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2,877,628,089,254 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Argument systems originate from philosophy (Toulmin 1958). More
recently they have also been studied in AI (Bondarenko et al.
1997; Cayrol 1995; Dung 1993; Dung 1995; Fox et al. 1992; Geffner
1994; Hunter 1994; Kraus et al. 1995; Lin \& Shoham 1989; Loui
1987; Loui 1998; Pollock 1987, 1992, 1994;... |
2,877,628,089,255 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The AdS/CFT correspondence \cite{Maldacena:1997re} in principle gives a precise and non-perturbative formulation of quantum gravity in terms of large $N$ gauge theories. In practice, our understanding of quantum gravity using AdS/CFT has been largely limited by difficulties in solving strongly c... |
2,877,628,089,256 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}INTRODUCTION}
Long-ranged hydrodynamic interactions in dilute bacterial suspensions drive growing orientation fluctuations, in turn leading to collective motion on length scales much larger than a single bacterium \cite{ganesh11, ganesh09, saintillan08, saintillan08b, simha02}. While large-sc... |
2,877,628,089,257 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In \cite{ChS}, Chern and Simons defined classes $ \hat{c}_n((E,\nabla))\in H^{2n-1}(X, {\mathbb R}/{\mathbb Z}(n))$ for $n\ge 1$ and
a flat bundle $(E,\nabla)$ on a ${\mathcal C}^\infty$ manifold $X$, where ${\mathbb Z}(n):={\mathbb Z}\cdot (2\pi \sqrt{-1})^n$. Cheeger and Simons defined in \c... |
2,877,628,089,258 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
To use a tool for its designed purpose, it often has to be held with a grasp that is different from the one for picking it up.
To turn a nut using a wrench, for example, one would first pick up the wrench using the fingertips and then pull it closer to the palm while transitioning to power gras... |
2,877,628,089,259 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The theory of variable-length codes, one of the most studied areas of coding theory, continues to play an
important role not only in the evolution of formal languages, but also in some applicative areas of computer science such as
data compression. The aim of this paper is to continue developi... |
2,877,628,089,260 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The goal of reinforcement learning (RL) is to learn an optimal behavior within an unknown dynamic environment, usually modeled as a Markov decision process (MDP), through trial and error \cite{sutton1998reinforcement}. Over the past years, deep RL (DRL) has achieved great successes. It has been ... |
2,877,628,089,261 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{section.01}
\textit{We motivate the study of topological vertices from a 2D conformal field theory
point of view.}
\subsection{A web of relations}
The relation of 2D conformal field theories, which describe critical surface phenomena, and
exact solutions in 2D statistical mechanical mod... |
2,877,628,089,262 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Anderson localization (AL) is a single-particle disorder induced effect which leads to exponential localization of particles' eigenfunctions \cite{Anderson1958,Krame1993,VanTiggelen1999,MuellerDelande:Houches:2009,Lagendijk2009}. In his groundbreaking work, Anderson considered non-interacting e... |
2,877,628,089,263 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgement}
This work was supported by the UW Reality Lab, Facebook, Google, and Futurewei.
\bibliographystyle{splncs04}
\section{Problem Definition}
We start with a video of a scene, taken by a stationary camera. As objects -- people, cars, bicycles -- pass through the scene, they occlude... |
2,877,628,089,264 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Image captioning aims to automatically describe the visual content of a given image with fluent and credible sentences. It is a typical multi-modal learning task, which connects Computer Vision (CV) and Natural Language Processing (NLP). Inspired by the success of deep learning methods in machine... |
2,877,628,089,265 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{R}{ecent} trend of the digitalization motivates the research interest of data-driven control~\cite{hou2013model} because of the wide access of data collected by the sensors. Instead of resorting to a first-principle model, the collected data are used either ... |
2,877,628,089,266 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Optimal transport and Wasserstein distance~\cite{Villani-09,peyre2020computational} have become popular tools in machine learning and data science. For example, optimal transport has been utilized in generative modeling tasks to generate realistic images~\cite{arjovsky20... |
2,877,628,089,267 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The general desire to break time-reversal symmetry and reciprocity in engineered photonic structures has garnered an immense amount of
recent interest. Recall that while time-reversal symmetry is only a useful notion in non-dissipative systems, reciprocity is more general:
it is defined as th... |
2,877,628,089,268 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the modern theory of critical phenomena, many analytical and numerical methods have been developed that allow to describe both qualitatively and quantitatively the critical behavior of various systems. Of course, each of these methods is associated with certain difficulties, both purely techn... |
2,877,628,089,269 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Spin-glass models describe magnetic materials that randomly interact spatially.
The mean field theory of spin-glass models, e.g., the Sherrington--Kirkpatrick model, has been solved rigorously by the full replica symmetry breaking solution~\cite{Parisi,Parisi2,Guerra,Talagrand}; however, it is e... |
2,877,628,089,270 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Suppose $h,k\ge 2$ are positive integers. The Lawson cone $M_{kh}$ is the level set
\begin{align*}
M_{kh}=\left\{z=(x,y)\in \R^k\times \R^h:\frac{|x|}{\sqrt{k-1}}=\frac{|y|}{\sqrt{h-1}}\right\}.
\end{align*}
It is known to be area-minimizing (see \cite{c1}, \cite{c2}, \cite{c3}, and \cit... |
2,877,628,089,271 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Explicit representations of groups have many uses in physics,
chemistry, and mathematics. All representations of finite groups and
compact linear groups can be expressed as unitary matrices given an
appropriate choice of basis\cite{Artin9}. This makes them natural
candidates for implementation ... |
2,877,628,089,272 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Estimating Regions of Attraction (RoA) of a dynamical system is needed in robotics for understanding the conditions under which a controller can be safely applied to solve a task. It is also needed for composing controllers and forming hybrid solutions that work from ... |
2,877,628,089,273 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This document is a template for \LaTeXe. If you are reading a paper or
PDF version of this document, please download the electronic file
\texttt{ifacconf.tex}. You will also need the class file
\texttt{ifacconf.cls}. Both files are available on the IFAC web site.
Please stick to the format defin... |
2,877,628,089,274 | arxiv | \section{Event Simulation}
The signal process of interest is the production of various resonances in association with a jet, viz. $(pp \to X(\to jj)+ j\ ; X\epsilon\{Z^{\prime}_{\mu},C_{\mu},\Phi_{6},q^*,X^{\mu\nu},S_{8}\})$\footnote{We also performed an analogous analysis of the production of the resonances in associ... |
2,877,628,089,275 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
In cyber-physical systems (CPS), we deal with the common task of directing a controllable entity through its environment towards a target state defined by local or global goals, without violating frame properties imposed by safety requirements.
For applications of limit... |
2,877,628,089,276 | arxiv | \section{Jet production at HERA}
In \textit{ep} collisions at HERA one distinguishes two processes, according to the virtuality $Q^2$ of the exchanged boson, DIS and
photo-production.
In DIS a highly virtual boson ($Q^2>1$~GeV$^2$) interacts
with a parton carrying a momentum fraction of the proton. The Born level c... |
2,877,628,089,277 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sect:intro}
The mass of a star is the parameter that, to a first approximation, is most important in
determining its evolution. However, the mass cannot be dynamically determined
for a single star, so indirect methods have been developed for estimating stellar masses.
The most w... |
2,877,628,089,278 | arxiv |
\section*{Appendix - list of propositions from \emph{Elements} mentioned in the
text of \emph{Solutio theorematum}}
\begin{flushleft}
\emph{The first number indicates
proposition number, the second one is the book number.
Latin text from \cite{Euclid-latin}, English translation of propositions from \cite{Eucl... |
2,877,628,089,279 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Among the various uses of the Path Integrals the earliest and foremost is
the application to quantum evolution.
The Path Integral formalism is appreciated
because of its compact operational notation
with all the gamut of the finite dimensional Integral Calculus, such
as integration by part... |
2,877,628,089,280 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Almost complex manifolds with Norden metric were first studied by
A.~P.~Norden \cite{N} and are introduced in \cite{Gri-Mek-Dje} as
generalized $B$-manifolds. A classification of these manifolds with
respect to the covariant derivative of the almost complex structure
is obtained in \cite{G... |
2,877,628,089,281 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is a common experience to most skyrmion practitioners that the mass
tends to come out too high. Even if one uses rather sophisticated
chiral lagrangians, incorporated vector and axial vector mesons (e.g.
\cite{vector}) one finds the predicted nucleon mass to lie nearly 50\%
too high and the... |
2,877,628,089,282 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The intracluster medium (ICM) embedded in the deep gravitational well
of clusters of galaxies has a complex multi-temperature structure
with different cospatial phases ranging from $\sim10^{6}$ to above $10^{8}$\,K.
It is thought to contain most of the baryonic mass of the cl... |
2,877,628,089,283 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Helmholtz free energy is one of the most widely used thermodynamic state functions because, for a system of $N$ particles in a fixed volume $V$ at a temperature $T$, the Helmholtz free energy $F$ must be at a minimum when the system has reached equilibrium.
Computing free energies is theref... |
2,877,628,089,284 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A distinguishing feature of non-equilibrium states is the presence of currents \cite{{ligget85},{schmittmann95},{schutz00}}. Fluctuations of currents often exhibit universal behavior \cite{Prahofer2000} and shed light on the nature of non-equilibrium
systems. Current fluctuations in classical ... |
2,877,628,089,285 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The study of subgroup lattices has a long history that began with
Richard Dedekind~\cite{Dedekind:1877}
and
Ada Rottlaender~\cite{Rottlaender:1928}, and
continued with important contributions by Reinhold Baer,
{\O}ystein Ore,
Michio Suzuki,
Roland Schmidt,
and many others ... |
2,877,628,089,286 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Artificial feedforward neural networks are parametric sets of functions given as fixed compositions of units, i.e.\ elementary functions consisting of a parametrized affine map followed by a fixed %
activation function. They are extremely useful as sets of hypothesis functions in contemporary ma... |
2,877,628,089,287 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Preliminaries}\label{intro}
Consider the linear discrete ill-posed problem
\begin{equation}
\min\limits_{x\in \mathbb{R}^{n}}\|Ax-b\| \mbox{\,\ or \ $Ax=b$,}
\ \ \ A\in \mathbb{R}^{m\times n}, \label{eq1}
\ b\in \mathbb{R}^{m},
\end{equation}
where the norm $\|\cdot\|$ is the 2-... |
2,877,628,089,288 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Evaluating the expressive power of logical formalisms is an important task in theoretical computer science. It has many applications in numerous fields such as complexity theory, verification or databases.
In this latter case, it often amounts to determine
how difficult it is to compute a qu... |
2,877,628,089,289 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}One of the possible approaches to $M$-theory is to
consider compactifications of the $11$-dimensional spacetimes of the form $%
M_{4}\times X$ where $M_{4}$ is the $4$-dimensional Minkowski space and $X$
is a $7$-dimensional manifold. If $X$ is a compact manifold with $G_... |
2,877,628,089,290 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A smooth closed surface in affine 3-space will contain pairs of points at which the affine tangent planes are parallel; indeed
the tangent plane at a given point may be parallel to that at several other points if the surface is non-convex. Associated with these
pairs of points, and the chords ... |
2,877,628,089,291 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The two major laws for the earthquake statistics are the Omori-Utsu law \cite{OmoriMain1,Utsu} and the Gutenberg-Richter (GR) law \cite{GR}.
The latter describes the frequency of earthquakes with respect to their magnitude and the former describes the rate of aftershocks decreasing in a power-l... |
2,877,628,089,292 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The discoveries of huge amounts of dust grains in high-redshift
quasars (Bertoldi et al.\ 2003; Priddey et al.\ 2003) have posed the
fundamental problems on the origin of dust in the early universe.
At such an early epoch, core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) arising
from massive stars are consid... |
2,877,628,089,293 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The main goal of this paper is to prove interior Lipschitz regularity for continuous viscosity solutions of fully nonlinear, conformally invariant, degenerate elliptic equations arising from conformal geometry.
Let $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ denote the Euclidean space of dimension $n$,
\begin{equation}... |
2,877,628,089,294 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A {\em hypergraph} is a pair $(V,E)$ where $V$ is a set and $E$ is a family of nonempty subsets of $V$. The $x\in V$ are called vertices and the $e\in E$ are called edges. We use the notations $v(G)=|V(G)|$, $e(G)=|E(G)|$. A hypergraph is called {\em $r$-uniform} if all edges have size $r$. A {\... |
2,877,628,089,295 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Maximally monotone operators have proven to be a significant class of
objects in both modern Optimization and Functional Analysis. They
extend both the concept of subdifferentials of convex functions, as
well as that of a positive semi-definite function. Their study in the context of
Banach spac... |
2,877,628,089,296 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1968 Simons \cite{Sim68} (see also \cite[$\S$7 or $\S$9]{Che68} and
\cite[$\S$1.6]{Xin03}) showed that the second fundamental form of an immersed
minimal hypersurface in the sphere or in the Euclidean space
satisfies a second order elliptic partial differential equation,
which can imply the f... |
2,877,628,089,297 | arxiv | \section{ Introduction }
We present a direct calculation of the $\Delta F=2$ heavy-light
mixing matrix element,
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{matrix hl}
M_{hl}(\mu) \equiv \langle \bar P_{hl}|\bar h \gamma_\rho
(1-\gamma_5)l \bar h \gamma_\rho(1-\gamma_5)l|P_{hl}\rangle,\!\!
\end{eqnarray}
where we have suppressed the scale... |
2,877,628,089,298 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A martensitic transformation (MT)~\cite{Ashby1998} is a diffusionless phase transition, triggered by temperature or stress, that changes the symmetry of a high-temperature phase (austenite) and forms variants of a low temperature phase (martensite).
Most of the MTs are irreversible, as dislocatio... |
2,877,628,089,299 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The generalised Chaplygin gas \cite{Kamenshchik:2001cp} (hereafter gCg) is a cosmological model which has raised some interest thanks to its ability to describe alone the dynamics of the entire dark sector of the Universe, i.e. Dark Matter and Dark Energy. The gCg is a perfect fluid characterise... |
2,877,628,089,300 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Frustration is becoming
considerably more relevant
in modern condensed-matter physics
because nontrivial and fascinating phenomena
often occur owing to the quantum nature
in systems including frustrations.
A typical frustrated magnet
is the triangular-lattice antiferromagnet.
This ... |
2,877,628,089,301 | arxiv | \section*{Appendix}
\begin{figure}
\[
\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\includegraphics[height=17cm]{treeTranslation}
\]
\caption{Steps involved in translating $T_3$ to an NFA.\label{fig:treeTranslation}}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\label{fig:diningphilos}
\[
\includegraphics[height=8cm]{philodecomposition}
\]
\caption{Decompositi... |
2,877,628,089,302 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Radiative nonleptonic kaon decays represent a source of information
on the structure of the weak interactions at low energies, and
provide crucial tests of the Chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT). The
current paper presents new results related to study of the
$K^\pm\to\pi^\pm e^+e^-$, $K^\pm\to\pi... |
2,877,628,089,303 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Modern deep neural networks often have a huge amount of trainable parameters, especially in complex image classification and recognition tasks. For instance, AlexNet[8] has 62 million trainable parameters, ResNet-50[9] has over 23 million trainable parameters, VGGNet[7] has 138 million trainable ... |
2,877,628,089,304 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Coalescence of a pair of droplets in a concentrated emulsion flowing through a 2D microchannel can trigger a cascade of similar events in their neighbourhood, giving rise to an avalanche that propagates through the emulsion \cite{Bremond2011, Gunes2010a} (See figure \ref{fig:schematic-model} A, f... |
2,877,628,089,305 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:one}Introduction}
Quasi-particles are excitations of the matter. According to modern many body
theory, Elementary particles and quasi-particles are basic construction of
matters. The latter are crucial for understanding many phenomena in
condensed matter physics. Actually, quasi-particles can be re... |
2,877,628,089,306 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:conclusion}
Human cognition has a strong affective component that has been relatively undeveloped in AI systems. Language that explains emotions generated at the sight of a visual stimulus gives us a way to analyze how image content is related to affect, enabling learning that can l... |
2,877,628,089,307 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A knot is \emph{algebraic} if it arises as a link of an isolated singularity of a complex curve.
Algebraic knots are special cases of iterated torus knots.
In 1976, Rudolph \cite{Rudolph} asked for a description of the subgroup of the knot concordance group generated by algebraic knots.
For ease... |
2,877,628,089,308 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The analogy between the QCD vacuum and the superconductor is
an interesting current topics for the study of the confinement
mechanism \cite{YN}.
The key point is the use of the maximally abelian(MA) gauge,
because QCD reduces into the abelian gauge theory including
QCD-monopoles\cite{GtH81}.
Re... |
2,877,628,089,309 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The development of optimal, objective, and reproducible methods for the analysis of high-resolution absorption systems is essential for analysing the high quality data now being obtained on new astronomical facilities. Forthcoming facilities like the ELT clearly demand sophistic... |
2,877,628,089,310 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Audio source separation aims to separate one or more target audio sources from mixture signals \cite{Virtanen:07:msssbnmfwtcasc,Stefan:17:imssbdnntdanb}. The separated sources often contain distortions, artifacts, and unwanted signals from the other sources in the mixtures. An e... |
2,877,628,089,311 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The problem of determining whether a Boolean formula is unsatisfiable is called Boolean unsatisfiability (UNSAT) problem. Its opposite the Boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem is famous in mathematical logic and computing theory, which is one of the first proven NP-complete problems \cite{Co... |
2,877,628,089,312 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The periconception window, which runs from 14 weeks before conception till the end of the first trimester, is crucial for pre- and postnatal health \citep{SteegersTheunissen2013}. Prenatal growth and development during this period is predominantly monitored via ultrasound imaging \citep{Liu2019}.... |
2,877,628,089,313 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Over the years, the study of thermal properties in quantum field theories has been of great interest. In the last decade, the discovery of the gauge/gravity correspondence \cite{Maldacena:1997re,Gubser:1998bc,Witten:1998qj} has provided tools for the study of a large class of strongly-coupled no... |
2,877,628,089,314 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Intro}
In the recent years, with the rapid technological progress in the
production of micro- and nano-channels, the understanding of fluid
flow on the nanoscale\cite{Drake,Meller} has become crucial for modern
nanotechnology (such as the ``lab on a chip'' and related microfluidi... |
2,877,628,089,315 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Let $X/{\mathbb C}$ be a smooth complex variety, and $M = (E,\nabla)$ a vector bundle with an integrable connection on $X.$ Recall that the Grothendieck $p$-curvature conjecture \cite[I]{Kat72}
predicts that $M$ has finite monodromy if it has a full set of algebraic solutions mo... |
2,877,628,089,316 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Top-quark pair production is one of the key measurements performed at the LHC. The detailed analysis of the top quark properties will contribute to a better understanding of the origin of particle masses and electroweak symmetry breaking, and it might also give hints on the physics that lies beyo... |
2,877,628,089,317 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $(X, \tau)$ be a topological space and $\rho$ be a metric on
$X$. Given $\epsilon > 0$, a nonempty subset $A$ of $X$ is said to
be {\it fragmented by $\rho$ down to $\epsilon$} if each nonempty
subset of $A$ contains a nonempty $\tau$--relatively open subset
of $\rho$-diameter less than $\ep... |
2,877,628,089,318 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A large and rapidly growing number of applications of the heavy quark
theory requires
predictions in the Minkowski domain. The inclusive width of
the heavy flavour hadrons is one the best known examples. All
predictions of this type are based on the so-called QCD duality
(for a recent discussi... |
2,877,628,089,319 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{S1}
Internet access has become almost ubiquitously supported by the global terrestrial mobile networks relying on the fourth-generation (4G) and fifth-generation (5G) wireless systems. Hence, having Internet access has become virtually indispensable. The provision of Internet-above-the-cl... |
2,877,628,089,320 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Selberg integral is a multi-dimensional generalization of the Euler beta integral \cite{Se44}.
As surveyed in \cite{FW08}, after a dormant period of over thirty years since its discovery in the early 1940's,
it shot into prominence upon the realization of its relevance to random matrix theor... |
2,877,628,089,321 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Summary}
\label{sec:intro}
As a consistent theory of quantum gravity, string/M-theory is expected to provide microscopic understandings of quantum aspects of black holes (BHs). In a celebrated work \cite{Strominger:1996sh}, this hope was realized for extremal black holes in Minkowski spacetim... |
2,877,628,089,322 | arxiv | \section{Presentation of the Model\label{Presentation of the Model}}
The most general form of a translation invariant model for fermions with
two-body interactions\ in a cubic box $\Lambda _{L}\doteq \{\mathbb{Z}\cap
\left[ -L,L\right] \}^{d}$ ($d$-dimensional crystal) of volume $|\Lambda
_{L}|$, $L\in \mathbb{N}_... |
2,877,628,089,323 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Statement of the Main Result}\label{sec.1}
Consider a Schr\"odinger operator
\begin{equation}\label{eq:so}
[H \psi](x) = - \psi''(x) + V(x) \psi(x)
\end{equation}
in $L^2(\mathbb{R})$. Associated with such an operator is spectral information, such as the spectrum and the spectral measures.
... |
2,877,628,089,324 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Relativistic ejections (jets) are a common consequence of accretion processes onto stellar-mass black holes.
In the low/hard state (LHS) and in the quiescent state of black hole candidates (BHCs) a
compact, steady jet is on.
The jet is highly quenched in the high/soft state (HSS) of BHCs (see \ci... |
2,877,628,089,325 | arxiv | \section{Introduction
Computational game theory studies the algorithmic nature of conflicting entities and establishes {\em equilibria}: A state of balance that minimises the negative effects among players. The field has attracted much attention in the recent 10-15 years due to applications in multi-agent systems, ele... |
2,877,628,089,326 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Section:Introduction}
The {\em core of a graph} $G$, $C(G)$, was first introduced by Dulmage and Mendelsohn \cite{dulmage1958coverings,dulmage1959coverings} as part of their theory on decomposition of bipartite graphs. If $T$ is a tree and $T=C(T)$, then $T$ is a {\em BC-tree}, also kno... |
2,877,628,089,327 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The considerable high capital and operational costs on semiconductor fabrication have motivated most semiconductor companies to outsource it is a fabrication to off-shore foundries.
Despite the reduced cost and other benefits,
this trend has led to ever-increasing security risks such as
IC co... |
2,877,628,089,328 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and background}
There is a large number of classes of operators in the literature, see for example \cite{BBDP07, C14, D03, M03, PR12}. Most of these previous works have followed a very similar script, trying to prove similar properties, of which we can highlight the following: characterize the ele... |
2,877,628,089,329 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A supersymmetric grand unified description\cite{Dimopoulos:1981yj,
Dimopoulos:1981zb, Ibanez:1981yh, Sakai:1981gr, Einhorn:1981sx, Marciano:1981un}
of the fundamental forces of nature has been the holy grail of particle physics
for many years now. Such a unified description would bring some order... |
2,877,628,089,330 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
LHC will reach up to ten times the design luminosity $(5-10\times 10^{34}cm^{-2}s^{-1})$ resulting in unprecedented radiation conditions in a collider experiment \cite{Collaboration2011}. The CMS Endcap calorimeters covering pseudorapidity between 1.6 and 3 will need to be replaced with a high gr... |
2,877,628,089,331 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The importance of inputs to a function is commonly
measured via Sobol' indices. Those are defined in terms
of the functional analysis of variance (ANOVA) decomposition, which is conventionally defined
with respect to statistically independent inputs.
In applications to computer... |
2,877,628,089,332 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{}
Heavy quarkonium,
the bound state of a heavy quark-antiquark pair,
is a prime example of
a strongly interacting system
whose properties are
well documented in perturbative QCD.
With the advent of new theoretical framework, such as
effective field theory (EFT) and threshold exp... |
2,877,628,089,333 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Scaling symmetries of space and time shape the modern theory of developed turbulence~\cite{frisch1999turbulence}, which assumes that equations of motion for a velocity field $\mathbf{u}(\mathbf{r},t)$ are invariant with respect to the scaling transformations
\begin{equation}
\label{eq1}
t,\mat... |
2,877,628,089,334 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A scalar field is known to be described by the Klein-Gordon theory. Even though this description is part of the extensively verified physical theory of Standard model, it encounters certain difficulties.
Space-time localization or, in other words, the definition of general space-time operators ... |
2,877,628,089,335 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The chiral magnetic effect (CME) proposed in \cite{kharzeev,kz,Kharzeev:2007jp,fukushima} provides a new probe of the QCD phase transition and the formation of quark-gluon plasma via relativistic heavy ion collisions(RHIC). The physical picture of CME relies on the interplay between the helici... |
2,877,628,089,336 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper deals with first-order optimality conditions for general optimization problems of the form
\begin{equation}\label{EqGenOptProbl}
\min_z f(z)\quad\mbox{subject to}\quad P(z)\in D
\end{equation}
where the mappings $f:\R^d\to \R$ and $P:\R^d\to\R^s$ are assumed to be continuously d... |
2,877,628,089,337 | arxiv | \section{Soft spheres: Model and background}
\label{sec:background}
We first introduce the soft sphere model and summarize prior results regarding linear elasticity near jamming.
\subsection{Model}
We perform numerical simulations of the Durian bubble model \cite{durian95}, a mesoscopic model for wet foams and emul... |
2,877,628,089,338 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The scattering transform is a wavelet-based model of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), introduced for signals defined on $\mathbb{R}^n$ by S. Mallat in \cite{mallat:scattering2012}. Like the front end of a CNN, the scattering transform produces a representation of an inputted signal through... |
2,877,628,089,339 | arxiv | \section*{This is an unnumbered first-level section head}
\par
\section{Introduction}
The main objective of this work is to perform a rigorous mathematical analysis of a system of nonlinear partial differential equations corresponding to a generalization of a mathematical model describing the growth of a tumor propo... |
2,877,628,089,340 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Actually, any quantum system interacting with the environment (the
bath) can not be isolated from the environment completely. \cite{Quantum Ddecoherence}
In quantum information and quantum computation, \cite{QInformation}
the decay process of quantum system induced by quantum fluctuations
... |
2,877,628,089,341 | arxiv | \subsection{Multiple saddle-node bifurcations, hysteresis, and isolas}
\label{sec:hysteresis and isolas}
We conduct here a numerical investigation into the qualitative nature of bistability for the Toggle Switch model. We once present the simplest explanation for the attractors computed with DSGRN in Table \ref{tab:pa... |
2,877,628,089,342 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A hypercomplex structure $\mathcal Q$ on a manifold $M$ is a set of
integrable complex structures on $M$ of the form $\mathcal Q = \{ aI +
bJ + cK;\ a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = 1\}$, where $I$, $J$, $K=IJ$ are complex structures satisfying $IJK = -1$.
A Riemannian metric $g$ on $M$ is called hyper-Herm... |
2,877,628,089,343 | arxiv |
\section{Planar graphs and nodal 3-connectivity}
\label{criterion}
\input{plane}
\section{Conditions for a convex combination map to be an embedding}
\label{convex combination embedding section}
\input{convcomb}
\section{Ambient isotopy}
\label{ambient isotopy section}
\input{ambient}
\section*{Acknowledgement}
T... |
2,877,628,089,344 | arxiv | \section{Motivations}
Ultimately, we would like to study the finite temperature phase transition
in QCD and the properties of the plasma phase (QGP), with physical values
of the quark masses and in the continuum limit.
The present project attempts to set the stage for such a complete study.
In this study we consi... |
2,877,628,089,345 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
In his fundamental 1939 paper \cite{weibull}, W. Weibull summarized the experimental situation found in measurement of the ultimate strength of brittle materials: \emph{"The classical theory is obviously incompatible with numerous results of experimental research. This discrepancy m... |
2,877,628,089,346 | arxiv | \section{Motivations: Why Study {\hbox{{\rm Mg}\kern 0.1em{\sc ii}}} Systems?}
One of the central motivations for studying intervening quasar
absorption lines, is that they provide insights into galactic
evolution from the perspective of the chemical, ionization, and
kinematic conditions of interstellar, halo, and in... |
2,877,628,089,347 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Research on coupled oscillators in the past decade has been marked by the
discovery of many intriguing patterns in the collective behavior of networks~\cite{arenas2008synchronization,rodrigues2016kuramoto}. Notable
examples of such patterns are chimeras~\cite{panaggio2015chimera}, states in whi... |
2,877,628,089,348 | arxiv | \section*{Contents}
\vspace{0.018cm}
\hspace*{-0.39cm}I.\,\,\hspace{0.01cm}Introduction \hfill 3 \\
\vspace*{-0.33cm}\\
\hspace{0.15cm}II.\,\,\hspace{0.01cm}Formalism \hfill 7 \\
\hspace*{0.70cm}A.\,\,\hspace{0.01cm}The operator product expansion \hfill 7 \\
\hspace*{0.70cm}B.\,\,\hspace{0.01cm}The OPE of the sin... |
2,877,628,089,349 | arxiv | \section{Background}
\label{sec:background}
Our work focuses on WoS and Scopus which are the two most influential and most researched scholarly indexing services. Both index various types of source titles such as journals, conference proceedings and books.
Starting with WoS, is has been traditionally considered a ... |
2,877,628,089,350 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
There has been an increasing interest in named entity recognition or more generally recognizing entity mentions\footnote{Mentions are defined as references to entities that could be named, nominal or pronominal \cite{florian2004statistical}.}
\cite{alex2007recognising,finkel2009nested,lu2015joi... |
2,877,628,089,351 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In a recent paper, we studied the spectrum of a modified form of the usual Schr\"odinger-Newton system (SN) of gravity coupled to quantum mechanics (SN was originally developed in~\cite{Bon}).
Now we turn to the spherical dynamics of the self-coupled gravity introduced, in this quantum mechan... |
2,877,628,089,352 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Unitarity of the time evolution of an isolated quantum system and in particular of the associated $S$-matrix is one of the cornerstones of quantum field theory. In practical perturbative calculations however, $S$-matrix unitarity is always approximate and asymptotic. Nonetheless, s... |
2,877,628,089,353 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, $a_\mu=(g_\mu-2)/2$, is a
remarkable example of a quantity that can be studied with very high
accuracy on both the experimental and the theoretical sides. The 0.5
ppm uncertainty of the current experimental value allows to probe
contr... |
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