite{LS}, Hempel \cite{He}, Rolfsen \cite{Rol} and Thurston \cite{Th}.
Presentations for groups, and their relationship with fundamental groups of topological complexes,
... |
3,212,635,540,582 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The host galaxies of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) at low and intermediate
redshifts are predominately sub-luminous, low-metallicity, and dust-poor
galaxies with very blue colors \citep[e.g.,][]{fruchter,floch,fynboLya,lise}.
In particular, the three most nearby hosts (GRBs\,980425, 030329, and
03120... |
3,212,635,540,583 | arxiv | \section{Introduction.} \label{sec:introduction}
Given two power series
\begin{align*}
F(z) &=A_0+A_1 z+A_2 z^2+\ldots =\sum_{n\geq 0} A_n \, z^n\\
G(z) &=B_0+B_1 z+B_2 z^2+\ldots =\sum_{n\geq 0} B_n \, z^n
\end{align*}
their classical Hadamard product is defined by
$$
F\odot G (z) =A_0B_0+A_1 B_1 z+A_2 B_2 z^2+\l... |
3,212,635,540,584 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sec:intro}}
The quest for the origin of elementary particle masses is arguably one of the most important tasks in current high energy physics. According to the standard model (SM), a scalar field is employed to break the electroweak (EW) symmetry down to the electromagnetic (EM) symmetry,... |
3,212,635,540,585 | arxiv |
\section*{Introductory Note}
This version of the manuscript contains the differences between the
previous revision and the current one. Any change at each page is preceeded
by a unique mark, \eg \changecntbox{1}. Changes between the revisions
are emphasized like this: {\removedcolor\removedfont{text remo... |
3,212,635,540,586 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Wildland fires are a necessary component of the Earth's complex climate; however, under certain conditions they can be very costly to the economy, natural habitats, and human lives. As the climate changes, the dry seasons are longer, the fires grow bigger, and resources ... |
3,212,635,540,587 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
This paper investigates the impact of different prior specifications
on the results obtained in Bayesian cluster analysis based on mixture
models. Mixture models may be used to either approximate arbitrary
densities in a semi-parametric way or in a model-based cluste... |
3,212,635,540,588 | arxiv | \section{ INTRODUCTION }
Chiral gauge theories play an important role in particle physics.
Yet very little is known about their properties. The main reason
for this is the lack of a calculational method which takes into
account non-perturbative effects.
The lattice regularization was invented for that purpose. Until
... |
3,212,635,540,589 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the most important problem in quantum physics is to characterize the correlations between separated observers, and the original disscusion about correlations in the quantum physics can be traced back to EPR paradox\cite{Einstein1935}. The study of nonlocal correlation has fundamental impli... |
3,212,635,540,590 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Interplanetary (IP) shocks are ubiquitous in the heliosphere and are mostly associated with interplanetary coronal mass ejections \citep[ICME, e.g. ][]{sheeley:1985} and stream interaction regions \citep[SIR, e.g. ][]{gosling:1999}.
Since the solar wind (SW) is a collisionless plasma, the heliosp... |
3,212,635,540,591 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The lowest Landau level plays host to a variety of interesting quantum Hall (QH) phases which are associated with the integer and fractional quantum Hall effects. These arise in 2d electron gases in a high magnetic field when the electron density is low enough that one or a few of the lowes... |
3,212,635,540,592 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:1} Introduction}
Locations of a wide variety of objects and phenomena
are often estimated with a two-dimensional (2D) model from measurements of the propagation times
of signals. The objects and signal-measuring instruments are almost never on the 2D model's surface: e.g.
a Euclidean plane. In othe... |
3,212,635,540,593 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Over the years, deep learning has achieved great success in perception tasks, such as recognizing objects or understanding language, which are difficult for traditional machine learning methods \cite{bengio2021deep}. To further enhance performance, research efforts have generall... |
3,212,635,540,594 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The self-potential (SP) method has gained a strong interest in reservoir and environmental studies due its sensitivity to water flow. Among many other applications of SP, one can mention its use to monitor water flow in the subsurface \citep[e.g.,][]{doussan2002variations,darnet... |
3,212,635,540,595 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the following we denote by $\dfield{\mathbb E}{\sigma}$ a \emph{difference ring (resp.\ field)}, this means that $\mathbb E$ is a ring (resp.\ field) $\mathbb E$ equipped with a ring (resp.\ field) automorphism $\sigma:\mathbb E\to\mathbb E$. We call $\dfield{\mathbb E}{\sigma}$ \emph{computa... |
3,212,635,540,596 | arxiv | \section{System Model}
We consider a mmWave MIMO link to send $N_{\mathrm{s}}$ data streams using a transmitter with $N_{\mathrm{t}}$ antennas and a receiver with $N_{\mathrm{r}}$ antennas.
Both the transmitter and the receiver use a fully-connected hybrid MIMO architecture as shown in Fig. \ref{fig:hybrid_architectur... |
3,212,635,540,597 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Skin is a complex multi-layered material which can broadly be divided into three main layers, the epidermis, the dermis, and the hypodermis. The epidermis consists of cells and cellular debris, the dermis consists of mostly networks of the fibrous proteins collagen, reticulin and elastin \citep{... |
3,212,635,540,598 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Due to their large masses, heavy quarks are produced mainly during initial parton-parton interaction at RHIC, and they are good probes to study QCD matter.
Study of heavy flavor production in p+p collisions is a test of the validity of the perturbative QCD. It is also used as a baseline to study... |
3,212,635,540,599 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Conditional Random Field (CRF) is a widely used algorithm for structured prediction. It is an undirected graphical model trained to maximize a conditional probability.
The undirected graph can be encoded with a set of features (node features and edge features). Usually, these features are sparse... |
3,212,635,540,600 | arxiv |
\section{Summary and Conclusion}\label{sec:conclusion}
We have presented a comparative study of two peduncle detection systems, \textit{PFH-SVM} and \textit{MiniInception}, deployed on a robotic platform, Harvey.
Trials on two cultivar found that the deep learning approach, \textit{MiniInception}, provided superior p... |
3,212,635,540,601 | arxiv | \section*{Appendix \thesection\protect\indent \parbox[t]{11.15cm}{#1}}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Appendix \thesection\ \ \ #1}}
\usepackage{chngcntr}
\counterwithin*{equation}{section}
\NewEnviron{multieq}[1][2]{
\begin{multicols}{#1}
\begin{subequations}
\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{-15pt}
\allowdisplaybre... |
3,212,635,540,602 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Systems exhibiting non-trivial band topology attract intense attention
owing to phenomena such as chiral edge and surface states supported by boundaries between topologically distinct gapped phases \cite{RevModPhys.82.3045,Bansil2016}.
While the initial focus was on electronic or superconducting... |
3,212,635,540,603 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Simulation plays a very important role in robotics \cite{vzlajpah2008simulation}. Various simulators (e.g., Gazebo, OpenRAVE, MuJoCo) are used to design the robot model, create different simulation environment, analyze the kinematics and dynamics of the robot, design different plan or control a... |
3,212,635,540,604 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the early 1990's Pierre Liardet visited Graz several times and
Pierre, Peter Grabner and the third author started an intensive cooperation on dynamic properties of digital expansions. Their main results from that period where published in~\cite{glt}. In this work, the basic theory
of odometers... |
3,212,635,540,605 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\begin{itemize}
\item EHRs
\item Background to patient stratification
\item Stress points on combining data from trusts and perform patient trajectory based analysis
\item Why we include outcomes
\item Some background on diabetes CH022?
\end{itemize}
\s... |
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