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2,877,628,090,454 | arxiv | \section{Experts' load percentages}
\label{sec:percent}
\begin{figure*}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{EMNLP 2022/Figs/percent.pdf}
\caption{Experts' load percentages for different encoder layers}
\label{fig:percent}
\end{figure*}
We compare the attribute distribution of tokens... |
2,877,628,090,455 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Selective rationalization \citep{lei2016rationalizing, bastings2019interpretable, swanson2020rationalizing} is a powerful explainability method, in which we construct models (\textit{rationalizers}) that produce an explanation or \textit{rationale} (e.g: text highlights or alignments; \citealt{z... |
2,877,628,090,456 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:1}
The Virtual Element Method (VEM), introduced in \cite{volley,VEM-hitchhikers}, is a recent paradigm for the approximation of partial differential equation problems that shares the same variational background of the Finite Element Methods. The original motivation of VEM is the need... |
2,877,628,090,457 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Casimir physics deals with the ubiquitous London-van der Waals dispersion forces, arising from the spontaneous polarization of neutral atoms and molecules, in a regime where retardation effects are not negligible. Accordingly, the resulting Casimir forces between macroscopic bodies are truly qua... |
2,877,628,090,458 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro}
Nearly all that is known about the X-ray spectral properties of low-mass
X-ray binaries (LMXBs) has been derived at energies above 1 keV. The
simple reason for this is that most Galactic LMXBs lie in the Galactic
plane and are therefore heavily absorbed at soft X-ray energies b... |
2,877,628,090,459 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In recent years, Convolutional Neural Networks and Vision Transformers have grown into the state-of-the-art techniques in computer vision \cite{Sutton2000} with remarkable results on famous datasets, namely ImageNet \cite{5206848}, JFT-300M \cite{Sun_2017_ICCV}. One of the main ... |
2,877,628,090,460 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusions}
We propose a video-based hand pose estimation model, temporal-aware self-supervised network (TASSN), to learn and infer 3D hand pose and mesh from RGB videos.
By leveraging temporal consistency between forward and reverse measurements, TASSN can be trained through self-supervised learning without... |
2,877,628,090,461 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Simple di- and triatomic molecules and ions are fundamental constituents of interstellar chemistry which eventually leads to the formation of complex molecules. Many of these species have ground state transitions at submillimeter- and THz wavelengths, and are therefore either difficult or not at... |
2,877,628,090,462 | arxiv | \section*{Supplemental Material}
\beginsupplement
Under ambient pressure, BiNiO$_3$ adopts a highly distorted perovskite (triclinic) crystal structure with space group $P\bar{1}$ (see Supplementary Fig.~\ref{fig:structure}). It has two inequivalent Bi and four Ni sites and is characterized by the cooperative breathin... |
2,877,628,090,463 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Theoretical studies about plastic analysis, using perfect ellipsoids, have been recently successful in explaining deformation processes of small bodies. \cite{Holsapple2001} firstly used limit analysis to calculate the limit spins of cohesionless rubble pile ellipsoids and showed that any element... |
2,877,628,090,464 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Graphical structure plays an important role in natural language processing (NLP), they often serve as the central formalism for representing syntax, semantics, and knowledge. For example, most syntactic representations (e.g., dependency relation) are tree-based while most whole-sentence semantic... |
2,877,628,090,465 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro} The Groenewold-Moyal plane is the algebra ${\cal
A}_\theta({\mathbb{R}}^{d+1})$ of functions on ${\mathbb{R}}^{d+1}$ with the
$\ast$-product $\alpha \ast_\theta \beta$ between functions
$\alpha$ and $\beta$ as the product law, where
\begin{eqnarray}
\alpha \ast_\theta \beta \;(x... |
2,877,628,090,466 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Mergers are fundamental to the cold dark matter paradigm of structure formation. They not only drive mass evolution by merging smaller dark matter haloes into larger ones, but they also change the morphology of galaxies
from late to early-type \citep[e.g.][]{1972ApJ...178..623T,1992ARA&A..30..70... |
2,877,628,090,467 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent cosmological data suggest that $26.8$ percent of the energy content of the Universe is in the form of dark matter \citep{Planck2015}, but no compelling understanding of its nature has been possible
so far. Galaxy-structure studies provide an efficient test of various dark matter candidate... |
2,877,628,090,468 | arxiv |
\subsection{A $q$-Linear Representation}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[auto,
initial text=, initial distance=5ex,
>=latex,
accepting text=,
every state/.style={minimum size=3.2em}]
\node[state, initial below, accepting] (I) at (0.000000, 0.000000) {$\mathcal{I}$};
\node[... |
2,877,628,090,469 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
So far, most exoplanets have been detected by indirect methods, based on the measurement of the effect of the companion on its host star, either in its spectrum thanks to the Doppler effect or in its photometric curve during transits. The currently known exoplanet population is therefore biased,... |
2,877,628,090,470 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
GRB 050315 \citep{va05} has been triggered and located by the BAT instrument \citep{b04,ba05} on board of the {\em Swift} satellite \citep{ga04} at 2005-March-15 20:59:42 UT \citep{pa05}. The narrow field instrument XRT \citep{bua04,bua05} began observations $\sim 80$ s after the BAT trigger, on... |
2,877,628,090,471 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The journal \textit{Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society} (MNRAS) encourages authors to prepare their papers using \LaTeX.
The style file \verb'mnras.cls' can be used to approximate the final appearance of the journal, and provides numerous features to simplify the preparation of pa... |
2,877,628,090,472 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Background}
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been widely studied for detection
and estimation problems. Recently, considerable research has focused
on the fusion of \emph{analog} rather than encoded digital data in a
distributed sensor network to improve estimation performance. ... |
2,877,628,090,473 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Simulation of the Dirac particles with condensed matter systems or some artificial systems has recently been
attracted considerable attention \cite{Wilczek1998,SLZhu2007,SLZhu2009,DWZhang2012b,Tarruell2012,Duca2015,DWZhang2012c,Gerritsma2010,Lamata2007,Casanova2010,Gerritsma2011,Casanova2011,SL... |
2,877,628,090,474 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
In the last two decades, tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of heavy-flavor
hadrons, thanks to the experimental discoveries by collaborations such as LHCb, BELLE, and BESIII and the related theoretical studies.
In the charmed baryon sector, 24 singly charmed baryons and two... |
2,877,628,090,475 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
A spin-polarized current traversing a thin magnetic layer can exert a significant torque on the magnetization through the spin transfer torque (STT) effect.~\cite{slonczewski1996jmmm,berger1996prb,tsoi1998prl,tsoi2000nt,kiselev2003nt,ralph2008jmmm,sun2008jmmm} The effect can be described as negat... |
2,877,628,090,476 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Adaptive coding techniques are frequently employed, especially in wireless communications, in order to dynamically
adjust the coding rate to changing channel conditions. An example of adaptive coding technique consists in puncturing a
mother code. When the channel condi... |
2,877,628,090,477 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Dark matter (DM) remains one of the most important mysteries in modern cosmology. One of the hypotheses for the nature of DM are Primordial black holes (PBHs) made in the early Universe from large amplitude primordial fluctuations \citep{1971MNRAS.152...75H, 1974MNRAS.168..399C, 1975Natur.253..2... |
2,877,628,090,478 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, deep learning models have achieved and continued to improve on state-of-the-art results on many NLP tasks.
However, models that perform extremely well on standard datasets have been shown to be rather brittle and easily tricked.
In particular, the idea of \emph{adversarial} ex... |
2,877,628,090,479 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Some of the most relevant properties of the universe have been established through astronomical
data associated to light curves of distant Supernova Ia \cite{riess},
the temperature anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background radiation \cite{wmap3} and the matter power spectrum of large sc... |
2,877,628,090,480 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{section:intro}
\subsection{Centralized and cooperative repair models} The problem considered in this paper is motivated by the distributed nature of the system wherein the coded data is distributed across a large number of physical storage nodes. When some storage nodes fail, the repair tas... |
2,877,628,090,481 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\emph{Lazarsfeld-Mukai} bundles were introduced by Lazarsfeld
\cite{RL} and Mukai \cite{Mu} in the 1980s. They are an important
class of vector bundles obtained from certain elementary
transformations and have found applications in studying syzygies and
Brill-Noether theory. These bundles pl... |
2,877,628,090,482 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{T}{he} initial motivation for frequent pattern mining (FPM) was to analyze the shopping behavior of customers using transactional databases and recommend frequently purchased patterns to customers \cite{agrawal1994fast,han2000mining,chen1996data,mannila1997discovery,goethals2003sur... |
2,877,628,090,483 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An {\it ornament} is a continuous map $f=\bigsqcup_{i=1}^n f_i$ from $X=\bigsqcup_{i=1}^n X_i$ to $Y$ that has
no {\it $i=j=k$ points}, i.e.\ $f(X_i)\cap f(X_j)\cap f(X_k)=\emptyset$, whenever $i$, $j$ and $k$ are
pairwise distinct.
Note that $f$ is allowed to have {\it triple points} $f(... |
2,877,628,090,484 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Sec:intro}
The source \object{\iras} was first identified by \citet{prusti92}
in an IRAS survey of pre-main sequence (PMS) stars in the Chamaeleon\,II
(Cha\,II) cloud. The source was associated with a relatively bright
($R\approx$12\,mag) off-cloud star. A later analysis of the ... |
2,877,628,090,485 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Precise measurement of inertial acceleration is vital to many space-borne
gravitational science missions, including satellite geodesy \cite{GRACE},
fundamental
physics experiments \cite{microscope, prl} and gravitational wave observation
\cite{LISA}.
The most precise accelerometers manufactured ... |
2,877,628,090,486 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Detailed interstellar medium (ISM) and chemical abundance properties of galaxies are sensitive tests of the underlying physical processes that govern galaxy evolution. Examining these in more detail in galaxy scale simulations is an important and exciting new discriminator between models. There ... |
2,877,628,090,487 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Aggregation and analysis of news related to business fields of a pharma company is a cumbersome process. Users read and process individual websites, partially aggregated news feeds and items collected from various sources, as well as edited digests, commercial feeds and newsletters receive... |
2,877,628,090,488 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The AdS/CFT correspondence~\cite{Maldacena:1997re} between
string states on Anti--de Sitter (AdS) space-time and conformal field theories (CFT) in physical space-time has
brought a new perspective for the study of the dynamics of strongly coupled quantum field theories and has led
to new analyt... |
2,877,628,090,489 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Ultrasound imaging is a popular medical imaging modality widely used in clinics. This modality is non-invasive, inexpensive and portable. However, in comparison to other modalities, such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound images of human tissues ar... |
2,877,628,090,490 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with well-known symptoms such as slowed movement, rigidity, tremor and various non-motor symptoms (NMS). The appearance of these symptoms and the disease progress, however, highly differ from patient to patient and clinical documentation do... |
2,877,628,090,491 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Elusive DM has so far evaded direct, indirect, collider and astrophysical searches. For now, the experiments PICO-2L and PICASSO have constrained the effective DM-proton spin-dependent (SD) cross section $\sigma_{\chi n}^{SD}$ to values just below $10^{-37} \, \text{cm}^{2}$ for a DM particle wi... |
2,877,628,090,492 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the last decade, there have been extensive studies in Extended Theories
of Gravity (ETG) such as the Lovelock and $f(R)$ gravity theories. The main
motivation to study the ETG is to understand the accelerated expansion of
the universe and the issue of dark matter/energy (see \cite{1} and... |
2,877,628,090,493 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Copulas are widely used and well known concepts in the realm of statistics and probability theory. The keystone of the theory is Sklar's theorem and there is a vast literature solely focussing on different proofs of this fundamental result.
Among others there are proofs based on the distributiona... |
2,877,628,090,494 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Establishing breathing and oxygenation after birth is vital for survival and long-term health. The vast majority of newly born infants make the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life without help. However, approximately $10\%$ of newborns require some form of assistance to breathe at ... |
2,877,628,090,495 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The {\it Herschel} Space Observatory\footnote{{\it Herschel} is an ESA space
observatory with science instruments provided by Principal
Investigator consortia. It is open for proposals for observing time
from the worldwide astronomical community. } \citep{pilbrattetal10}
provides an unprec... |
2,877,628,090,496 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}
Topological insulator (TI) is the quantum state of matter \cite{a1,a2,a3,a4,a5}, characterized by an energy gap in the bulk and conductive boundary (surface) states with linear dispersion law. These states are protected from impurity scattering and electron-electron interaction... |
2,877,628,090,497 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
In this paper we consider the critical behavior of macroscopic systems
with surfaces, walls, or interfaces on approaching the bulk
critical point \cite{bdl,hwd}. As is well known, the critical behavior
near boundaries normally differs from the bulk
behavior. The values of the bulk and surface cr... |
2,877,628,090,498 | arxiv | \section{The Sky is Enormous and It Varies: Why Astrophysics Needs Panoptic Spectroscopy }
The progression of sky surveys that have benefited all areas of astrophysics has, as its logical conclusion, a survey of the entire sky at as many energies as possible. Since many of the sources in the sky are changing --- in b... |
2,877,628,090,499 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Relatively pseudocomplemented lattices, often called Heyting algebras (see e.g.\ \cite I and \cite{K80}) or Brouwerian lattices (see e.g.\ \cite{K81}), arise from intuitionistic logic and were first investigated by T.~Skolem about 1920, see also \cite F and \cite{Ba}. For a detailed developmen... |
2,877,628,090,500 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\Omega$ be a smooth bounded domain in $\R^N$. In the study of the nonlinear equation
\begin{equation}
\label{equation-intro}
-\dvg( j_\xi(x,u,\nabla u)) +j_s(x,u,\nabla u)=g(x,u)\quad\,\,\, \text{in $\Omega$},
\end{equation}
an important r\v ole is played by the coerciveness feature of... |
2,877,628,090,501 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Interconnects are widely used in 2.5D/3D packages and integrated circuits (ICs) [\citen{PackagingICs_1}][\citen{PackagingICs_2}]. The power integrity/signal integrity (SI/PI) are vital to be considered in design of interconnects in high frequency region for its performance [\citen{PackagingICs_1}... |
2,877,628,090,502 | arxiv | \section{Walled Brauer Algebra and port-based like teleportation protocols}
\section{(Multi) Port-based teleportation protocols and their importance}
Quantum teleportation is one of the most important primitives in quantum information science. It performs an unknown quantum state transmission between two spatially se... |
2,877,628,090,503 | arxiv | \section{\label{Sec:LONoise} The effect of local oscillator noise on frequency standard stability}
\begin{figure} [tp]
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{Fig1R_v1.pdf}
\caption{\label{fig:traces}Effect of LO noise on the performance of a locked oscillator. Simulated evolution for a noisy LO, unlocked (black) and ... |
2,877,628,090,504 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{introduction}}
Laminar-turbulent transition of boundary-layer flows has a strong impact on the performance of flight vehicles across multiple flow regimes due to its effect on surface skin friction and aerodynamic heating. Predicting the transition location in computational fluid dynamics (... |
2,877,628,090,505 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1895 Felix Klein proposed the following geometric representation of continued fractions. For an irrational real number $\omega$ consider the ray $y = \omega x$ on the plane with the integer lattice. Let us quote Klein (1924):
\begin{quote}
Imagine pegs or needles affixed at all the integral ... |
2,877,628,090,506 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A triple $(G, +, \circ)$, where $(G, +)$ and $(G, \circ)$ are (not necessarily abelian) groups, is said to be a \emph{skew left brace} if
\begin{equation}
g_1 \circ (g_2 + g_3) = (g_1 \circ g_2) - g_1 + (g_1 \circ g_3)
\end{equation}
for all $g_1, g_2, g_3 \in G$, where $- g_1$ denot... |
2,877,628,090,507 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) is a three year photometric survey that uses a wide 47 deg$^{2}$ field of view camera on the Palomar 48-inch telescope with $g,r,i$ filters
\citep{B19a,B19b,G19,M19,D20,Z16}. During the first two years of the survey, the 40\% of the public time was used to ob... |
2,877,628,090,508 | arxiv | \section*{Methods}
\noindent \textbf{Finite-temperature field theory calculations:} We write the free propagators for the two fields as
\begin{equation}
G_{\phi}=\frac{1}{-\alpha_{\phi}+k^{2}/2+\omega^{2}/2}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
G_{\psi}=\frac{1}{-\alpha_{\psi}+k^{2}/2+\gamma\omega/k^{z-2}}
\end{equati... |
2,877,628,090,509 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{S:1}
There are two different ways to construct line fields on surfaces
immersed in $\mathbf R ^4$. The first one consists in considering
the ellipse of curvature in the normal bundle of the surface and
taking the pull back of points on this ellipse to define tangent
direction fields. Examp... |
2,877,628,090,510 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{C}{onvolutional} Neural Networks (CNNs) have recently gained a lot of attention as they outperform classical handcrafted methods in almost every computer vision tasks where data scarcity is not an issue. In biomedical image analysis, data are abundant. However, obtaining high quali... |
2,877,628,090,511 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this work we continue the investigation started in~\cite{KoRiWi13OPYM} into the positive Jacobian constraint in the Calculus of Variations. There, using a convex integration-type argument, we characterized all Young measures generated by sequences in $\mathrm{W}^{1,p}(\Omega;\mathbb{R}^d)$, w... |
2,877,628,090,512 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The double $S^1$-transfer is a stable morphism $\mathrm{tr}_2 : \mathbb{C} \mathbf{P}^\infty _+ \smash \mathbb{C} \mathbf{P}^\infty_+
\rightarrow S^{-2}$; determining its image in stable homotopy groups is a fundamental problem. This has an algebraic counterpart with respect to any complex orien... |
2,877,628,090,513 | arxiv | \chapter{Introduction}
Recent advances in our understanding of non-perturbative superstring
theory
have led to the establishment of many connections between hitherto
unrelated
superstring theories. Many of these connections involve p-brane
solutions of
the respective supergravity theories that couple to the (p+1... |
2,877,628,090,514 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Electron transport in low-dimensional systems has drawn much attention
in the field of theoretical as well as experimental research due to
flourishing development in nanotechnology and nano-scale device modeling.
Low-dimensional model quantum systems are the basic building blocks for
future g... |
2,877,628,090,515 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Asymmetric Games}
In engineering-economic and other systems, asymmetric games exist if some players have distinct advantages over other players. These advantages may be structural, e.g., first-mover advantage , e.g. Stackelberg games \cite{gabriel2012complementarity} or may take the f... |
2,877,628,090,516 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Now both GLAP [1] and BFKL [2] equations are used to describe the parton
distributions $n_i(x)$ at the small Bjorken variable $x$. The next to
leading corrections to the GLAP equation are well known. On the other hand,
the program of calculating the next-to-leading corrections to the BFKL
equati... |
2,877,628,090,517 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction}
In the limit of exact $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry, Coleman and Glashow \cite{coleman} first derived a set of relations among magnetic moments of the octet baryons. Their celebrated relations read
\begin{eqnarray}
\begin{array}{lcl}
\mu_{\Sigma^+}^{SU(3)} = \mu_p^{SU(3)}, & \qquad \q... |
2,877,628,090,518 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Substantial efforts have been made to describe the center-outward ordering of data. While it is straightforward for univariate measurements, developing such a measure is challenging for multivariate data due to the lack of total ordering in $\mathbb{R}^p$ for $p>1$, not to speak of random object... |
2,877,628,090,519 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Continuous Integration (CI) is a software development practice by which developers integrate code into a shared repository several times a day \cite{fowler2006continuous}.
However, CI gains adoption in practice, difficulties \textit{e.g.,}\xspace \cite{pinto2017inadequate} and pain points \textit... |
2,877,628,090,520 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Absorption spectroscopy is an important tool for studying the electronic
properties of materials.
For semiconductors and insulators, the low energy part of the absorption spectrum is typically
dominated by excitonic effects, which originate from electron-hole interactions that may be
screened b... |
2,877,628,090,521 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Standard combustion process is supported by the heat produced in the course of combustion reaction \cite{Lewis1987,Law2006}. When a volume where the process proceeds becomes small the reaction stops because of fast heat escape via the volume boundaries \cite{Veser2001,Fernandez2002}. For this r... |
2,877,628,090,522 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:intr}Introduction}
A large number of interesting dynamic systems can be studied and
modeled by first representing them as networks and then considering
specific dynamic models. Because the latter depend greatly on the
connectivity of the network, it becomes critical to obtain good
characterization... |
2,877,628,090,523 | arxiv | \section{Introduction.}
\noindent
Most part of the life of stars (at any stage of evolution), may be
described on the basis of the quasi-static approximation (slowly
evolving regime). This is so, because most relevant processes in star
interiors take place on time scales that are usually, much larger
than the hydr... |
2,877,628,090,524 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}[ht]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{pictures/teaser.jpg}
\end{center}
\caption{B-Rep segmentation into CAD operations types and steps.}
\label{fig:seg-group}
\end{figure}
In today’s digital era, Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is the standard option for designing... |
2,877,628,090,525 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Brans Dicke (BD) theory \cite{Will} is one of the closest cousins of General Relativity (GR). The salient feature of BD theory is that the curvature of geometry is nonminimally coupled with a scalar field, which makes Newton's constant $G$ a space-time dependent quantity. The significance of BD ... |
2,877,628,090,526 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems present the challenge of coupling a deformable structural problem to a fluid problem posed on a domain moving in accordance with the deforming structure. In the last four decades, both interface-tracking and interface-capturing ... |
2,877,628,090,527 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Electromagnetic resonators offer the possibility to enhance the interaction of waves with matter. In the RF or optical domain, they are the basis of many commercial devices, going from the microwave-oven to lasers. At the most fundamental level, they permit to explore the boundary between the cla... |
2,877,628,090,528 | arxiv | \section{Prologue: black hole baldness}
\textit{``In my entire scientific life,
extending over forty-five years, the most shattering
experience has been the realization that an exact solution
of Einstein's equations of general relativity, discovered
by the New Zealand mathematician, Roy Kerr, provides the
absolutely ... |
2,877,628,090,529 | arxiv |
\section{(\boldmath{$c,e$})-Disks and Pruning Fronts}
\label{cedisks}
We will now give a preliminary definition of what we call $(c,e)$-disks.
Later we will add a dyamical hypothesis which is not necessary at present.
\bigskip
\begin{defn}
A closed disk $D$ is called a $(c,e)$-{\em disk}\/
if there are closed arcs... |
2,877,628,090,530 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Arc diagrams are simple, combinatorial objects associated to surfaces with boundary. They consist of homotopy classes of disjoint curves, and can be thought of as embedded graphs on suitably marked surfaces. Arc diagrams and the simplicial complexes, known as arc complexes, which can be built fro... |
2,877,628,090,531 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
In this article we consider a model for haptotaxis with growth.
Haptotaxis is the directed motion of cells by migration up a gradient
of cellular adhesion sites located in the extracellular matrix (ECM).
This process appears in tumor invasion and is involved in the f... |
2,877,628,090,532 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Relating the diameter of a polyhedron to its dimension and its number of facets is a classical topic in optimization. The {\em combinatorial diameter} of a polyhedron is the maximum length of a shortest path between any two vertices in the graph (or $1$-skeleton) of the polyhedron. The famous Hi... |
2,877,628,090,533 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The physics of interacting vortex lines in high-tem\-perature superconductors
subject to strong thermal fluctuations and pointlike or extended disorder is
amazingly rich and has been a major research focus in condensed matter physics
in the past two decades \cite{BLAT}.
Vortex motion plays a ... |
2,877,628,090,534 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}\label{sec:intro}
The most prevalent theory for the origin of the galaxy spins is the tidal torque theory which explains
that a galaxy acquired its spinning motion (i.e., the angular momentum) via the tidal interaction with the
surrounding matter fluctuations at its proto-galactic stage \ci... |
2,877,628,090,535 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\noindent
\noindent
Consider a complete Riemannian manifold $(M^n,g, \nabla)$ endowed with a
metric connection $\nabla$. The torsion $T$ of $\nabla$, viewed as a
$(3,0)$ tensor, is defined by
\begin{displaymath}
T(X,Y,Z)\ :=\ g(T(X,Y),Z)\ =\ g(\nabla_XY-\nabla_YX-[X,Y] ,Z).
\end{displaymath}
Me... |
2,877,628,090,536 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{S:intro}
Racks and quandles are algebraic structures resembling conjugation in a group
or crossing relations in a knot diagram. They are also invertible solutions of
the Yang-Baxter equation \cite{zbMATH01878448}. Quandles were first observed in
nature by Joyce \cite{zbMATH03744146} and Ma... |
2,877,628,090,537 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Two classical identities in the representation theory of real Lie groups are:
\begin{theorem}
For any integer $n \geq 0$ and partition $\lambda$ with at most $n$ parts, we have
\begin{align*}
\int_{O \in O(n)} s_{\lambda}(O) dO
= \begin{cases} 1, &\text{if all parts of $\lambda$ are even } \\
0,... |
2,877,628,090,538 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
When a seismic wave propagates through a water-saturated porous medium, it produces a
relative motion between the fluid phase and the rock matrix \citep{biot_low}.
This flow transports an electrical excess charge, contained in the electrical double layer
located along grain surfaces, thus pro... |
2,877,628,090,539 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Notation}
Perfect digraphs have been introduced by Andres and Hochst\"attler
\cite{perfectdigraphs} as the class of digraphs where the clique
number equals the dichromatic number for every induced subdigraph.
Reed \cite{semistrong} showed that, if two graphs are
$P_4$-isomorphic, then eit... |
2,877,628,090,540 | arxiv | \section{\bf 1. Introduction}
In [\putref{Dowsut,Dowcycl}] I computed the operator determinants on lens space factors of
the unit 3--sphere for the Laplacian conformal in four dimensions. This meant that the
eigenvalues were squares of integers and the $\zeta$--function\ analysis was relatively straightforward
and expl... |
2,877,628,090,541 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The goal of this paper is to study the metastable dynamics of the solutions to the \emph{hyperbolic mass-conserving Allen--Cahn equation}
\begin{equation}\label{eq:hyp-nonlocal}
\tau u_{tt}+g(u)u_t+\int_0^1\left[1-g(u)\right]u_t\,dx=\varepsilon^2 u_{xx}+f(u)-\int_0^1f(u)\,dx,
\end{equation}
wher... |
2,877,628,090,542 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The field of metapopulations ecology deals with the study of spatial systems describing the behavior of interacting populations that live in fragmented habitats \cite{Hanski}. The purpose of these models is to understand how the local and global dynamics of metapopulation systems, usually bal... |
2,877,628,090,543 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Yukawa systems, i.e. many particle systems where the pair interaction potential energy is
\begin{eqnarray}
\phi(r)&=&Z_1Z_2\varphi(r) \nonumber \\
\varphi(r)&=&\frac{\exp(-\kappa r)}{r}
\end{eqnarray} have been of interest for some time. The Yukawa potential has the unique feature that by var... |
2,877,628,090,544 | arxiv | \section{Radio Astrometry and Extra-Solar Planets}
Radio astrometry has long been the gold standard for definition of
celestial reference frames (Fey et al. 2004, AJ 127, 3587) and has been
used to obtain the most accurate geometric measurements of any
astronomical technique. Astrometric results include measuremen... |
2,877,628,090,545 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis (OMSA) are crucial for determining opinion trends and attitudes about commercial products, companies reputation management, brand monitoring, or to track attitudes by mining social media, etc. Furthermore, given the explosion of infor... |
2,877,628,090,546 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum computers have the potential to greatly enhance the efficiency of certain computational problems. However, they rely on the storage and manipulation of many quantum systems in superposition, and it is this careful juxtaposition of storage and manipulation of the quantum states that render... |
2,877,628,090,547 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
Conventional (forward) optimization problems find an optimal solution for a given set of parameters. Inverse optimization, on the other hand, infers the parameters of a forward optimization problem given a set of observed solutions (typically a single point). In the liter... |
2,877,628,090,548 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
For an open subset $\mathcal{U}\subset\mathbb{R}^d$, consider the $2d$-dimensional stochastic differential equation (SDE):
\begin{equation}\label{eq:SDEgeneral}
\left\{\begin{array}{rclrcl}
d\bm{x}_t^m & = & \bm{v}_t^m\,dt &\bm{x}_0^m &=& \bm{x}, \\
d\bm{v}_t^m & = & \left[ \f... |
2,877,628,090,549 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Pricing of American or Bermudan type options, i.e., options with an early exercise feature, is one of the most classical, but also most difficult problems of computational finance, producing a vast amount of literature. Some examples of popular classes of methods include... |
2,877,628,090,550 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Fatigue fracture is one of the most common causes of component failure. Still, the underlying physical phenomena, especially on the microscale \cite{bathias_fatigue_2010}, are not fully understood. Simulating fatigue fracture, e.\,g. via the Finite Element Method (FEM), is often very time-con\-su... |
2,877,628,090,551 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Fundus images capture snapshots of the anterior portion of the eye, to detect retinal pathologies such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, macular edema, to name a few. Several automated diagnostic systems have been developed over the past decade that utilize fundus images for primary-care p... |
2,877,628,090,552 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
In elastodynamic wave theory, a propagator matrix is a square matrix that `propagates' a wave-field vector from one depth level to another.
It was originally introduced in geophysics for horizontally layered media \citep{Thomson50JAP, Haskell53BSSA, Gilbert66GEO} and
later extended ... |
2,877,628,090,553 | arxiv | \subsection{Sufficient Information}
\label{app:sufficient_information}
We compare conditions (i)-(iii) of Definition \ref{def:sufficient} to the conditions of Definition 2 in \cite{companion}; for ease of readability, we include the definition from \cite{companion} below.
\begin{definition}[Sufficient private informat... |
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