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3,212,635,540,406
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} It is expected since long that the mechanism that triggers the electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB) and generates the fundamental particle masses will have at least two parts \cite{Ellis:2017upx}. The first one is the search and the observation of a spin-zero Higgs particle t...
3,212,635,540,407
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgment} This work was done in collaboration between CSIRO Data61, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Babel-sbf and QUT and was funded by CSIRO’s Active Integrated Matter and Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (MLAI) Future Science Platform. S.R., R.M. and F.M. acknowledge continued support from t...
3,212,635,540,408
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{FP introduction} \hspace{\parindent} Fingerprints are a set of raised lines that form unique patterns on the pads of the fingers and thumbs. Everyone leaves parts or entire fingerprints on many things through our daily activities by touching cups, doors, books, etc., so studying fingerpri...
3,212,635,540,409
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We discuss virtual classes of $\mathbb{G}_\text{m}$-gerbes with perfect obstruction theories. These gerbes appear naturally in the Donaldson-Thomas (DT) theory of smooth projective 3-folds. As moduli stacks of Bridgeland stable objects, $\mathbb{G}_\text{m}$-gerbes are used to extract invaria...
3,212,635,540,410
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} Many applications require particulates to remain dispersed throughout a liquid medium against their tendency to sediment or cream due to density mismatch, often aggravated by a tendency of the suspension to phase separate. Thus,~\textit{e.g.}, sedimentation in a drug suspension ...
3,212,635,540,411
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent work on multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) detections has mainly been focused on so-called sphere decoding \cite{R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6}. Sphere decoding is a two-stage detector in which the channel matrix is first converted into an upper triangular form and, utilizing this structure, a t...
3,212,635,540,412
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} A backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) is an It\^o stochastic differential equation over a finite time-horizon $[0,T]$ where the terminal condition at the terminal time $T$ is specified. BSDE was first introduced by Bismut as an adjoint equation for the linear-qua...
3,212,635,540,413
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \lSect{intro} For helium cores more massive than about 30 \ensuremath{\mathrm{M}_\odot}, post-carbon burning stages are, initially at least, unstable \citep{Woo07,Woo15}. The production of electron-positron pairs at high entropy and temperatures over about $7 \times 10^8$ K softens the equation ...
3,212,635,540,414
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} This paper documents the first steps in our attempt to incorporate imprecision into the study of algorithmic randomness. What this means is that we want to allow for, give a precise mathematical meaning to, and study the mathematical consequences of, associating randomne...
3,212,635,540,415
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the first-year \emph{Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe} (\emph{WMAP}) data release \citep{bennett:2003a}, a great deal of effort has been spent on analyzing the higher-order statistical properties of the sky maps. This effort has resulted in several reports of both non-Gaussianity and s...
3,212,635,540,416
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the $\pi$-calculus, the notion of name restriction is particularly important. The study of properties of name binding is a testbed for studying properties of bindable entities and notions of scoping in programming languages. In a restriction process $\new{x}P$ the name $x$ has $P$ as its s...
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arxiv
\section{#1}} \newcommand{\setcounter{section}{0}{\setcounter{section}{0} \addtocounter{section}{1} \setcounter{equation}{0} \section*{Appendix \Alph{section}}} \newcommand{\addtocounter{section}{1}{\addtocounter{section}{1} \setcounter{equation}{0}\section*{Appendix \Alph{section}}} \...
3,212,635,540,418
arxiv
\section{Introduction and results} Let $V_{t}$, $t\geq0$, be a subordinator with L\'{e}vy measure $\Lambda$ and drift 0. Its Laplace transform is given by \[ \mathbf{E}\mathrm{e}^{-\lambda V_{t}}=\exp\left\{ -t\int_{0}^{\infty}\left( 1-\mathrm{e}^{-\lambda v}\right) \Lambda(\mathrm{d}v)\right\} , \] where t...
3,212,635,540,419
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Blazars constitute a sub-class of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) characterized by broadband (from radio to VHE $\gamma$-rays), non-thermal emission produced in relativistic jets pointing close to the line of sight to the observer (\citealt{urry95}). The highly variable luminosity of Blazars (which ...
3,212,635,540,420
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Facial attribute manipulation has been an important problem in computer vision and graphics field for past several decades. Traditional techniques \cite{blanz1999morphable,blanz2003face,paysan20093d} develop geometric and radiometric facial models, and reparameterize their model parameters for re...
3,212,635,540,421
arxiv
\section{Local visibility for CHSH-based protocols}\label{sec:local} Consider the correlation $p^{\theta,v}_{AB}(a,b|x,y) = \tr\{ \rho^v_{AB}[A^x_a \otimes B^y_b(\theta)]\}$, obtained by measuring the Werner state \begin{equation}\label{eqs:Werner} \rho^v_{AB} = v \ketbraq{\psi_-} + (1-v)\frac{\mathbb{I}}{4} \end{equa...
3,212,635,540,422
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{Introduction.sec} The mechanisms involved in galaxy formation is still one of the major unsolved problems in astrophysics \citep[e.g.,][]{per02}. Globular clusters (GCs), which are considered to be debris of the galaxy formation, have a record about the information on both their formation...
3,212,635,540,423
arxiv
\section{#1}} \setcounter{footnote}{1} \renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}} \newcommand{\la}{\langle} \newcommand{\ra}{\rangle} \newcommand{\Cd}{\mathbb{C}^d} \newcommand{\Bd}{\mathbb{B}_d} \newcommand{\clU}{\mathcal{U}} \newcommand{\clY}{\mathcal{Y}} \newcommand{\clV}{\mathcal{V}}...
3,212,635,540,424
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Machine learning (ML) is driving the development of next-generation interatomic potentials. By training the ML model to a large and diverse dataset of \emph{ab initio }quantum simulations, one aims to build a low-cost, high-fidelity emulator, valid over a wide space of atomic configurations. For...
3,212,635,540,425
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\mathbb{R}_{0,m}$ be the $2^m$-dimensional real Clifford algebra constructed over the orthonormal basis $(e_1,\ldots,e_m)$ of the Euclidean space $\mathbb R^m$ (see \cite{Cl}). The multiplication in $\mathbb{R}_{0,m}$ is governed by the following rules \begin{alignat*}{2} e_j^2=-1&,&\qqua...
3,212,635,540,426
arxiv
\section{Acknowledgements} This work was partially supported by the Agence National de la Recherche (ANR), SPINJECT 06-BLAN-0253. \bibliographystyle{apsrev}
3,212,635,540,427
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Diffuse shock acceleration \cite{BE87} operating at a collisionless shock produces nonthermal particles in a supernova remnant (SNR). Remarkable progress in the observations of shock-accelerated particles was made in the last decade, especially in the X-ray and TeV $\gamma$-ray bands, whi...
3,212,635,540,428
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The X-ray source XTE\,J1859+083\ was discovered by Marshall et al. (1999) in observations made with the {\it Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer} ({\it RXTE}) Proportional Counter Array (PCA) on 1999 August 8 (MJD 51,398) during slews between pointed observations of other targets. Although it was not po...
3,212,635,540,429
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The nearby supernova remnant (SNR) RX J1713.7-3946 is a brighter source of TeV photons than any SNR in the northern sky and, together with the SNR RX J0852.0-4622, may well be the VHE brightest SNR in the entire sky (Aharonian et al., 2005). Two alternative scenarios were proposed ...
3,212,635,540,430
arxiv
\section{Introduction:} The latin word "immunitas" is related to the concept of exemption from a service or duty or from civil laws (e.g., "diplomatic immunity" of an ambassador of one country in another). It has been known for more than two thousand years \cite{silver89} that individuals who recover from a diseas...
3,212,635,540,431
arxiv
\section{Energy radiation in conformally flat spacetimes is the same as in Minkowski space.} Consider a spacetime which admits a Killing vector field $K = K^i$. If $T = T^{ij}$ is any symmetric tensor with vanishing covariant divergence, such as an energy-momentum tensor, then the vector $E^j := K_\alpha T^{\alpha j}$ ...
3,212,635,540,432
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Thermodynamics of 2D systems is challenging due to bigger than in 3D role of fluctuations. According to the Ginzburg-Levanyuk criterion~\cite{GinzburgLevanyuk1959eng,GinzburgLevanyuk1960eng}, the reduction of the spatial dimensionality limits the applicability of mean-field models, which neglect...
3,212,635,540,433
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The present work is the third part of a series, devoted to the study of special polynomials related to the eight-vertex model and other solvable lattice models of statistical mechanics. In \cite{r2} we introduced, for each non-negative integer $m$, a four-dimensional lattice $T_n^{(k_0,k_1,k_2...
3,212,635,540,434
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} In their seminar paper, Miyaji, Nakabayashi and Takano introduced the first method to construct families of prime-order elliptic curves with small embedding degrees, namely $k = 3, 4$, and $6$. These curves, so-called MNT curves, were then extended by Scott and Barreto, and also Galbraith, McKee and...
3,212,635,540,435
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Computed tomography is widely used in clinical practice, but the problem of radiation exposure of patients is inevitable. Reconstruction of equivalent three-dimensional (3D) chest CT images from the minimum number of two-dimensional (2D) chest X-ray (CXR) images \citep{he...
3,212,635,540,436
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Millisecond-duration radio signals are mapping out an ever increasing volume of our Universe. Already \refbf{from} the first pulsar,~\citet{Hewish-1968} deducted a distance of $\sim$65\,pc from the interstellar dispersion. The distance scale next stepped through three more prefixes: 60\,kpc for...
3,212,635,540,437
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Overview} \label{sec:intro} The method of functional relations and commuting transfer matrices, introduced by Baxter in his seminal paper \cite{Baxter:1972hz} on the exact solution of the eight-vertex model, plays a fundamental role in the theory of integrable quantum systems. It is based on ...
3,212,635,540,438
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} In recent papers, Mochejska {\rm et~al.}\ (1999) and Stanek \& Udalski (1999) suggest that blending of stellar images on \it HST \rm WFC images has led the \it HST Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale \rm (Gibson {\rm et~al.}\ 2000; Sakai {\rm et~al.}\ 2000) and \...
3,212,635,540,439
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The study of exotic nuclear structure is at the forefront of research in modern nuclear physics \cite{Zhou2017_PoS-INPC2016-373}. Among many others, the most striking exotic nuclear phenomenon is the nuclear halo which was first observed in $^{11}$Li \cite{Tanihata1985_PRL55-26...
3,212,635,540,440
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) comprise a new class of atomically thin semiconducting crystals in which electrons exhibit strong spin-valley coupling that results in novel valleytronic properties when interrogated with circularly polarized light \cite{DiXiao12}. These include v...
3,212,635,540,441
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, a new formulation of the Weinberg-Salam model has been suggested \cite{Chernodub:2008rz,Faddeev:2008qc,Faddeev:2006sw,Chernodub:2007bz} (the similar ideas are discussed also in papers \cite{Diakonov:2001xg,Foot:2008tz,Majumdar:2009yw}). A novel feature of this approach is the interpreta...
3,212,635,540,442
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The past decades have seen an explosion of various exotic lattice models including gapped fracton models \cite{Chamon:2004lew,Haah:2011drr,Vijay:2016phm} (see \cite{Nandkishore:2018sel,Pretko:2020cko,Grosvenor:2021hkn} for reviews) and gapless models \cite{PhysRevB.66.054526} w...
3,212,635,540,443
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The observation of gravitational waves (GWs) from coalescing binaries \cite{Abbott:2016blz,TheLIGOScientific:2016pea,TheLIGOScientific:2017qsa,LIGOScientific:2018mvr} using a continually improving network of GW detectors~\cite{TheLIGOScientific:2014jea,TheVirgo:2014hva,Aso:2013eba,LIGOIndia} is...
3,212,635,540,444
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The past decade has witnessed the wide success of \emph{deep neural networks} (DNNs) in computer vision and natural language processing. These DNNs, e.g., VGG \citep{vgg}, ResNet \citep{resnet}, and MobileNet \citep{mobilenet}, are typically handcrafted by human experts with considerable trial...
3,212,635,540,445
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Given a linear-time property, specified for example as a formula of a temporal logic, how hard is it to guess a model of the property? Temporal models play a fundamental role in verification and planning, for example in the satisfiability problem of temporal logic~\cite{Rozier+Vardi/07/LTL}, in m...
3,212,635,540,446
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Int} In recent years numerous studies have underlined the complex role of human hand in motor organization, with particular attention to grasping. It was shown that individuated finger motions were phylogenetically superimposed on basic grasping movements~\cite{Gordon}. Moreover, it is po...
3,212,635,540,447
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} Historically, the notion of a physical energy contained in a compact 3 dimensional spacetime region (quasi-local energy) has proved to be rather complicated to identify and various attempts have been made to define a physically meaningful quantity for this concept in general re...
3,212,635,540,448
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} \begin{quote} {\footnotesize In this paper, we study biharmonic isometric immersions of a surface into and biharmonic Riemannian submersions from the product space $M^2\times\mbox{${\mathbb R}$}$. We give a classification of proper biharmonic isometric immersions of a surface with constant mea...
3,212,635,540,449
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The behaviour of the large order terms in perturbative quantum field theory has been a subject of permanent interest \cite{Lipa}-\cite{tHof}. Recently, this problem received much attention in the case of QCD \cite{Muel}-\cite{BBK}. As is known, the creation of instanton-antiinstanton pairs and ...
3,212,635,540,450
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The CoGeNT~\cite{2011PhRvL.106m1301A} Collaboration has recently claimed for excess events in their data, while not confirmed by complementary searches like XENON-100 \cite{2010PhRvL.105m1302A,2011arXiv1104.2549X} or SIMPLE \cite{2011arXiv1106.3014F}. Although CDMS-II had ...
3,212,635,540,451
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{section:Introduction} The Galactic Centre (GC) contains the nearest galactic nucleus at only 8 kpc from Earth that harbours the massive black hole (MBH), Sagittarius~A* (Sgr~A*) with a mass of $\sim 4 \times$ $10^{6}$ $\mathrm{M_{\odot}}$ \citep{Eckart&Genzel1996,Eckart&Genzel1997,Schoede...
3,212,635,540,452
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Compressive imaging depicts a novel imaging paradigm for image acquisition and reconstruction that allows the recovery of an underlying image from far fewer measurements than the Nyquist sampling rate \cite{donoho2006compressed,liutkus2014imaging,duarte2008single,kerviche201...
3,212,635,540,453
arxiv
\chapter{Data} In this chapter, we use Edlib \cite{vsovsic2017edlib} (edit distance mode) to assess the number of accepted (i.e., having edits less or equal to the edit distance threshold) and rejected (i.e., having more edits than the edit distance threshold) pairs for each of the 12 datasets. We also provide the time...
3,212,635,540,454
arxiv
\section{Collaborative counting Bloom filter}\label{sec:ccbf} Our system records complaints in a special data structure which we call a \emph{collaborative counting Bloom filter}, or CCBF. This data structure shares some of the same basic functionality as a counting Bloom filter~\cite{TON:FCAB00, PODC:Mitzenmacher01}...
3,212,635,540,455
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the most fundamental problems in coding and information theory is that of transmitting a message over a noisy channel and attempting to recover it at the receiving end. This is either when the transmission is over a distance (a communications system), or over time (a storage system)...
3,212,635,540,456
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are versatile modeling objects in the context of convex programming, with many engineering applications \cite{bn}. An $n$-dimensional LMI set is defined as \begin{equation}\label{lmi} {\mathcal F} = \{x \in {\mathbb R}^n \: :\: F(x) = F_0 + \sum_{i...
3,212,635,540,457
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Let ${\bf M}_n$ denote the set of $n\times n$ matrices with complex entries, and let $A^*$ denote the Hermitian conjugate of $A\in {\bf M}_n$. For $0< p < \infty$, and $A\in {\bf M}_n$, define $$ \|A\|_q = ({\rm Tr}[(A^*A)^{q/2}])^{1/q}\ . $$ For $q \ge 1$, this defines a norm on ...
3,212,635,540,458
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs) are very sensitive thermometers used as microcalorimeters and bolometers in ground and space-borne low temperature instruments \cite{IrwinHilton,Ullom_2015}. TESs are, typically, low impedance devices made of a thin superconducting bilayer, wi...
3,212,635,540,459
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{A}{s} conventional object detection and recognition approach solved problems, we see a surge of interest in more challenging problems that should require greater `understanding' from computer vision systems. Image captioning \cite{showandtell}, visual question answering \cite{vqa_d...
3,212,635,540,460
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Attention plays a major role in our daily lives. Almost every conscious move we make requires attention. Clearly, understanding attention and improving it can be the key to ameliorate the effectiveness of many tasks. Auditory attention is a form of attention, a cognitive process wherein the atte...
3,212,635,540,461
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Compression plays an important role on the efficient transmission of images and videos through the band-limited Internet. However, image and video compression unavoidably leads to compression artifacts, which may severely degrade the visual quality. Therefore, quality enhancement of compressed i...
3,212,635,540,462
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Balanced incomplete block designs (BIBDs) have wide applications in engineering, business and sciences \cite{Wa2007, Wi2015}. Given a finite set $X$ of points and integers $k, r, \lambda \ge 1$, we may define a {\bf balanced incomplete block design} $B$ to be a family of $k$-element subsets o...
3,212,635,540,463
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Many years minimum spanning tree problem (MST) is a basic scientific/telecommunication problem for design of communication/access/computer network topology, for network routing (\cite{el85}, \cite{gar79}, \cite{gavish92}, \cite{godor05}, \cite{pent06}, \cite{pirkul97}, \cite{voss06})....
3,212,635,540,464
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The possibility of faithfully simulating quantum low dimensional systems gives today the unique opportunity of testing against experiments predictions made by powerful methods -- such as bosonization \cite{giamarchi2003quantum} (see also Schulz et al. in \cite{morandi2000field}), conformal field...
3,212,635,540,465
arxiv
\section*{Figure caption} \begin{figure}[h!] \begin{center} \includegraphics{Massimo_TestaFig01.pdf} \caption{\label{Massimo_TestaFig01.pdf}The circuit $\gamma$ and the closed path $\Gamma$ used to evaluate the circulation of $\mathbf{B}_\gamma$.} \end{center} \end{figure} \end{document}
3,212,635,540,466
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Inclusive charged particle distributions have been studied for a long time to derive the general properties of hadronic interactions at high energies. A large body of the experimental data on charge particle production spectra in baryon-baryon, gamma-baryon and gamma-gamma collisions has been ac...
3,212,635,540,467
arxiv
\section{Methods Summary} \vspace{-3mm} \noindent We use the minimal STO-3G basis~\cite{HSP69} for H$_2$, consisting of one $\ket{1s}$-type atomic orbital per atom. These two functions are combined to form the bonding (antibonding) molecular orbitals~\cite{SO96}. The 4 corresponding single-electron molecular spin-orbit...
3,212,635,540,468
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A regular semisimple Hessenberg variety is a subvariety of the flag variety $\Fl(n)$ defined as \[ X(h):=\{(V_1\subset \cdots\subset V_n=\mathbb C^n)\in \Fl(n)\mid SV_j\subset V_{h(j)} \quad(\forall j\in [n])\} \] where $S$ is a linear endomorphism of $\mathbb C^n$ with distinct eigenvalues and...
3,212,635,540,469
arxiv
\section{Introduction The isoperimetric inequality is a classical topic in comparison geometry with the history tracing back to the ancient Greece. Most of the work on isoperimetric problem has been done in Euclidean spaces and Riemannian manifolds. Recently, the isoperimetric problem can be formulated in greater g...
3,212,635,540,470
arxiv
\subsection{Background} Ultrasound-based strategies for navigation have been applied to a variety of medical devices and surgical instruments due to their minimally invasive intervention properties and high portability. Until recently, several attempts towards medical procedures through an ultrasound-guided robot m...
3,212,635,540,471
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Standard Model (SM) with massless neutrinos possesses an accidental global $U(1)_{B-L}$ symmetry \cite{tHooft:1976rip}. Turning this into a local $U(1)_{B-L}$ symmetry with no anomalies is readily achieved through the introduction of one right-handed neutrino per family, similar to the left-...
3,212,635,540,472
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} Quantum key distribution (QKD) has drawn a lot of attention for its proven security against adversaries with unlimited computing power \cite{BB84,E91,Gisin02,Scarani09,Lo14,Diamanti16}. In QKD, two remote legitimate users (Alice and Bob) can establish a secure key by transmitting q...
3,212,635,540,473
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure*}[t!] \vspace{-0.4cm} \centering \includegraphics[scale=1]{figures/overview.pdf} \caption{Prompt-based learning frameworks for NER mostly neglect entity span detection which leads to a huge time cost to generate prompts over all the entity candidates in the sentence,...
3,212,635,540,474
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Excitation of atomic nuclei has been one of the major subjects to be investigated by physicists for almost a century. Various mechanisms are capable to change the nuclear quantum state \cite{EiGr1970}. In particular, transitions between atomic shells can couple to nuclear degrees of freedom. For...
3,212,635,540,475
arxiv
\section{Benchmark Measurements of $B_s$ rare decays}\label{sec:bsmeasurements} \end{boldmath} The production of $B_s$ mesons at the $\Upsilon(5S)$ allows to study the decay rates of the $B_s$ sector with the same completeness and accuracy that is currently available for the $B_d$ and charged $B$ mesons, improving ou...
3,212,635,540,476
arxiv
\section*{References}} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsthm} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{epstopdf} \usepackage{float} \usepackage{caption} \usepackage{subcaption} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{physics} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{bbm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepacka...
3,212,635,540,477
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} \IEEEPARstart{I}{n} robot teaching, one way to teach a manipulation task is to provide the geometric constraints involved in the task. However, when a task is part of a longer multi-step sequence of tasks, this approach lacks important information on how to complete the task ...
3,212,635,540,478
arxiv
\section{The unified skew-normal distribution} \subsection{Early development, applications and some open problems} \label{s:intro} In recent years, there has been a vigorous impulse in the development of flexible parametric families of distributions. This activity is specially lively and stimulating in the multivaria...
3,212,635,540,479
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Introduction} Let $F_k$ ($k=1, 2, \ldots, n$) be the $k$-Hessian operator defined by \begin{equation}\label{I01} F_k[u] =\sum_{1\leq i_{1}<\cdots<i_{k}\leq n}\lambda_{i_{1}}\cdots\lambda_{i_{k}}, \end{equation} where $ \lambda_{1},\ldots,\lambda_{n}$ are the eigenvalues of the Hessia...
3,212,635,540,480
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} Refractoriness is a fundamental characteristic of biological excitable media, including cardiac tissues. The boundary between absolute and relative refractoriness can be defined as the boundary between the ability and the inability of the medium to conduct excitation waves \cite{Kr...
3,212,635,540,481
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Massive stars (in excess of $\sim$8$\,$M$_\odot$) are known to form in clusters within the dense cores of giant molecular clouds \citep{gar99}. The formation processes of these stars, however, still remain unclear. It has been proposed that massive stars form either through accretion of materia...
3,212,635,540,482
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Facial expressions are a primary modality to understand the emotional status of an individual. The expression provides a useful contextual clue for social communication~\cite{haxby2000distributed}. However, individuals do not always clearly reveal their facial expressions. When an individual reve...
3,212,635,540,483
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Magnetic fields have a significant impact on internal stellar structure through their role in rotation, the transport of angular momentum, mixing, and mass loss. They also impact the circumstellar environment, e.g. through confinement of the wind particles into a magnetosphere. As a consequence,...
3,212,635,540,484
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} \subsection{Characterizing small planets through evaporation} About a quarter of the known exoplanets orbit at short distances ($\approxinf$0.1\,au) from their star (from the Exoplanet Encyclopaedia in December 2016; \citealt{Schneider2011}). Heating by the stellar energy can l...
3,212,635,540,485
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the goals of the PANDA experiment at FAIR will be the search for gluonic excitations, e.g.\ glueballs and hybrid mesons. While glueballs consist only of gluons, hybrid mesons are quark antiquark states with excited gluonic fields, which contribute to the quantum numbers. Hybrid mesons ar...
3,212,635,540,486
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} It has been known for decades that the majority of present-day galaxies host a supermassive black hole and that accretion onto these black holes is the source of quasar emission. Based on the demographics, polarimetry and X-ray observations of active nuclei, the unification mod...
3,212,635,540,487
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{S}{parsity} reduces network complexities and, consequently, lowers the demands on memory and computation, reduces overfitting, and improves interpretability~\citep{Changpinyo17,Han15,Kim16,Liu15,Wen16}. Sparsity is at the heart of many current techniques in deep learning, such as dr...
3,212,635,540,488
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \typeout{into on page \thepage} The peculiar normal state properties of High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) have been extensively studied over the past decade in the expectation that their understanding will likely reveal the mechanism of superconductivity. Yet no consensus ...
3,212,635,540,489
arxiv
\section{Splitting criteria for optimizing AUC}\label{sec:algorithm} In this work we primarily focus on heterogeneity that is based upon label balance, however it could be that the heterogeneity is because different partitions are easier to classify or have higher variance. Identifying the optimal partitioning that c...
3,212,635,540,490
arxiv
\section{#1}} \baselineskip=20pt \newfont{\elevenmib}{cmmib10 scaled\magstep1} \newcommand{\preprint}{ \begin{flushleft} \end{flushleft}\vspace{-1.3cm} \begin{flushright}\normalsize \end{flushright}} \newcommand{\Title}[1]{{\baselineskip=26pt \begin{center} \Large \bf #1 \\ \ \...
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arxiv
\section{Introduction} The detection of gravitational waves (GW) from astrophysical sources is one of the most important problems in experimental gravitation today. Large laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors like LIGO, VIRGO, LISA, TAMA 300, GEO 600 and AIGO may in the near future open a new window for th...
3,212,635,540,492
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} The most simple Hermitian structure is given by the complex field $\mathbb{C}$ when equipped with the complex modulus $\overline{z}$ (for $z \in \mathbb{C}$). Although quite simple, this structure has many applications in the theory of harmonic analysis of finite Abelian groups. Ind...
3,212,635,540,493
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The rapid advancements in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have transformed the landscape of computer vision research, leading to a boom of various high performing applications that takes advantage of deep learning's exceptional capability in complicated interpretation and robustness against...
3,212,635,540,494
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Given its high abundance in the interstellar medium (ISM), the photodissociation of methanol (\ce{CH3OH}) -- producing the methyl (\ce{CH3}), hydroxymethyl (\ce{CH2OH}), and methoxy radicals (\ce{CH3O}) -- is one of the most dominant sources of reactive organic species driving inte...
3,212,635,540,495
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The phenomenon of the accelerated expansion of the universe is presently one of the central issues of both observational and theoretical cosmology. A number of diverse cosmological observations\,\cite{Supernovae,WMAP03LSS} have by now established the accelerated nature of the present expansion of...
3,212,635,540,496
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In our companion paper \cite{BTTI}, we developed a higher dimensional connection formulation for General Relativity with only first class constraints and Poisson commuting connections in any spacetime dimension $D+1\ge 3$. The motivation was to make contact to approaches to quantum gravity ot...
3,212,635,540,497
arxiv
\section{Supplemental Materials} \subsection{Four photon state} To correctly describe the four photon state in our entanglement swapping setup, we begin by labeling the paths with bosinic operators according to Fig\ref{fig:supp:simple:scheme}. Each source generates two pairs of photons by spontaneous parametric down ...
3,212,635,540,498
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Lifting the Seiberg-Witten-Nekrasov \cite{SW1,SW2,GKMMM'95,DW'96,LMNS1,LMNS2,LMNS3,LMNS4,N'04,NO'03,NS'09,MM2'2009,MM3'2009} theory to the level of $6d$ SYM is now attracting increasing interest \cite{IKY'2015,Nieri'2015,MMZ1'16,MMZ2'16,MMZ3'16,KP'16}. One of the research directions here is the ...
3,212,635,540,499
arxiv
\section{Definition and main results} Recently a special attention is payed to studying the spectrum of self-adjoint operators with {\it non-commutative} coefficients. It is considered not only as mathematics but also physics experiments. A historically important model is the Dirac operator, and the Rabi model a...
3,212,635,540,500
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In the long history of semi-supervised learning (SSL) in speech recognition, self-training approach \cite{vesely2013semi,huang2016semi,synnaeve2019end} and knowledge distillation \cite{hinton2015distilling}, or known as teacher-student model training \cite{li2014learning} are...
3,212,635,540,501
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Whitehead's cut-vertex lemma \cite{WH} implies that the Whitehead graph of a primitive element of the free group is either not connected or has a {cut vertex}. This result was generalized by Stong~\cite{Stong} and Stallings \cite{St} to separable subsets of free groups. In this note we observe...
3,212,635,540,502
arxiv
\section{Abstract} \end{doublespace} \begin{doublespace} We discuss the objectives of any endeavor in creating artificial intelligence, AI, and provide a possible alternative. Intelligence might be an unintended consequence of curiosity left to roam free, best exemplified by a frolicking infant. This suggests that our...
3,212,635,540,503
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Feedback due to outflows and jets is believed to be a major driver of the co-evolution of galaxies and their supermassive black holes \citep[review by][]{Fabian12}. Radio jets interact in various ways with their surroundings, sweeping up, and driving shocks into the ambient gas. While direct jet...
3,212,635,540,504
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The broadcasting models on trees and the closely related reconstruction problem are studied in statistical physics, biology, communication theory, e.g. see \cite{OptPhylogeny,PhaseTransPhylog,IsingTree}. Our work is motivated from the study of {\em random Constraint Satisfaction Problems}...
3,212,635,540,505
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{A}{}ssessing the quality of a given parametric probabilistic system with respect to the inference of it's unknown parameters plays a key role in the analysis and design of signal processing systems. Through the Fisher information measure \cite{Fisher21} \cite{Fisher25}, estimation t...