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2,877,628,091,654
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Deep learning has achieved significant progress in computer vision tasks. This success can be partly attributed to the availability of large-scale data~\cite{DBLP:journals/ijcv/RussakovskyDSKS15}. However, acquiring enough labeled data is infeasible in some situations due to ev...
2,877,628,091,655
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Understanding the story behind a visual object is an activity of broad interest. Whether it is determining the palette used to make a painting, the style of a sculptor, or the authenticity of an artwork, deriving the origin and composition of the object at hand has been a diffic...
2,877,628,091,656
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Stochastic growth equations play a central role in the understanding of surface growth phenomena and are used to classify the different universality classes \cite{barabasi,meakin}. The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class introduced by the stochastic equation~\cite{KPZ} \begin{equatio...
2,877,628,091,657
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let us start from two equations: \begin{equation} y=ax+b\label{eq:1} \end{equation} and \begin{equation} y^{2}+x^{2}=r^{2}\label{eq:2} \end{equation} To describe them, six different symbols were used. In the first case: $y,=,a,x,+,b$ and in the second: $y,,2,+,x,=,r$. In the first case we ha...
2,877,628,091,658
arxiv
\section{Proposed Method} In this section, we will first present our spatio-temporal scene graph representation (STSGR) for encoding the video sequences, following which we elaborate on our multi-modal shuffled Transformer architecture. \subsection{Overview of Spatio-Temporal Scene Graphs} Given a video sequence $V$,...
2,877,628,091,659
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{D}{eveloping} vehicle component models and building physics-based vehicle models is a common approach among engineers in the automotive industry. Car manufacturers and researchers in the field have been able to develop a series of tools and simulation-based processes that evaluate...
2,877,628,091,660
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Production software packages have become increasingly complex. They are comprised of a large amount of source code, sophisticated control and data flow, a hierarchy of component libraries, and growing levels of abstractions. This complexity often introduces inefficienc...
2,877,628,091,661
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In coding theory, an interesting and important question is to construct codes from smaller ones and to explore their properties via those of the smaller ones. There have been many such constructions, for example, the $(u|u + v)$-construction and the $(a+x|b+x|a+b+x)$-construction. It was s...
2,877,628,091,662
arxiv
\section{Auxiliary lemmas}\label{app:useful_lemmas} \begin{lemma}\label{lemma:properties_functions} Assume $\varphi: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ is a bounded continuous function. Let $U,V,\widetilde{Z} \overset{\text{\tiny i.i.d.}}{\simiid[-2pt]} \mathcal{N}(0,1)$. For all $\rho \geq 0$, the function \begin{align*} I_{\...
2,877,628,091,663
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Visual question answering (VQA) \cite{antol2015vqa} is an attractive research direction aiming to jointly analyze multimodal content from images and natural language. Equipped with the capacities of grounding, reasoning and translating, a VQA agent is expected to answer a question in natural lang...
2,877,628,091,664
arxiv
\section{\textbf{Introduction}} Image compression using artificial neural networks (ANN) has shown great potential to be applied on a wide variety of different areas since their first appearance \cite{toderici2015}. In the past couple of years, they have outperformed most of the hand-engineered codecs such as JPEG \ci...
2,877,628,091,665
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For applications in fields as diverse as chemical and biological imaging, material science, telecommunication, semiconductor and superconductor research, there is great interest in having a source of intense pulses of terahertz radiation. Laser-based sources of such radiation~\cite{Austo...
2,877,628,091,666
arxiv
\subsubsection{#1}\vspace{-3\baselineskip}\color{black}\medskip{\noindent \bf \thesubsubsection. #1.}} \newcommand{\myparagraph}[1]{\needspace{1\baselineskip}\medskip\noindent {\it #1.}} \newcommand{\myindentedparagraph}[1]{\needspace{1\baselineskip}\medskip \hangindent=11pt \hangafter=0 \noindent{\it #1.}} \newcomm...
1,314,259,992,576
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Chapter1} Twistor theory, as first outlined by Roger Penrose in the late 1960s \cite{Penrose:1967wn}, is a program which relates physical objects on (in general, complex) Minkowski space-time to geometrical data in complex projective spaces called \emph{twistor spaces}. This general pict...
1,314,259,992,577
arxiv
\section{#1}\setcounter{lemma}{0}} \title{Normal subgroups and relative centers of linearly reductive quantum groups} \author{Alexandru Chirvasitu} \begin{document} \date{} \newcommand{\Addresses}{ \bigskip \footnotesize \textsc{Department of Mathematics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-290...
1,314,259,992,578
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep learning has achieved remarkable success over the past decade and is active in various fields, including computer vision, natural language processing (NLP), and data mining. Although neural models can perform well in most tasks, they require a huge amount of data and a high computation cost ...
1,314,259,992,579
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The emergence of computational intelligence has led us to an era of excellent communication between users and systems. These human-computer communications do not require any external device or muscle intervention and enable computers to be deliberately controlled via the monitoring of brain stat...
1,314,259,992,580
arxiv
\section{#1}} \renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}} \section{Introduction} \noindent General Relativity (GR) and Quantum Field Theory (QFT) are leading theories in modern physics. General Relativity successfully describes gravity phenomena from millimeter scale to cosmic scale \cite{GRWave...
1,314,259,992,581
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An almost para-Hermitian manifold is a manifold $\widetilde M$ equipped with an almost product structure $\p\ne \pm I$ and a pseudo-Riemannian metric $\widetilde g$ such that \begin{align} \label{1.1}\p^2=I,\;\; \widetilde g(\p X,\p Y)=-\widetilde g(X,Y), \end{align} for vector fields $X$...
1,314,259,992,582
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In a widely cited series of papers \cite{absorbing1,absorbing2,absorbing3,absorbing4,absorbing5}, Dickman, Mu{\~n}oz, Vespignani, and Zapperi (DMVZ) developed a theory of self-organized criticality as a relationship between driven dissipative systems and systems with conservation. This theory p...
1,314,259,992,583
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Knowing the topology of the underlying network can provide several advantages to the communicating hosts. For example, the topology can be used to improve the throughput and robustness of the network \cite{ron, jones}, and it can be a necessary part of identifying bottlenecks and critical links ...
1,314,259,992,584
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec-intro} One of the outstanding issues in string theory is the problem of finding realistic string compactifications and connecting them to cosmological observations. It requires several steps such as (i) choosing an appropriate setup for moduli stabilization, (ii) obtaining a meta-stab...
1,314,259,992,585
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we consider general minimax problems of the form ($n, d_1, d_2\in\mathbb{N}^+$): \begin{equation}\label{eq:main_problems} \min_{x\in \mathbb{R}^{d_1}}\max_{y\in \mathbb{R}^{d_2}}\ f(x,y), \end{equation} as well as their finite-sum counterpart \begin{equation}\label{eq:main_pr...
1,314,259,992,586
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many experiments and numerical simulations point onto a wide-spread (if not universal) behavior of displacements of tracers in different complex systems: The mean squared displacement (MSD) of the tracers grows linearly in time, \begin{equation} \langle \mathbf{x}^2 \rangle = 2 d D_0 t \labe...
1,314,259,992,587
arxiv
\section{ Introduction } Controlling the polarization of X-ray FEL pulses is critical for many experiments. In particular, a number of FEL applications in the soft X-ray range of the electromagnetic spectrum require the possibility of switching between left- and right-handed circularly polarized pulses with high, stab...
1,314,259,992,588
arxiv
\section{Introduction}If a representation$$\overline{\rho}:G_\mathbb{Q}\to\operatorname{GL}_2(\overline{\F}_p)$$ is continuous, odd, and irreducible, then a conjecture of Serre (now a theorem of Khare-Wintenberger and Kisin) predicts that $\overline{\rho}$ is modular. More precisely, Serre predicted a minimal weight $k...
1,314,259,992,589
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction} Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance across a variety of tasks involving natural images, including object and action recognition. Convolutional layers come with a host of benefits, including a more efficient usage of parameters co...
1,314,259,992,590
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Shock waves are one of the most destructive phenomena occurring during the collapse of cavitation bubbles, and therefore a topic of long-standing interest. The associated pressures, reaching values in the order of GPa~\cite{Pecha2000,Akhatov2001}, are able to wear metallic surfaces, which is a ...
1,314,259,992,591
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Pre-trained models for vision-and-language tasks have made remarkable progress recently~\cite{NEURIPS2019_c74d97b0, Su2020VL-BERT:,10.1007/978-3-030-58577-8_7}. Existing pre-trained models either focus on text-to-image synthesis or image-to-text generation~\cite{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-2102-12...
1,314,259,992,592
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum field theories are plagued by divergences in their continuum formulations. Regularisation on a lattice renders a theory well-defined. The renormalisation process, when successful, finds fixed-points of such a lattice theory, defined where the correlation length diverges. Each of these is...
1,314,259,992,593
arxiv
\section{introduction} Electrohydrodynamics deals with the coupled motion of fluids and ions~\cite{theoretical_microfluidics}. Such coupling has relevant effects in microfluidics, allowing manipulation of fluids or dispersed particles using electrical stimuli~\cite{electrohydrodynamics_microsystems}. A specific range ...
1,314,259,992,594
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Shear flows are ubiquitous in astrophysical problems, such as jet propagation in the interstellar medium \citep{ferrari1980,begelman1984,bodo1994}, the dynamics of spiral arms in galaxies \citep{dwarkadas1996}, cometary tails \citep{ershkovich1973,brandt1979} and differential ro...
1,314,259,992,595
arxiv
\section{Introduction.} The only yet observed phenomenon of $CP$ violation \cite{ChristensonCroninFitchTurlay} \cite{Argus}, called ``indirect'' $CP$ violation \cite{Nir}, is that some electroweak mass eigenstates are not $CP$ eigenstates. The unavoidable presence, for a number of generations $N/2 \geq 3$, of a comp...
1,314,259,992,596
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Classical theory of compact Riemann surfaces has an algebraic counterpart, theory of of algebraic functions in one variable over an arbitrary constant field, developed by R. Dedekind and H. Weber. Introduction of differentials into the algebraic theory by E. Artin and H. Hasse, and of ideles and...
1,314,259,992,597
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{S-Introduction} The recent opening and publication by Courtillot, Le Mou\"el and Lopes (\citealp{malburet2019}) of a \textit{pli cachet\'e} (sealed letter), entrusted to the French Academy of Science by Jean Malburet in 1918 \citep{malburet1918}, highlights the early interest in...
1,314,259,992,598
arxiv
\section{Six-Quark Models for the d'-Dibaryon} \noindent In the bag-string model, dibaryons are described as rotating strings with colored quark clusters at the ends \cite{Mul78}. This model leads to a linear Regge trajectory of excited states. It predicts that the lowest $L=1$ excited state is obtained for a diquark-...
1,314,259,992,599
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sintr} {\em Computability logic} (CoL) \cite{Jap0}-\cite{JapCL12}, is an elegant theory of (multi-)agent computability. In CoL, computational problems are seen as games between a machine and its environment and logical operators stand for operations on games. It understands interaction amo...
1,314,259,992,600
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The quantum double, or Drinfeld center, $Z(\mathcal{C}) $ of a spherical fusion category $ \mathcal{C}$ over $\mathbb{C} $ is the category of half-braidings of $\mathcal{C} $ by objects $X \in \mathcal{C} $. $Z(\mathcal{C}) $ is itself a fusion category which is Morita equivalent to $\mathcal{C}...
1,314,259,992,601
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to connect billions of low-end devices to the Internet. It thereby drastically increases communication without a human source or destination. The total count of products and businesses that use IoT technologies has increased to about 25 percen...
1,314,259,992,602
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{The ASEP and main results} In this paper, we study the upper-tail Large Deviation Principle (LDP) of the \textit{asymmetric simple exclusion process} (ASEP) with step initial data. The ASEP is a continuous-time Markov chain on particle configurations $\textbf{x} = (\textbf{x}_1 > \tex...
1,314,259,992,603
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} \setcounter{definition}{0} Fix $T>0$. Let $(E,\mathcal{B}(E),\mu)$ be a $\sigma$-finite measure space and $E$ be a Lusin space. Let $(\Omega,\mathcal{F},\mathbb{F},\Bbb{P})$, where $\mathbb{F}:=\{\mathcal{F}_t\}_{t\in[0,T]}$, be a complete filtered probability space s...
1,314,259,992,604
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Among many models of inflation, Starobinsky inflation, \cite{starobinsky1980new} and Higgs inflation \cite{bezrukov2008standard} play the role of the most promising candidates for inflationary models. The recent Planck result \cite{akrami2020planck} has proved the fitness of these models yet disf...
1,314,259,992,605
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For experiments at the running and planned high-energy machines such as LHC, B-factories (HERA-B, for example) and Tevatron with high luminosities, there are some hopes and possibilities to observe and study new hadrons, containing two heavy quarks, like the doubly charmed baryons $(ccq)$ (here a...
1,314,259,992,606
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} In the arms race between authorship attribution and obfuscation, it is crucial that obfuscation can transfer when an adversary deploys a different attributor than the one assumed by the obfuscator. In this paper we showed that an ensemble that uses multiple base attribution classifiers, each ex...
1,314,259,992,607
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Standard matrix factorization is used in a wide range of applications including statistics, optimization, and machine learning. To factor a given a matrix $M\in\mathbb R^{p\times q}$ of $\mathrm{rank}(M)=r$, we need to find size-$r$ vectors $a_1,...,a_p, b_1,...,b_q\in\mathbb R^r$ such that $M_...
1,314,259,992,608
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well known experimentally that quasistatically stressed disordered solids produce intermittent response statistics \cite{phys_rep}, particularly in terms of acoustic emissions, that show scale-free size distributions. These intriguing dynamics is seen universally across scales from microsco...
1,314,259,992,609
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The advent of sequencing technology has facilitated the collection of genome-wide data for different molecular processes (e.g., gene expression, DNA methylation, microRNA [miRNA] expression), resulting in multi-omics data analysis from the same set of individuals or biospecimens. Exploring molec...
1,314,259,992,610
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} The attempt to apply methods of physics to describe various features of societies has a long history, stretching as far back as Thomas Hobbes and William Petty \cite{b02,b04}. Although the potential for misapplications is far from negligible \cite{b04,m89}, over the past two decades...
1,314,259,992,611
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} The study of glass and mean field or realistic spin glass models is a very rich and important part of theoretical physics \cite{Montanaribook, MPV, Parisibook}. For mathematicians, it is a challenging program \cite{T03,T11,P13}. Roughly speaking, the main goal is to study the gl...
1,314,259,992,612
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1}INTRODUCTION} The discovery of superconductivity up to 56 K in iron-based arsenides \cite{Hosono,Chen-Sm,WNL-Ce,Ren-Pr,Ren-Nd,WHH,Wang-Th} has aroused great interest in the community of condensed matter physics. The undoped parent compounds adopt the tetragonal structure at room temperature, ...
1,314,259,992,613
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Mutli-Instance-Learning (MIL) is a popular modelling framework for addressing different weakly-supervised problems \cite{babenko2011robust,wu2014milcut,ruiz2014regularized}. In traditional Single-Instance-Learning (SIL), the fully supervised setting is assumed with the g...
1,314,259,992,614
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the discovery of the first rocky exoplanet \cite[term we use here to refer to planets with masses and radii consistent with MgSiO$_3$ and Fe compositions following][]{Rogers2015}, CoRoT-7b \citep{leger09,queloz09}, effort has been made to find and study the formation, composition and evo...
1,314,259,992,615
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Global tropospheric chemistry transport models (CTM) are used to address important issues ranging from air quality to climate change. In order to continuously improve their performance, it is of crucial importance to understand and quantify the diverse sources of uncertainties a...
1,314,259,992,616
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec: intro} Energy transport occurs in many contexts: from circuits and molecular junctions to processes like photosynthesis~\cite{Kassal2013DoesPhotosynthesis, Ishizaki2009UnifiedApproach, Engel2007EvidenceSystems, Brixner2017ExcitonSystems} and the electron transport chain in biology~\ci...
1,314,259,992,617
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace{-0.5em} Image editing has been widely studied in the field of computer vision due to its usefulness in photo-realistic editing applications, social media image sharing, and image-based advertisement. An image can be used to transfer its style into the target image~\cite{gatys2016ima...
1,314,259,992,618
arxiv
\section{Introduction} $J/\Psi$ suppression \cite{HMHK86,MS86} was theoretically proposed as an important signal of quark-gluon plasma (QGP). The basic idea of $J/\Psi$ suppression is that $J/\Psi$ disappears above the QCD critical temperature $T_c$ due to vanishing of the confinement potential and appearance of th...
1,314,259,992,619
arxiv
\section{} Stars do not simply pop up on the main sequence. Before the stars arrive on the zero-age main sequence, they form in the collapses of molecular clouds, gain matter through accretion processes, and compress their cores until hydrogen can burn in full equilibrium. Although this evolutionary phase lasts a relat...
1,314,259,992,620
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{intro}} The \emph{weak product} of $G$ and $H$, denoted by $G\times H$ is defined as follows: The vertex set of $G\times H$ is the Cartesian product of the vertex sets of $G$ and $H$. Two vertices $(g_1,h_1)$ and $(g_2,h_2)$ are adjacent in $G\times H$ if $g_1g_2$ is an edge of $G$ and $h_...
1,314,259,992,621
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The observations reported here are part of our ongoing project for the identification of radio, optical and infrared counterparts of hard X-ray sources detected by the GRANAT satellite in the Galactic Center region (Goldwurm et al. 1994). The original motivation of this search is based on the f...
1,314,259,992,622
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:Intro} Introduction} In this article we study the problem of describing the propagation of traveling waves obeying the nonlinear Klein-Gordon and the Sine-Gordon equations. Under certain conditions the effect of the nonlinearity is to preserve the oscillatory behavior of the solutions and, at the s...
1,314,259,992,623
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Dissipative structures, \ie\ patterns in spatially extended systems away from equilibrium have been intensively studied for many decades. A very comprehensive review can be found in \textcite{Cross-Hohenberg-1993}; results obtained since then would probably require an even more extensive review....
1,314,259,992,624
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The reconfiguration version of an optimization problem asks whether it is possible to transform a source feasible solution $S$ into a target feasible solution $T$ by a sequence of {\em reconfiguration steps} such that every intermediate solution is also feasible; other variants return a (possibly...
1,314,259,992,625
arxiv
\section*{} \vspace{-1cm} \footnotetext{\textit{$^{a}$~Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\"at M\"unchen, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, D-80539 Munich, Germany. Fax: +49 89 2180 3182; Tel: +49 89 2180 2438; E-mail: raedler@lmu.de}} \footnotetext{\textit{$^{b}$~Department o...
1,314,259,992,626
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \onehalfspacing In modern data analysis tasks, a model with good prediction accuracy is typically not sufficient; in high-stakes data-driven decision making it is often necessary to obtain a model that is also interpretable. Recently, there have been a lot of influential articles advocatin...
1,314,259,992,627
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri (AKR, 1923-2005) was working at the Indian Association for Cultivation of Science (IACS), in Kolkata, when he wrote one of the finest scientific papers\cite{raychaudhuri1955} to have ever come out of India. The paper derived an equation which was the seed of many profou...
1,314,259,992,628
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a severe disease in humans which has infected nearly 25 thousand individuals and claimed more than ten thousand deaths during the recent outbreak in West Africa, according to the report of World Health Organization dated 18 March 2015 \cite{WHO,CDC}. The most affecte...
1,314,259,992,629
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Time-harmonic wave propagation is a mechanism at the center of a large number of physical and industrial applications. We may cite, among many, radar imaging \cite{dorf_2006a}, or seismic prospection \cite{tarantola_1984a}. In practice, numerical methods are required to approximately simulate th...
1,314,259,992,630
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Autonomous elevator operation is a promising solution for mobile navigation in office buildings. The system consists of three parts: button recognition, motion planning, and robot control. Among them, button recognition is the most basic but challenging part. Its performance directly determines...
1,314,259,992,631
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Current observations reveal the existence of galaxies out to redshifts as high as $z\sim 6.7$ (Chen et al.\ 1999; Weymann et al.\ 1998; Dey et al.\ 1998; Spinrad et al.\ 1998; Hu, Cowie, \& McMahon 1998) and bright quasars out to $z\sim 5$ (Fan et al.\ 1999). Based on sources for which high reso...
1,314,259,992,632
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Intro} \input{intro.tex} \section{Theoretical Results and Illustrations}\label{Theory} \input{theory.tex} \section{An Algorithm Template for~\eqref{KeyTask}}\label{Template} \input{algtemplate.tex} \section{A Partial Realization of Algorithm~\ref{ELAT}}\label{Experiments} \input{expe...
1,314,259,992,633
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Contextual Evaluation Model (CEM) is an expansion of Knowledge Representation (KR) models. KR has a long history going back to the beginning of artificial intelligence in the late 1950's and early 1960's with IPL and LISP and continuing into the present with projects such as Cyc and OWL \cit...
1,314,259,992,634
arxiv
\section{Hybrid scheme renormalization} \label{app:ren} \subsection{Definition of scheme} \label{app:def} As has been described in the main text, the hybrid scheme renormalization includes two parts: \begin{itemize} \item For $z\le z_S$, we form the ratio of bare matrix elements~\cite{Orginos:2017kos}, \begi...
1,314,259,992,635
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Relativistic collimated outflows have been extensively observed in active galactic nuclei (AGN) and X-ray binaries (XRB). Gamma-ray bursts (GRB) are also believed to be connected to ultrarelativistic and collimated outflows to overcome the ``compactness problem'' (e.g. Piran 1999...
1,314,259,992,636
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Face detection is the most important pre-processing step for many facial analysis tasks such as landmark detection\cite{koestinger2011annotated,zhu2012face}, face alignment \cite{zhang2016joint,xiong2013supervised,ren2014face}, face recognition \cite{ranjan2017hyperface}, face synthesis \cite{wan...
1,314,259,992,637
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Reaction control is an essential task in the chemical process industry; it can stabilize unstable (but profitable) operating states, and, in a multiobjective context, can enhance reactor performance while satisfying safety and environmental constraints. Non-steady state (e.g. perio...
1,314,259,992,638
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} We present the first large-scale densely-annotated material segmentation dataset which can train or evaluate indoor and outdoor scene parsing models. \footnote{Our data is available at https://github.com/apple/ml-dms-dataset.} We propose a benchmark on 46 kinds of materials. Our data can be a fo...
1,314,259,992,639
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is since long known that ``branes'', i.e.~massive objects with a number of worldvolume and transverse directions, play a crucial role in string theory and M-theory. Historically, the first example of a brane other than a string was the eleven-dimensional supermembrane \cite{Bergshoeff:1987cm...
1,314,259,992,640
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} \noindent In the era of big data, survey sampling remains one of the most important data collection vehicles for many fields of scientific investigations. Population health research, social and economic studies such as inequality measures and other policy related iss...
1,314,259,992,641
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{W}{ireless} communications systems employing multiple antennas have the advantage of increasing the overall throughput without increasing the required bandwidth. For this reason, multiple-antenna systems are at the core of several wireless communications standards such as WiFi, Lon...
1,314,259,992,642
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The shear viscosity $\eta$ and bulk viscosity $\zeta$ of the hot quark-gluon plasma characterize the dissipation which occurs due to nonuniform flow, such as occurs in heavy ion collisions. They have been a topic of intense study for the last two decades. Experimental results \...
1,314,259,992,643
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $Y$ be an algebraic manifold (i.e., an irreducible smooth algebraic variety defined over $\Bbb{C}$) with $H^i(Y, \Omega^j_Y)=0$ for all $j\geq 0$ and $i>0$, where $\Omega^j_Y$ is the sheaf of regular $j$-forms. We want to understand what $Y$ is. This question was raised by J.-P. ...
1,314,259,992,644
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1975, Erd\H{o}s and Shelah~\cite{E75} defined the following generalization of classical Ramsey numbers. \begin{definition} Fix integers $p, q$ such that $p \ge 3$ and $2 \le q \le \binom p2$. A \emph{$(p, q)$-coloring} of $K_n$ is a coloring of the edges of $K_n$ such that every $p$-cliqu...
1,314,259,992,645
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The interest to study of ternary fission was appeared \cite{WJS58} after the discovery of binary fission of heavy nuclei by various authors. Ternary fission is one of the oldest problem of nuclear reaction but still it has topicality. Authors Diehl and Greiner \cite{DG74} tried to explain ternar...
1,314,259,992,646
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The next-generation Very Large Array (ngVLA), with its proposed technical specifications, will extend the search and study of debris disks to much further distances than is currently possible. The high sensitivity over the proposed wavelength range will also allow for the study of a previously ...
1,314,259,992,647
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The discovery of iron-based superconductors has opened a new window for unveiling the physics of high-temperature superconductivity besides cuprates.\cite{Hosono,Chen,BaK} Among the various families of iron-based superconductors discovered till now, $A$Fe$_2$As$_2$($A$=alkali earth, alkali...
1,314,259,992,648
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \lettrine{W}{ith} the rise of Mobility-on-Demand (MoD) services (e.g. Uber, Lyft, DiDi) and the rapid technological evolution of self-driving vehicles, we are closer to having Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand (AMoD) systems. A crucial step in the proper functioning of such a ...
1,314,259,992,649
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) predicts a phase transition from a hadron gas (HG) phase to a quark gluon plasma (QGP) phase with variations of thermodynamic parameters such as temperature ($T$) and/or baryon density ($\mu_{B}$)~\cite{Fodor:2004nz}. Lattice QCD calculations i...
1,314,259,992,650
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} An important contribution to the total visible light emitted by massive, X-ray galaxy clusters does not come from the galaxies themselves \citep{zwicky51,arnaboldi04,lm04,feldmeieretal04a,feldmeieretal04b, westetal95, zibettietal05,gonzalezetal05,mihosetal05,kricketal06,kb07}. This so-called {\i...
1,314,259,992,651
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep Learning is widely used for many applications, from computer vision~\cite{Resnet,Alexnet} to natural language~\cite{bert,gpt3} to speech processing~\cite{2015SpeechDNN}. While the accuracy of deep learning-based approaches has improved significantly, the state-of-the-art models re...
1,314,259,992,652
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} \noindent We express our gratitude to our colleagues of the \mbox{LHCb}\xspace collaboration. The authors would like to thank G.~Cavoto, M.~Ferro-Luzzi, G.~Graziani, M.~Nebot, M.~Schiller, A.~Pich, V.~Vagnoni and G.~Wilkinson for interesting discussions. We acknowledge support from INFN (...
1,314,259,992,653
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A subset $B$ of a group $G$ is called a {\em difference basis} for a subset $A\subset G$ if each element $a\in A$ can be written as $a=xy^{-1}$ for some $x,y\in B$. The smallest cardinality of a difference basis for $A$ is called the {\em difference size} of $A$ and is denoted by $\Delta[A...
1,314,259,992,654
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \end{singlespace} \begin{singlespace} \noindent Let $\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{g}_{\bar{0}}\oplus\mathfrak{g}_{\bar{1}}$ be a simple basic classical Lie superalgebra over $\mathbb{C}$ and let $e\in\mathfrak{g}_{\bar{0}}$ be nilpotent. This paper forms a project to investigate the centralizer $\math...
1,314,259,992,655
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many every day tasks require us to interact with objects over extended periods of time, during which objects enter and leave our field of view. This may be due to our head or body movements, because we interact with them or because the objects are moving due to other causal effects. Despite this...
1,314,259,992,656
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The parametric empirical Bayes estimators (Morris, 1983) are known to be a useful method producing reliable estimates of multidimensional parameters. This technique is widely used in variety of fields such as small area estimation (Rao and Molina, 2015) and disease mapping (Lawson, 2013). Let ${\...
1,314,259,992,657
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, Dimopoulos et.al \cite{DKMW1} showed that the many massive axion fields predicted by string vacuum can be combined and lead to a radiatively stable inflation, called Nflation, which is an interesting implement of assisted inflation mechanism proposed by Liddle et.al \cite{LMS1}, see al...
1,314,259,992,658
arxiv
\section{} \begin{abstract} Terry Sejnowski's 2020 paper [arXiv:2002.04806] is entitled ``The unreasonable effectiveness of deep learning in artificial intelligence". However, the paper itself doesn't attempt to answer the implied question of why Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) can approximate so many of the...
1,314,259,992,659
arxiv
\section{introduction}\label{intro} Since 2003, numerous exotic structures have been observed in experiments~\cite{Choi:2007wga, Aaij:2014jqa,Chilikin:2013tch,Chilikin:2014bkk,Ablikim:2013xfr,Ablikim:2013wzq,Ablikim:2013mio,Belle:2011aa,Adachi:2012cx,Aaij:2015tga,Aaij:2018bla}, amongst which many states cannot be accom...
1,314,259,992,660
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1950s Keller \cite{K1954} and Osserman \cite{O1957} obtained independently optimal conditions for the existence of a solution to the boundary blow-up problem \begin{equation}\label{ko} \left\{ \begin{aligned} \Delta u&=f(u)&&\quad\mbox{ in }\Omega,\\ u&=\infty &&\quad\mbox{ on }\partial\Omeg...
1,314,259,992,661
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Here I discuss three important ways to tackle pulse propagation in nonlinear optics. These include methods that both do and do not follow the traditional approach of using pulse envelopes. The description is taken in the 1D limit, but some discussion on including transverse effects is mad...
1,314,259,992,662
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} A broad class of disordered soft materials, including emulsions~\cite{Becu:2006}, foams~\cite{Rouyer2008}, colloids~\cite{Mason1995,Knaebel2000}, microgels~\cite{Cloitre2000}, and star polymers~\cite{Rogers2010}, share in common several notable rheological properties. I...