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2,121,713,845,241 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The \emph{Hawking effect} \cite{hawking1975} is one of the most remarkable
results obtained by employing quantum field theory in curved spacetime
\cite{book:Birrell,book:Parker,book:Mukhanov} where an asymptotic observer in
future finds a thermal emission from a black hole. The thermal emissi... |
2,121,713,845,242 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Dynamic bifurcation concerns the changes in the qualitative or topological structures of limiting motions such as equilibria, periodic solutions, homoclinic orbits, heteroclinic orbits and invariant tori etc. for nonlinear evolution equations as some relevant parameters in the equations vary.... |
2,121,713,845,243 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\input{content/introduction_arxiv.tex}
\section{CausalWorld Benchmark}
\label{sec:benchmark}
\input{content/benchmark_v2_arxiv.tex}
\section{Related Work}
\label{sec:related_work}
\input{content/related_work_arxiv.tex}
\section{Experiments}
\label{sec:experiment}
\inp... |
2,121,713,845,244 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Our daily life is increasingly governed by software and cyber-physical systems, which are exploited in the realisation of critical infrastructure, whose security is a public concern. In the design of such systems, security is often perceived as a qualitative need, but expe... |
2,121,713,845,245 | arxiv | \section{Preliminary results}
Lenstra's talk \cite{hl} starts with the following definition introduced by the bishop, music theorist, poet, and composer Philippe de Vitry, a.k.a. Philippus De Vitriaco (1291-1361):
\begin{definition}\label{harmnum}
A {\em\bf harmonic number} is a number that can be written as a power o... |
2,121,713,845,246 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Most classical results in computability theory focus on the so-called
\emph{extensional} properties of programs, i.e., on the properties of the
partial functions they compute. Notably, the renowned Rice's
Theorem~\cite{Rice53} states that any nontrivial extensional
property of programs is
... |
2,121,713,845,247 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The neural network watchdog is a tool used to determine whether a classification or regression has been performed on an input that is in-distribution or out-of-distribution with respect to the training data \cite{Bui}. The work focused on the disjoint approach to the watchdog, where the neural ne... |
2,121,713,845,248 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is believed that Red Dwarfs (RDs) are the most numerous stars in the Universe (>70\%).
These low-mass ($\lesssim$\,0.5M$_{\odot}$) objects constitute also more than 40\% of total stellar
mas in our Galaxy \cite{hen98}. However, it is still unclear what is the formation rate of planets (or low... |
2,121,713,845,249 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The journal \textit{Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society} (MNRAS) encourages authors to prepare their papers using \LaTeX.
The style file \verb'mnras.cls' can be used to approximate the final appearance of the journal, and provides numerous features to simplify the preparation of pa... |
2,121,713,845,250 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A \emph{holomorphic Engel structure} on a complex manifold $M$ of complex dimension $4$ is a holomorphic subbundle $\mathcal{D}\hookrightarrow TM$ of complex rank $2$ which is maximally non-integrable.
More precisely $[\mathcal{D},\mathcal{D}]=\mathcal{E}$ has constant rank $3$ and satisfies $[\m... |
2,121,713,845,251 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusions and Future Work}
\label{sec:conclusion}
The distributed systems community has developed consensus protocols
mostly independently from the database community's struggles with distributed transactions.
We have described one approach to exploiting consensus as the underlying mechanism for
transacti... |
2,121,713,845,252 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In last years, the scientific community constantly discovered new materials, which posses distinct features such as linear dispersion and strong spin-orbit coupling described by effective Dirac-like Hamiltonians~\cite{Balatsky2014}.
Graphene was the first 2D material that revealed the linear dis... |
2,121,713,845,253 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Building on a background of successful high-altitude balloon usage in atmospheres for reconnaissance, climate monitoring , and planetary exploration \cite{sagdeev_vega_1986} to name a few, in this work we aim at identifying design and control challenges, and propose a novel robotic platform that... |
2,121,713,845,254 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The central engines of active galactic nuclei (AGN) have a significant impact on the ambient interstellar medium via relativistic jets, gas outflow, and collimated hard ionizing radiation. In some cases, Extended Emission-Line Regions (EELRs) are observed at as far as tens kiloparsecs. In rad... |
2,121,713,845,255 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and preliminary results}
The recent paper \cite{ssa} by LJ. Stankovi\'c, S. Stankovi\'c
and M. Amin provides a statistical analysis for efficient
detection of signal components when missing data samples are present
(cf. \cite{sso}, \cite[Section 2]{sid}, \cite{sdsv} and \cite{sdv}).
This a... |
2,121,713,845,256 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\blfootnote{Moustafa Youssef is currently on sabbatical from Alexandria University, Egypt.}
The widespread use of wireless networks combined with ubiquitous mobile devices led to the proliferation of RF-based localization techniques \cite{ips_vision,youssef2005multivariate,el2010propagation,abd... |
2,121,713,845,257 | arxiv | \section*{References}}
\usepackage[margin=2.2cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage[mathscr]{euscript}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}
\newtheorem{proposition}{Proposition}
\newtheorem{conjecture}{Conjecture}
\newtheorem{corol... |
2,121,713,845,258 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Over the past two decades
online information goods created
and used by millions of people, such as open source software and Wikipedia,
have captured the attention of
researchers in a variety of disciplines.
Research in the area has studied communities'
ability to facilitate... |
2,121,713,845,259 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In a preceding paper \cite{theory1} (Paper I), relying on previous works on
the
subject
\cite{tolman,cocke,hk0,kh,khk,kam,kh2,hk,ipser80,sorkin,sy,sy2,bvrelat,aarelat1,
aarelat2,gao,gaoE,roupas1,gsw,fg,roupas1E,schiffrin,psw,fhj}, we
have developed
a general formalism to study the statistical m... |
2,121,713,845,260 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Speaker diarization is the task of determining ``who spoke when" given a long audio \cite{anguera2012speaker}.
It is a crucial component for meeting transcription which aims to solve the problem of ``who speaks what at when" in real-world multi-speaker conversations.
Recently... |
2,121,713,845,261 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since the proposal of the four laws of black hole thermodynamics \cite{BCH}, black holes are considered as objects
with entropy, mass, angular momentum and electric charge as extensive quantities. According to the no-hair theorem, any black hole solution is completely determined by the last thre... |
2,121,713,845,262 | arxiv |
\section{The CMS Collaboration \label{app:collab}}\begin{sloppypar}\hyphenpenalty=5000\widowpenalty=500\clubpenalty=5000\input{HIN-17-002-authorlist.tex}\end{sloppypar}
\end{document}
|
2,121,713,845,263 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}}
\IEEEPARstart{T}{he} behavior of the visual attention of the users is an active research area in the field of computer vision. Its applications allow the delivery of information of greater utility and/or complexity in areas that capture users' attention, and adapt a ... |
2,121,713,845,264 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum networks provide a robust and scalable framework through which large-scale quantum-information processing may be achieved\,\cite{Kimble:2008if}.
Specifically, the development of hybrid light-matter networks allows a consolidated approach whereby the specific advantages of multifarious q... |
2,121,713,845,265 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:1}
Neutron stars are fascinating celestial objects as natural laboratories for dense
matter physics. They are associated with the most exotic environments and violent
phenomena of the universe~\cite{Weber05}.
Observations of ordinary radio pulsars indicate that they possess surface m... |
2,121,713,845,266 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\paragraph{General background.}
The {\em class membership problem} for a language class $\mathcal{C}$ and a subclass $\mathcal{C}'\subseteq\mathcal{C}$
asks, given some device (like an automaton or a grammar) accepting a language in $\mathcal{C}$
to decide if the language that is described by t... |
2,121,713,845,267 | arxiv | \section{Almost sure convergence for the ground state energy per particle}
\label{sec:almost-sure-conv}
In this section, we prove that, if interactions decay sufficiently
fast at infinity, then the convergence in the thermodynamic limit of
the ground state energy per particle $E^U_\omega(L, n) / n$ to
$\calE^U(\rho)$ h... |
2,121,713,845,268 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The structure of galaxies emerges from a complex process of hierarchical mass assembly in which mergers and other processes such as dissipation play key roles. Discs and spheroids contain the bulk of the light (and thus stellar mass) of galaxies, and their scaling relations encode valuable infor... |
2,121,713,845,269 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The main result is formulated in the title of the paper. Although
it has connections with various fields of mathematics and mathematical
physics, I could not find a unique best framework for it Therefore,
this needs serious comments, that we do in this introduction.
\paragraph{Dynamical system... |
2,121,713,845,270 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
In \cite{MR1808131}, Linchenko and Montgomery defined Frobenius-Schur indicators of characters of finite-di\-men\-sion\-al semisimple Hopf algebras as follows: For a character $\chi$ of such a Hopf algebra $H$, the $n$-th Frobenius-Schur indicator of $\chi$ is given b... |
2,121,713,845,271 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The wide availability of high-throughput sequencing technologies has enabled the collection of high-dimensional biomedical data containing measurements of the entire genome. However, many clinical trials which collect such high-dimensional, typically tabular, data are carried out on small cohort... |
2,121,713,845,272 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This talk briefly summarizes a growing body of
work\cite{CL1,CLcompat,CDLN1,CLpent,CDLN2,CLSU3,CDLM} done with Tom
Cohen on unstable baryon resonances in the $1/N_c$ QCD expansion.
More in-depth synopses appear in Ref.~\refcite{talks}.
The $1/N_c$ expansion about the large $N_c$ QCD limit has b... |
2,121,713,845,273 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:INTRO}
Integrability in the sense of Liouville is essentially based on the possibility of solving exactly equations of motion arising
in classical Hamiltonian systems. However, the advent of \emph{quantum mechanics} has changed the scenario and physical quantities
associated with se... |
2,121,713,845,274 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
With an increased ability to compress digital video data and with still growing transport capacities, the transmission of video signals over wireless channels or the internet has become very popular. But, as such channels are not reliable, the risk of transmission erro... |
2,121,713,845,275 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Tensors
appear in a wide range of applications, including
electronic structure theory~\cite{Bartlett:2007:RMP:CC},
multiresolution analysis~\cite{Harrison:2015:arXiv:MADNESS},
quantum many-body theory~\cite{pfeifer2014faster},
quantum computing simulation~\cite{markov2008simu... |
2,121,713,845,276 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
The authors want to thank V. Mishra and M.R. Norman for useful discussions and
for sending them a plot of $P_{0d}(T)$ calculated using their ARPES derived
single particle Greens function. The authors also want to thank E.~Gull,
S.~R.~Kivelson, A.-M.~Tremblay, and L.~Taillefer for useful comm... |
2,121,713,845,277 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Jets are observed from a wide variety of astrophysical objects. They are emitted from the central regions of young stellar objects where a protostar is being born \citep{Burrows1996,hirth_spatial_1997,ray_hst_1996,hirth_spatial_1997,dougados_t_2000,bally_observations_2007}, from the central core... |
2,121,713,845,278 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
\subsection{Problem statement}
The problem of compressed sensing (CS), recovering high-dimensional vector $\boldsymbol{x}\in\mathds{R}^n$ from its noisy under-determined linear measurements $\boldsymbol{y} = \boldsymbol{\Phi} \boldsymbol{x} + \boldsymbol{z}$, where $\boldsymbol{... |
2,121,713,845,279 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud is a fundamental step in
the cosmological distance ladder: since the Cepheid extragalactic
distance scale is tied to the LMC distance, any error in the
determination of the distance to the LMC propagates directly to the
cosmological distances.
Recent ... |
2,121,713,845,280 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The synthesis of heavy or superheavy nuclei is a very important
subject in nuclear physics motivated with respect to the island of
stability which is predicted theoretically, and has obtained much
experimental research with the fusion-evaporation reactions
$\cite{Ho00,Og07}$. The existence of th... |
2,121,713,845,281 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sect:intro}
The primary science goals of CMB cosmology in the next decade are the
degree-scale B-mode polarization
induced by a gravitational wave background and the arcminute-scale B-mode
induced by weak gravitational lensing from the large scale structures.
The former will provide ... |
2,121,713,845,282 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{section:Introduction}
The cubic-kilometre neutrino telescope (KM3NeT) is a deep-sea neutrino research infrastructure comprising two large-volume water Cherenkov detectors which consist of 3D-arrays of optical modules, each one containing 31 3-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) \citep{Margi... |
2,121,713,845,283 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main results}
\begingroup
\setcounter{tmp}{\value{thm}}
\setcounter{thm}{0}
\renewcommand\thethm{\Alph{thm}}
Since Belavin, Polyakov, and Zamolodchikov \cite{BPZ84} introduced an operator algebra formalism of conformal fields in the complex plane and classified them in terms of the repres... |
2,121,713,845,284 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The black hole binary system (BHB) GRS~1915+105 was discovered in 1992 with WATCH on board {\emph{GRANAT}} \citep{Castro92}. It is at a distance of $\sim 11$ kpc away \citep[e.g.][]{Fender99, Zdziarski05}, and comprises a spinning black hole \citep {Zhang97, McClintock06} with mass $14\pm4$ $M... |
2,121,713,845,285 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\subsection{Background}
Decomposing unsteady and turbulent flows into low-rank models is an important step towards the realization of closed-loop flow control, which has proven to be elusive (at least in part) due to the high degrees of freedom in most flow systems. Despite the... |
2,121,713,845,286 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Motivation}
\label{sec:intro}
Through the history of our species, the universe populated with stars, galaxies and other celestial objects has been visible in the darkness of the night sky, inspiring questions about the cosmos and our relationship to it, and therefore star gazing has been cruc... |
2,121,713,845,287 | arxiv | \section*{\textbf{Addressing Dependencies in Dyadic Data}}
Relational, or dyadic, data provide measurements of how pairs of actors relate to one another. The easiest way to organize such data is the directed dyadic design in which the unit of analysis is some set of $n$ actors that have been paired together to form a ... |
2,121,713,845,288 | arxiv | \section{\textsc{Introduction}}
\label{sec:intro_radio}
Blue compact dwarf galaxies (BCDs) are star forming dwarf galaxies whose bluer colours are attributed to ongoing star formation. They are gas-rich, compact, low luminosity ($M_{B}= -17$ to $-14$) objects with low metal abundances ($\frac{1}{50}Z_{\odot}< \ Z <\fr... |
2,121,713,845,289 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A well-known downside of many successful Deep Learning approaches like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) is their need for big, labeled datasets. Obtaining these datasets can be very costly and time-consuming or the required quantity is even not available due to restrictive conditions. In fac... |
2,121,713,845,290 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Fast reliable spin manipulation in quantum dots is one of
the challenges in spintronics and semiconductor-based quantum
information. The design of corresponding gates
can be based on electric dipole spin resonance where the spin-orbit coupling (SOC)
\cite{Rashba1,Nowack,Pioro,Golovach06}
... |
2,121,713,845,291 | arxiv | \section{\uppercase{Introduction}}
\label{introduction}
Autonomous driving can be approached from various sensor modalities such as camera, radar, sonar, or lidar.
Each sensor provides a piece of valuable information. It is shown that the fusion of multiple sensors is required to cover all of the environmental varia... |
2,121,713,845,292 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For integers $n\ge 0$ we define $[n]:=\{i\in\mathbb{Z}\mid 1\le i\le n\}$. Let $S$ be a non-empty finite set. We call two subsets of $S$ in \emph{general position} (with respect to $S$) if their union is $S$ or their meet is empty, which means that their intersection is as small as possible. ... |
2,121,713,845,293 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{-1.5 em}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=.8\textwidth]{mdbfig1.png}
\caption{\label{fig1}Deep Inelastic Muon Scattering.}
\end{figure}
Figure~\ref{fig1}a shows the leading order Feynman diagram for deep inelastic
scattering and defines the kinematic variables. Figu... |
2,121,713,845,294 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Several mathematical and computational problems involve collections of graph partitions with fixed numbers of components. Example application scenarios include tracking and clustering of evolving communities in a network, as well as analysis of political redistricting plan ensembles---an applic... |
2,121,713,845,295 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disease in the world. OA is poorly understood and no disease-modifying treatment currently exists for it~\cite{van2019osteoarthritis}.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods are commonly used to clinically study the structural changes ... |
2,121,713,845,296 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The CLIC linear collider is expected to probe physics at the multi-TeV scale,
complementing and extending the reach of the LHC on New Physics beyond the
Standard Model. If this New Physics is manifested by a rich spectroscopic
of new particles, as several models predict, their study will be a... |
2,121,713,845,297 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s.introduction}
The notion of time is deeply rooted into our perception of reality,
which is why, for centuries, time has entered Physics
as a fundamental ingredient that is not to be questioned.
Then, general relativity (GR) and quantum mechanics (QM)
intervened in opposite directio... |
2,121,713,845,298 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
Generations of Physicists have grown to maturity with the aid of Feynman graphs for various perturbative problems; and when the subjects of their theoretical researches have required a non--perturbative approach, they have attempted to sum sub--sets of Feynman graphs in ... |
2,121,713,845,299 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Gravitational lensing presents one of a handful of current
observational windows on the dark universe. The distortion of
background galaxies by galaxy clusters has provided a striking
demonstration of general relativity \citep{2010CQGra..27w3001B}. More importantly, it has
enabled the unique r... |
2,121,713,845,300 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The last few years the interest in the study of nuclei from both
experimental and theoretical point of view has shifted from the
investigation of one-body quantities
(e.g., the elastic form factor $F(\vec{q})$ and the momentum distribution
$\eta (\vec{p})$)
towards the
investigation of tw... |
2,121,713,845,301 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
From the viewpoint of modern language technology, languages may be seen as ``dialects with a part-of-speech tagger, a treebank, and a machine translation system''~\cite{tiedemann2016synthetic}.
Such fortunate dialects are a vast minority: At this point in time, only around 100 or 1\% of the wo... |
2,121,713,845,302 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{se1}
Let $X$ be a projective variety defined over an algebraically closed field, and let $L$ be a line
bundle on $X$. The Nakai--Moishezon criterion says that $L$ is ample if and only if
$L^{\text{dim}(Y)}\cdot Y \,>\, 0$ for every positive-dimensional closed subvariety $Y$ of $X$. In
g... |
2,121,713,845,303 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec_intro}
At early stages of planet formation, coagulation of dust and ice triggers solidification of bodies within the circumstellar gas disk that is present in the first few Myr. Even though the process behind the growth of such bodies is not well understood \citep{Morbidelli09, Johanse... |
2,121,713,845,304 | arxiv | \section*{Figure Captions}
\begin{figure}[h]
\vspace{1mm}
\caption[]{The effect of perturbation $V_1$ causes $Q\bar{Q}$ decay (a)
or $G_0$ mixing with $Q\overline{Q}$ (b). The effect of $V_2$ on $G_0$ causes
decay to two glueballs (c).}
\label{Rivsx}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[h]
\vspace{1mm}
\caption[]{Invariant co... |
2,121,713,845,305 | arxiv | \section{Abstract}
\label{submission}
There has been a tremendous rise in technological advances in the field of automobiles and autonomous vehicles. With the increase in the number of driven vehicles, the safety concerns with the same have also risen. The cases of accidents and life-threatening injuries have skyrocket... |
2,121,713,845,306 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Although deep learning has been successfully applied to various domains including computer vision, speech recognition and natural language processing, the theoretical understanding of its success is still limited. One important theoretical aspect of deep learning is the geometry and topology o... |
2,121,713,845,307 | arxiv | \section*{}
\vspace{-1cm}
\footnotetext{\textit{$^{a}$~Univ Lyon, Universit\'e Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumi\`ere Mati\`ere, F-69622, LYON, France. E-mail: laurent.joly@univ-lyon1.fr}}
\section{Introduction}
Electrokinetic (EK) flows \new{(also called osmotic or surface-driven flows) are plug flow... |
2,121,713,845,308 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The accumulation of beneficial mutations drives adaptation and
evolutionary innovation. Yet despite its central importance, the
evolutionary dynamics by which a population accumulates such mutations is
poorly understood. To better understand adaptation in any particular
system, we must ask two... |
2,121,713,845,309 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Principal component analysis (PCA) and spectral methods are ubiquitous tools in many fields including statistics, econometrics, machine learning, and applied mathematics. They have been extensively studied and used in a wide range of applications. Recent examples include matrix... |
2,121,713,845,310 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
The progress of machine learning so far mostly relies upon a series of challenges and benchmarks that are manually conceived by the community (e.g.\ MNIST \cite{lecun1998gradient}, ImageNet \cite{deng2009imagenet}, pole balancing \cite{anderson1989learning}, and Atari \cite{... |
2,121,713,845,311 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Big Data has arisen in recent years to deal with problems in several domains, such as social networks,
biochemistry, health care systems, politics, and retail, among many others. New developments are necessary to address most of the problems in the area. Typically, classical statistical approach... |
2,121,713,845,312 | arxiv | \section*{References}}
\textwidth=165mm
\textheight=245mm
\oddsidemargin=-2.5mm
\evensidemargin=-2.5mm
\topmargin=-15mm
\title{The Demand Adjustment Problem via Inexact Restoration Method}
\author[2,4]{Jorgelina Walpen}
\author[2]{Elina M. Mancinelli}
\author[1]{Pablo A. Lotito}
\author[2,3]{Lisandro Parente}
\a... |
2,121,713,845,313 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Stars of low- and intermediate-mass ($0.8-1~M_\odot<M_i<8-10~M_\odot$)
experience heavy mass loss episodes during the red giant phase that
subsequently intensify at the tip of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB).
With typical mass loss rates $10^{-4}-10^{-5}$ M$_\odot$~yr$^{-1}$,
the AGB win... |
2,121,713,845,314 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
Anomalous transport, believed to be principally turbulent, is known to be the main cause of heat and particle loss in high performance tokamaks.
Anomalous transport has also been observed in stellarator experiments, including Wendelstein 7-AS~\cite{stroth98}, Large Helic... |
2,121,713,845,315 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Distributed optimization lies on the interface between control and optimization with the goal being to find a minimum of some global objective by a network of agents, each of which has access to a local part of the objective and can interact with only neighbouring agents.
Many algorithms for thi... |
2,121,713,845,316 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In geometric group theory one attempts to elucidate the algebraic properties of a group by studying its actions on spaces with good geometric properties. For irreducible lattices in higher-rank semisimple Lie groups, versions of
Margulis superrigidity place severe restrictions on the spaces t... |
2,121,713,845,317 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Transition metal oxides (TMO) host complex phases resulting from interactions with a hierarchy of energy scales. In $3d$ and $4d$ TMOs, competition between kinetic energy, quantified by the parameter, $t$, and Coulomb repulsion, parameterized by $U$, are the major factors determining the nature ... |
2,121,713,845,318 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Photons are elementary excitations of the electromagnetic field in a given mode, which can combine polarization, frequency, the transverse position or momentum, among other degrees of freedom. As such, photons cannot be separated from the properties defined by the modes they occupy. These are ac... |
2,121,713,845,319 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Tinbergen's detection of weak ($\ge 2 \sigma$) polarization of light
for $\sim$15 nearby stars, caused by magnetically aligned interstellar
dust grains in the galactic center hemisphere, has long been
intriguing \citep[][T82]{Tinbergen:1982}. Instrumental noise may
introduce random weak polariz... |
2,121,713,845,320 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction}
Successful exfoliation of graphene in 2004 aroused intensive research interest towards prospective two-dimensional (2D) monolayers possibly having novel electronic, structural, optical and thermoelectric properties \cite{novoselov2004electric}. Subsequently, synthesis of grap... |
2,121,713,845,321 | arxiv | \section{RADIAL POLARIZATION}
\section{Introduction}
A great deal of work has already been carried out on twisted light and on exploring its interaction with matter \cite{allen1999,lesallen2003,zhan2004,frank2008,Andrews2012,torres2011}, including atoms and molecules \cite{babiker2018atoms}. Cylindrical twisted light... |
2,121,713,845,322 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Int}
Mirror symmetry \cite{Lerche:1989uy,Greene:1990ud,Candelas:1989hd} is a powerful tool in computing worldsheet instanton corrections to the
moduli space of Calabi-Yau threefolds. Because mirror symmetry maps the calculation of quantum corrections to a classical computation in algebrai... |
2,121,713,845,323 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Bubble interaction with particles is of interest in metal purification \cite{metal-strring-1, metal-strring-2, metal-strring-3, metal-strring-4, metal-strring-5} and froth flotation \cite{flotation-book-1, flotation-book-2, sommer-4d-ptv} where gas bubbles are injected to rem... |
2,121,713,845,324 | arxiv |
\subsection{Intelligent Client Framework Design}\label{sec:intelligent_client}
\input{intelligent_client}
\subsection{Performance Analysis Framework Design}\label{sec:perf_framework}
\input{perf_framework}
\subsection{The Benchmark Suite}\label{sec:benchmark_suite}
\input{benchmark_suite}
\subsubsection{App... |
2,121,713,845,325 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since little more than one decade an interesting alternative to the standard Kaluza-Klein
compactification paradigm has been put to test. The kind of scenarios based on this alternative
are known as braneworld models \cite{anto1}--\cite{tanaka} and allow for infinite extra
dimensions, in co... |
2,121,713,845,326 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
In a formulation similar to a student's exercise, more than fifty
year ago Rudolf Peierls pointed out that one-dimensional (1D)
metals are intrinsically unstable with respect to lattice
distortions opening a gap at the Fermi energy.\cite{peierls} It
did not take long to ... |
2,121,713,845,327 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Policy iteration (PI) is a recursive process to solve an optimal decision-making/control problem by alternating between \emph{policy evaluation} to obtain the value function with respect to the current policy (a.k.a. the current control law in control theory) and \emph{policy improvement} to imp... |
2,121,713,845,328 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Stellar flares are powered by magnetic reconnection events.
Although most last for only a few minutes, they have been observed to last for up to 8 hours \citep{Kowalski2010}.
Their strongest observational signal is a flux increase in the blue/near-UV, which can be several magnitudes for the
bigg... |
2,121,713,845,329 | arxiv | \section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
{-3.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex
{2.3ex \@plus.2ex}%
{\normalfont\large\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
... |
2,121,713,845,330 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
{\bf
Coupled oscillator systems are a rich source of examples of high dimensional dynamical behaviour as well as a class of systems that can be used to understand a range of emergent dynamical phenomena. One of these phenomena, where there is apparent coexistence of coherent and incoherent be... |
2,121,713,845,331 | arxiv | \section{Comparison to the {\sc{fire}}\xspace simulations as a function of halo mass}
\label{ap_fire_comp}
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=20pc]{Figures/mass_loading_L0100N1504_REF_200_snip_hydro_sim_comp_FIRE_mhalo.pdf}
\caption{A comparison of mass loading factors between {\sc{eagle}}\xspace and the {\sc{fire... |
2,121,713,845,332 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well-known that the second language (L2) learning process is profoundly affected by a well-established habitual perception of phonemes and articulatory motions in the learners’primary language (L1) \cite{ellis1989understanding}, which often cause mistakes and imprecise articulation in spee... |
2,121,713,845,333 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
A geometric description of a scene, high-quality depth map is useful in many computer vision applications, such as 3D reconstruction, virtual reality, scene understanding, intelligent driving, and robot navigation.
Literature mainly contains two classes of techniques for depth ... |
2,121,713,845,334 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
The Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM)
\cite{Martin:1997ns} assumes that R-parity is conserved. R-parity
($R_p$) \cite{Farrar:1978xj}, defined as $R_p = (-1)^{3 B + L + 2 S}$,
was originally introduced to guarantee the stability of the proton
in s... |
2,121,713,845,335 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s-intro}
The decadal review of astrophysics and astronomy for the 2020s \cite{nata21} identifies the question of whether the dark
energy density of the universe is static or dynamic as one of the great unanswered questions in modern science. The answer
requires an accurate comparison of... |
2,121,713,845,336 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Rendering photorealistic facial expressions from single
static faces while preserving the identity information is an open research topic which has
significant impact on the area of affective computing.
Generating faces of a specific person with different facial
expressions can be used to vario... |
2,121,713,845,337 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Thirring model is a four-fermi theory with current-current interaction
defined by the following continuum Lagrangian:
\begin{equation}
{\cal L}=\bar\psi_i(\partial{\!\!\! /}\,+m)\psi_i
+{g^2\over{2N_f}}(\bar\psi_i\gamma_\mu\psi_i)^2
\end{equation}
where $\psi$ and $\bar\psi$ are four-fompone... |
2,121,713,845,338 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the important programming paradigms of OO programming is `programming to interfaces'.
Programmers can use an interface without knowing the details of its implementations.
This programming paradigm decouples the code using the interfaces and the implementations of these
interfaces. It a... |
2,121,713,845,339 | arxiv | \section{Review of Lee et al.'s Protocol \cite{lb}} It includes
five stages namely, System Setup, System Public Key Setup, Key
Issuing, Key Securing and Key Retrieving.
\subsection{System Setup} The KGC specifies two cyclic groups
$G_{1},G_{2}$ of prime order $q$ where $G_{1}$ is additive and
$G_{2}$ is multiplicative... |
2,121,713,845,340 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}}
\begin{document}
\author{Martin Hutzenthaler\footnote{Research supported by the DFG in the Dutch German Bilateral Research Group "Ma\-the\-ma\-tics of Random Spatial Models from Physics and Biology" (FOR 498)} \footnote{Research supported by EPSRC Grant no GR/T19537/01}
\\
{\it Goethe-Univ... |
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