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2,121,713,844,241 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Numerous problems in nature can be formulated in terms of mean escape time
of Brownian particles in the presence of small traps. This is often referred
to as the mean first passage time (MFPT) or the narrow escape problem, and
there is a large and growing literature on the subject; see for... |
2,121,713,844,242 | arxiv | \section{Section title}
Coupling dissipation to quantum systems has interesting
consequences. Quite generally, dissipation suppresses quantum
fluctuations. This is evident at the level of a single macroscopic
quantum `particle' whose tunnelling probability out of a
metastable state is suppressed by dissipation \cite{Ca... |
2,121,713,844,243 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
From last 400 years of sunspot observations,
we know that the solar cycle is irregular.
The individual cycle strength and duration vary cycle-to-cycle.
The extreme example of this irregularity is the Maunder minimum in the 17th century when sunspot cycle went to a very low value.
We now... |
2,121,713,844,244 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\noindent \emph{Causal Graph Dynamics} have been introduced in \cite{ArrighiCGD,ArrighiCayley} as a generalization of cellular automata on arbitrary graphs.
Basically, causal graph dynamics are graphs transformations that capture the notion of causality (bounded speed of information) and homo... |
2,121,713,844,245 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A Fabry-P\'erot interferometer, or etalon, is comprised of two reflecting plates
working in a collimated beam. For a specific incidence angle of incoming light,
the etalon transmits light of wavelength $\lambda$ in a circular pattern of radius $r$
around the optical centre. The range of wavelen... |
2,121,713,844,246 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Akers and Krishnamurthy~\cite{AK89} proposed the pancake
and the star as alternatives to the hypercube for interconnecting
processors in parallel computers. These networks have some nice
properties: edge and vertex symmetry (strong symmetry), small
degree and diameter, extensibility, high con... |
2,121,713,844,247 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In an earlier letter, we described calculations of the one-loop
radiative corrections to the energy-momentum tensor of a charged
spinless or spin 1/2 particle of mass $m$ and focused on the
nonanalytic component of such results\cite{gar}. This is because
such nonanalytic pieces involve terms w... |
2,121,713,844,248 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The detections of gravitational waves emitted by inspiralling compact binaries is a first step towards a better comprehension of gravitational physics~\cite{Barack:2018yly}. In the future, the next generation of high precision experiments will allow a better understanding of the... |
2,121,713,844,249 | arxiv |
\section{Implementation details}
In our implementation, we use $d_{txt} = 512$ as the dimensionality of the textual vectors (such as $h_s$, $q$, and $c_t$), and $d_{ctx} = 512$ as the dimensionality of the context features $x^{ctx}_i$ of each entity $i$.
On the GQA dataset, we first reduce the dimensionality of the ... |
2,121,713,844,250 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
The rapid growth of digital data, especially images, brings many challenges to the problem of similarity search. A complete linear scan of all the images in such massive databases is computationally expensive, especially when the database contains millions (or billions) ... |
2,121,713,844,251 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
The notion of {\it pictures} was introduced by James and Peel
\cite{JP} and Zelevinsky \cite{Z}. In \cite{NS}, Nakashima and
Shimojo considered the notion of {\it admissible pictures} and
showed that there exists a natural bijection between the set of
admissible pictures and the set of
$... |
2,121,713,844,252 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:1}
The production of heavy quarks in hadronic collisions is an important probe
for various aspects of QCD. In proton-proton collisions, this process is
perturbatively calculable down to low transverse momenta ($p_T$) due to the
presence of the heavy-quark mass $m$. Calculations can th... |
2,121,713,844,253 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The nuclear level scheme of the Thorium-229 isotope is expected to feature a long-lived isomer state, $^{229m}$Th, extremely close to the nuclear ground state. The most recent value for the isomer energy $E_{\mathrm{is}}$, $7.8 \pm 0.5$\,eV, obtained from indirect measurements ... |
2,121,713,844,254 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Quantum backflow is a fascinating quantum interference effect
consisting in a negative current density for quantum wave packets without negative momentum components \cite{allcock}. It reflects a fundamental point about quantum measurements of velocity: usual measurements of momentum (velocity) ... |
2,121,713,844,255 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Summary}
The study of dynamical critical phenomena associated with the
pinning-depinning transition in random media has become a subject of
considerable interest in recent years. This is due to the importance
of pinning in a wide variety of technologically important phenomena
such as flux... |
2,121,713,844,256 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the key probes of the AdS/CFT correspondence \cite{Maldacena:1997re,Gubser:1998bc,Witten:1998qj}
is the boundary theory conformal anomaly which is closely related to the simplest correlators of the stress tensor
\cite{Liu:1998bu, Henningson:1998gx, Blau:1999vz}.
In the case of the ... |
2,121,713,844,257 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The physical vacuum is a complicated condensed matter
\cite{Hu,Wilczek,Jegerlehner,Jackiw}.
At the moment we know only the low-energy properties of this substance,
i.e. the properties at
energies much smaller than the Planck energy scale, $E\ll E_{\rm
P}=\sqrt{\hbar c^5/G}$, where
$G$ is Newton'... |
2,121,713,844,258 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The relation extraction (RE) task can be defined as follows: given a sentence $S$ with a pair of nominals $e_1$ and $e_2$, we aim to identify the relationship between $e_1$ and $e_2$. RE is typically investigated in a classification style, where many features have been proposed, e.g., \newcite{he... |
2,121,713,844,259 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A major theme in the theory of dynamical systems is the study of the distribution of periodic orbits.
This is particularly well-developed for hyperbolic systems, where one finds precise asymptotics and equidistribution results. Here, equidistribution can refer to spatial results, where averages
o... |
2,121,713,844,260 | arxiv | \section{}
\section{Introduction}
Topology has perpetually been playing a prominent role in physics, providing understanding of an increasing number of phenomena by relating them to rigorous mathematical insights. Following the discovery of the integer and fractional quantum Hall effects \cite{Klitzing80,Tsui82,Laughl... |
2,121,713,844,261 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cells of all types move under the influence of chemical signals in order to participate in important biological functions \cite{Parent1999} . To do this cells have developed special sensors which bind to particular molecules which make up an external signal. Small cells commonly employ a integra... |
2,121,713,844,262 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\nolinenumbers In recent years, the use of social media has increased and brought a lot of advantages for the society, as virtual human interactions that enables people from anywhere to connect with anyone \cite{leite2020toxic}. Nevertheless, society has also been affected in negative ways, such... |
2,121,713,844,263 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Topologically ordered states of matter can be characterized by topological invariants. In the bulk of a two dimensional topologically ordered system, their non-trivial values can imply that the vortex or quasiparticle excitations exhibit anyonic statistics. Of particular interest are the so call... |
2,121,713,844,264 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1993, Betke, Henk, and Wills \cite{BHW} conjectured that the lattice-point enumerator of $\ensuremath{\boldsymbol}{0}$-symmetric convex bodies accepts a similar
upper bound as its volume, which is described by Minkowski's second theorem on successive minima, namely
\begin{equation}\label{BHW... |
2,121,713,844,265 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In a multi-tasking system, mutual exclusion for the accesses to shared
resources, e.g., data structures, files, etc., has to be guaranteed to
ensure the correctness of these operations. Such accesses to shared
resources are typically done within the so-called \emph{critical
s... |
2,121,713,844,266 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, the coupling between elastic and magnetic degrees of freedom in magnetostrictive materials has gained renewed interest due to emerging nanoscale spintronic applications, such as magnetic memory cells \cite{kent_new_2015,Kawahara2012,Klimov17,Chen19}, logic devices \cite{Verba19,... |
2,121,713,844,267 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
DRAM is the ubiquitous technology employed for main memory across computing systems. System components interact with DRAM via DRAM commands. These commands trigger a set of internal DRAM circuit signals that control different DRAM components in a timely manner to achieve a specific functional... |
2,121,713,844,268 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In oncology CT and MR images are used in clinical care and clinical trials to assess the effect of treament on the size of lesions over time. In clinical trials of solid lesion indications, lesion size is assessed according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) \cite{eisenh... |
2,121,713,844,269 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Several hierarchical models for the evolution of the MBH and AGN populations \citep[see,e.g.,][]{haehnelt1993, haiman2000, hatziminaoglou2001, wyithe2003, Cattaneo1999, kauffmann2000, cavaliere2000, VMH, Granatoetal, lapi2006}
have proved successful in reproducing
the AGN optical luminosity f... |
2,121,713,844,270 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
MB was partially supported by Funda\c c\~ao para a Ci\^encia e a Tecnologia, SFRH/BPD/
20890/2004.
JR was partially supported by Funda\c c\~ao para a Ci\^encia e a Tecnologia through the Program FCT-POCTI/MAT/61237/2004.
|
2,121,713,844,271 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
It is generally difficult to relate the regularity of a real or complex-valued function $f$ defined on an open set of $\mathbb{R}^n$ to regularity assumptions on some of its powers $f^p :x\mapsto (f(x))^p$ with $p\in \mathbb{N}$, $p\geq 2$. However, in 1982, H. Joris \cite{Jor} proved the foll... |
2,121,713,844,272 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Conformal symmetry is a powerful tool to constrain the correlators in two-dimensional CFT. It implies that four-point functions of primary fields on the sphere are given by (possibly infinite) sums of conformal blocks\footnote{We use the terms conformal and Virasoro block as synonymous.}, which a... |
2,121,713,844,273 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let us denote the class of all rational maps on $ \mathbb{C_{\infty}} $ by $ \mathscr{R} $ and class of all transcendental entire maps on $ \mathbb{C} $ by $ \mathscr{E} $.
Our particular interest is to study of dynamics of the families of above two classes of complex analytic (holomorphic) map... |
2,121,713,844,274 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Innovations in Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) have enabled generation of DNA sequence data at an enormous rate and very low cost. This is best exemplified by Illumina sequencers; a single Illumina NovaSeq 6000 can generate nearly 6 Terabases of data in a 44-hour run, sequenc... |
2,121,713,844,275 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
{\bf 1}. It is known that nontrivial homological characteristics
of a space can
be expressed in terms of linear algebra, if the space is
an affine space with an arrangement of hyperplanes. An
example is the description by Arnold, Brieskorn, Orlik and Solomon of
the cohomology groups of the co... |
2,121,713,844,276 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Generation of nonclassical states of light has been a subject of interest for many years \cite{vogel1993,parkins1993,parkins1995,brune1996}. In particular, the preparation of coherent-state superpositions \cite{yurke1986,schleich1991} have attracted special attention \cite{ourjoumtsev2006,neerga... |
2,121,713,844,277 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Developing effective collaborations in a multiagent system (MAS), when there are more than one learning agents, is a challenging problem. Modeling the joint action for all agents enables single agent reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms to be applied to MAS directly, however, the joint action s... |
2,121,713,844,278 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recall that Leibniz algebras are a generalization of Lie algebras \cite{LoPi,Lod}.
Active investigations on Leibniz algebra theory show that many results of the theory of Lie algebras can be extended to Leibniz algebras.
From the theory of Lie algebras it is well known that the study of finite... |
2,121,713,844,279 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
{The study of photonic topological insulators has received} considerable interest due in part to their remarkable mode propagation properties {and special connection to} {underlying topology}.
In photonic systems, breaking time-reversal symmetry has been shown to support topologica... |
2,121,713,844,280 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider the hyperelliptic curve with affine model
\begin{equation}\label{eqn:hyper}
C: Y^2=a_n X^n+a_{n-1}X^{n-1}+\cdots+a_0,
\end{equation}
with $a_0,\dotsc,a_n$ rational integers, $a_n \neq 0$, $n \geq 5$,
and the polynomial on the right irreducible.
Let $H=\max \{\lvert a_0 \rvert, \ldots , ... |
2,121,713,844,281 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
At the present time, enormous quantity of data is available for producing essential information. In medical, education, banking, business etc. institute can get beneficiary through the acquired information. For any civilization education treat as a backbone. The role for an educational institut... |
2,121,713,844,282 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
The computation of the stable homotopy groups of the sphere, which, by the Pontrjagin-Thom construction, can be interpreted as the bordism groups of framed manifolds, is one of the most fundamental problems in pure mathematics, and the Adams-Novikov spectral sequence (ANSS) serves as a powerful... |
2,121,713,844,283 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Memory has been often associated solely with the property of persistence, that is the ability to retain and retrieve information with the passage of time. Another equally important characteristic of memory however, is transience, or in other words, the ability to forget and discard information ... |
2,121,713,844,284 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The success of deep learning models, primarily in the form of CNNs, has fuelled research into custom hardware accelerators tuned for specific models. A popular type of platform for these accelerators are FPGAs, as their versatility and range of sizes suit a variety of applications. Many toolflows... |
2,121,713,844,285 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Single Majorana bound states (MBSs) at zero energy form at each end points of certain one-dimensional (1D) topological superconductors.\cite{kitaev2001unpaired,hasan2010colloquium,qi2011topological}
A MBS quasiparticle is its own antiparticle, and only by combining two MBSs one electronic degree ... |
2,121,713,844,286 | arxiv |
\section{Edge connectivity}
\labelsection{edge-connectivity}
\labelsection{edge-overview}
In this section, we prove the main theorem for edge connectivity,
\reftheorem{main}. To this end, we will first introduce the main key
lemma, called the \emph{Rooted Sparsification Lemma}, in
\refsection{overview-sparsification... |
2,121,713,844,287 | arxiv | \section{Introduction: Transport Coefficients}
Transport coefficients are quantities that describe how the system tends to equilibrium when an external
perturbation has been applied to it. This perturbation produces a gradient of some hydrodynamical
field (pressure, temperature, velocity...) followed by a respons... |
2,121,713,844,288 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The topic of this paper arises naturally in the context of affine Springer
fibers, which we now take a moment to discuss. Let $G$ be a semisimple
complex algebraic group, and let $\mathfrak g$ denote its Lie algebra. We
then have the affine Grassmannian $X=G(F)/G(\mathcal O)$, where $\mathcal O$
... |
2,121,713,844,289 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Let $K$ be a number field with ring of integers $\mathcal{O}_K$ and let $G$ be a \mbox{finite group.} Let $\Omega_K$ denote the absolute Galois group of $K$ and let $\Omega_K$ act \mbox{trivially on $G$} (on the left). Then, the set of all isomorphism classes of $G$-Galois $K$-algeb... |
2,121,713,844,290 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Deuterated species are useful tracers of the cold ($T \sim 10\, \rm K$) and dense ($n_{\rm H} \sim 10^4 - 10^6 \, \rm cm^{-3}$) interiors of starless cores, where otherwise abundant neutral species, such as CO, are depleted onto grain surfaces. After depletion occurs, deuterium chemistry initiat... |
2,121,713,844,291 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The renormalization group approach is one of the most effective methods of quantum field theory.
The most studied in the framework of this approach is the model $\varphi^4$. On the one hand, this model describes the second order phase transition for different systems \cite{vasiliev,Zinn,phi47}, o... |
2,121,713,844,292 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In spite of the convincing arguments that led us to expect the presence of New Physics (NP) at the TeV scale, still no new particles beyond the Standard Model (SM) have been discovered at the LHC and the data on electroweak precision constraints and Higgs physics are in impressive agreement with... |
2,121,713,844,293 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The mechanism of particle acceleration and high-energy emission
processes in the pulsar magnetospheres
are one of the unresolved physics of the pulsar activities. The
particle acceleration process and resultant high-energy
$\gamma$-ray emission process have been discussed with the polar cap mo... |
2,121,713,844,294 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Grain boundaries (GBs) are defined by five macroscopic degrees of
freedom, describing the misorientation of the abutting crystallites
and the GB plane \cite{Priester2013}. At the atomic scale, GBs have
additional microscopic degrees of freedom \cite{Priester2013}, meaning
that a GB with a specif... |
2,121,713,844,295 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Variational and jump inequalities in harmonic analysis, probability, and ergodic theory have been studied extensively since \cite{MR1019960}, where a variational version of the Hardy--Littlewood maximal function was introduced. The purpose of this paper is to formulate ge... |
2,121,713,844,296 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The evolution and feedback control of an open quantum system which undergoes continuous-time measurements can be studied in the framework of quantum stochastic calculus and quantum probability theory. These essential mathematical tools have been introduced by Hudson and Parthasarathy \cite{hudson... |
2,121,713,844,297 | arxiv | \section{Detailed Calculations for the energy splitting}
The Hamiltonian of the topological superconducting wire is given by
\begin{equation}\label{MainEq}
H = \frac{1}{2}\int \mathrm{d}x \mathrm{d}x' \hat{\Phi}^{\dag}(x) \mathcal{H}(x,x')\hat{\Phi}(x') \;,
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{H}(x,x') = \de... |
2,121,713,844,298 | arxiv | \section*{Results}
\begin{figure}[!t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Final2.pdf}
\caption{\textbf{A computational light-field acquisition.} \textbf(a) Schematic principle of the reconstruction. The set of camera frames acquired with different patterns are used to extract signals. A single signal is obta... |
2,121,713,844,299 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The numerical solution of deterministic dynamical systems is an important task in many applications where the dynamical system is a spatiotemporal field that satisfies a partial differential equation (PDE). In this case, the field can be viewed as a function $u$ mapping to an i... |
2,121,713,844,300 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There is a surge of interest among theoretical physicists in Brans--Dicke
(BD) \cite{BD61} and scalar--tensor theories, motivated by the fact that
the association of scalar fields to the metric tensor seems unavoidable in
superstring theories \cite{GreenSchwarzWitten87}. In addition, the
scalar... |
2,121,713,844,301 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As $\varepsilon\to 0$, we study solutions to the Schr\"odinger equation
\begin{equation}\label{non-stat-eq}
i\frac{\partial\psi}{\partial t}=
-\frac{\partial^2\psi}{\partial x^2}+v(x,\varepsilon t) \psi.
\quad x>0,\qquad \left.\psi\right|_{x=0}=0.
\end{equation}
When $\varepsilon$ is small, on... |
2,121,713,844,302 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec-1}
The paradigm of ``Machine Unlearning'' \cite{bourtoule2019machine} has attracted much attention recently.
It has emerged from ``the right to be forgotten" \cite{voigt2017eu}, where individuals should be entitled to the right to have their private data removed from public directorie... |
2,121,713,844,303 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper continues the investigation of the existential fragment of \mbox{$L^{\omega}_{\infty\omega}$}\
from the point of view of finite model theory initiated in \cite{rnw} and
\cite{Rosen-diss}.
In particular, we further study an analog of universal structures, namely,
$k$-universal structur... |
2,121,713,844,304 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent
According to the present knowledge of physics, the ultimate constituents
of matter are \textit{quarks} and \textit{leptons}. Both of them are particles of spin
$1/2$ that interact by interchanging spin $1$ particles, namely
\textit{photons, gluons,} $W^+,~W^-$ and $Z^0$.
The existence ... |
2,121,713,844,305 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Feedback from massive young stars plays a crucial role in regulating
star formation and the properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) at
all scales \citep[e.g.,][]{2007ARA&A..45..565M,2014prpl.conf..243K}.
Stellar winds and ionizing+non-ionizing radiation from massive stars
profoundly affect t... |
2,121,713,844,306 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of open quantum system has been received enormous attention due to its ubiquitous application in developing quantum information devices \cite{1,2}, quantum computation, cryptography and reaction yields. These are based on two basic principle of quantum mechanics, i.e.,quantum entangle... |
2,121,713,844,307 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion and Future Works}
We propose a pipeline and a Bayesian framework using explanation feedback. The pipeline makes it possible for users to interact with a model after training to create explanation feedback (summarized in \Cref{fig:feedback_pipline}). The users create feedback based on the model'... |
2,121,713,844,308 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Let $\R$ be a real closed field and $S \subset \R^k$ a semi-algebraic set
defined by a Boolean formula with atoms of the form
$P > 0, P < 0, P=0$ for $P \in {\mathcal P} \subset \R[X_1,\ldots,X_k]$.
It is known \cite{O,OP,Milnor,Thom,B99,GV}
that the topological complexity of ... |
2,121,713,844,309 | arxiv |
\section{Comparison on a full-fledged OBDA solution}
\label{sec:aci}
While the use synthetic benchmarks can be a starting point
in order to understand the type of performance that
we can expect from a system, and allows to draw some
conclusions about the effectiveness of the adopted approach,
there is also the ... |
2,121,713,844,310 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
\author[Jiang et.~al.]{Kai Jiang\affil{1},
Jiajun Tong\affil{2}, and Pingwen Zhang\affil{3}\comma\corrauth}
\address{
\affilnum{1}\ School of Mathematics
and Computational Science, Xiangtan University, Hunan, P.R.
China, 411105.
\\
\affilnum{2}\ School of Mathematical Scien... |
2,121,713,844,311 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The pseudospin symmetry has been introduced in nuclear physics many years ago \cite{ari}-\cite{hecht}, in order to account for the degeneracies of orbitals in single-particle spectra. It is known that the spin and pseudospin symmetries correspond to SU($2$) symmetries of a Dirac Hamiltonian wi... |
2,121,713,844,312 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
We are grateful to members of staff at the Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, CRANN, Trinity College Dublin for their continued technical support. We thank C. P. Cullen and S. Callaghan for fruitful discussions regarding XPS. The work at the School of Physics and the Centre for Research on Ada... |
2,121,713,844,313 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
It has been proposed in \cite{mal} that
the large $N$ limit of super conformal field theories (SCFT)
can be described by taking the
supergravity limit of the superstring compactified on anti-de Sitter
(AdS) space.
The correlation functions of SCFT having
the AdS bo... |
2,121,713,844,314 | arxiv |
\subsection{Hyperparameters}
\label{appendix:hyperparameter}
Our experimental results are based on the hyper-parameters in Table~\ref{tab:hyperparameter}.
\begin{table}[ht]
\centering
\caption{Hyperparameters for our experimental results}
\begin{tabular}{||c|c||}
\hline
hyperparameters & value \\
\hline\hline
... |
2,121,713,844,315 | arxiv | \section{H.E.S.S. observations and analysis}
The data used for the analysis described here were taken with High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) between 2004 and 2011, amounting to an acceptance-corrected livetime of 72 hours. The events were reconstructed using a Hillas parameter technique \cite{hillas}. The re... |
2,121,713,844,316 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Since long ago, it has been known that there is a correspondence between high energy QCD and statistical physics \cite{Munier_2009}. Of particular
importance was the discovery \cite{Munier:2003vc,Munier:2004xu,Marquet:2005ic} that at very large rapidities, $Y=\ln(1/x)$,
the lea... |
2,121,713,844,317 | arxiv | \section{Introduction: ANEC and ETH}
Kovtun, Son, and Starinets conjectured a lower bound on shear viscosity, suggesting that fundamental principles of quantum statistical mechanics could usefully constrain the dynamics of strongly interacting, non-quasiparticle systems \cite{Kovtun:2004de}. The recent proof of a bou... |
2,121,713,844,318 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Deep learning has led to remarkable performance gains on a number of tasks, \textit{i.e.} image classification, speech recognition, and language processing.
Nevertheless, recent literature has demonstrated that adversarial examples broadly exist for deep neural networks in these a... |
2,121,713,844,319 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The ability to synchronize remote clocks plays an important role in our
infrastructure, from maintaining coherence in the electrical grid, to allowing
precise positioning and navigation, high speed trading, and distributed data processing.
However, many of the techniques to establish and maintain... |
2,121,713,844,320 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Reaction diffusion systems in their simplest form with diffusion and annihilation of particles
have been studied over the years \cite{privman, ligget, krapivsky,odor}. These are nonequilibrium systems
of diffusing particles undergoing
certain reactions. Depending on the nature of
the proble... |
2,121,713,844,321 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Introduction}Introduction}
This is the first of three papers dealing with issues of the pion-nucleon ($\pi N$) interaction at low energies (pion laboratory kinetic energy $T \leq 100$ MeV). The goal in this study
is to update part of the material given in our previous phase-shift analysis (PSA)... |
2,121,713,844,322 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
The Invariant Subspace Problem is concerned with the existence of non-trivial, closed, invariant subspaces for a bounded operator acting on an separable, infinite-dimensional Banach space $X$. The existence of such subspaces for compact operators was proved by von Neumann (unpubli... |
2,121,713,844,323 | arxiv | \section{Background and Notation}
\label{sec:intro}
Bayesian Networks \cite[BNs;][]{pearl} are a class of graphical models in which
the nodes of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) $\mathcal{G}$ represent a set $\mathbf{X} = \{X_1,
\ldots, X_N\}$ of random variables describing some quantities of interest. The
arcs connecti... |
2,121,713,844,324 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Dilatometry is a powerful technique for exploring the thermodynamic properties of solids. Measurements of the volume expansion coefficient, $\beta$ = ($\partial$ln$V$/$\partial T$)$_{P}$ ($V$ is the sample volume), or, when single-crystalline material is available, the uniaxial expansion coeffic... |
2,121,713,844,325 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have shown incredible abilities to learn node or graph representations and achieved superior performances for various downstream tasks, such as node classifications~\citep{kipf2016semi, velivckovic2017graph, hamilton2017inductive}, graph classificati... |
2,121,713,844,326 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $n \geq 1$. The half-liberated real sphere $S_{\mathbb R, *}^{n-1}$ was defined by Banica and Goswami \cite{bago} as the quantum space corresponding to the $C^*$-algebra
$$C(S_{\mathbb R, *}^{n-1})= C^*\left(v_1, \ldots , v_n \ | \ \sum_{i=1}^nv_i^2=1, \ v_i^*=v_i, \ v_iv_jv_k=v_kv_jv_i, \ 1... |
2,121,713,844,327 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Oligonucleotides are rapidly emerging as competitive and highly efficient alternatives to traditional therapeutics and are increasingly employed in a growing array of biotechnological applications \cite{rossi2017, ellington2010, zu2014, giangrande2010}. These include, but not limited to next-gene... |
2,121,713,844,328 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Cobordism was explicitly introduced by Lev Pontryagin in geometric work on manifolds.
In the early 1950's Ren\'{e} Thom showed that cobordism groups could be computed by
results of homotopy theory. In \cite{Tho} Thom showed that the cobordism classes
of $G$-manifolds, for a Lie group... |
2,121,713,844,329 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There has been great interest in understanding the packings of hard (\emph{i.e.}
nonoverlapping) particles because they serve as useful models for a
variety of many-particle systems arising in the physical and biological
systems, such as liquids
\cite{Hansen1986,Chaikin2000}, glasses
\cite{Zall... |
2,121,713,844,330 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The atomically thick layer of carbon atoms with a honeycomb lattice structure - known as graphene - still keeps attracting considerable deal of attention due to its potential use in electronics. Graphene presents several exotic physical properties, such as the quantum spin Hall effect (QSHE) \cit... |
2,121,713,844,331 | arxiv | \section{Conclusions and perspectives}
\label{sec:conclusions}
\subsubsection*{Daimons for empty boxes}
Our gluability\xspace criterion (\Cref{thm:characterization}) solves the inverse Taylor expansion problem in an ``asymmetric'' way: we characterize the sets of $\ensuremath{\SystemFont{Di}\LL}\xspace_0$ proof-struc... |
2,121,713,844,332 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Our current theoretical model for Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) associates the energy emitted by these objects with mass accretion onto a supermassive black hole \citep{lynden-bell69}.
The black hole mass is an essential parameter to understand the growth of black holes and their impact on the sur... |
2,121,713,844,333 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Very recently Ho\v{r}ava proposed a new quantum gravity theory which
is improved in renomalizability in
UV~\cite{Horava:2009uw,Horava:2008ih}. This theory treats space and
time on an unequal footing, and the theory becomes nonrelativistic.
This Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz theory attracted much attention ... |
2,121,713,844,334 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}~~
The study of the chiral critical point (CP) in the phase diagram of
hot and dense quark matter is one of the central issues in Quantum
Choromodynamics (QCD)~\cite{Fukushima:2010bq}.
While, it is widely accepted that the QCD
phase transitions concerning chiral symmetry restoration and color ... |
2,121,713,844,335 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Typically, the dynamics of time-periodically driven systems is solved by
means of Floquet's theorem.\cite{milena,chu} A standard approach
consists in performing a Fourier mode expansion of the eigenstates and then deal
with the corresponding infinite dimensional eigenvalue
problem by means o... |
2,121,713,844,336 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Soit $C$ une courbe projective lisse de genre $g\geq 2$ d\'efinie sur un corps de nombres $K$. La conjecture de Mordell, qui est depuis 1983 un th\'eor\`eme c\'el\`ebre de Faltings \cite{Falt}, donne la finitude de l'ensemble des points $K$-rationnels $C(K)$. Une question naturelle a alors \'eme... |
2,121,713,844,337 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We discuss in this paper the notion of so-called \emph{pseudo-evolutionary differential equations}, which we define as equations of the Cauchy type,
\begin{equation}\label{eq:PEO}
\hat{D}_t F(x,t)=\alpha \;\hat{O}_x\,F(x,t)\,\qquad F(x,0)=f(x)\,.
\end{equation}
Here, $\hat D_t$ is an operator... |
2,121,713,844,338 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sec:intro}}
Solar models are a corner stone of stellar astrophysics. The determination of
the solar interior structure through helioseismology and, only a few years
later, the discovery that neutrinos change flavor, gave spectacular
confirmations of our ability to model the Sun and, by ext... |
2,121,713,844,339 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Learning the optimal treatment policies from large amounts of clinical data presents challenges due to (i) the significant ``noise'' caused by recording errors, missing values, and large variability across patients, (ii) the lack of counterfactual information, and (iii) the underlying nonlinea... |
2,121,713,844,340 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:int}
The formation and evolution of the Milky Way bulge has long been of salient astrophysical interest, both in the context of the Milky Way itself as well as how our bulge relates to similar structures in other galaxies \citep[see e.g.][and references therein]{gonzalez+16,barbuy+18,... |
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