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2,877,628,091,654 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Deep learning has achieved significant progress in computer vision tasks. This success can be partly attributed to the availability of large-scale data~\cite{DBLP:journals/ijcv/RussakovskyDSKS15}. However, acquiring enough labeled data is infeasible in some situations due to ev... |
2,877,628,091,655 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Understanding the story behind a visual object is an activity of broad interest. Whether it is determining the palette used to make a painting, the style of a sculptor, or the authenticity of an artwork, deriving the origin and composition of the object at hand has been a diffic... |
2,877,628,091,656 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Stochastic growth equations play a central role in the understanding of surface
growth phenomena and are used to classify the different universality classes
\cite{barabasi,meakin}. The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class
introduced by the stochastic equation~\cite{KPZ}
\begin{equatio... |
2,877,628,091,657 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let us start from two equations:
\begin{equation}
y=ax+b\label{eq:1}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
y^{2}+x^{2}=r^{2}\label{eq:2}
\end{equation}
To describe them, six different symbols were used. In the first case:
$y,=,a,x,+,b$ and in the second: $y,,2,+,x,=,r$. In the first case
we ha... |
2,877,628,091,658 | arxiv |
\section{Proposed Method}
In this section, we will first present our spatio-temporal scene graph representation (STSGR) for encoding the video sequences, following which we elaborate on our multi-modal shuffled Transformer architecture.
\subsection{Overview of Spatio-Temporal Scene Graphs}
Given a video sequence $V$,... |
2,877,628,091,659 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{D}{eveloping} vehicle component models and building physics-based vehicle models is a common approach among engineers in the automotive industry. Car manufacturers and researchers in the field have been able to develop a series of tools and simulation-based processes that evaluate... |
2,877,628,091,660 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Production software packages have become increasingly complex.
They are comprised of a large amount of source code, sophisticated control and data flow, a hierarchy of component libraries, and growing levels of abstractions.
This complexity often introduces inefficienc... |
2,877,628,091,661 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In coding theory, an interesting and important question is to
construct codes from smaller ones and to explore their properties via
those of the smaller ones. There have been many such
constructions, for example, the $(u|u + v)$-construction and the
$(a+x|b+x|a+b+x)$-construction. It was s... |
2,877,628,091,662 | arxiv | \section{Auxiliary lemmas}\label{app:useful_lemmas}
\begin{lemma}\label{lemma:properties_functions}
Assume $\varphi: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ is a bounded continuous function.
Let $U,V,\widetilde{Z} \overset{\text{\tiny i.i.d.}}{\simiid[-2pt]} \mathcal{N}(0,1)$.
For all $\rho \geq 0$, the function
\begin{align*}
I_{\... |
2,877,628,091,663 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Visual question answering (VQA) \cite{antol2015vqa} is an attractive research direction aiming to jointly analyze multimodal content from images and natural language. Equipped with the capacities of grounding, reasoning and translating, a VQA agent is expected to answer a question in natural lang... |
2,877,628,091,664 | arxiv | \section{\textbf{Introduction}}
Image compression using artificial neural networks (ANN) has shown great potential to be applied on a wide variety of different areas since their first appearance \cite{toderici2015}.
In the past couple of years, they have outperformed most of the hand-engineered codecs such as JPEG \ci... |
2,877,628,091,665 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For applications in fields as diverse as chemical and biological imaging, material science, telecommunication, semiconductor and superconductor research, there is great interest in having a source of intense pulses of terahertz radiation. Laser-based sources of such radiation~\cite{Austo... |
2,877,628,091,666 | arxiv | \subsubsection{#1}\vspace{-3\baselineskip}\color{black}\medskip{\noindent \bf \thesubsubsection. #1.}}
\newcommand{\myparagraph}[1]{\needspace{1\baselineskip}\medskip\noindent {\it #1.}}
\newcommand{\myindentedparagraph}[1]{\needspace{1\baselineskip}\medskip \hangindent=11pt \hangafter=0 \noindent{\it #1.}}
\newcomm... |
1,314,259,992,576 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Chapter1}
Twistor theory, as first outlined by Roger Penrose in the late 1960s \cite{Penrose:1967wn}, is a program which relates physical objects on (in general, complex) Minkowski space-time to geometrical data in complex projective spaces called \emph{twistor spaces}. This general pict... |
1,314,259,992,577 | arxiv | \section{#1}\setcounter{lemma}{0}}
\title{Normal subgroups and relative centers of linearly reductive quantum groups}
\author{Alexandru Chirvasitu}
\begin{document}
\date{}
\newcommand{\Addresses}{
\bigskip
\footnotesize
\textsc{Department of Mathematics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo,
NY 14260-290... |
1,314,259,992,578 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Deep learning has achieved remarkable success over the past decade and is active in various fields, including computer vision, natural language processing (NLP), and data mining.
Although neural models can perform well in most tasks, they require a huge amount of data and a high computation cost ... |
1,314,259,992,579 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The emergence of computational intelligence has led us to an era of
excellent communication between users and systems. These human-computer communications do not require any external device or muscle intervention and enable computers to be deliberately controlled via the monitoring of brain stat... |
1,314,259,992,580 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}}
\section{Introduction}
\noindent General Relativity (GR) and Quantum Field Theory (QFT) are leading
theories in modern physics. General Relativity successfully describes gravity
phenomena from millimeter scale to cosmic scale \cite{GRWave... |
1,314,259,992,581 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An almost para-Hermitian manifold is a manifold $\widetilde M$ equipped with an almost product structure
$\p\ne \pm I$ and a pseudo-Riemannian metric $\widetilde g$ such that
\begin{align}
\label{1.1}\p^2=I,\;\; \widetilde g(\p X,\p Y)=-\widetilde g(X,Y),
\end{align}
for vector fields $X$... |
1,314,259,992,582 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In a widely cited series of papers
\cite{absorbing1,absorbing2,absorbing3,absorbing4,absorbing5},
Dickman, Mu{\~n}oz, Vespignani, and Zapperi (DMVZ) developed a theory of
self-organized criticality as a relationship between driven
dissipative systems and systems with conservation. This theory
p... |
1,314,259,992,583 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Knowing the topology of the underlying network can provide several advantages to the communicating hosts. For example, the topology can be used to improve the throughput and robustness of the network \cite{ron, jones}, and it can be a necessary part of identifying bottlenecks and critical links ... |
1,314,259,992,584 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec-intro}
One of the outstanding issues in string theory is the problem of finding realistic string compactifications
and connecting them to cosmological observations.
It requires several steps such as (i) choosing an appropriate setup for moduli stabilization, (ii)
obtaining a meta-stab... |
1,314,259,992,585 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
In this paper, we consider general minimax problems of the form ($n, d_1, d_2\in\mathbb{N}^+$):
\begin{equation}\label{eq:main_problems}
\min_{x\in \mathbb{R}^{d_1}}\max_{y\in \mathbb{R}^{d_2}}\ f(x,y),
\end{equation}
as well as their finite-sum counterpart
\begin{equation}\label{eq:main_pr... |
1,314,259,992,586 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many experiments and numerical simulations point onto a wide-spread (if not universal) behavior of displacements of tracers in different complex systems:
The mean squared displacement (MSD) of the tracers grows linearly in time,
\begin{equation}
\langle \mathbf{x}^2 \rangle = 2 d D_0 t
\labe... |
1,314,259,992,587 | arxiv | \section{ Introduction }
Controlling the polarization of X-ray FEL pulses is critical for many experiments. In particular, a number of FEL applications in the soft X-ray range of the electromagnetic spectrum require the possibility of switching between left- and right-handed circularly polarized pulses with high, stab... |
1,314,259,992,588 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}If a representation$$\overline{\rho}:G_\mathbb{Q}\to\operatorname{GL}_2(\overline{\F}_p)$$ is
continuous, odd, and irreducible, then a conjecture of Serre (now a theorem of Khare-Wintenberger and Kisin) predicts that
$\overline{\rho}$ is modular. More precisely, Serre predicted a minimal
weight $k... |
1,314,259,992,589 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction}
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance across a variety of tasks involving natural images, including object and action recognition. Convolutional layers come with a host of benefits, including a more efficient usage of parameters co... |
1,314,259,992,590 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Shock waves are one of the most destructive phenomena occurring during the collapse of cavitation bubbles, and therefore a topic of long-standing interest.
The associated pressures, reaching values in the order of GPa~\cite{Pecha2000,Akhatov2001}, are able to wear metallic surfaces, which is a ... |
1,314,259,992,591 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Pre-trained models for vision-and-language tasks have made remarkable progress recently~\cite{NEURIPS2019_c74d97b0, Su2020VL-BERT:,10.1007/978-3-030-58577-8_7}. Existing pre-trained models either focus on text-to-image synthesis or image-to-text generation~\cite{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-2102-12... |
1,314,259,992,592 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum field theories are plagued by divergences in their continuum formulations. Regularisation on a lattice renders a theory well-defined. The renormalisation process, when successful, finds fixed-points of such a lattice theory, defined where the correlation length diverges. Each of these is... |
1,314,259,992,593 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Electrohydrodynamics deals with the coupled motion of fluids and ions~\cite{theoretical_microfluidics}.
Such coupling has relevant effects in microfluidics, allowing manipulation of fluids or dispersed particles using electrical stimuli~\cite{electrohydrodynamics_microsystems}.
A specific range ... |
1,314,259,992,594 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Shear flows are ubiquitous in astrophysical problems, such as jet
propagation in the interstellar medium
\citep{ferrari1980,begelman1984,bodo1994}, the dynamics of spiral arms in
galaxies \citep{dwarkadas1996}, cometary tails \citep{ershkovich1973,brandt1979} and
differential ro... |
1,314,259,992,595 | arxiv | \section{Introduction.}
The only yet observed phenomenon of $CP$ violation
\cite{ChristensonCroninFitchTurlay} \cite{Argus}, called ``indirect''
$CP$ violation \cite{Nir}, is that some electroweak mass eigenstates
are not $CP$ eigenstates.
The unavoidable presence, for a number of generations $N/2 \geq 3$,
of a comp... |
1,314,259,992,596 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Classical theory of compact Riemann surfaces has an algebraic counterpart, theory of of algebraic functions in one variable over an arbitrary constant field, developed by R. Dedekind and H. Weber.
Introduction of differentials into the algebraic theory by E. Artin and H. Hasse, and of ideles and... |
1,314,259,992,597 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{S-Introduction}
The recent opening and publication by Courtillot, Le Mou\"el and Lopes (\citealp{malburet2019}) of a \textit{pli cachet\'e} (sealed letter), entrusted to the French Academy of Science by Jean Malburet in 1918 \citep{malburet1918}, highlights the early interest in... |
1,314,259,992,598 | arxiv | \section{Six-Quark Models for the d'-Dibaryon}
\noindent
In the bag-string model, dibaryons are described as rotating
strings with colored quark clusters at the ends \cite{Mul78}.
This model leads to a linear Regge trajectory of excited
states. It predicts that the lowest $L=1$ excited state
is obtained for a diquark-... |
1,314,259,992,599 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sintr}
{\em Computability logic} (CoL) \cite{Jap0}-\cite{JapCL12}, is an
elegant theory of (multi-)agent computability. In CoL, computational problems are seen as games between a machine and its environment and logical operators stand for operations on games.
It understands interaction amo... |
1,314,259,992,600 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The quantum double, or Drinfeld center, $Z(\mathcal{C}) $ of a spherical fusion category $ \mathcal{C}$ over $\mathbb{C} $ is the category of half-braidings of $\mathcal{C} $ by objects $X \in \mathcal{C} $. $Z(\mathcal{C}) $ is itself a fusion category which is Morita equivalent to $\mathcal{C}... |
1,314,259,992,601 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to connect billions of low-end devices to the Internet. It thereby drastically increases communication without a human source or destination. The total count of products and businesses that use IoT technologies has increased to about 25 percen... |
1,314,259,992,602 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{The ASEP and main results} In this paper, we study the upper-tail Large Deviation Principle (LDP) of the \textit{asymmetric simple exclusion process} (ASEP) with step initial data. The ASEP is a continuous-time Markov chain on particle configurations $\textbf{x} = (\textbf{x}_1 > \tex... |
1,314,259,992,603 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\setcounter{definition}{0}
Fix $T>0$. Let $(E,\mathcal{B}(E),\mu)$ be a $\sigma$-finite measure space and $E$ be a Lusin space. Let $(\Omega,\mathcal{F},\mathbb{F},\Bbb{P})$, where $\mathbb{F}:=\{\mathcal{F}_t\}_{t\in[0,T]}$, be a complete filtered probability space s... |
1,314,259,992,604 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Among many models of inflation, Starobinsky inflation, \cite{starobinsky1980new} and Higgs inflation \cite{bezrukov2008standard}
play the role of the most promising candidates for inflationary models. The recent Planck result \cite{akrami2020planck} has proved the fitness of these models yet disf... |
1,314,259,992,605 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For experiments at the running and planned high-energy machines such as LHC,
B-factories (HERA-B, for example) and Tevatron with high luminosities,
there are some hopes and possibilities to observe and study new hadrons,
containing two heavy quarks, like the doubly charmed baryons $(ccq)$ (here a... |
1,314,259,992,606 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion}
In the arms race between authorship attribution and obfuscation, it is crucial that obfuscation can transfer when an adversary deploys a different attributor than the one assumed by the obfuscator.
In this paper we showed that an ensemble that uses multiple base attribution classifiers, each ex... |
1,314,259,992,607 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Standard matrix factorization is used in a wide range of applications including statistics, optimization, and machine learning. To factor a given a matrix $M\in\mathbb R^{p\times q}$ of $\mathrm{rank}(M)=r$, we need to find size-$r$ vectors $a_1,...,a_p, b_1,...,b_q\in\mathbb R^r$ such that $M_... |
1,314,259,992,608 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well known experimentally that quasistatically stressed disordered solids produce intermittent response statistics \cite{phys_rep}, particularly in terms of acoustic emissions, that show scale-free size distributions. These intriguing dynamics is seen universally across scales from microsco... |
1,314,259,992,609 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The advent of sequencing technology has facilitated the collection of genome-wide data for different molecular processes (e.g., gene expression, DNA methylation, microRNA [miRNA] expression), resulting in multi-omics data analysis from the same set of individuals or biospecimens. Exploring molec... |
1,314,259,992,610 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
The attempt to apply methods of physics to describe various features
of societies has a long history, stretching as far back as Thomas Hobbes
and William Petty \cite{b02,b04}. Although the potential for
misapplications is far from negligible \cite{b04,m89}, over the past
two decades... |
1,314,259,992,611 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main results}
The study of glass and mean field or realistic spin glass models is a very rich and important part of theoretical physics \cite{Montanaribook, MPV, Parisibook}. For mathematicians, it is a challenging program \cite{T03,T11,P13}. Roughly speaking, the main goal is to study the gl... |
1,314,259,992,612 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}INTRODUCTION}
The discovery of superconductivity up to 56 K in iron-based
arsenides \cite{Hosono,Chen-Sm,WNL-Ce,Ren-Pr,Ren-Nd,WHH,Wang-Th} has
aroused great interest in the community of condensed matter physics.
The undoped parent compounds adopt the tetragonal structure at room
temperature, ... |
1,314,259,992,613 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Mutli-Instance-Learning (MIL) is a popular modelling framework for addressing different weakly-supervised problems \cite{babenko2011robust,wu2014milcut,ruiz2014regularized}. In traditional Single-Instance-Learning (SIL), the fully supervised setting is assumed with the g... |
1,314,259,992,614 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since the discovery of the first rocky exoplanet \cite[term we use here to refer to planets with
masses and radii consistent with MgSiO$_3$ and Fe compositions following][]{Rogers2015},
CoRoT-7b \citep{leger09,queloz09}, effort has been made to find and study the formation, composition and evo... |
1,314,259,992,615 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Global tropospheric chemistry transport models (CTM) are used to address important issues ranging from air quality to climate change. In order to continuously improve their performance, it is of crucial importance to understand and quantify the diverse sources of uncertainties a... |
1,314,259,992,616 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec: intro}
Energy transport occurs in many contexts: from circuits and molecular junctions to processes like photosynthesis~\cite{Kassal2013DoesPhotosynthesis, Ishizaki2009UnifiedApproach, Engel2007EvidenceSystems, Brixner2017ExcitonSystems} and the electron transport chain in biology~\ci... |
1,314,259,992,617 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{-0.5em}
Image editing has been widely studied in the field of computer vision due to
its usefulness in photo-realistic editing applications, social media image sharing, and image-based advertisement.
An image can be used to transfer its style into the target image~\cite{gatys2016ima... |
1,314,259,992,618 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
$J/\Psi$ suppression \cite{HMHK86,MS86} was theoretically proposed as an important signal
of quark-gluon plasma (QGP). The basic idea of $J/\Psi$ suppression is that
$J/\Psi$ disappears above the QCD critical temperature $T_c$ due to vanishing of the
confinement potential and appearance of th... |
1,314,259,992,619 | arxiv | \section{}
Stars do not simply pop up on the main sequence. Before the stars arrive on the zero-age main sequence, they form in the collapses of molecular clouds, gain matter through accretion processes, and compress their cores until hydrogen can burn in full equilibrium. Although this evolutionary phase lasts a relat... |
1,314,259,992,620 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{intro}}
The \emph{weak product} of $G$ and $H$, denoted by $G\times H$ is
defined as follows: The vertex set of $G\times H$ is the
Cartesian product of the vertex sets of $G$ and $H$. Two vertices
$(g_1,h_1)$ and $(g_2,h_2)$ are adjacent in $G\times H$ if
$g_1g_2$ is an edge of $G$ and $h_... |
1,314,259,992,621 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The observations reported here are part of our ongoing
project for the identification of radio, optical and infrared counterparts of
hard X-ray sources detected by the
GRANAT satellite in the Galactic Center region (Goldwurm et al. 1994). The
original motivation of this search is based on the f... |
1,314,259,992,622 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Intro} Introduction}
In this article we study the problem of describing the propagation of traveling
waves obeying the nonlinear Klein-Gordon and the Sine-Gordon equations. Under
certain conditions the effect of the nonlinearity is to preserve the
oscillatory behavior of the solutions and, at the s... |
1,314,259,992,623 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Dissipative structures, \ie\ patterns in spatially extended systems
away from equilibrium have been intensively studied for many
decades. A very comprehensive review can be found in
\textcite{Cross-Hohenberg-1993}; results obtained since then would
probably require an even more extensive review.... |
1,314,259,992,624 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The reconfiguration version of an optimization problem asks whether it is
possible to transform a source feasible solution $S$ into a target
feasible solution $T$ by a sequence of {\em reconfiguration steps} such that
every intermediate solution is also feasible; other variants return
a (possibly... |
1,314,259,992,625 | arxiv | \section*{}
\vspace{-1cm}
\footnotetext{\textit{$^{a}$~Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\"at M\"unchen, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, D-80539 Munich, Germany. Fax: +49 89 2180 3182; Tel: +49 89 2180 2438; E-mail: raedler@lmu.de}}
\footnotetext{\textit{$^{b}$~Department o... |
1,314,259,992,626 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\onehalfspacing
In modern data analysis tasks, a model with good prediction accuracy is typically not sufficient; in high-stakes data-driven decision making it is often necessary to obtain a model that is also interpretable. Recently, there have been a lot of influential articles advocatin... |
1,314,259,992,627 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri (AKR, 1923-2005) was working at the
Indian Association for Cultivation of Science (IACS), in Kolkata,
when he wrote one of the finest scientific
papers\cite{raychaudhuri1955} to have
ever come out of India. The paper
derived an equation which was the seed of many profou... |
1,314,259,992,628 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a severe disease in humans which has infected nearly 25 thousand individuals and claimed more than ten thousand deaths during the recent outbreak in West Africa, according to the report of World Health Organization dated 18 March 2015 \cite{WHO,CDC}. The most affecte... |
1,314,259,992,629 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Time-harmonic wave propagation is a mechanism at the center of a large number of
physical and industrial applications. We may cite, among many, radar imaging \cite{dorf_2006a},
or seismic prospection \cite{tarantola_1984a}. In practice, numerical methods are required to
approximately simulate th... |
1,314,259,992,630 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Autonomous elevator operation is a promising solution for mobile navigation in office buildings. The system consists of three parts: button recognition, motion planning, and robot control.
Among them, button recognition is the most basic but challenging part.
Its performance directly determines... |
1,314,259,992,631 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Current observations reveal the existence of galaxies out to redshifts as
high as $z\sim 6.7$ (Chen et al.\ 1999; Weymann et al.\ 1998; Dey et al.\
1998; Spinrad et al.\ 1998; Hu, Cowie, \& McMahon 1998) and bright quasars
out to $z\sim 5$ (Fan et al.\ 1999). Based on sources for which high
reso... |
1,314,259,992,632 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{Intro}
\input{intro.tex}
\section{Theoretical Results and Illustrations}\label{Theory}
\input{theory.tex}
\section{An Algorithm Template for~\eqref{KeyTask}}\label{Template}
\input{algtemplate.tex}
\section{A Partial Realization of Algorithm~\ref{ELAT}}\label{Experiments}
\input{expe... |
1,314,259,992,633 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Contextual Evaluation Model (CEM) is an expansion of Knowledge Representation (KR) models. KR has a long history going back to the beginning of artificial intelligence in the late 1950's and early 1960's with IPL and LISP and continuing into the present with projects such as Cyc and OWL \cit... |
1,314,259,992,634 | arxiv | \section{Hybrid scheme renormalization}
\label{app:ren}
\subsection{Definition of scheme}
\label{app:def}
As has been described in the main text, the hybrid scheme renormalization includes two parts:
\begin{itemize}
\item For $z\le z_S$, we form the ratio of bare matrix elements~\cite{Orginos:2017kos},
\begi... |
1,314,259,992,635 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Relativistic collimated outflows have been extensively observed in active galactic nuclei
(AGN) and X-ray binaries (XRB). Gamma-ray
bursts (GRB) are also believed to be connected to ultrarelativistic and collimated outflows
to overcome the ``compactness problem'' (e.g. Piran 1999... |
1,314,259,992,636 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Face detection is the most important pre-processing step for many facial analysis tasks such as landmark detection\cite{koestinger2011annotated,zhu2012face}, face alignment \cite{zhang2016joint,xiong2013supervised,ren2014face}, face recognition \cite{ranjan2017hyperface}, face synthesis \cite{wan... |
1,314,259,992,637 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Reaction control is an essential task in the chemical process
industry; it can stabilize unstable (but profitable) operating
states, and, in a multiobjective context, can enhance reactor
performance while satisfying safety and environmental constraints.
Non-steady state (e.g. perio... |
1,314,259,992,638 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion}
We present the first large-scale densely-annotated material segmentation dataset which can train or evaluate indoor and outdoor scene parsing models.
\footnote{Our data is available at https://github.com/apple/ml-dms-dataset.}
We propose a benchmark on 46 kinds of materials. Our data can be a fo... |
1,314,259,992,639 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is since long known that ``branes'', i.e.~massive objects with a number of worldvolume and transverse directions, play a crucial role in string theory and M-theory. Historically, the first example of a brane other than a string was the
eleven-dimensional supermembrane \cite{Bergshoeff:1987cm... |
1,314,259,992,640 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\noindent
In the era of big data, survey sampling remains one of the most important data collection vehicles for many fields of scientific investigations. Population health research, social and economic studies such as inequality measures and other policy related iss... |
1,314,259,992,641 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{W}{ireless} communications systems employing multiple antennas have the advantage of increasing the overall throughput without increasing the required bandwidth. For this reason, multiple-antenna systems are at the core of several wireless communications standards such as WiFi, Lon... |
1,314,259,992,642 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The shear viscosity $\eta$ and bulk viscosity $\zeta$ of the hot quark-gluon plasma characterize the dissipation which occurs due to nonuniform flow, such as occurs in heavy ion collisions.
They have been a topic of intense study for the last two decades.
Experimental results \... |
1,314,259,992,643 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $Y$ be an algebraic manifold (i.e., an irreducible
smooth algebraic variety defined over $\Bbb{C}$)
with $H^i(Y, \Omega^j_Y)=0$ for all $j\geq 0$ and $i>0$,
where $\Omega^j_Y$ is the sheaf of regular $j$-forms.
We want to understand what $Y$ is. This question was raised by
J.-P. ... |
1,314,259,992,644 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1975, Erd\H{o}s and Shelah~\cite{E75} defined the following generalization of classical Ramsey numbers.
\begin{definition}
Fix integers $p, q$ such that $p \ge 3$ and $2 \le q \le \binom p2$. A \emph{$(p, q)$-coloring} of $K_n$ is a coloring of the edges of $K_n$ such that every $p$-cliqu... |
1,314,259,992,645 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The interest to study of ternary fission was appeared \cite{WJS58} after the discovery of binary fission of heavy nuclei by various authors. Ternary fission is one of the oldest problem of nuclear reaction but still it has topicality. Authors Diehl and Greiner \cite{DG74} tried to explain ternar... |
1,314,259,992,646 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The next-generation Very Large Array (ngVLA), with its proposed technical specifications, will extend the search and study of debris disks to much further distances than is currently possible. The high sensitivity over the proposed wavelength range will also allow for the study of a previously ... |
1,314,259,992,647 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The discovery of iron-based superconductors has opened a new window
for unveiling the physics of high-temperature superconductivity
besides cuprates.\cite{Hosono,Chen,BaK} Among the various families
of iron-based superconductors discovered till now,
$A$Fe$_2$As$_2$($A$=alkali earth, alkali... |
1,314,259,992,648 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
\lettrine{W}{ith} the rise of Mobility-on-Demand (MoD) services (e.g. Uber, Lyft, DiDi) and the rapid technological evolution of self-driving vehicles, we are closer to having Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand (AMoD) systems. A crucial step in the proper functioning of such a ... |
1,314,259,992,649 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) predicts a phase transition from a hadron gas (HG) phase to a quark gluon plasma (QGP) phase with variations of thermodynamic parameters such as temperature ($T$) and/or baryon density ($\mu_{B}$)~\cite{Fodor:2004nz}.
Lattice QCD calculations i... |
1,314,259,992,650 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
An important contribution to the total visible light emitted by massive,
X-ray galaxy clusters does not come from the galaxies themselves
\citep{zwicky51,arnaboldi04,lm04,feldmeieretal04a,feldmeieretal04b,
westetal95,
zibettietal05,gonzalezetal05,mihosetal05,kricketal06,kb07}.
This so-called {\i... |
1,314,259,992,651 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Deep Learning is widely used for many applications, from computer vision~\cite{Resnet,Alexnet} to natural language~\cite{bert,gpt3} to speech processing~\cite{2015SpeechDNN}. While the accuracy of deep learning-based approaches has improved significantly, the state-of-the-art models re... |
1,314,259,992,652 | arxiv |
\section*{Acknowledgements}
\noindent We express our gratitude to our colleagues of the \mbox{LHCb}\xspace collaboration.
The authors would like to thank G.~Cavoto, M.~Ferro-Luzzi, G.~Graziani, M.~Nebot, M.~Schiller,
A.~Pich, V.~Vagnoni and G.~Wilkinson for interesting discussions.
We acknowledge support from INFN (... |
1,314,259,992,653 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A subset $B$ of a group $G$ is called a {\em difference basis} for a subset $A\subset G$ if each element $a\in A$ can be written as $a=xy^{-1}$ for some $x,y\in B$.
The smallest cardinality of a difference basis for $A$ is called the {\em difference size} of $A$ and is denoted by $\Delta[A... |
1,314,259,992,654 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\end{singlespace}
\begin{singlespace}
\noindent Let $\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{g}_{\bar{0}}\oplus\mathfrak{g}_{\bar{1}}$
be a simple basic classical Lie superalgebra over $\mathbb{C}$ and
let $e\in\mathfrak{g}_{\bar{0}}$ be nilpotent. This paper forms a
project to investigate the centralizer $\math... |
1,314,259,992,655 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many every day tasks require us to interact with objects over extended periods of time, during which objects enter and leave our field of view. This may be due to our head or body movements, because we interact with them or because the objects are moving due to other causal effects. Despite this... |
1,314,259,992,656 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The parametric empirical Bayes estimators (Morris, 1983) are known to be a useful method producing reliable estimates of multidimensional parameters.
This technique is widely used in variety of fields such as small area estimation (Rao and Molina, 2015) and disease mapping (Lawson, 2013).
Let ${\... |
1,314,259,992,657 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, Dimopoulos et.al \cite{DKMW1} showed that the many
massive axion fields predicted by string vacuum can be combined
and lead to a radiatively stable inflation, called Nflation, which
is an interesting implement of assisted inflation mechanism
proposed by Liddle et.al \cite{LMS1}, see al... |
1,314,259,992,658 | arxiv | \section{}
\begin{abstract}
Terry Sejnowski's 2020 paper [arXiv:2002.04806] is entitled ``The unreasonable effectiveness of deep learning in artificial intelligence". However, the paper itself doesn't attempt to answer the implied question of why Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) can approximate so many of the... |
1,314,259,992,659 | arxiv | \section{introduction}\label{intro}
Since 2003, numerous exotic structures have been observed in
experiments~\cite{Choi:2007wga,
Aaij:2014jqa,Chilikin:2013tch,Chilikin:2014bkk,Ablikim:2013xfr,Ablikim:2013wzq,Ablikim:2013mio,Belle:2011aa,Adachi:2012cx,Aaij:2015tga,Aaij:2018bla},
amongst which many states cannot be accom... |
1,314,259,992,660 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1950s Keller \cite{K1954} and Osserman \cite{O1957} obtained independently optimal
conditions for the existence of a solution to the boundary blow-up problem
\begin{equation}\label{ko}
\left\{
\begin{aligned}
\Delta u&=f(u)&&\quad\mbox{ in }\Omega,\\
u&=\infty &&\quad\mbox{ on }\partial\Omeg... |
1,314,259,992,661 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Here I discuss three important ways to tackle
pulse propagation in nonlinear optics.
These include methods that both do and do not
follow the traditional approach of using pulse envelopes.
The description is taken in the 1D limit,
but some discussion on including transverse effects is mad... |
1,314,259,992,662 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
A broad class of disordered soft materials, including emulsions~\cite{Becu:2006}, foams~\cite{Rouyer2008}, colloids~\cite{Mason1995,Knaebel2000}, microgels~\cite{Cloitre2000}, and star polymers~\cite{Rogers2010}, share in common several notable rheological properties. I... |
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