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3,212,635,540,606 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Testing the universality hypothesis, and establishing
the universality class of the critical points exhibited
by various spin models and field theories
has been a major preoccupation of statistical physics
for some time \cite{cardy}. In this ongoing project, the utility of
studying a variety of... |
3,212,635,540,607 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Entanglement is a quantum mechanical property that describes the nonlocal correlation
between quantum systems which has no classical analog\cite{EPR,diviccezo,entg1,Nielsen,gruska}.
It is a distinguishing feature of quantum mechanics and is regarded as a resource for many
applications such as ... |
3,212,635,540,608 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The most serious problem in gravitational microlensing is the following well-known
degeneracy: the only physical parameter that
can be extracted from an observed light curve is the Einstein radius crossing
time, which depends on the lens mass, the distances to the lens and
source, and the trans... |
3,212,635,540,609 | arxiv | \section{Solution of the Master Equation at the Fixed Point}
In this appendix we show how to derive the solution of the master equation at the fixed point. We denote $\mu=\frac{1}{\Gamma(\Omega)}$.\newline
First, we multiply by $\int z^J dJ$ the two sides of Eq. (\ref{Meq}), and then plug in the Ansatz for $P(J,\Ome... |
3,212,635,540,610 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec:Intro}}
Globular clusters (GCs, hereafter) are well-studied stellar systems containing
the oldest stars in the Galaxy, and
much of our knowledge of stellar dynamics and stellar evolution rests on them.
With an age of about 10 Gyr, low-mass ($\sim$ 1 $M_\odot$)
stars are now on the AGB ... |
3,212,635,540,611 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{wrapfigure}[11]{r}{0.55\textwidth}
\vspace{-10mm}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.55\textwidth]{figures/master_figure.pdf}
\end{center}
\caption{The Operator Learning Manifold Hypothesis.}\label{fig: swiss roll}
\end{wrapfigure}
Machine learning techniques have been app... |
3,212,635,540,612 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Neutrino telescopes are right now the only possibility of exploring the distant universe independent of photons. By studying the relic neutrinos stemming from distant supernovae we can derive information about the history of the universe and its star formation rate (SFR). It is a well established... |
3,212,635,540,613 | arxiv | \subsubsection*{Abstract}
\begin{small}
We study a Rock-Paper-Scissors model that describes the spatiotemporal evolution of three competing populations in ecology, or strategies in evolutionary game theory.
The dynamics of the model is determined by a set of partial differential equations (PDEs) in a reaction-diffusion... |
3,212,635,540,614 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Random numbers are widely used in cryptographic, simulation (e.g., in Monte Carlo methods)
and modeling (e.g., computer games) applications.
A generator of truly random binary digits generates such sequences
$x_1 x_2 ... $ that, with probability one, for any binary word $u$ the following ... |
3,212,635,540,615 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The exceptionally compact radio source Sgr\,A$^\star$\, is
spatially coincident with the dynamical centre of the Galaxy, which
contains a mass $M \approx 3.7 \times 10^6 M_\odot$, deduced from
measurements of stellar orbital motions
\citep[e.g.][]{b2,Schodel02,b1}. High-resolution VLBA imaging... |
3,212,635,540,616 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Intro}
The classic black hole thermodynamics framework \cite{Bekenstein:1973ur,Bekenstein:1974ax,Hawking:1974sw,Hawking:1976de} can be extended\footnote{See {\it e.g.,} refs. \cite{Wang:2006eb,Sekiwa:2006qj,LarranagaRubio:2007ut,Kastor:2009wy}, the early work in refs. \cite{Henneaux:198... |
3,212,635,540,617 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}}
\IEEEPARstart{S}{patial} clustering is a fundamental technique in data analysis, and has extensive applications in data mining \cite{larose2014discovering}, information retrieval \cite{bhatia1998conceptual}, image segmentation \cite{ROSENFELD19821}, pattern recognition \... |
3,212,635,540,618 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $F$ be an algebraic function field with field of constants $K$, where $K$ is
an algebraic closed field of characteristic $p$.
Let $F/E$ be
a Galois extension with abelian Galois group $G$ of order $p^n$.
We will denote by $\Omega_{F}(m)$ the space of holomorphic $m$-(poly)differentials of... |
3,212,635,540,619 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In \cite{Anderson}, G. Anderson
introduced a striking new machinery
to investigate the Jacobian variety
and theta divisor of an algebraic curve,
which he called the {\it $p$-adic soliton theory}.
He then applied his theory
to the Jacobian variety of
a cyclic quotient of a Fermat curve and
sho... |
3,212,635,540,620 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure*}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[height=0.33\textheight]{map-article-complex2.pdf}\hfill%
\includegraphics[height=0.33\textheight]{map-article-zoom3.pdf}
\caption{\textbf{(Left)} The W28 complex on large scales.
{Grayscale (in~$\sigma$) and thick contours} show TeV emi... |
3,212,635,540,621 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The logistic equation
\begin{equation}
\dot x = ax(1-x)\,,\ a>0\,,\ x\geqslant0\,,
\end{equation}
\noindent is one of the best-known and most popular models in population
dynamics. Perturbing this equation by a multiplicative noise is an obvious
generalization of the deterministic theory, aimi... |
3,212,635,540,622 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A crucial feature of neural networks with a fixed network architecture is that they form a manifold by virtue of their continuously tunable weights, which underlies their ability to be trained by gradient descent. However, this conception of the space of neural networks is inadequate for unders... |
3,212,635,540,623 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In quantum information technology researchers seek quantum storage devices to develop a quantum computer
in which a qubit is used as an elementary unit for encoding information.
In practice, several systems have been suggested
to built a qubit. Among many based on semiconductors promising are,... |
3,212,635,540,624 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Multi-agent systems with many unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) broaden the range of achievable missions to complex environments unsafe or hard to reach for humans or a single agent.
For successful operation of these multi-agent systems, path planning algorithm is required to generate a collision... |
3,212,635,540,625 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Periodic Lorentz gas}
We consider a planar billiard with periodic
configuration of scatterers.
Such a model is also called a Lorentz process.
The motion of a free point particle
bouncing on the scatterers according to
Descartes' reflection law defines a flow.
The flow conserves t... |
3,212,635,540,626 | arxiv | \section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@
\begin{document}
\title{Perfect numbers and Fibonacci primes }
\author{Tianxin Cai, Deyi Chen and Yong Zhang }
\date{}
\maketitle
\vspace{-3em}
\begin{abstract}
In this paper, we introduce the concept of $F$-perfect number, which is a positive integer $n$ such that $\sum_... |
3,212,635,540,627 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
$\,\,\,\,\,\,$\textbf{The idea.} The investigation of the paper was partially inspirit by the following problem.
\begin{prob} \label{pr:main}
Let $\mathcal{F} = (f_n)_{n=1}^\infty$ be a sequence of real-valued functions defined on an abstract set $X$ (or, more general, a sequ... |
3,212,635,540,628 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Game developers carefully craft non-player characters (NPCs) to support their game design goals, focusing on creating a specific player experience. But they may not always have specific training, technical knowledge, or access to dedicated support for implementing their desired NPC behavior. The... |
3,212,635,540,629 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Kovàcs et \textit{al.} have greatly contributed to the characterisation of \textit{sliding} \cite{hoelscher2017, grau2015, pollitt2015}, a flagella-independent, "passive type of [bacterial] movement, [...] powered by the pushing force of dividing cells and additional factors facilitating the expa... |
3,212,635,540,630 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:sec1}
The inflationary paradigm is widely regarded as the leading framework to describe the early stages of the Hot Big Bang cosmology \cite{Guth:1980zm,Linde:1981mu,Albrecht:1982wi}. Indeed, the inflationary prediction of a nearly scale-invariant spectrum of primordial adiabatic dens... |
3,212,635,540,631 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
This work was partially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan
R.O.C., under grant MOST-103-2112-M-006-004-MY3 (CHC).
|
3,212,635,540,632 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is a key technique to investigate the electronic structure of solids. By extracting the kinetic energy and angular distribution of emitted photoelectrons, one gains direct access to the spectral function and, in particular... |
3,212,635,540,633 | arxiv |
\section{Method}\label{sec:methodology}
\subsection{Network Architecture}
As depicted in \cref{fig:pipeline}, our guided completion model is based on conditional Generative Adversarial Networks~\cite{cgan} to complete the missing region of an image ${\bm{X}}$ annotated by a binary mask ${\bm{M}}$ according to a gui... |
3,212,635,540,634 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The First Ionization Potential (FIP) Effect is the by now well known
abundance anomaly in the solar corona and slow speed solar wind, whereby
elements such as Fe, Si, and Mg with FIP less than about 10 eV, i.e. those
elements that are predominantly ionized in the solar chromosphere, are
enha... |
3,212,635,540,635 | arxiv | \section{Acknowledgment}
A.S acknowledges the hospitality of CFP, Zewail City of Science
and Technology, Cairo during a visit when this work was initiated.
S.K acknowledges partial support from the European Union FP7 ITN INVISIBLES (Marie Curie Actions, PITN- GA-2011- 289442).
The work of M.A is partially supported b... |
3,212,635,540,636 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well known that the real photon has a partonic substructure,
induced by virtual fluctuations into $\mrm{q}\overline{\mrm{q}}$ pairs. These
fluctuations are in part non-perturbative, and so cannot be
calculated from first principles (at least not without major advances
in lattice-g... |
3,212,635,540,637 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the most interesting features of string theory is the appearance, in some cases, of tachyons.
Although much progress has been made
in understanding the dynamics of open string tachyons
\cite{Sen:2004nf, Schnabl},
and (semi)localized closed string tachyons (for an incomplete list of refe... |
3,212,635,540,638 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let us consider the Nelson model
which describes a system of a single quantum mechanical particle coupled with a scalar bose field.
The Hamiltonian with a fixed total momentum $P$ is given by
\begin{align}
H_{\kappa}(P)=\frac{1}{2}(P-\Pf)^2-g\int_{\BbbR^3} dk \frac{1_{B_{\kappa}}(k)}{\sqr... |
3,212,635,540,639 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
HR 4049 (HD 89353, AG Ant) is considered the prototype of a peculiar group of sources in the post-Asymptotic Giant Branch
(AGB) stage of evolution that are believed to be close binary systems surrounded by a massive and stable circumbinary envelope
as a consequence of mass loss processes during... |
3,212,635,540,640 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this article we study inverse mean curvature flows in warped product manifolds. Our objective is to propose that for mean convex, starshaped hypersurfaces in warped product manifolds such flows have good evolution behaviors under certain weak conditions. \\
\indent Fix $n\geq 3$. Throug... |
3,212,635,540,641 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{S}{urgical} scene understanding ability acquired with the help of deep neural networks (DNNs) is essential for developing ambient clinical intelligence. It allows for intraoperative assistance and postoperative analysis and ensures effective treatment. Despite the high performance o... |
3,212,635,540,642 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We study the long-time asymptotic behavior of solutions of the Korteweg--de Vries (KdV) equation
\begin{equation}\label{kdv}
q_t(x,t)=6q(x,t)q_x(x,t)-q_{xxx}(x,t), \quad (x,t)\in\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R},
\end{equation}
with steplike initial data $q(x,0)=q(x)\in C^{11}(\mathbb{R})$ such that... |
3,212,635,540,643 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The solution of a 4-dimensional gauge theory remains a visionary
dream of theoretical physics. Over the last years much progress
has been made in the planar limit of ${\cal N}=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills
theory (SYM). New methods based on symmetries and unitarity cuts
have helped to re-organize... |
3,212,635,540,644 | arxiv | \section*{Methods}
We describe below in more detail the orbit-based modeling as well as calibration of systematic biases and uncertainties based on a suite of galaxy simulations.
\paragraph{Stellar Kinematics}
The stellar kinematics are extracted from the spectral range 3750-4550\,\AA\ for the \emph{CALIFA} V1200 gr... |
3,212,635,540,645 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Computational models play an ever-growing role in predicting the behavior of real-world systems or physical phenomena~\cite{roy2011comprehensive}, using equations and/or heuristics to encode the natural laws and theories of the world we inhabit. Because models are a simplified representation o... |
3,212,635,540,646 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
General Relativity in (2+1)-dimensions has long been considered an
arena for investigating issues in gravity without the additional complications
of gravitational dynamics in higher dimensions. The reason for this
is that in (2+1)-dimensions there are no local propagating degrees
of freedom in t... |
3,212,635,540,647 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Calculation of correlation functions is one of the most challenging problems in the study of quantum integrable
models. Among various methods to solving this problem, we would like to mention the form factor approach in the framework of
the algebraic Bethe ansatz (ABA). This approach was found ... |
3,212,635,540,648 | arxiv | \subsection{#1}\fi}
\def\abbr#1{\textsc{\MakeLowercase{#1}}}
\let\term\emph
\newcommand{\rotatebox[origin=c]{-90}{$\ominus$}}{\rotatebox[origin=c]{-90}{$\ominus$}}
\makeatletter
\newcommand*{\DOTSB\bigominus@\slimits@}{\DOTSB\DOTSB\bigominus@\slimits@@\slimits@}
\newcommand{\DOTSB\bigominus@\slimits@@}{\mathop{\mathpal... |
3,212,635,540,649 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The detection of high-energy radiation from rotation powered pulsars shows that particle acceleration takes place close to the pulsars' magnetospheres as well as in their surroundings. The particle stream initiated by the electrostatic magnetospheric gaps constitutes a magnetized wind, which f... |
3,212,635,540,650 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Home wireless use is on the rise. Given that people are typically indoors 80\% of the time and majority of that time is spent at home where wireless Internet access is prevalent, global consumer Internet traffic trends also reflect home wireless access trends. In particular, we ca... |
3,212,635,540,651 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Fingerprint identification has become the most widespread manner to implement biometric authentication~\cite{Maltoni2009}, by virtue of the desirable properties of fingerprints including uniqueness, universality and invariability. Given a database of template fingerprints, the ... |
3,212,635,540,652 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Generic models such as the Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) model conceived by Kermack and McKendrik \cite{Kermack:1927cy} are indispensable for characterizing the bulk properties of epidemics and determining the influence of crucial parameters on the dynamics. The contact rate between individ... |
3,212,635,540,653 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let \ $\N$, $\Z$, $\R$ \ denote the set of positive integers, all
integers and real numbers respectively.
Let \ $m\in\N$, \ $k\in\Z$. \
We consider asymptotic properties of solutions of difference
equations of the form
\begin{equation}\label{E}\tag{E}
\Delta^m(x_n+u_nx_{n+k})=a_nf(n... |
3,212,635,540,654 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
Over 50\% of the world's population live in cities~\cite{UN2018}. This trend which is expected to be on the increase for the foreseeable future will inadvertently create challenges for the infrastructure, economy and environment of cities~\cite{UN2018,akande2019lisbon}. In l... |
3,212,635,540,655 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies and subsequent applications are remarkably increasing continuously, providing solutions in several areas like in industry, healthcare, agriculture, etc. This rapid proliferation has at the same time created challenges related to performance, security and priv... |
3,212,635,540,656 | arxiv | \section*{Funding Information}
\textbf{Funding.} Russian Foundation for Basic Research (16-02-00762) and Government of Russian Federation, Grant 074-U01; I.B. thanks German Research Foundation (DFG) (project BA 4156/4-1); Nieders. Vorab (project ZN3061).
|
3,212,635,540,657 | arxiv |
\section*{Acknowledgements}
\bibliographystyle{utphys}
|
3,212,635,540,658 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Suspensions of particles with hard-core repulsive interactions form equilibrium phases that minimize the systems' free energy by maximizing their entropy. Since entropy is conventionally associated with disorder, it might be expected that hard-particle fluids form structures that lack long-range... |
3,212,635,540,659 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Laplace-Beltrami operator $\Delta_g$, defined on $C^{\infty}_0(M)$, of a noncompact complete Riemannian manifold $(M, g)$ is essentially self-adjoint on $L^2(M, v_g)$; the analytic structures of its self-adjoint extension, denoted also by $\Delta_g$, and the geometries of $(M, g)$ are clos... |
3,212,635,540,660 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{Int}
Since its inception, the ether has proved a troubled notion which,
contrary to common belief, still haunts physics at the turn of a
new century. What can one learn from the history of this ether and
in what sense is it still of utmost concern to physics?
The need for an ether as a ma... |
3,212,635,540,661 | arxiv |
\section*{Supplementary Material}
\subsubsection*{$^{9}$Be$^{+}$ Spin-1/2, Control, and Detection}
Reference \cite{Biercuk2009} and the supplementary material to \cite{Britton2012}
give detailed descriptions of our spin initialization, control, and
measurement capabilities with planar ion arrays in Penning traps.
We... |
3,212,635,540,662 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
Throughout this paper $M$ will be a closed smooth spin $7$-manifold and
all homeomorphisms and diffeomorphisms are assumed to preserve spin structures,
unless otherwise stated.
We shall present a smooth classification of $2$-connected spin $7$-manifolds.
This requires a... |
3,212,635,540,663 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\hspace*{.5cm}
Although there is no precise definition of the quntum chaos, but the statistical properties of the energy level
spectra is often used to characterize level fluctuation in quantum systems. It is an well established fact that for the classically
integrable systems the energy levels... |
3,212,635,540,664 | arxiv | \section{The neutrino as a new high-energy messenger}
The advantage of using neutrinos as new messengers lies firstly on their weak interaction cross-section ;
unlike protons ($E_{\textrm{{\tiny cut-off}}}\sim 5\times 10^{19}$eV, $l_{\textrm{{\tiny free path}}}\sim 50$ Mpc) or $\gamma$ ($E_{\textrm{{\tiny cut-off}}}\... |
3,212,635,540,665 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec.intro}
The vast majority of cellular functions are exerted by (combinations
of) interacting gene products. As a result, "preservation of
functionality" among proteins and other gene products typically
implies "preservation of interactions" across species. It is well
established that... |
3,212,635,540,666 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sect:intro}
The clustering of galaxies on different scales
is a key observational tool in the quest to explain the current accelerating expansion of the Universe
\citep{Percival:2007yw, Guzzo, betal2010, betal2011,BOSS,DES,Schlegel2009,Laureijs, LSST,
Green}. The accelerating expansio... |
3,212,635,540,667 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
\noindent Hard exudate is one of the most significant manifestation of diabetic retinopathy (DR) \cite{klein1987wisconsin}. Automated and accurate segmentation of hard exudate in colour fundus images has several potential applications in clinical such as large-scale automated DR scre... |
3,212,635,540,668 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the fundamental problems in learning sequential video data is to find semantic structures underlying sequences for better representation learning.
As most semantic flows cannot be modeled with simple temporal inductive biases, i.e., Markov dependencies, it is crucial to find the complex ... |
3,212,635,540,669 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper is concerned with the interior $C^{1,1}$-regularity theory for the Bellman equation with constant coefficients. We are motivated by \cite{MR1211724}, in which interior $C^{0,1}$-regularity result was obtained.
We consider the time-homogeneous stochastic optimal control problem in a... |
3,212,635,540,670 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Over the last few years, there have been measurements of several
observables in the $B$ meson sector which exhibit deviations from their
standard model (SM) predictions. These tensions with the SM are at the level of 2-4 $\sigma$ and can be considered as signatures of possible physics beyon... |
3,212,635,540,671 | arxiv | \chapter{Lecture One}
In this lecture we begin with a very brief introduction to the
subject, followed by some recollections about the Jones polynomial. We
then define the main object of interest: the Khovanov complex of an
oriented link diagram.
\section{What is it all about?}
Given an oriented link {\em diagram}, $D... |
3,212,635,540,672 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Identifying jets containing bottom and charm hadrons and separating them from jets that originate from lighter quarks, is a critical task in the LHC physics program, referred to as "flavor tagging". Bottom and charm jets are characterized by the presence of secondary decays "inside" the jet - th... |
3,212,635,540,673 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec_intro}
Nowadays, the devices used in many high-sensitivity applications
reached such a level of miniaturization, that the wavelength of the
quantum quasiparticles used in their modeling is comparable to the
dimensions of the device. The examples we are most familiar with are
the u... |
3,212,635,540,674 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Silicon is mostly locked in SiS, SiO and SiC$_{2}$ in the circumstellar envelope (CSE) of the carbon-rich star IRC+10216, as evidenced observationally and predicted by models \citep{olo82,luc95,agu12}.
These molecules are efficiently formed in the gas phase, close to the stellar ... |
3,212,635,540,675 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The begining of this year marked the discovery of a new and very unusual family of high temperature superconductors: the iron pnictides. Superconductivity at 26 K was discovered in fluorine doped rare-earth iron oxypnictide LaOFeAs \cite{Hosono1, Hosono2}. In subsequent experimental studies invo... |
3,212,635,540,676 | arxiv | \section{}
The quantum theory and experiments have approved that vacuum can be
polarized. The vacuum polarization can be used to interpret the
gravitation \cite{Dicke1957,Puthoff2002,Puthoff2005}, which reaches
an insightful description of the vacuum around the gravitational
matter with changeable permittivity $... |
3,212,635,540,677 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Third generation synchrotron radiation sources and, in the near future, free-electron lasers are boosting a panoply of x-ray scattering techniques: high resolution diffraction, coherent scattering and holographic imaging, small angle scattering, resonant and non-resonant inelastic scattering. Ch... |
3,212,635,540,678 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
\noindent The last decade has seen a remarkable revival of interest in
phenomenological theories having extra spacetime dimensions -- an idea
which goes all the way back \cite{ORaf} to N\o rdstrom (1914), Kaluza
(1919) and Klein (1926). Today we have a number of such models, whic... |
3,212,635,540,679 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
The communication and radar systems have been developed individually so far since their performance metrics are different. The communication systems try to enable high data rates with good quality of service (QoS) while the radar systems focus on target detection and range/velocity e... |
3,212,635,540,680 | arxiv | \section{\@startsection{section}{1}%
\z@{.7\linespacing\@plus\linespacing}{.5\linespacing}%
{\bfserie
\centering
}}
\def\@secnumfont{\bfseries}
\makeatother
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0.5in}
\setlength{\topmargin}{-0.3in}
\setlength{\textwidth}{5.2in}
\setlength{\textheight}{8.9in}
... |
3,212,635,540,681 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the most important problem of solar-terrestrial physics is the
investigation of coronal plasma~--- the determination
of physical parameters of electron
density irregularities and their spatial-temporal structure. The
method of radio sounding is widely applied for investig... |
3,212,635,540,682 | arxiv | \chapter{Equilibrium}
\label{Ch1}
\chaptermark{\ifodd\thepage
Equilibrium\hfill\else\hfill
Equilibrium\fi}
\kern2.3cm
\defCitations index{Many particles systems: kinematics, timing}
\section{Citations index}
\label{sec:I-1}\iniz
\lhead{\small\ref{sec:I-1}.\ Citations index}
Mechanical systems in interaction with the... |
3,212,635,540,683 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The system SY Phe (= HD 9283 = HIP 7024) was discovered as a variable by \cite{Hoff1949}. Later,
\cite{1958VeSon...3..333H} noted that the Algol-type curve is of BO~Cep-type, and the additional
variability is discussed. The Hipparcos satellite \citep{HIP} reveals two clearly-shaped eclipses
and ... |
3,212,635,540,684 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Who is thy neighbor? The question is universal and old as the Bible. In computer vision, images are typically converted into a
high-dimensional vector known as image descriptors. \emph{Neigborness} of images is defined as distances between their respective descriptors.
This approach has had m... |
3,212,635,540,685 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this work we are concerned with the theory of generalized Ulrich modules (over Cohen-Macaulay local rings) by Goto et al.\,\cite{goto2014}, which widely extended the classical study of maximally generated maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules -- or {\it Ulrich modules}, as coined in \cite{H-K} -- i... |
3,212,635,540,686 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the new advancements in solar cell technology and the
rapid expansion of space missions, understanding the key aspects
which link the macroscopic response of solar cells
of current and future spacecraft to the fundamental processes of particle
stopping inside the target has acquired new rel... |
3,212,635,540,687 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There is a huge demand on seafood owing to the increasing population (\citet{duarte2009will} and \citet{golden2016nutrition}). Simultaneously, there is a need to save the endangered species in the ocean due to global warming and ocean acidification (\citet{mccormick2013ocean}). Both can be made ... |
3,212,635,540,688 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
A key problem in the hardware implementation of massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) systems is the centralization of processing tasks at the base station (BS) \cite{Sanchez2020,Shepard2012}. Such an approach is limited by a tremendous amount of information that must b... |
2,121,713,844,224 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Phylogeography can be considered the nexus between classical population genetics, phylogenetics and historical biogeography, with much conceptual and analytical overlap with all three, but particularly with population genetics. Phylogeography was born from the integration of population genetics ... |
2,121,713,844,225 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The approximation of non-linear, time-dependent partial differential equations (PDE), independently on the actual numerical scheme used to discretise the equations and the domain, results in sequences of large and possibly non-symmetric linear systems, deriving from the ... |
2,121,713,844,226 | arxiv | \chapter{Einleitung}
\label{intro}
In der Magnetresonanztomographie ist die transversale Relaxation unter anderem von mikroskopischen Eigenschaften des untersuchten Gewebes abhängig. Dieser Effekt wird beispielsweise bei Signalveränderungen aufgrund von Eisenablagerungen bei neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen \cite{Sedl... |
2,121,713,844,227 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Natural language video localization (NLVL) as a typical task in the vision-language understanding area has gained increasing research interest in recent years driven by various applications in practice, e.g., crime detection\cite{c:crime}, video surveillance\cite{c:surveillance}... |
2,121,713,844,228 | arxiv | \section*{Supplemental material}
\noindent{\bf Additional notations:} $\va_i = (a_1,\dots,a_{i-1},a_{i+1},\dots,a_N)$ denotes a tuple with the $i$-th element removed from $\va = (a_1,\dots,a_N)$. $\mathbf{A} = \{\va\}_\va$ denotes the set of all possible vectors $\va$, and, similarly, $\mathbf{X} = \{\mathbf{x}\}_\... |
2,121,713,844,229 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Given a normal faithful state on von Neumann algebra $\mathcal{A}$ and a group $G$ of normal $*$-automorphisms of $\mathcal{A}$, we say that $\varphi$ is $G$--invariant if
\begin{equation}\label{inv}
\varphi(g(a))=\varphi(a),\quad \forall g\in G,\;\;a\in\mathcal{A}
\end{equation}
This clas... |
2,121,713,844,230 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Motivation}
Incremental stability, also termed as contraction in the
literature, is concerned with the
attractive behaviour of any pairs of trajectories of
a system. This notion dates back to the 1950s and
1960s, known as extreme stability, which was introduced to study the
stability of peri... |
2,121,713,844,231 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
\blfootnote{ {\color{blue} $\star$} {E-mail: jz2192@bath.ac.uk}}
The structure of galaxies encodes an imprint of their formation histories. For most of its century-old history \citep{Hubble1926}, the study of galaxy structure has focussed on morphologies inferred from project... |
2,121,713,844,232 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been proved to effectively solve various challenging tasks in graph embedding fields, such as node classification~\citep{kipf2016semi}, graph classification~\citep{xu2018powerful}, and link prediction~\citep{schlichtkrull2018modeling}, which have been extensivel... |
2,121,713,844,233 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Strictly speaking, the $S$-matrix in quantum field theory is defined only by using wave packets; see any textbook, e.g., Ref.~\cite{Peskin:1995ev,Weinberg:1995mt}. The derivation of a physical quantity, such as a decay rate, in terms of plane waves is \emph{``actually more a mnemonic than a deriv... |
2,121,713,844,234 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) facilitates the simultaneous data transmission to multiple users over the same radio resource by allocating power domain multiplexing [1]. NOMA achieved a great interest in industrial and academic level due to high spectral efficiency and serve a significant ... |
2,121,713,844,235 | arxiv | \section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{-3.5ex plus-1ex minus
\ifx\ifisarxiv\undefined
\csname newif\expandafter\endcsname \csname ifisarxiv\endcsname
\fi
\isarxivtrue
\renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
{-1.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
... |
2,121,713,844,236 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The LHC has seen an indication of a diphoton resonance at 750 GeV in the CMS \cite{CMS:2015dxe,CMS-PAS-EXO-16-018,Moriond-CMS} and ATLAS \cite{ATLAS-diphoton,Moriond-ATLAS,ATLAS-CONF-2016-018} experiments. Many potential classes of new physics explanations have been catalogued... |
2,121,713,844,237 | arxiv | \section{\label{appA}Braiding Calculation for Fermionic $\mathbb{Z}_4$ topological order}
In the main text, we presented a local Bosonic operator which makes $\boldsymbol{e}$ anyon propagates. In terms of Bosonic operator, effect of that operator is given by the followings.
\begin{eqnarray}\label{Bosonic operator}
\Big... |
2,121,713,844,238 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Background and Motivation}
Heterogeneous cellular networks are a key building block of present fourth and future fifth generation cellular networks~\cite{Andrews2014}. A key characteristic of heterogeneous cellular networks is the irregular and dense deployment of macro and small cel... |
2,121,713,844,239 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\emptycomment{
Left-symmetric algebras (also called pre-Lie algebras, quasi-associative algebras, Vinberg
algebras and so on) are a class of nonassociative algebras that appear in many fields in
mathematics and mathematical physics, such as
in the study of convex homogeneous cones \cite{V... |
2,121,713,844,240 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Star Formation is understood as the gravitational collapse of a cool, dense molecular cloud of hydrogen. However, we do not have a very clear understanding of the details of this process, of how young stars are spatially distributed, how mass get distributed and what are the formation processes... |
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