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2,869,038,156,128
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Vehicular sensor network (VSN) combines wireless communication provided by vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) with sensing devices installed in vehicles. Sensors available in vehicles gather data sets including localisations, speeds, directions, accelerations, etc. Thus, the vehicles participating...
2,869,038,156,129
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The connections between electricity and probability are deep, and have provided many tools for understanding the behaviour of stochastic processes. In this note, we describe a new result in this direction from \cite{Croyres}, which states that if a sequence of spaces equipped with so-called `res...
2,869,038,156,130
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we consider the numerical approximation of two one-dimensional, nonlocal systems of nonlinear partial differential equations (pde's) of dispersive wave type. The systems have been derived in \cite{BLS2008} as models describing the propagation of internal waves in a two-layer interf...
2,869,038,156,131
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The ability to propagate a domain wall (DW) through a submicron magnetic wire using a magnetic field \cite{Ono1999,Allwood2002,Nakatani2003,Atkinson2003,Beach2005} or electric current \cite{Vernier2004,Yamaguchi2004,KLAUI2005,Meier2007,BEACH08} is the basis of several new spintronics devices \cit...
2,869,038,156,132
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Dualities are among the most fascinating, and the most useful, phenomena of physics. A duality expresses that the same physical system can be described in more than one way, with the two ``dual" descriptions consisting of entirely different degrees of freedom, interacting in different ways. Ofte...
2,869,038,156,133
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Although the formation of stars in multiple systems is known to be a major channel of star-formation (e.g.\ Duch\^ene et al.\ 2007 for a recent review), our understanding of the way multiple stellar systems form remains comparatively poorer than our comprehension of isolated star-formation. To i...
2,869,038,156,134
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper is a contribution to the celebration of the 150th anniversary of the birth of Sergey Alexeyevich Chaplygin (1869--1942), the renowned Russian physicist, mathematician, and mechanical engineer. Amongst many other topics, Chaplygin studied the dynamics of a sphere rolling on a plane. F...
2,869,038,156,135
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In the past decade, images of very young planetary nebulae (PNs) and proto-planetary nebulae (PPNs) have revealed an unexpected diversity of morphological classes. Many of these objects appear to exhibit a level of complexity that cannot be accounted for in terms of the Gen...
2,869,038,156,136
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The first detection of gravitational wave signal, GW150914, by the LIGO and Virgo detectors incited a renewed interest in the evolution of binary systems including degenerate stars and black holes (BH) \citep{Abbott2016}. It showed that stellar-mass black ho...
2,869,038,156,137
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent progress in studying inflation in string theory and supergravity has led to a notable revival of interest in cosmic strings \cite{Kibblerev,PolchIntro,DavKib}. It is now believed that cosmic string formation is generic in both supersymmetric grand unified theories \cite{Jea...
2,869,038,156,138
arxiv
\section{Preliminaries} In this paper will be given some metrical notions in synthetic differential geometry(SDG). We shall show that a metrical geometry in SDG is, in general, similar with a classical one. Most of results will concern to so called "global" properties, what means that we will work with elements aparte...
2,869,038,156,139
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A quantum computer is a device engineered to utilize the complexity of a many-particle wavefunction for the purpose of solving computational problems. For specific problems, quantum algorithms are predicted to surpass the ability of classical information processing \cite{ShorsAlgorithm, Feynma...
2,869,038,156,140
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Convolutional neural networks heavily rely on equivariance of the convolution operator under translation. Weights are shared between different spatial positions, which reduces the number of parameters and pairs well with the often occurring underlying translational transformations in image data. ...
2,869,038,156,141
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The effect of localized vibrations (phonons) in the electronic transport properties of nanoscale devices is attracting increasing attention (for a review see \cite{review}). Such effects have been identified in different systems like atomic contacts and atomic chains \cit...
2,869,038,156,142
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Intro} Binary bismuthide $\beta$-PdBi$_2$ has attracted much interest recently as a promising candidate of topological superconductor (TS)\cite{Imai,chu15,Herrera,Sakano15,Kacmarcik,LuXin16}. Topological superconductivity is a new state of matter possessing symmetry-protected surface...
2,869,038,156,143
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \mylabel{sec-intro} Suppose $\check{X}$ is a smooth surface and $\check{D}=\check{D}_1+\ldots + \check{D}_k$ is a divisor with each $\check{D}_i$ smooth. Suppose $\check{E}$ is a bundle provided with filtrations $\check{F}^i_{\cdot}$ along the $\check{D}_i$, and parabolic weights $\alpha ...
2,869,038,156,144
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgment} This work was partially supported by NSF grants DMS 2147546/2015447 and the NSF CAREER award DMS-2143215. Part of this work was done while G.~Li and Y.~Wei were visiting the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing. \bibliographystyle{apalike} \section{Preliminaries: useful concentrat...
2,869,038,156,145
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The supersymmetrization of the Standard Model (SM) requires enlarging the spectrum of the theory. The quarks and leptons or the Higgs scalars become components of supersymmetry group representations, the chiral superfields. The notation is presented in table \ref{tab:notations}....
2,869,038,156,146
arxiv
\section{Algorithm} \label{algorithm} We now operationalize the principles in the previous section, specifying (i) how we choose topics (Section~\ref{alg:topics}), (ii) how we estimate the baseline (Section~\ref{alg:entropy}), and (iii) how to efficiently optimize the robust objective \eqref{opt:marg} (Section~\ref{al...
2,869,038,156,147
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Computing the linear response functions (and the density of states) of large systems with thousands of atoms by using conventional methods requires to calculate the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of \( N \times N \) Hamiltonian matrices ($N \gg 10^{6}$) from the lowest state to the Fermi energy a...
2,869,038,156,148
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Adaptive modulation is nowadays one of the key components in most wireless communication standards such as the high speed packet access (HSPA) and the worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), since it allows for high data rates over fading channels ~\cite{c1}. In particular the tr...
2,869,038,156,149
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the expanding universe is homogeneous and isotropic on scales larger than about $100$-Mpc, it can be modeled by the so-called FRW metric \cite{roos} \begin{eqnarray}\label{frw} ds^{2}=dt^{2}-a^{2}\left( t\right) \left[ \frac{dr^{2}}{1-kr^{2} +r^{2}d\Omega ^{2}\right], \end{eqnarray} ...
2,869,038,156,150
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The ongoing search for extrasolar planets has been spectacularly successful, with over 1500 confirmed planets discovered to date\footnote{{\tt http://exoplanets.org/}}, including many small objects suspected of being rocky. For a subset of these smallest detected exoplanets, bot...
2,869,038,156,151
arxiv
\section{Vorwort} \markboth{{\rm Der quantisierte {\sc Hall}-Effekt.} {\it Version 2.01 (30.\,06.\,97)\/}} {{\rm Der quantisierte {\sc Hall}-Effekt.} {\it Version 2.01 (30.\,06.\,97)\/}} Die experimentelle Entdeckung des quantisierten {\sc Hall}-Effekts durch {\sc von\,Klit\-zing},% \linebreak {\sc Dor\-da} un...
2,869,038,156,152
arxiv
\subsection*{Acknowledgements} We are grateful to the referees for their interest in this work and helpful remarks, which helped improve the presentation. \addtocontents{toc}{\protect\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}} \makeatletter \def\@pnumwidth{2em} \def\@tocrmarg {3.5em} \makeatother \tableofcontents \s...
2,869,038,156,153
arxiv
\section*{Nomenclature} \noindent\begin{tabular}{@{}lcl@{}} \textit{$\lambda$} &=& wavelength\\ \textit{$\Delta\lambda$} &=& spectral bandwidth of filter\\ \textit{$\tau$} &=& pulse duration\\ \textit{$T$} &=& pulse interval\\ \textit{$P_{peak}$} &=& peak emitted optical power\\ \textit{$P_{ave}$} &=& average emitted...
2,869,038,156,154
arxiv
\chapter{Introduction} Thirteen is the number of independent parameters required to describe the fermion sector of the standard model: nine masses, three mixing angles, and a CP-violating phase. Although such a plethora of arbitrary parameters is usually regarded as a weakness, we could instead view the situation as a...
2,869,038,156,155
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Multi-layer cellular neural networks (MCNNs) are large aggregates of analogue circuits presenting themselves as arrays of identical cells which are locally coupled. MCNNs have been widely applied in studying the signal propagation between neurons, and in image processing, pattern recognition and...
2,869,038,156,156
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Decomposition, the observation that a local quantum field theory is sometimes a disjoint union of other local quantum field theories, has by now been extensively studied since its initial observation in \cite{Hellerman:2006zs} in two-dimensional gauge theories with trivially-acting subgroups, s...
2,869,038,156,157
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The nonabelian Hodge theory established by Hitchin and Simpson associates representations of the topological fundamental group of an algebraic variety $X$ over $\mathbb C$ to a holomorphic object on $X$ named Higgs bundle. Later, Ogus and Vologodsky established the nonabelian Hodge theory in...
2,869,038,156,158
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of galaxy populations in high-redshift large-scale structures can give us important clues about the star formation history and galaxy formation process in such environments \citep{wf91,bekki98,kodama98,vandok05,mei06}. However, the detection of distant galaxy clusters is not trivial. ...
2,869,038,156,159
arxiv
\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@{\@startsection{section}{1}{\zeta@} {3ex plus-1ex minus-.2ex}{1pt plus1pt}{\large\sf\bfseries\boldmath}} \def\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\zeta@} {1.5ex plus-1ex minus-.2ex}{0.01pt plus1pt}{\sf\slshape}} \def\@startsection{subsubsection}{...
2,869,038,156,160
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Despite the remarkable success of cosmological models based on \ac{CDM}\ in explaining large-scale structure and other cosmological phenomena, \ac{CDM}\ has faced challenges in predicting aspects of small-scale structure, such as the abundance of dwarf galaxies and the dark-ma...
2,869,038,156,161
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Layered $\rm Fe_2As_2$-materials have raised enormous attention due to the discovery of superconductivity with transition temperatures $T_\mathrm{C}$ up to 28~K in LaFeAsO$_{1-x}$F$_x$ .~\cite{Kamihara2008} Upon substitution of La by rare earths, $T_\mathrm{C}$ is increased to above 50~K.~\cite{...
2,869,038,156,162
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent advances in networked systems such as sensor networks as well as the increasing need for solving high dimensional problems more efficiently have stimulated a significant interest in distributed optimization methods. In the distributed optimization approach, each node of a network solves a ...
2,869,038,156,163
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, there has been significant progress in our understanding of QCD at high energy, based on the observations that \texttt{(i)} the gluon number fluctuations play an important role in the evolution towards saturation and the unitarity limit \cite{MS04,IMM04} and \texttt{(ii)} the QCD evolu...
2,869,038,156,164
arxiv
\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{3}% \z@{.5\linespacing\@plus.7\linespacing}{.3\linespacing}% {\bfseries\centering}} \makeatother \makeatletter \def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}% \z@{.5\linespacing\@plus.7\linespacing}{.3\linespacing}% {\centering}} \makeatother \makeatletter \def\ifx\...
2,869,038,156,165
arxiv
\section{}\label{} \section{Introduction and \mbox{p-A} data analysis} The suppression of charmonium states in nuclear collisions is considered as one of the most powerful signatures of the production of a deconfined state~\cite{Sat86}. However, it was soon realized that cold nuclear matter effects, and in particula...
2,869,038,156,166
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s.intro} Let $G = (V_G,E_G)$ be a simple graph (no loops or multiple edges) with vertex set $V_G = \{x_1, \dots, x_n\}$ and edge set $E_G$. We can associate to $G$ a square-free monomial ideal \[\mathcal{I}(G) = (x_ix_j ~|~ \{x_i, x_j\} \in E_G) \subset R = k[x_1, \dots, x_n]\] The ideal...
2,869,038,156,167
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The notion of a balanced word originates from combinatorial studies of words \cite{L}, with its applications appearing in various areas where one needs to distribute objects as ``evenly'' as possible, for example, in algorithms dealing with synchronisation of processes and optimisation \cite{AGH,...
2,869,038,156,168
arxiv
\section{Appendix} Table~\ref{tab:signpi} shows runtimes for each of the three Circa\xspace optimizations compared to ReLU baseline runtime. \input{tables/PI_runtime} \section{Background}\label{sec:background} \subsection{Private Inference} We consider a client-server model where the client sends their input to the ser...
2,869,038,156,169
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Understanding the origin of the Galactic field population is one of the most important outstanding problems in astrophysics. The field is likely a mixture of many types of star-forming region, but at present we have little information on the `average' star forming region that populates the fiel...
2,869,038,156,170
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Online social networks can be hijacked by malicious actors who run massive influence campaigns on a population and potentially disrupt societies. Online extremists have utilized social networks to recruit and spread propaganda \citep{markszamanisis}. There have been multiple reports alleging th...
2,869,038,156,171
arxiv
\section*{Preamble} This paper is devoted to Henri Faure who celebrated his $80^{{\rm th}}$ birthday on July 12, 2018. Henri is well known for his pioneering work on low-discrepancy sequences. As an example we would like to mention his famous paper \cite{fau} from 1982 in which he gave one of the first explicit constr...
2,869,038,156,172
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} \setlength{\mathindent}{0pt} Collisional depolarization cross sections between an alkali-metal and rare gas atom play important role in understanding the global interactions between the two species. Studies of excited atom collisions with other neutral atoms and molecules ar...
2,869,038,156,173
arxiv
\section{Approximate Continuous-Discrete Inference} \label{sec:background} \vspace{-0.5em} We begin with a review of approximate continuous-discrete Bayesian filtering and smoothing, inference techniques employed by our proposed model. Consider the following It\^o SDE, \begin{equation} d{\mathbf{z}}_t = {\ma...
2,869,038,156,174
arxiv
\section{ mixed-state preparation non-contextuality $\Rightarrow$ 1M$\psi$E } We start by encapsulating the first definition of M$\psi$E first introduced in \cite{maroney12}. For arbitrary two quantum states $|\phi\rangle $ and $|\psi\rangle$, by the definition of 1M$\psi$E model, the following condition holds. ...
2,869,038,156,175
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Consider a fair even odds game in which we win or lose a proportion $r$ of our capital in every round. As \begin{equation} (1+r)(1-r)=1-r^2,\quad r>0,\label{binf} \end{equation} we reduce our capital by factor $r^2$ if we win once and lose once (assuming that every time we stake all our capital...
2,869,038,156,176
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Vertical charge transfer in a superlattice subjected to a homogeneous electric field (biased superlattice, BSL, with equipopulated levels) has been under investigation starting 70th (see Ref. \cite{1} and references in the reviews of Ref. \cite{2}). The stimulated emission in the mid-infrared (I...
2,869,038,156,177
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The problem of geometric Hermite approximation is to estimate a curve from a finite number of its samples, consisting of both points on the curve and their associated, normalized tangent vectors. This problem is fundamental in Computer Aided Geometric Design (CAGD), see, e.g.,~\cite{de1987high,...
2,869,038,156,178
arxiv
\section{Introduction} When materials absorb or release heat, their temperature varies in general. However, if a phase change occurs in materials, then the temperature only slightly varies, even though a large amount of energy is stored or released. Only after the phase change is over does the temperature begin to...
2,869,038,156,179
arxiv
\section{Motivation, Basics} The $min$-algebra, $\N^\infty=\N\sqcup\{+\infty\}$ together with the binary operation of taking minimum is our main motivation. \begin{defn} By a tropical space, we mean a pointed set $(T,\infty)$ together with a $minimum$-function $\min=\min_T:T\times T\to T$ satisfying $$\min (t,\in...
2,869,038,156,180
arxiv
\subsection{Classifier} \label{subsec:classifier} Firstly, we split data into 80\% for training and 20\% for later evaluation. Similarly to the works mentioned in this document, we built a humor classifier but for the Spanish language. Such works used Support Vector Machine (SVM) and a Multinomial version of Naïve Bay...
2,869,038,156,181
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sect:intro} The purpose of the present paper is to identify the mirror B-model objects that enable us to solve certain graph enumeration problems. We consider simple and orbifold Hurwitz numbers, by giving a graph enumeration formulation for these numbers. We then show that the mir...
2,869,038,156,182
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s1} Difference equations play a role in various contexts of mathematical physics (see e.g. \cite{FR} and references therein). We are interested in the application to the form factor program in the exact integrable 1+1 dimensional field theory, which was formulated in 1978 by one of the auth...
2,869,038,156,183
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Human oriented technology has a central role in computer vision and can greatly advance daily-life related applications. For example, face verification for surveillance~\cite{face} and clothing parsing for fashion search~\cite{clothliu}. One of the most fundamental human oriented techniques is t...
2,869,038,156,184
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Vehicular communications are deemed as integral component for the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) that allow automobiles to stay connected with their surroundings as well as remote entities. They aim to provide anytime-anywhere connectivity to enable a wide range of critical and convenie...
2,869,038,156,185
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent development of hardware and software for computation and communication has opened up the possibility of large scale control systems, whose components are spatially distributed over large areas. The necessity to use communication and energy-supply resources ``parsimoniously'' has given...
2,869,038,156,186
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The mathematical problem of optimal mass transport has a long history dating back to its introduction in \textcite{Monge1781}, with key contributions by \textcite{Kantorovich1942} and \textcite{Kantorovich1957}. It has recently received increased interest due to numerous...
2,869,038,156,187
arxiv
\section{Gravity with Anisotropic Scaling} The central idea of \cite{mqc,lif} is a minimalistic one: to formulate quantum gravity as a quantum field theory, with the spacetime metric as the elementary field, in the standard path-integral language. Quantum field theory (QFT) has emerged from the 20th century as the...
2,869,038,156,188
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The roundworm \textit{C. elegans} is commonly used in neuroscience because the connectome (the connectivity between all 302 neurons of the nervous system) has been entirely mapped, the genome has been sequenced, and genetic manipulations are relatively trivial \cite{white1986structu...
2,869,038,156,189
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $(X,\rho )$ be a compact metric space, and $I=[0,1]$. Denote by $\mathcal C(X)$ the class of continuous maps $X\to X$, and let $\mathcal C$ stand for $\mathcal C(I)$. By $\mathbb N$ and $\mathbb N_0$ we denote the set of positive, or nonnegative integers, respectively. $(X,f)$, with $f\in \...
2,869,038,156,190
arxiv
\section{Analysis of Offline Local Search Algorithms for Facility Location} \label{appendix:local-search} In this section, we prove theorems related to the local search algorithms for facility location. \subsection{Local Search for facility location} \uflapprox* \begin{proof} This proof is almost identical to the an...
2,869,038,156,191
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The study of the fundamental ground-state properties of exotic nuclei is one of the challenges in contemporary nuclear physics research \cite{nupecc2010}. Laser spectrosopic methods contribute to this ongoing research endeavor by providing information on the nuclear electromagn...
2,869,038,156,192
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fractional calculus is the calculus of differentiation and integration of non-integer orders. During last three decades or so, fractional calculus has gained much attention due to its demonstrated applications in various fields of science and engineering \cite{oldham,samko,miller,podlubny,kilbs,...
2,869,038,156,193
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There has been a growing interest over the past years in the analysis of elastic waves in thin plates in the metamaterial community with the theoretical proposal \cite{farhat09,farhat09PRL}, and its subsequent experimental validation \cite{stenger12,misseroni16} of a broadband cloak for flexural ...
2,869,038,156,194
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro} The philosophy underlying the theory of trisections is that four-dimensional objects can be decomposed into three simple pieces whose intersections are well-enough controlled that all of the four-dimensional data can be encoded on the two-dimensional intersection of the three pi...
2,869,038,156,195
arxiv
\section{Introduction and results} The evolution of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) produced in heavy ion collisions is fairly well described, after a short period of thermalization and before hadronization, by relativistic hydrodynamics, consistently with the strongly coupled regime of such system \cite{arsene}. Nume...
2,869,038,156,196
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A merger of binary neutron stars (NSs) is one of the most promising targets of direct detection of gravitational waves (GWs). Such a detection pointing to a few hundred Mpc is expected to come true in the very near future with the second generation of ground-based GW detectors (Abadie et al. 2010...
2,869,038,156,197
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION\vspace{-2ex}} \normalsize Recent advancements in materials studies and the field of terahertz spectroscopy have led to the widespread use of optics, emitters, and equipment for the THz frequency range. This has resulted in improvements in device performance and has created a demand for the develop...
2,869,038,156,198
arxiv
\section{Introduction} JavaScript is one of the fundamental technologies underpinning the world wide web today. From its humble beginnings as a scripting language to support basic interactive content, it has matured to the point where it powers large applications for multi-billion dollar businesses. In addition to cli...
2,869,038,156,199
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{Introduction} It is well known that coatings are subjected to \textit{residual stresses}, already present at the end of the deposition process. These stresses have two main origins. \textit{Intrinsic stresses}, which are due to the deposition process itself, depending on the depositi...
2,869,038,156,200
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Negative refraction phenomenon has attracted many interests since its prediction by Veselago a half century ago.~\cite{veselago1968electrodynamics} Veselago predicted that if a material possesses simultaneous negative dielectric constant ($\varepsilon$) and magnetic permeability ($\mu$), i...
2,869,038,156,201
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec_introduction} The interaction of an intense laser pulse with an over-dense plasma, possessing a sharp density gradient, can result in accelerate charged particles with relativistic velocities \citep{wilks92,wilks97,kruer85, brunel87,brunel88,kruer,ren06,beg97}. The irradiation of stru...
2,869,038,156,202
arxiv
\section{Conclusions \label{sec6}} While the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with a most general flavour structure has been extensively studied in the context of collider signatures, the possibility of squark flavour mixing has not been considered for observables related to dark matter so far. However, a...
2,869,038,156,203
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} In classical Newton's theory of gravity, gravity obeys the inverse square law\cite{01}. That is, the gravitational force between two mass point $m_1$ and $m_2$ is \begin{equation} f= \frac{G_N m_1 m_2}{r^2}, \end{equation} where $G_N$ is the newtonian gravitational const...
2,869,038,156,204
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Powerful concentration and deviation inequalities for suprema of empirical processes have been derived during the last 20 years. These inequalities turned out to be crucial for example in the study of consistency and rates of convergence for many estimators. Unfortunately, the known inequalitie...
2,869,038,156,205
arxiv
\section{Introduction The notion of toric orbifold was initiated by Davis and Januskiewicz in their pioneering paper \cite{DJ}. After 19 years it was explicitly studied in \cite{PS} by Poddar and the first author with the name quasitoric orbifold. A toric orbifold $X$ is an orbifold admitting an effective action by a c...
2,869,038,156,206
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Much of algebraic geometry is governed by the numerical properties of the canonical class. Other useful properties such as uniruledness and rational connectivity have also played a major role. Also closed smooth projective varieties, and more generally K\"{a}hler manifolds have been studied exten...
2,869,038,156,207
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace{-2mm} Expectation for the emergence of artificial intelligence is growing these days triggered by the recent results in reinforcement learning (RL) using a deep neural network (NN)\cite{DQN,AlphaGo}. Our group has propounded for around 20 years that end-to-end RL from sensors to motors u...
2,869,038,156,208
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s0} It has been an important subject in differential geometry to study when a smooth manifold carries a Riemannian metric of positive scalar curvature. A famous theorem of Gromov and Lawson \cite{GL80}, \cite{GL83} states that an area enlargeable manifold (in the sense of \cite{GL8...
2,869,038,156,209
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum contextuality is a feature of quantum physics which contradicts the prediction of theories assuming realism and non-contextuality. Like entanglement, quantum contextuality was first considered as a paradox and is now recognized as a quantum resource for quantum information and quantum com...
2,869,038,156,210
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $C$ be a \emph{convex body}, i.e. a convex and compact set of $\mathbb R^n$. Let $\mathcal K^n$ be the set of all convex bodies. Let $|C|$ be the \emph{$n$-dimensional volume} (or Lebesgue measure) of $C$. The classical Hermite-Hadamard inequality (proven independenty by Hermite 1881 and H...
2,869,038,156,211
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Stochastic gradient-based optimization is plagued by the presence of numerous hyperparameters. While these can often be set to rule-of-thumb constants or manually-designed schedules, it is also common belief that a more information regarding the optimization landscape can help ...
2,869,038,156,212
arxiv
\section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0} \documentclass[fleqn,11pt]{article} \usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts,amssymb} \usepackage{color} \usepackage{geometry} \geometry{ hmargin=2.5cm, vmargin=2.5cm } \newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem} \newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma} \newtheorem{property}{Property} \newtheorem{conse...
2,869,038,156,213
arxiv
\section{Introduction} ~ Nowadays there is an intensive experimental effort to search for new phenomena in many fields of particle physics. These signals should be rare events where one needs to treat low statistics data and non-Gaussian errors. In order to handle these data one needs special care, since all the usu...
2,869,038,156,214
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1937, Henri Cartan (1904--2008), one of the founders of the Bourbaki group, introduced the concepts of filter and ultrafilter \cite{Cartan1, Cartan2}. These concepts were among the cornerstones of Bourbaki's exposition of General Topology \cite{Bourbaki}. For non-metrizable spaces, filte...
2,869,038,156,215
arxiv
\section*{\textbf{#1}}} \newcommand{\mathbb{A}}{\mathbb{A}} \newcommand{\mathbb{B}}{\mathbb{B}} \newcommand{\mathbb{C}}{\mathbb{C}} \newcommand{\mathbb{D}}{\mathbb{D}} \newcommand{\mathbb{E}}{\mathbb{E}} \newcommand{\mathbb{F}}{\mathbb{F}} \newcommand{\mathbb{G}}{\mathbb{G}} \newcommand{\mathbb{H}}{\mathbb{H}} \...
2,869,038,156,216
arxiv
\section{Introduction } Let $\{\xi_i, \ i\ge 1,\}$ be a sequence of random variables and $S_n=\sum_{i=1}^n \xi_i, \ n\ge 1, S_0=0.$ The asymptotic theory of partial sums $S_n$ and related partial sum-processes $S_n(t)=S_{[nt]}, \ t\ge 0$ is well developed and documented in many monographs starting with the classical b...
2,869,038,156,217
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro} Effective interference management and spatial multiplexing of data in multiuser wireless systems is greatly dependent upon the accuracy of channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. The use of feedback from receivers in multiuser wireless networks has now become a wel...
2,869,038,156,218
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{sec:intro}} Star formation within galactic disks was proceeding much faster in the first half of the history of the Universe: the cosmic star-formation rate density declined by a factor of approximately ten since $z=1$ (Madau et al. 1998, Hopkins \& Beacom 2006). The mean star-formation ra...
2,869,038,156,219
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Do Fanaroff-Riley type II (FRII; Fanaroff \& Riley, 1974) radio galaxies remain over-pressured with respect to the external medium throughout their entire active life, or do they at some point reach pressure equilibrium with their environment? The answer to this questi...
2,869,038,156,220
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The CANDECOMP/PARAFAC or canonical polyadic (CP) decomposition for multidimensional data, or tensors, is a popular tool for analyzing and interpreting latent patterns that may be present in multidimensional data. One of the most popular methods used to compute a CP decompositi...
2,869,038,156,221
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) have been an interesting topic in the areas of decision theory and game theory. MAS are composed of a number of autonomous agents. In some applications, these autonomous agents act in a self-interested manner in their dealings with numerous other agents. Even in game...
2,869,038,156,222
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Gauge/gravity correspondence, as an useful tool to explore the field theories with strong interaction, e.g. QCD, has been widely studied during the last decade. However, one might hope to learn some qualitative lessons by searching for quantities that do not depend on the details of the par...
2,869,038,156,223
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The problem of inferring unknown parameters associated to the solution of (partial) differential equations (PDEs) is referred to as an inverse problem. In such a context, when the forward problem is well-posed, the inverse problem is often ill-posed and challenging to solve, even numerically...
2,869,038,156,224
arxiv
\section{Introduction: the Mystery and the Motivation} The single inclusive muon and like-sign dimuon charge asymmetries are defined as the ratios of the difference and sum of the rates $a_{CP} = \{ \Gamma(\mu^+)-\Gamma(\mu^-)\}$/$ \{ \Gamma(\mu^+) + \Gamma(\mu^-) \}$ and $A_{CP} = \{ \Gamma(\mu^+ \mu^+)-\Gamma(\...
2,869,038,156,225
arxiv
\section{Search for \boldmath{\ensuremath{C\!P}\xspace} Violation in the decay {\boldmath$D^+\to K_{S}^0\pi^+$}~\cite{DtoKspi}} \mbox{\slshape B\kern-0.1em{\smaller A}\kern-0.1em B\kern-0.1em{\smaller A\kern-0.2em R}}~searched for \ensuremath{C\!P\!V}\xspace in the decay $D^\pm\to\ensuremath{K^0_{\scriptscriptstyle S}}...
2,869,038,156,226
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The definition of functions by recursion on the description of datatypes is the basic idea of generic programming. This method is based on defining a datatype, introduced as the \emph{universe}~\cite{mlof84:bibliopolis}, which contains datatype descriptions, such as ``a list is either emp...
2,869,038,156,227
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In neural language modelling, a neural network estimates a distribution over sequences of words or characters that belong to a given language \citep{bengio:2003}. In neural machine translation, the network estimates a distribution over sequences in the target language conditioned on a given seq...