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2,121,713,846,341 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The first mention of the name "wavelets" seems to be in 1909, in the Alfred Haar's thesis. The concept of wavelets in its present theoretical form was first proposed in mid 80's by Jean Morlet and Alex Grossmann. Since then, the subject has received considerable attention
(see \cite{Dau}, \... |
2,121,713,846,342 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Schubert Calculus is a recipe for counting
geometric objects subject to certain incidence relations
~\cite{SC}. For example,
\begin{prob}
\label{Clines} Given $2d-2$ lines in general position in
$\mathbb{CP}^d$. How many codimension 2 subspaces of
$\mathbb{CP}^d$ meet all $2d-2$ lines?
\end... |
2,121,713,846,343 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
The density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy $E_{sym}(\rho)$~ as one of
important issue in isospin physics has been studied for the past few
decades because of its very importance not only in understanding
the structure of radiative nuclei in nuclear physics
\cite{Oya98,B... |
2,121,713,846,344 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In stroke perfusion imaging \cite{Fieselmann2011} a series of 3D MR or CT images of the brain are acquired after injection of a contrast bolus. These images show the contrast agent -- and hence the blood -- flow in and out of the brain. As such, we have in each voxel a time series that shows the ... |
2,121,713,846,345 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the standard paradigm (the so-called no hair theorem), astrophysical black holes (BH) are
described by their mass and their angular momentum commonly called
spin. The spin is usually expressed in terms of the dimensionless parameter
$a\equiv cJ/(GM_{\rm BH}^{2})$, where $c$, $J$, $G$ and $M_{... |
2,121,713,846,346 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper obtains lower bounds of $\mathcal L^p$-functions on the $n$-dimensional unit hypercube in terms of moments of their marginals (i.e., one-dimensional projections). The lower bound is identified as the solution of a system of constrained nonlinear integral equations, where the marginals... |
2,121,713,846,347 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Spintronics is a field of research exploiting the mutual influence between the electrical field/current and the magnetic ordering.
Todate the realization of conventional spintronic devices has relied primarily on the ferromagnetic (FM) based heterostructures\cite{Slonczewski1996,... |
2,121,713,846,348 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec.I}
At sufficiently high temperature and/or high density,Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) predicts a transition
from hadronic matter to deconfined partonic matter~\cite{Braun-Munzinger:2007edi}.
Results from top RHIC and LHC energies indicate
a new form of matter with small viscosity and ... |
2,121,713,846,349 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\PARstart{I}n recent years, machine learning has become a popular topic and its
applications are increasing day by day with respect to image-based diagnosis,
disease prediction and risk
assessment~\cite{deBruijneMachinelearningapproaches2016}. Machine learning is
considered a sub-area of artific... |
2,121,713,846,350 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Monge-Kantorovich distance or Wasserstein distance is a distance between measures. It represents a transportation cost of measure $\mu_1$ into the other measure $\mu_2$.
\[
W_p(\mu_1, \mu_2) = \min_{\pi \in \Pi[\mu_1, \mu_2] } \left( \int \| x - y \|^p d \pi (x, y) \right)^{1/p}
\]
where... |
2,121,713,846,351 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Numerous studies have been conducted to
better understand the dynamic behavior of financial
markets. Most of the studies mainly focus on the statistical properties of the independent
events occurring at discrete time steps. In recent years, the waiting time between consecutive
events has drawn m... |
2,121,713,846,352 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Widely used, efficient computational methods have been developed for calculations of electronic structure of systems presenting perfect periodic repetition of a unit cell along one, two, or three dimensions surrounded by vacuum. These are typically based on Kohn-Sham Density Functional Theory (D... |
2,121,713,846,353 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The evolution of the very early Universe is matter of an in-depth and long-standing debate and, to date, it is mainly the subject of speculations. According to the standard lore, the Universe initially experienced a highly symmetric state (at the so-called Planck scale $M_p\sim 10^{18}$ GeV) ... |
2,121,713,846,354 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Transport coefficients govern the relaxation of a system back to equilibrium. Well-known examples of transport coefficients are conductivities, viscosities and diffusion constants \cite{landau2013fluid}.
In the context of relativistic quantum field theories, calculating the shear viscosity of Q... |
2,121,713,846,355 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Hypersonic jets are a common feature of the star formation process.
These narrow, highly-collimated beams of atomic and/or molecular gas have velocities of order $v \sim 100-1000$ km/s.
Jets are thought to form via magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) processes in the rotating star-disk s... |
2,121,713,846,356 | arxiv | |
2,121,713,846,357 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the Quantum Theory the fermion behavior is depicted by the spinor $\Psi .$
The probability current vector $\overrightarrow{j}$ components of this
fermion are the following:
\begin{equation}
j_x=\Psi ^{\dagger }\cdot \beta ^1\cdot \Psi ,j_y=\Psi ^{\dagger }\cdot
\beta ^2\cdot \Psi ,j_z=\Psi ^... |
2,121,713,846,358 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the standard model, CP violation is due to a phase in the
Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) quark mixing matrix. The CKM phase
information is conventionally parametrized in terms of the unitarity
triangle, in which the interior (CP-violating) angles are known as
$\alpha$, $\beta$ and $\gamma$ \... |
2,121,713,846,359 | arxiv | \section{Regression results from WiC experiments}
Tables \ref{table:A1}, \ref{table:A2}, \ref{table:A3}, \ref{table:A4}, \ref{table:A5}, \ref{table:A6}, \ref{table:A7}, \ref{table:A8}.
\begin{table*}[hbt!]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{lclc}
\toprule
\textbf{Dep. Variable:} & Cosine Similarity & \textbf{ R-square... |
2,121,713,846,360 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Continuous variable (CV) entangled resources are essential for many applications in quantum information processing, such as long distance quantum communications \cite{Briegel}, CV quantum teleportation \cite{Vaidman, Braunstein}, and the Bell test \cite{Nha, Garcia,Reid,Sewan}.
As the practical... |
2,121,713,846,361 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Thermodynamics is an essential tool for understanding the world around
us, giving a self-contained but simple description of physical processes
involving many particles, but using a minimal number of variables.
For example, temperature and pressure are pivotal concepts in the
thermodynamics of f... |
2,121,713,846,362 | arxiv | \part{title
\documentclass[aps,prl,twocolumn,superscriptaddress]{revtex4-1}
\usepackage{graphicx
\usepackage{subfigure}
\usepackage{count1to}
\usepackage{dcolumn
\usepackage{bm
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{verbatim}
\usepackage{comment}
\usepackage{natbib}
\usepackage{verbatim}
\usepackage{amsf... |
2,121,713,846,363 | arxiv | \section{ Introduction and preliminaries}
Let $\mathcal{K}$ be a class of coarse spaces.
Given $X\in \mathcal{K}$, how can one detect whether there exists a linear order on $X$, compatible with the coarse structure of $X$?
We used selectors to answer this question if
$\mathcal{K}$ is one of the following classes:... |
2,121,713,846,364 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec-introduccion}
Functional determinants of elliptic differential operators are useful for
describing one-loop effects in Quantum Field Theory and Statistical
Mechanics.
When the fields are constrained to live inside a bounded manifold in the
Euclidean space-time, boundary conditions be... |
2,121,713,846,365 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}}
In the past few years there has been astounding progress on the design of superconducting circuits for large scale quantum computing \cite{Clarke2008}. Specific purpose circuits for quantum annealing containing over two thousand qubits have been developed and are currently being... |
2,121,713,846,366 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the aid of technological advances, cosmological observations have arrived to an era of high precision, where results from Stage IV surveys, such as DESI \cite{desi} or LSST \cite{lsst}, promise to be accurate enough to improve the constraints of the different cosmological models that rema... |
2,121,713,846,367 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Introduction}Introduction}
Light-pulse atom interferometry \cite{kasevich_atomic_1991,Kleinert2015} has demonstrated a great potential for precision measurements in both fundamental physics and more practical applications \cite{Bongs2019}. In this context, atomic Bragg diffraction has become a vers... |
2,121,713,846,368 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{-0.5ex}
Deep neural networks (DNNs) usually exhibit excellent generalization ability in pattern recognition tasks, despite their sufficient capacity to overfit or \emph{memorize} the entire training set with completely random labels \citep{zhang2017understanding}.
The memorization behav... |
2,121,713,846,369 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A recommender system suggests relevant content to a user based on the user's experience, content, and interactions between the user and items \cite{Ricci2011,aggarwal2016recommender,Aytekin2019,tran2020recommender,MFrecsys20}.
There are some scenarios where more than a person with diversified int... |
2,121,713,846,370 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Perturbative expansions in field theory are asymptotic, making it
necessary from a conceptual point of view (if not from a practical
one) to truncate any perturbative series at some finite order in the
coupling constant. This truncation introduces renormalization-scale
and scheme dependences. In... |
2,121,713,846,371 | arxiv | \section{Derivation of low-energy tunnel Hamiltonian}
In the following, we develop a low-energy theory describing the tunneling spectra between a superconductor and a normal metal from a microscopic model including \textit{elastic} and \textit{inelastic} tunneling channels. The corresponding low-energy Hamiltonian is ... |
2,121,713,846,372 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In a recent paper \cite{DasWeb98} we presented a theoretical study
of the leading power-suppressed corrections to the mean values of
various event-shape measures in deep inelastic scattering (DIS).
Our investigation was based on an analysis of one-loop Feynman
graphs containing a massive gluon, w... |
2,121,713,846,373 | arxiv |
\subsection{Problem Formulation}
Let $\mathcal{D}$ be a training set of graph instances ($G\in\mathcal{G}$) with their class labels ($y\in\mathcal{Y}$), where there exist $C$ classes, $\mathcal{Y}=\{1,\ldots,C\}$.
Each graph can be represented as an adjacency matrix $\bm{A}\in\{0,1\}^{N\times N}$ and its node feature... |
2,121,713,846,374 | arxiv | \section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{3.5ex plus 1ex minus
.2ex}{2.3ex plus .2ex}{\Large\bf}}
\def\eqnarray{%
\stepcounter{equation}%
\let\@currentlabel=\theequation
\global\@eqnswtrue
\global\@eqcnt\z@
\tabskip\@centering
\let\\=\@eqncr
$$\halign to \displaywidth\bgroup\@eqnsel\hskip\@centering
$\displays... |
2,121,713,846,375 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
In this paper we are concerned with computing approximations of large scale linear systems that arise from discretization of ill-posed inverse problems in imaging applications. In these applications, the aim is to compute an approximation of a vector ${\bm x}$ from measur... |
2,121,713,846,376 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
As artificial intelligence becomes ubiquitous, it is important to understand whether the output of a machine-learnt model is unfairly biased with respect to \emph{protected attributes} such as gender, race, etc., and if so, how we can engineer fairness into such a model... |
2,121,713,846,377 | arxiv |
\section{Encoding}\label{app:elias}
\begin{algorithm}[t]
\small
\SetAlgoLined
\KwEn{}
Place a 0 at the end of the string\;
\eIf{$N==1$}{
Stop\;
}{
Prepend $\text{binary}(N)$ to the beginning \tcp*[l]{Let $N'$ denote \# bits prepended minus 1}
Encode $N'$ recursively\;
}
\KwDe{}
Start with $N=1$\;
\eIf{$\text{th... |
2,121,713,846,378 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
In this paper we study the connection between groupoid dynamical
systems and the spectrum of the crossed product.
Our eventual goal will be to show there is a
strong link between the exterior equivalence class of a locally
unitary action and the isomorphism class of the spectrum
$(A\rtimes S)... |
2,121,713,846,379 | arxiv | \subsection{Please Capitalize the First Letter of Each Notional Word in Subsection Title}
\section{Introduction}
\label{sect:intro}
V565 Mon belongs to the little studied star formation region. As a variable star, it was discovered by \citet{Hoffmeister1968}. It is the illuminating star of the Parsamian 17 ... |
2,121,713,846,380 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{section: Introduction}
In this section, we introduce the definition of mosaic floorplans and
Baxter permutations, describe their applications and previous work in
this area, and state our main result.
\subsection{Floorplans and Mosaic Floorplans} \label{subsection: Floorplans and ... |
2,121,713,846,381 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
While in the standard model the violations of $CP, T$, and
$(V-A)$ symmetry are phenomenologically well-described by the
Higgs mechanism and the CKM matrix, the depth of the
dynamical
understanding remains open to question. In particular, the
Yukawa couplings of the fermions, and the CKM mixing... |
2,121,713,846,382 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Mu2e \cite{tdr} calorimeter is composed by 1400 pure CsI crystals coupled to large area UV extended Silicon
Photomultipliers (SiPM), arranged in two annular disks~\cite{misc}\cite{martini}.
It has to have a good energy, timing and position resolution and
to operate in a high radiation envi... |
2,121,713,846,383 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent years, the models based on the hypothesis that our universe
is a four-dimensional space-time hypersurface (3-brane) embedded in
a fundamental multi-dimensional space \ci{rushap},\ci{otherbr} have become quite popular,
see, for example, the reviews \ci{RuBar}-\ci{loc6} and the references
t... |
2,121,713,846,384 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Richards equation describes the flow of water in an unsaturated porous medium due to gravity and capillary forces \citep{Richards1931}. It plays a crucial role in soil hydrology, agriculture, environment and waste management \citep{Farthing2017}. More recently, it has been implemented to study t... |
2,121,713,846,385 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
By now it is clear that D-branes of string theory are an important
tool in constructing and unraveling the non-perturbative physics of
supersymmetric gauge theories. These gauge theories live on the world
volume of the corresponding D-brane. The interplay between the brane
dynamics and the gauge... |
2,121,713,846,386 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The problem of recovering a high-dimensional matrix $\bA_{\star}\in\mathbb{R}^{n_1\times n_2}$ from very few
(noisy) observations of its entries is commonly known as matrix completion,
whose applications include, collaborative filtering, computer visions
and positioning.
From a statistical viewp... |
2,121,713,846,387 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Representing data in the form of graphs is ubiquitous in many domains of sciences. They naturally describe relationships in social networks\,\cite{Freeman2000VisualizingSN}, characterize interactions of proteins and genes\,\cite{Theocharidis2009NetworkVA} and can represent the structure of s... |
2,121,713,846,388 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1959 E.C.G. Sudarshan has developed a hypothesis of faster-than-light
particles which was published in \cite{bds}. This publication was followed
by a paper by G. Feinberg who coined a word $tachyon$ to name these particles
\cite{fein}.
Not surprisingly, the hypothesis of faster-than-light pa... |
2,121,713,846,389 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Light has always been of paramount importance in the history of science. Indeed, over the years considerable
progress has been made observing the light reaching our planet from distant sources. To mention just a few,
the absorption spectra of chemical elements, the accidental discovery of the co... |
2,121,713,846,390 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A \textit{singular foliation} on a manifold $M$, in the sense of Androulidakis and Skandalis \cite{Androulidakis2009}, is a $C^\infty(M)$-module of compactly supported vector fields on $M$ that is involutive and locally finitely generated. By the Stefan-Sussmann Theorem, such a module gives rise... |
2,121,713,846,391 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The high computational and storage requirements of large-scale DNNs, such as VGG \cite{Simonyan2015VeryDC} or ResNet \cite{he2016deep}, make it prohibitive for broad, real-time applications at the mobile end. Model compression techniques have been proposed that aim at reducing both the storage an... |
2,121,713,846,392 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The observed corrlated fluctuations in the stock
markets, giving power law tails for large fluctuations (in contrast to the
traditionally assumed
exponentially decaying Gaussian fluctuations
of random walks), were schematically incorporated
in the El Farol Bar problem of Arthur~\cite{BKC:Art... |
2,121,713,846,393 | arxiv | \subsection*{\refname}}
\newcommand{\pbref}[1]{\ref{#1} (\nameref*{#1})}
\begin{document}
\def\({\left(}
\def\){\right)}
\def\[{\left[}
\def\]{\right]}
\newcommand{\textnormal}{\textnormal}
\newcommand{\displaystyle}{\displaystyle}
\newcommand{\dsfrac}[2]{\displaystyle{\frac{#1}{#2}}}
\newcommand{\textstyle{\bigo... |
2,121,713,846,394 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Bridging micro and macro behaviors remains largely problematic for systems
with large number of degrees of freedom. When studying neural activity, we
either directly start from a macro description of the system, or from a
micro description that is then treated numerically.
At the macrosc... |
2,121,713,846,395 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The evolution of spiral galaxies is driven by star formation and the matter cycle between the stars and the interstellar medium (ISM). Massive OB stars inject energy into the ISM through their radiation, stellar winds, and, finally, by supernova (SN) explosions. These processes are often correlat... |
2,121,713,846,396 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The multi-objective optimization problem (MOP) is to optimize several
objectives simultaneously over a common feasible set.
MOPs have broad applications in economics \cite{geiger2011},
finance \cite{chen2017mean}, medical science \cite{rosen2017,van2012multi},
and machine learning \cite{... |
2,121,713,846,397 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
One of the most intriguing phenomena in condensed matter systems is the occurrence of the so-called Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless\cite{bkt,bkt1,bkt2} (BKT) transition in two-dimensional (2D) superfluid systems. The main ingredients of the BKT physics were described originally w... |
2,121,713,846,398 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The origin of neutrino masses,
the reasons behind their smallness,
and the structure of lepton mixing
are still unanswered questions.
There has been a great deal of theoretical work in this area,
trying to provide answers based on such diverse ideas as,
for instance,
seesaw mechanisms,
radiative... |
2,121,713,846,399 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent Let $\mathbf{M}=(c_{i,j})_{i,j=0}^{\infty}$ be an infinite
Hermitian matrix, i.e., $c_{i,j}= \overline{c_{j,i}}$ for all
$i,j$ non-negative integers. Following \cite{EGT1} we say that an infinite hermitian matrix $\mathbf{M}$ is positive definite, in short an HPD matrix (resp. positi... |
2,121,713,846,400 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Holomorphic functions build the basis and heart of the rich theory of complex
analysis. The subclass of {\em conformal maps} consists of holomorphic
functions
with nowhere vanishing derivatives. These may be characterized as infinitesimal
scale-rotations. M\"obius transformations are special ... |
2,121,713,846,401 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Cluster decomposition of vacuum correlation functions is one of the basic results of quantum field theory, which underlines the locality of interactions \cite{streater2016pct}. When a theory has a mass gap $m$, connected correlations between spatially separated operators decay e... |
2,121,713,846,402 | arxiv |
\section{Background material}
\label{app:background}
\subsection{Brane creation and annihilation}
\label{app:orientifolds}
Following \cite{Hanany:1996ie}, in a system of D$p$-D$(p{+}2)$-\text{NS5}\ branes,
D$p$ brane
creation or annihilation happens whenever a \text{NS5}\ passes through an D$(p{+}2)$.
In
the prese... |
2,121,713,846,403 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
The young clusters near the Galactic center provide ideal laboratories for testing theories of the formation and evolution of massive stars and massive clusters (e.g. Figer et al. \cite{figer99}), but they also pose formidable observational and theoretical challenges. Ev... |
2,121,713,846,404 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The scientific plans of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) span from
tests of complex dynamics of the Standard Model \citep{Salgado:2011wc}
to
searches
for physics beyond it \citep{Albrow:2008pn}. Quantum Chromodynamics
(QCD) being a part of the Standard Model is the basic theory which
is used t... |
2,121,713,846,405 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{S:Intro}
Constrained dynamical systems have received a tremendous amount of attention due to the presence of safety constraints and hard bounds that appear in many practical scenarios. Providing guarantees of constraint satisfaction and facilitating synthesis of constraint-satisfying cont... |
2,121,713,846,406 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
In high energy heavy ion collisions such as those at the Relativistic
Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the
quark-gluon plasma (QGP) with deconfined parton degrees of freedom is
formed~\cite{Adams:2005dq,Adcox:2004mh}.
Interactions among the part... |
2,121,713,846,407 | arxiv | \partial{\partial}
\def\hat{k}{\hat{k}}
\def\hat{V}{\hat{V}}
\tit{Piecewise Convex Function Estimation}
\titwo{and Model Selection}
\def\chptitle{Piecewise Convex Model Selection}
\defKurt S.~Riedel{Kurt S.~Riedel}
\defKurt S.~Riedel{Kurt S.~Riedel}
{\vskip-.12in}
\aut
{\vskip-.26in}
\abs{Given noisy data, function es... |
2,121,713,846,408 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Spin Torque Nano Oscillators (STNOs) are very promising devices which can be used to replace traditional Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) in semiconductor chips~\cite{STNO1,STNO2,STNO3,STNO5}. Comparing with VCO, STNO has advantages of small footprint size ($\sim 100\ \rm{nm}$) and wide tunab... |
2,121,713,846,409 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Annihilating particle systems have been studied extensively in statistical physics since the 1980s. The original motivation for this topic, stemming from the kinetics of chemical reactions, gave rise to models in which particles move diffusively and are removed from the system upon meeting anoth... |
2,121,713,846,410 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\emph{Topology optimization} is a structural optimization with the highest degree of design freedom.
It is a method for determining the optimal material configuration, $\Omega_{\rm opt}\subset \mathbb R^{d}$ ($d=2$ or $3$), such that objective functionals are minimized and is currently being dev... |
2,121,713,846,411 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The ILC is a unique tool which could play an extremely important role in high-precision measurements. Data from the ILC will allow a determination of the profile of the Higgs bosons and their fundamental properties with a high level of confidence and will provide a unique opportunity to establish... |
2,121,713,846,412 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the important aspect of the nuclear detector systems is the DAQ, that read and digitize (through analog to digital converters - ADC) the analog signals from the detectors. The faster it is a ADC system the better performance of the system we got (i.e. maximum acquisition rates). DAQ for nu... |
2,121,713,846,413 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Sec:intro}
Let $P(t)=\{p_1(t),\ldots,p_n(t)\}$ be a set of $n$ moving points
in the plane. We assume that the motions of the points are simple, in
the sense that the trajectory of each point is a piecewise-algebraic
curve of {\em constant description complexity}, meaning that it can be
de... |
2,121,713,846,414 | arxiv | \section{Motivation}
\label{sec:intro}
\IEEEPARstart{T}{he} central problem in information theory is to find the capacity of a noisy
channel for transmitting information faithfully. Depending on what type of information is to be sent, there are several capacities that can be defined for a quantum
channel, among them ... |
2,121,713,846,415 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The acceleration of cosmic rays up to $\sim 10^{15}$ eV has been
attributed to supernova explosions and TeV emission is expected from
the remnants \citep{gp76, lc83, r08, b09}. The standard diffusive
shock particle acceleration (DSA) model has been successful in
explaining emissions from m... |
2,121,713,846,416 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{T}{he} past few years have seen a rapid increase in the computationally intensive applications such as face recognition, autonomous driving, traffic control, and so on [1-2]. One key aspect of the services is their tight delay requirement which poses a serious challenge to user equ... |
2,121,713,846,417 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Knowledge understanding and management are the key technologies in information systems, and many progresses have been developed to meet increasing demands of data analysis and handling.
In traditional pattern analysis methods, it is not guaranteed the ideal fact that available information of tr... |
2,121,713,846,418 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Iron group elements (Sc - Zn) are becoming increasingly important in the study of astrophysical plasmas, as many of their lines are frequently observed from different ionisation stages. These lines provide a wealth of data about the plasma characteristics, including temperature, density and ch... |
2,121,713,846,419 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Throughout this paper, we may assume that $G$ is an additive abelian group, unless stated otherwise.
Let $B$ be a finite subset of $G$ which does not contain the neutral element. For any subset $A$ in $G$ with the same cardinality as $B$, a {\it matching} from $A$ to $B$ is defined to be a bijec... |
2,121,713,846,420 | arxiv | \section{Notations and semantics}
The ZX-calculus was first introduced for wires of size one in \cite{coecke2011interacting}. We use the extension to big wires called scalable ZX-calculus\cite{carette2019szx}. Our type system keeps track of the organisation of qubits into registers. We denote the type of a register of... |
2,121,713,846,421 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
A knot $K\subset S^3$ is an {\it L-space knot} if it admits a positive Dehn surgery to an L-space.\footnote{An {\it L-space} $Y$ is a rational homology sphere with the simplest possible Heegaard Floer invariant, that is $\text{rk }\widehat{HF}(Y)=|H_1(Y;\mathbb Z)|$.} Examples in... |
2,121,713,846,422 | arxiv |
\section*{Implications (Why does this matter? And to whom?)}
}{%
}
\noindent Concerns continue to grow about the prevalence of misinformation on social media platforms~\citep{Lazer-fake-news-2018, vosoughi2018spread}, including during the recent COVID-19 pandemic~\cite{yang2020prevalence}. These types of content of... |
2,121,713,846,423 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Consider an infinite rooted tree $t$ without leaves.
The boundary $\rays{t}$ of the tree $t$ is the set of all rays on
$t$, that is infinite nearest-neighbour paths on $t$ that start from the root
and never backtrack.
If we equip the space $\rays{t}$ with a suitable metric $\di... |
2,121,713,846,424 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cotangent sums are associated to the zeros of the Estermann zeta function. R. Balasubramanian, J. B. Conrey and D. R. Heath-Brown \cite{bala}, used properties of the Estermann zeta function to prove asymptotic formulas for mean-values of the product consisting of the Riemann zeta function and a D... |
2,121,713,846,425 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{I}
Heat engines have not only been important devices from a technological perspective, but they also played a significant role in establishing and examining the laws of thermodynamics~\cite{Muller07}. Remarkably, with the extension of thermodynamics from macroscopic to ever smaller systems... |
2,121,713,846,426 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and overview}
\noindent
Since the discovery of the accelerated expansion of our current Universe at the end of last century, the dark energy, along with the cold dark matter have become the central themes in the theory and applications of modern cosmology. The simplest of the dark energy models is... |
2,121,713,846,427 | arxiv |
\subsection{$k$-center}
In this section, we show a simple distributed algorithm to achieve the exact solution
for $k$-center under $(2,0)$-approximation stability.
Even in the single machine setting, it is NP-hard to find the exact solution to
$k$-center under $(2-\epsilon,0)$-approximation stability unless $NP=RP$ ... |
2,121,713,846,428 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $N$ be an $n$-dimensional $C^\infty$-manifold and
$TN$ its tangent bundle.
We write each point in $TN$ as $(u,X)$ with $u\in N$ and
$X\in T_u N$.
We put
\[
TN\setminus 0 := \{(u,X)\in TN~;~ X\neq 0\}.
\]
$TN\setminus 0$ is called the \it slit tangent bundle \rm of $N$.
A \em Finsler st... |
2,121,713,846,429 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Ground- and space-based observations of \g-rays from supernova remnants (SNRs) prove that galactic cosmic rays are produced in these objects. It is shown that \g-rays are likely leptonic in RX J1713.7-3946 \citep{Abdo-et-al-2011} and hadronic in IC 443 and W44 \citep{Ackermann-et-al-2013}. In ... |
2,121,713,846,430 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\textit{Active information acquisition} is a challenging problem with diverse applications including robotics tasks \cite{kumar2004, sim, karasev, atanasov2013}. It is a sequential decision making problem where agents are tasked with acquiring information about a certain process of interest (targ... |
2,121,713,846,431 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
In last years, many different numerical evolution schemes for Einstein
equations have been developed and proposed, in order to address stability and accuracy problems that
have interested the numerical relativity community for decades. Some of these
approaches have been tested on d... |
2,121,713,846,432 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The determination of the magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix
element $V_{ub}$ via inclusive decays is theoretically involved, because the
experimental cuts required to suppress the $B\to X_c\ell\bar\nu$ background tend
to restrict the $B\to X_u\ell\bar\nu$ phase space in a ... |
2,121,713,846,433 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
The kinematics of collisionless plasmas has been studied in a wide variety of fields, such as in laboratory plasma physics, space physics, and astrophysics. Evolution of collisionless plasmas and self-consistent electromagnetic fields is fully described by the Vlasov-Maxwe... |
2,121,713,846,434 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Directed networks that transport a resource, such as energy, from one or
several sources to a large number of consumers are important in many
areas of science \cite{Banavar:1999}.
Among such networks, food webs provide an example of great interest, both
from a purely scientific point of view,... |
2,121,713,846,435 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Patchy image structure classification is a fundamental yet significant research topic in computer vision and artificial intelligence (AI) research communities. Recent years have witnessed great progress of patchy image structure classification in applications highly related to AI agriculture and... |
2,121,713,846,436 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\image{figure1}{8}{superluminal} {Sequence of Hubble images showing
apparent motion at six times the speed of light in the galaxy M87.
Photo Credit: John Biretta, Space Telescope Science Institute.}
Transverse velocities of a celestial object can be measured almost
directly using angular me... |
2,121,713,846,437 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{E}{vent} sequences are becoming increasingly available in a variety of applications.
Such event sequences, which are asynchronously generated with random timestamps, are ubiquitous in areas such as e-commerce, social networks, electronic health data, and equi... |
2,121,713,846,438 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION} \label{intro}
Nonhomogeneous continuous-time Markov processes have applications in
a wide variety of contexts, including stochastic control problems
\cite{GH03b,Guo03,Guo02,HuQY96,K.P75, Puterman94,WuCB97a},
stochastic games \cite{GH05, GH03a,Sennott99,Sinha04}, and queueing
systems and stochasti... |
2,121,713,846,439 | arxiv | \section*{\small{Model description}}
The dynamics of NRK cell membrane excitability is given by a set of
equations which describe the active and passive ion transport
systems in the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum, as
illustrated in Fig. \ref{fig1} (see \cite{kusters2005,torres2004}
for a detailed descrip... |
2,121,713,846,440 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Magnetic chains composed of spin $S = 2$ ions have received considerable theoretical and numerical attention
\cite{Tonegawa2011,Tu2011,Pollmann2012,Tzeng2012,Hasebe2013,Kjall2013,Chen2015,Kshetrimayum2015}
due to their unique predicted behavior.
Even- and odd-integer spin chains are distinct... |
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