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2,121,713,844,241
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Numerous problems in nature can be formulated in terms of mean escape time of Brownian particles in the presence of small traps. This is often referred to as the mean first passage time (MFPT) or the narrow escape problem, and there is a large and growing literature on the subject; see for...
2,121,713,844,242
arxiv
\section{Section title} Coupling dissipation to quantum systems has interesting consequences. Quite generally, dissipation suppresses quantum fluctuations. This is evident at the level of a single macroscopic quantum `particle' whose tunnelling probability out of a metastable state is suppressed by dissipation \cite{Ca...
2,121,713,844,243
arxiv
\section{Introduction} From last 400 years of sunspot observations, we know that the solar cycle is irregular. The individual cycle strength and duration vary cycle-to-cycle. The extreme example of this irregularity is the Maunder minimum in the 17th century when sunspot cycle went to a very low value. We now...
2,121,713,844,244
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent \emph{Causal Graph Dynamics} have been introduced in \cite{ArrighiCGD,ArrighiCayley} as a generalization of cellular automata on arbitrary graphs. Basically, causal graph dynamics are graphs transformations that capture the notion of causality (bounded speed of information) and homo...
2,121,713,844,245
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A Fabry-P\'erot interferometer, or etalon, is comprised of two reflecting plates working in a collimated beam. For a specific incidence angle of incoming light, the etalon transmits light of wavelength $\lambda$ in a circular pattern of radius $r$ around the optical centre. The range of wavelen...
2,121,713,844,246
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Akers and Krishnamurthy~\cite{AK89} proposed the pancake and the star as alternatives to the hypercube for interconnecting processors in parallel computers. These networks have some nice properties: edge and vertex symmetry (strong symmetry), small degree and diameter, extensibility, high con...
2,121,713,844,247
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In an earlier letter, we described calculations of the one-loop radiative corrections to the energy-momentum tensor of a charged spinless or spin 1/2 particle of mass $m$ and focused on the nonanalytic component of such results\cite{gar}. This is because such nonanalytic pieces involve terms w...
2,121,713,844,248
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The detections of gravitational waves emitted by inspiralling compact binaries is a first step towards a better comprehension of gravitational physics~\cite{Barack:2018yly}. In the future, the next generation of high precision experiments will allow a better understanding of the...
2,121,713,844,249
arxiv
\section{Implementation details} In our implementation, we use $d_{txt} = 512$ as the dimensionality of the textual vectors (such as $h_s$, $q$, and $c_t$), and $d_{ctx} = 512$ as the dimensionality of the context features $x^{ctx}_i$ of each entity $i$. On the GQA dataset, we first reduce the dimensionality of the ...
2,121,713,844,250
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The rapid growth of digital data, especially images, brings many challenges to the problem of similarity search. A complete linear scan of all the images in such massive databases is computationally expensive, especially when the database contains millions (or billions) ...
2,121,713,844,251
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The notion of {\it pictures} was introduced by James and Peel \cite{JP} and Zelevinsky \cite{Z}. In \cite{NS}, Nakashima and Shimojo considered the notion of {\it admissible pictures} and showed that there exists a natural bijection between the set of admissible pictures and the set of $...
2,121,713,844,252
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} The production of heavy quarks in hadronic collisions is an important probe for various aspects of QCD. In proton-proton collisions, this process is perturbatively calculable down to low transverse momenta ($p_T$) due to the presence of the heavy-quark mass $m$. Calculations can th...
2,121,713,844,253
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The nuclear level scheme of the Thorium-229 isotope is expected to feature a long-lived isomer state, $^{229m}$Th, extremely close to the nuclear ground state. The most recent value for the isomer energy $E_{\mathrm{is}}$, $7.8 \pm 0.5$\,eV, obtained from indirect measurements ...
2,121,713,844,254
arxiv
\section{introduction} Quantum backflow is a fascinating quantum interference effect consisting in a negative current density for quantum wave packets without negative momentum components \cite{allcock}. It reflects a fundamental point about quantum measurements of velocity: usual measurements of momentum (velocity) ...
2,121,713,844,255
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Summary} The study of dynamical critical phenomena associated with the pinning-depinning transition in random media has become a subject of considerable interest in recent years. This is due to the importance of pinning in a wide variety of technologically important phenomena such as flux...
2,121,713,844,256
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the key probes of the AdS/CFT correspondence \cite{Maldacena:1997re,Gubser:1998bc,Witten:1998qj} is the boundary theory conformal anomaly which is closely related to the simplest correlators of the stress tensor \cite{Liu:1998bu, Henningson:1998gx, Blau:1999vz}. In the case of the ...
2,121,713,844,257
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The physical vacuum is a complicated condensed matter \cite{Hu,Wilczek,Jegerlehner,Jackiw}. At the moment we know only the low-energy properties of this substance, i.e. the properties at energies much smaller than the Planck energy scale, $E\ll E_{\rm P}=\sqrt{\hbar c^5/G}$, where $G$ is Newton'...
2,121,713,844,258
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The relation extraction (RE) task can be defined as follows: given a sentence $S$ with a pair of nominals $e_1$ and $e_2$, we aim to identify the relationship between $e_1$ and $e_2$. RE is typically investigated in a classification style, where many features have been proposed, e.g., \newcite{he...
2,121,713,844,259
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A major theme in the theory of dynamical systems is the study of the distribution of periodic orbits. This is particularly well-developed for hyperbolic systems, where one finds precise asymptotics and equidistribution results. Here, equidistribution can refer to spatial results, where averages o...
2,121,713,844,260
arxiv
\section{} \section{Introduction} Topology has perpetually been playing a prominent role in physics, providing understanding of an increasing number of phenomena by relating them to rigorous mathematical insights. Following the discovery of the integer and fractional quantum Hall effects \cite{Klitzing80,Tsui82,Laughl...
2,121,713,844,261
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cells of all types move under the influence of chemical signals in order to participate in important biological functions \cite{Parent1999} . To do this cells have developed special sensors which bind to particular molecules which make up an external signal. Small cells commonly employ a integra...
2,121,713,844,262
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \nolinenumbers In recent years, the use of social media has increased and brought a lot of advantages for the society, as virtual human interactions that enables people from anywhere to connect with anyone \cite{leite2020toxic}. Nevertheless, society has also been affected in negative ways, such...
2,121,713,844,263
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Topologically ordered states of matter can be characterized by topological invariants. In the bulk of a two dimensional topologically ordered system, their non-trivial values can imply that the vortex or quasiparticle excitations exhibit anyonic statistics. Of particular interest are the so call...
2,121,713,844,264
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1993, Betke, Henk, and Wills \cite{BHW} conjectured that the lattice-point enumerator of $\ensuremath{\boldsymbol}{0}$-symmetric convex bodies accepts a similar upper bound as its volume, which is described by Minkowski's second theorem on successive minima, namely \begin{equation}\label{BHW...
2,121,713,844,265
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In a multi-tasking system, mutual exclusion for the accesses to shared resources, e.g., data structures, files, etc., has to be guaranteed to ensure the correctness of these operations. Such accesses to shared resources are typically done within the so-called \emph{critical s...
2,121,713,844,266
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, the coupling between elastic and magnetic degrees of freedom in magnetostrictive materials has gained renewed interest due to emerging nanoscale spintronic applications, such as magnetic memory cells \cite{kent_new_2015,Kawahara2012,Klimov17,Chen19}, logic devices \cite{Verba19,...
2,121,713,844,267
arxiv
\section{Introduction} DRAM is the ubiquitous technology employed for main memory across computing systems. System components interact with DRAM via DRAM commands. These commands trigger a set of internal DRAM circuit signals that control different DRAM components in a timely manner to achieve a specific functional...
2,121,713,844,268
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In oncology CT and MR images are used in clinical care and clinical trials to assess the effect of treament on the size of lesions over time. In clinical trials of solid lesion indications, lesion size is assessed according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) \cite{eisenh...
2,121,713,844,269
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Several hierarchical models for the evolution of the MBH and AGN populations \citep[see,e.g.,][]{haehnelt1993, haiman2000, hatziminaoglou2001, wyithe2003, Cattaneo1999, kauffmann2000, cavaliere2000, VMH, Granatoetal, lapi2006} have proved successful in reproducing the AGN optical luminosity f...
2,121,713,844,270
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} MB was partially supported by Funda\c c\~ao para a Ci\^encia e a Tecnologia, SFRH/BPD/ 20890/2004. JR was partially supported by Funda\c c\~ao para a Ci\^encia e a Tecnologia through the Program FCT-POCTI/MAT/61237/2004.
2,121,713,844,271
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} It is generally difficult to relate the regularity of a real or complex-valued function $f$ defined on an open set of $\mathbb{R}^n$ to regularity assumptions on some of its powers $f^p :x\mapsto (f(x))^p$ with $p\in \mathbb{N}$, $p\geq 2$. However, in 1982, H. Joris \cite{Jor} proved the foll...
2,121,713,844,272
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Conformal symmetry is a powerful tool to constrain the correlators in two-dimensional CFT. It implies that four-point functions of primary fields on the sphere are given by (possibly infinite) sums of conformal blocks\footnote{We use the terms conformal and Virasoro block as synonymous.}, which a...
2,121,713,844,273
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let us denote the class of all rational maps on $ \mathbb{C_{\infty}} $ by $ \mathscr{R} $ and class of all transcendental entire maps on $ \mathbb{C} $ by $ \mathscr{E} $. Our particular interest is to study of dynamics of the families of above two classes of complex analytic (holomorphic) map...
2,121,713,844,274
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Innovations in Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) have enabled generation of DNA sequence data at an enormous rate and very low cost. This is best exemplified by Illumina sequencers; a single Illumina NovaSeq 6000 can generate nearly 6 Terabases of data in a 44-hour run, sequenc...
2,121,713,844,275
arxiv
\section{Introduction} {\bf 1}. It is known that nontrivial homological characteristics of a space can be expressed in terms of linear algebra, if the space is an affine space with an arrangement of hyperplanes. An example is the description by Arnold, Brieskorn, Orlik and Solomon of the cohomology groups of the co...
2,121,713,844,276
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Generation of nonclassical states of light has been a subject of interest for many years \cite{vogel1993,parkins1993,parkins1995,brune1996}. In particular, the preparation of coherent-state superpositions \cite{yurke1986,schleich1991} have attracted special attention \cite{ourjoumtsev2006,neerga...
2,121,713,844,277
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Developing effective collaborations in a multiagent system (MAS), when there are more than one learning agents, is a challenging problem. Modeling the joint action for all agents enables single agent reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms to be applied to MAS directly, however, the joint action s...
2,121,713,844,278
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recall that Leibniz algebras are a generalization of Lie algebras \cite{LoPi,Lod}. Active investigations on Leibniz algebra theory show that many results of the theory of Lie algebras can be extended to Leibniz algebras. From the theory of Lie algebras it is well known that the study of finite...
2,121,713,844,279
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} {The study of photonic topological insulators has received} considerable interest due in part to their remarkable mode propagation properties {and special connection to} {underlying topology}. In photonic systems, breaking time-reversal symmetry has been shown to support topologica...
2,121,713,844,280
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Consider the hyperelliptic curve with affine model \begin{equation}\label{eqn:hyper} C: Y^2=a_n X^n+a_{n-1}X^{n-1}+\cdots+a_0, \end{equation} with $a_0,\dotsc,a_n$ rational integers, $a_n \neq 0$, $n \geq 5$, and the polynomial on the right irreducible. Let $H=\max \{\lvert a_0 \rvert, \ldots , ...
2,121,713,844,281
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} At the present time, enormous quantity of data is available for producing essential information. In medical, education, banking, business etc. institute can get beneficiary through the acquired information. For any civilization education treat as a backbone. The role for an educational institut...
2,121,713,844,282
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The computation of the stable homotopy groups of the sphere, which, by the Pontrjagin-Thom construction, can be interpreted as the bordism groups of framed manifolds, is one of the most fundamental problems in pure mathematics, and the Adams-Novikov spectral sequence (ANSS) serves as a powerful...
2,121,713,844,283
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Memory has been often associated solely with the property of persistence, that is the ability to retain and retrieve information with the passage of time. Another equally important characteristic of memory however, is transience, or in other words, the ability to forget and discard information ...
2,121,713,844,284
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The success of deep learning models, primarily in the form of CNNs, has fuelled research into custom hardware accelerators tuned for specific models. A popular type of platform for these accelerators are FPGAs, as their versatility and range of sizes suit a variety of applications. Many toolflows...
2,121,713,844,285
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Single Majorana bound states (MBSs) at zero energy form at each end points of certain one-dimensional (1D) topological superconductors.\cite{kitaev2001unpaired,hasan2010colloquium,qi2011topological} A MBS quasiparticle is its own antiparticle, and only by combining two MBSs one electronic degree ...
2,121,713,844,286
arxiv
\section{Edge connectivity} \labelsection{edge-connectivity} \labelsection{edge-overview} In this section, we prove the main theorem for edge connectivity, \reftheorem{main}. To this end, we will first introduce the main key lemma, called the \emph{Rooted Sparsification Lemma}, in \refsection{overview-sparsification...
2,121,713,844,287
arxiv
\section{Introduction: Transport Coefficients} Transport coefficients are quantities that describe how the system tends to equilibrium when an external perturbation has been applied to it. This perturbation produces a gradient of some hydrodynamical field (pressure, temperature, velocity...) followed by a respons...
2,121,713,844,288
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The topic of this paper arises naturally in the context of affine Springer fibers, which we now take a moment to discuss. Let $G$ be a semisimple complex algebraic group, and let $\mathfrak g$ denote its Lie algebra. We then have the affine Grassmannian $X=G(F)/G(\mathcal O)$, where $\mathcal O$ ...
2,121,713,844,289
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Let $K$ be a number field with ring of integers $\mathcal{O}_K$ and let $G$ be a \mbox{finite group.} Let $\Omega_K$ denote the absolute Galois group of $K$ and let $\Omega_K$ act \mbox{trivially on $G$} (on the left). Then, the set of all isomorphism classes of $G$-Galois $K$-algeb...
2,121,713,844,290
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deuterated species are useful tracers of the cold ($T \sim 10\, \rm K$) and dense ($n_{\rm H} \sim 10^4 - 10^6 \, \rm cm^{-3}$) interiors of starless cores, where otherwise abundant neutral species, such as CO, are depleted onto grain surfaces. After depletion occurs, deuterium chemistry initiat...
2,121,713,844,291
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The renormalization group approach is one of the most effective methods of quantum field theory. The most studied in the framework of this approach is the model $\varphi^4$. On the one hand, this model describes the second order phase transition for different systems \cite{vasiliev,Zinn,phi47}, o...
2,121,713,844,292
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In spite of the convincing arguments that led us to expect the presence of New Physics (NP) at the TeV scale, still no new particles beyond the Standard Model (SM) have been discovered at the LHC and the data on electroweak precision constraints and Higgs physics are in impressive agreement with...
2,121,713,844,293
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The mechanism of particle acceleration and high-energy emission processes in the pulsar magnetospheres are one of the unresolved physics of the pulsar activities. The particle acceleration process and resultant high-energy $\gamma$-ray emission process have been discussed with the polar cap mo...
2,121,713,844,294
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Grain boundaries (GBs) are defined by five macroscopic degrees of freedom, describing the misorientation of the abutting crystallites and the GB plane \cite{Priester2013}. At the atomic scale, GBs have additional microscopic degrees of freedom \cite{Priester2013}, meaning that a GB with a specif...
2,121,713,844,295
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Variational and jump inequalities in harmonic analysis, probability, and ergodic theory have been studied extensively since \cite{MR1019960}, where a variational version of the Hardy--Littlewood maximal function was introduced. The purpose of this paper is to formulate ge...
2,121,713,844,296
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The evolution and feedback control of an open quantum system which undergoes continuous-time measurements can be studied in the framework of quantum stochastic calculus and quantum probability theory. These essential mathematical tools have been introduced by Hudson and Parthasarathy \cite{hudson...
2,121,713,844,297
arxiv
\section{Detailed Calculations for the energy splitting} The Hamiltonian of the topological superconducting wire is given by \begin{equation}\label{MainEq} H = \frac{1}{2}\int \mathrm{d}x \mathrm{d}x' \hat{\Phi}^{\dag}(x) \mathcal{H}(x,x')\hat{\Phi}(x') \;, \end{equation} where \begin{equation} \mathcal{H}(x,x') = \de...
2,121,713,844,298
arxiv
\section*{Results} \begin{figure}[!t] \centering \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Final2.pdf} \caption{\textbf{A computational light-field acquisition.} \textbf(a) Schematic principle of the reconstruction. The set of camera frames acquired with different patterns are used to extract signals. A single signal is obta...
2,121,713,844,299
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The numerical solution of deterministic dynamical systems is an important task in many applications where the dynamical system is a spatiotemporal field that satisfies a partial differential equation (PDE). In this case, the field can be viewed as a function $u$ mapping to an i...
2,121,713,844,300
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There is a surge of interest among theoretical physicists in Brans--Dicke (BD) \cite{BD61} and scalar--tensor theories, motivated by the fact that the association of scalar fields to the metric tensor seems unavoidable in superstring theories \cite{GreenSchwarzWitten87}. In addition, the scalar...
2,121,713,844,301
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As $\varepsilon\to 0$, we study solutions to the Schr\"odinger equation \begin{equation}\label{non-stat-eq} i\frac{\partial\psi}{\partial t}= -\frac{\partial^2\psi}{\partial x^2}+v(x,\varepsilon t) \psi. \quad x>0,\qquad \left.\psi\right|_{x=0}=0. \end{equation} When $\varepsilon$ is small, on...
2,121,713,844,302
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec-1} The paradigm of ``Machine Unlearning'' \cite{bourtoule2019machine} has attracted much attention recently. It has emerged from ``the right to be forgotten" \cite{voigt2017eu}, where individuals should be entitled to the right to have their private data removed from public directorie...
2,121,713,844,303
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper continues the investigation of the existential fragment of \mbox{$L^{\omega}_{\infty\omega}$}\ from the point of view of finite model theory initiated in \cite{rnw} and \cite{Rosen-diss}. In particular, we further study an analog of universal structures, namely, $k$-universal structur...
2,121,713,844,304
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent According to the present knowledge of physics, the ultimate constituents of matter are \textit{quarks} and \textit{leptons}. Both of them are particles of spin $1/2$ that interact by interchanging spin $1$ particles, namely \textit{photons, gluons,} $W^+,~W^-$ and $Z^0$. The existence ...
2,121,713,844,305
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Feedback from massive young stars plays a crucial role in regulating star formation and the properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) at all scales \citep[e.g.,][]{2007ARA&A..45..565M,2014prpl.conf..243K}. Stellar winds and ionizing+non-ionizing radiation from massive stars profoundly affect t...
2,121,713,844,306
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of open quantum system has been received enormous attention due to its ubiquitous application in developing quantum information devices \cite{1,2}, quantum computation, cryptography and reaction yields. These are based on two basic principle of quantum mechanics, i.e.,quantum entangle...
2,121,713,844,307
arxiv
\section{Conclusion and Future Works} We propose a pipeline and a Bayesian framework using explanation feedback. The pipeline makes it possible for users to interact with a model after training to create explanation feedback (summarized in \Cref{fig:feedback_pipline}). The users create feedback based on the model'...
2,121,713,844,308
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Let $\R$ be a real closed field and $S \subset \R^k$ a semi-algebraic set defined by a Boolean formula with atoms of the form $P > 0, P < 0, P=0$ for $P \in {\mathcal P} \subset \R[X_1,\ldots,X_k]$. It is known \cite{O,OP,Milnor,Thom,B99,GV} that the topological complexity of ...
2,121,713,844,309
arxiv
\section{Comparison on a full-fledged OBDA solution} \label{sec:aci} While the use synthetic benchmarks can be a starting point in order to understand the type of performance that we can expect from a system, and allows to draw some conclusions about the effectiveness of the adopted approach, there is also the ...
2,121,713,844,310
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} \author[Jiang et.~al.]{Kai Jiang\affil{1}, Jiajun Tong\affil{2}, and Pingwen Zhang\affil{3}\comma\corrauth} \address{ \affilnum{1}\ School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Xiangtan University, Hunan, P.R. China, 411105. \\ \affilnum{2}\ School of Mathematical Scien...
2,121,713,844,311
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The pseudospin symmetry has been introduced in nuclear physics many years ago \cite{ari}-\cite{hecht}, in order to account for the degeneracies of orbitals in single-particle spectra. It is known that the spin and pseudospin symmetries correspond to SU($2$) symmetries of a Dirac Hamiltonian wi...
2,121,713,844,312
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} We are grateful to members of staff at the Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, CRANN, Trinity College Dublin for their continued technical support. We thank C. P. Cullen and S. Callaghan for fruitful discussions regarding XPS. The work at the School of Physics and the Centre for Research on Ada...
2,121,713,844,313
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} It has been proposed in \cite{mal} that the large $N$ limit of super conformal field theories (SCFT) can be described by taking the supergravity limit of the superstring compactified on anti-de Sitter (AdS) space. The correlation functions of SCFT having the AdS bo...
2,121,713,844,314
arxiv
\subsection{Hyperparameters} \label{appendix:hyperparameter} Our experimental results are based on the hyper-parameters in Table~\ref{tab:hyperparameter}. \begin{table}[ht] \centering \caption{Hyperparameters for our experimental results} \begin{tabular}{||c|c||} \hline hyperparameters & value \\ \hline\hline ...
2,121,713,844,315
arxiv
\section{H.E.S.S. observations and analysis} The data used for the analysis described here were taken with High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) between 2004 and 2011, amounting to an acceptance-corrected livetime of 72 hours. The events were reconstructed using a Hillas parameter technique \cite{hillas}. The re...
2,121,713,844,316
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Since long ago, it has been known that there is a correspondence between high energy QCD and statistical physics \cite{Munier_2009}. Of particular importance was the discovery \cite{Munier:2003vc,Munier:2004xu,Marquet:2005ic} that at very large rapidities, $Y=\ln(1/x)$, the lea...
2,121,713,844,317
arxiv
\section{Introduction: ANEC and ETH} Kovtun, Son, and Starinets conjectured a lower bound on shear viscosity, suggesting that fundamental principles of quantum statistical mechanics could usefully constrain the dynamics of strongly interacting, non-quasiparticle systems \cite{Kovtun:2004de}. The recent proof of a bou...
2,121,713,844,318
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Deep learning has led to remarkable performance gains on a number of tasks, \textit{i.e.} image classification, speech recognition, and language processing. Nevertheless, recent literature has demonstrated that adversarial examples broadly exist for deep neural networks in these a...
2,121,713,844,319
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The ability to synchronize remote clocks plays an important role in our infrastructure, from maintaining coherence in the electrical grid, to allowing precise positioning and navigation, high speed trading, and distributed data processing. However, many of the techniques to establish and maintain...
2,121,713,844,320
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Reaction diffusion systems in their simplest form with diffusion and annihilation of particles have been studied over the years \cite{privman, ligget, krapivsky,odor}. These are nonequilibrium systems of diffusing particles undergoing certain reactions. Depending on the nature of the proble...
2,121,713,844,321
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:Introduction}Introduction} This is the first of three papers dealing with issues of the pion-nucleon ($\pi N$) interaction at low energies (pion laboratory kinetic energy $T \leq 100$ MeV). The goal in this study is to update part of the material given in our previous phase-shift analysis (PSA)...
2,121,713,844,322
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} The Invariant Subspace Problem is concerned with the existence of non-trivial, closed, invariant subspaces for a bounded operator acting on an separable, infinite-dimensional Banach space $X$. The existence of such subspaces for compact operators was proved by von Neumann (unpubli...
2,121,713,844,323
arxiv
\section{Background and Notation} \label{sec:intro} Bayesian Networks \cite[BNs;][]{pearl} are a class of graphical models in which the nodes of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) $\mathcal{G}$ represent a set $\mathbf{X} = \{X_1, \ldots, X_N\}$ of random variables describing some quantities of interest. The arcs connecti...
2,121,713,844,324
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Dilatometry is a powerful technique for exploring the thermodynamic properties of solids. Measurements of the volume expansion coefficient, $\beta$ = ($\partial$ln$V$/$\partial T$)$_{P}$ ($V$ is the sample volume), or, when single-crystalline material is available, the uniaxial expansion coeffic...
2,121,713,844,325
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have shown incredible abilities to learn node or graph representations and achieved superior performances for various downstream tasks, such as node classifications~\citep{kipf2016semi, velivckovic2017graph, hamilton2017inductive}, graph classificati...
2,121,713,844,326
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $n \geq 1$. The half-liberated real sphere $S_{\mathbb R, *}^{n-1}$ was defined by Banica and Goswami \cite{bago} as the quantum space corresponding to the $C^*$-algebra $$C(S_{\mathbb R, *}^{n-1})= C^*\left(v_1, \ldots , v_n \ | \ \sum_{i=1}^nv_i^2=1, \ v_i^*=v_i, \ v_iv_jv_k=v_kv_jv_i, \ 1...
2,121,713,844,327
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Oligonucleotides are rapidly emerging as competitive and highly efficient alternatives to traditional therapeutics and are increasingly employed in a growing array of biotechnological applications \cite{rossi2017, ellington2010, zu2014, giangrande2010}. These include, but not limited to next-gene...
2,121,713,844,328
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Cobordism was explicitly introduced by Lev Pontryagin in geometric work on manifolds. In the early 1950's Ren\'{e} Thom showed that cobordism groups could be computed by results of homotopy theory. In \cite{Tho} Thom showed that the cobordism classes of $G$-manifolds, for a Lie group...
2,121,713,844,329
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There has been great interest in understanding the packings of hard (\emph{i.e.} nonoverlapping) particles because they serve as useful models for a variety of many-particle systems arising in the physical and biological systems, such as liquids \cite{Hansen1986,Chaikin2000}, glasses \cite{Zall...
2,121,713,844,330
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The atomically thick layer of carbon atoms with a honeycomb lattice structure - known as graphene - still keeps attracting considerable deal of attention due to its potential use in electronics. Graphene presents several exotic physical properties, such as the quantum spin Hall effect (QSHE) \cit...
2,121,713,844,331
arxiv
\section{Conclusions and perspectives} \label{sec:conclusions} \subsubsection*{Daimons for empty boxes} Our gluability\xspace criterion (\Cref{thm:characterization}) solves the inverse Taylor expansion problem in an ``asymmetric'' way: we characterize the sets of $\ensuremath{\SystemFont{Di}\LL}\xspace_0$ proof-struc...
2,121,713,844,332
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Our current theoretical model for Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) associates the energy emitted by these objects with mass accretion onto a supermassive black hole \citep{lynden-bell69}. The black hole mass is an essential parameter to understand the growth of black holes and their impact on the sur...
2,121,713,844,333
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Very recently Ho\v{r}ava proposed a new quantum gravity theory which is improved in renomalizability in UV~\cite{Horava:2009uw,Horava:2008ih}. This theory treats space and time on an unequal footing, and the theory becomes nonrelativistic. This Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz theory attracted much attention ...
2,121,713,844,334
arxiv
\section{Introduction}~~ The study of the chiral critical point (CP) in the phase diagram of hot and dense quark matter is one of the central issues in Quantum Choromodynamics (QCD)~\cite{Fukushima:2010bq}. While, it is widely accepted that the QCD phase transitions concerning chiral symmetry restoration and color ...
2,121,713,844,335
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Typically, the dynamics of time-periodically driven systems is solved by means of Floquet's theorem.\cite{milena,chu} A standard approach consists in performing a Fourier mode expansion of the eigenstates and then deal with the corresponding infinite dimensional eigenvalue problem by means o...
2,121,713,844,336
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Soit $C$ une courbe projective lisse de genre $g\geq 2$ d\'efinie sur un corps de nombres $K$. La conjecture de Mordell, qui est depuis 1983 un th\'eor\`eme c\'el\`ebre de Faltings \cite{Falt}, donne la finitude de l'ensemble des points $K$-rationnels $C(K)$. Une question naturelle a alors \'eme...
2,121,713,844,337
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We discuss in this paper the notion of so-called \emph{pseudo-evolutionary differential equations}, which we define as equations of the Cauchy type, \begin{equation}\label{eq:PEO} \hat{D}_t F(x,t)=\alpha \;\hat{O}_x\,F(x,t)\,\qquad F(x,0)=f(x)\,. \end{equation} Here, $\hat D_t$ is an operator...
2,121,713,844,338
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{sec:intro}} Solar models are a corner stone of stellar astrophysics. The determination of the solar interior structure through helioseismology and, only a few years later, the discovery that neutrinos change flavor, gave spectacular confirmations of our ability to model the Sun and, by ext...
2,121,713,844,339
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Learning the optimal treatment policies from large amounts of clinical data presents challenges due to (i) the significant ``noise'' caused by recording errors, missing values, and large variability across patients, (ii) the lack of counterfactual information, and (iii) the underlying nonlinea...
2,121,713,844,340
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:int} The formation and evolution of the Milky Way bulge has long been of salient astrophysical interest, both in the context of the Milky Way itself as well as how our bulge relates to similar structures in other galaxies \citep[see e.g.][and references therein]{gonzalez+16,barbuy+18,...