uuid
int64
541B
3,299B
dataset
stringclasses
1 value
text
stringlengths
1
4.29M
1,314,259,992,863
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Action quality assessment (AQA) in sports videos aims to evaluate the quality of the performed action \cite{Pirsiavash_ECCV_2014, Yu_2021_ICCV, Tang_2020_CVPR}. AQA can be used for a number of sports to provide assessments with higher accuracy and consistency while reducing or even completely rem...
1,314,259,992,864
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Game theory, launched in 1928 by John von Neumann in a paper \cite{neumann} and developed in 1944 by John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern in a book \cite{neumann2} is one of the branches of applied mathematics. The aim of this theory is mathematical modeling of behavior of rational players in c...
1,314,259,992,865
arxiv
\section{Introduction and group testing model} The group testing problem was introduced by Dorfman \cite{dorfman} in the 1940s, and captures the idea of efficiently isolating a small subset $\sett{K}$ of defective items in a larger set containing $N$ items. The models used vary slightly, but the fundamental setti...
1,314,259,992,866
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Topological and Geometric Data Analysis (TGDA) describes an emerging set of analytic tools which leverage the underlying shape of a data set to produce topological summaries. These techniques have been particularly successful at providing new insight for high dimensional data sets, topological da...
1,314,259,992,867
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Unruh effect \cite{Dav-Unr,crispino} predicts that the Minkowski vacuum as seen by an observer accelerating uniformly will appear as a warm gas emitting black-body radiation at the \textit{Unruh temperature}. The Unruh effect produces a decoherence-like effect \cite{Omkar:2014hba}....
1,314,259,992,868
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Weakly Interactive Massive Particles (WIMPs) are one of the best motivated Dark Matter candidates. Goodman and Witten \cite{GW} suggested that they would interact with detector nuclei with recoil energies in the keV range (see Ref.~\cite{Gui2011}). Spergel~\cite{Spergel1988} h...
1,314,259,992,869
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well known that SuperSymmetry (SUSY) introduces many new sources of Flavor Changing Neutral Currents (FCNC) which give strong constraints on the construction of extensions of the Standard Model (SM). A common feature of these models is that FCNC effects are induced by SUSY breaking parame...
1,314,259,992,870
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The accelerated expansion of the Universe \cite{1,2}, and its verification by several observations \cite{3}-\cite{5}, motivate the theocratical physicists to propose such theories of gravity, which can extend General Relativity (GR). The extension should be in such a way that observation can...
1,314,259,992,871
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure}[t] \centering \includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{figures/fig_intro_v3.png} \caption{Example shape and pose predictions from a group of input images. Probabilistic shape combination results in a more accurate body shape estimate than both individual single-image pred...
1,314,259,992,872
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The identity and nature of dark matter (DM) remains one of the most important outstanding problems in modern physics. Despite the overwhelming astrophysical evidence for its existence, no conclusive terrestrial observation of DM has yet been reported \cite{Liu2017,Bertone2018}. Currently, most...
1,314,259,992,873
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} We thank useful discussion with F. Sfigakis and L. W. Smith. This work was supported by EPSRC, U.K. \section*{Methods} This work utilized GaAs/Al$_{0.33}$Ga$_{0.67}$As heterostructure in which the two-dimensional electron gas is 96~nm below the surface, with a low temperature mobility of $3...
1,314,259,992,874
arxiv
\section{Introduction} At present, experiments are at the edge of dealing with thermal machines where quantum mechanics should be relevant; therefore, issues such as the manifestations of non-classical features in their behavior and a proper thermodynamic formulation for quantum machines are currently being investigat...
1,314,259,992,875
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Large-volume liquid-scintillator detectors (LSDs) are often used in neutrino-physics experiments, either for neutrino detection or as a veto detector. For detection of the scintillation photons, large-area spherical photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are typically employed....
1,314,259,992,876
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} Over-parameterized deep neural networks owe their popularity much to their ability to (nearly) perfectly memorize large numbers of training examples, and the memorization is known to decrease the generalization error \cite{feldman20does}. On the other hand, scaling the acquisition of...
1,314,259,992,877
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP; \cite{johnston:2007},\cite{westmeier:2010}), represents a significant advance in radio telescope design. This facility will combine high resolution imaging (through the use of a 36-element aperture synthesis array with a maximu...
1,314,259,992,878
arxiv
\section{Abstract} We demonstrate that halogenated methane 2D-Terahertz Terahertz Raman (2D-TTR) spectra are determined by the complicated structure of the instrument response function (IRF) along $f_1$ and by the molecular coherences along $f_2$. Experimental improvements have helped increase the resolution and dynami...
1,314,259,992,879
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, there has been much interest in generating numerical constraints on conformal field theories using the conformal bootstrap \cite{Rattazzi:2008pe,Rychkov:2009ij,Caracciolo:2009bx, Poland:2010wg,Rattazzi:2010gj,Rattazzi:2010yc, Poland2011,Vichi:2011ux,ElShowk:2012hu,ElShowk:2012ht,Liendo...
1,314,259,992,880
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $S=\mathbb{C}[x,y,z]$ be the polynomial ring in three variables $x,y,z$ with complex coefficients, and let $C:f=0$ be a reduced curve of degree $d$ in the complex projective plane $\mathbb{P}^2$. The minimal degree of a Jacobian relation for the polynomial $f$ is the integer $mdr(f)$ define...
1,314,259,992,881
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism \cite{Higgs} is one of the cornerstones of the Standard Model of particle physics. Part of the Higgs mechanism involves a scalar field developing a non-zero vacuum expectation value rather than having a vacuum expectation value of zero. An example of this non-ze...
1,314,259,992,882
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Parameterized quantum circuits offer a flexible paradigm for programming Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers. These circuits are utilized in both Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs)~\cite{cerezo2020variationalreview,bharti2021noisy,peruzzo2014variational,mcclean2016theory,farhi2...
1,314,259,992,883
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Visual tracking has various applications ranging from video surveillance, human computer interaction to autonomous driving. The main difficulty is how to utilize the extremely limited training data (usually a bounding box in the first frame) to develop an appearance model robust to a variety of c...
1,314,259,992,884
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The exponential function is fundamental in mathematics. In Lie theory, the exponential map connects a Lie algebra and its Lie group. Idempotented version of quantized universal enveloping algebras of simple Lie algebras have been categorified \cite{KL1,KL2,R}. This paper can be viewed as ...
1,314,259,992,885
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Since network models can well describe the spreading of infectious disease among populations, many efforts have been devoted to studying this field~\cite{newman2003structure,newman2010networks}. At first, researchers mainly paid attention to analyze the impact of the network str...
1,314,259,992,886
arxiv
\section{Introduction} {In recent years there has been an impressive increase in the analysis of models with interactions and associated optimal control problems.} The motivations {and fields of interest} are various and range from statistical mechanics to biology, from crowd dynamics to the description of economical ...
1,314,259,992,887
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{a-sec1} Fujita's freeness conjecture is very famous and is still open for higher-dimensional varieties. Now we know that it holds true in dimension $\leq 5$ (for the details, see \cite{ye-zhu} and the references therein). \begin{conj}[Fujita's freeness conjecture]\label{a-conj1.1} ...
1,314,259,992,888
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this work we study the existence of solutions to the following concave-convex critical problem involving the spectral fractional Laplacian, \begin{equation}\label{p_lambda}\tag{$P_\lambda$} \left\{ \begin{tabular}{lcl} $(-\Delta)^su=\lambda u^q+u^{2_s^*-1}$, & $u>0$ &in...
1,314,259,992,889
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} The aim of this paper is to study Betti structures in solutions of certain univariate hypergeometric $\mathcal{D}$-modules. These differential systems have a long history, starting from work of Euler and Gau\ss. In modern language, they are the most basic examples of ri...
1,314,259,992,890
arxiv
\section{Introduction} GW170817 has been a milestone event for transient multi-messenger studies. It was the first binary neutron star (NS) merger observed by the LIGO and VIRGO detectors \citep{2017PhRvL.119p1101A}, and so far it remains the only binary NS system from which gravitational waves (GWs) and a multi-wavele...
1,314,259,992,891
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The standard Hamiltonian of solid-state theory considers a system of electrons and ions interacting only through Coulomb forces. These are of zeroth order in the $1/c$ expansion. Besides relativistic corrections, pure electromagnetic interactions contribute already terms of order $1/c^2$ that...
1,314,259,992,892
arxiv
\section{Section title} \acknowledgments Insert here the text.
1,314,259,992,893
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nano-periodic spin and charge correlations in the form of stripes have featured prominently in the debate over the mechanism of superconductivity in the layered cuprates \cite{Vojta-Archiv-2009}. Of particular interest has been the interpretation of the spin fluctuation spectrum measured by neut...
1,314,259,992,894
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The shapes of biological membranes that surround cells and cellular organelles are often highly curved \cite{Shibata09,Kozlov14,Nixon16}. The membrane curvature is induced and regulated by proteins such as the arc-shaped BAR domains \cite{Takei99,Peter04,Rao11,Baumgart11,Mim12b} or the reticulo...
1,314,259,992,895
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec-intro} The effectiveness of model-free reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms has been demonstrated extensively on robotic control tasks, computer video games, and other challenging problems \cite{lillicrap2015,mnih2015}. Despite of widespread success, many existing RL algorithms must...
1,314,259,992,896
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent Any massive body, having a mass greater than a particular limit, collapsing under the influence of its own gravity leads to the formation of singularity. The weak and strong cosmic censorship conjectures say that the singularity thus formed would be hidden from a distant observer by t...
1,314,259,992,897
arxiv
\section{Parametrization of lepton angular distribution} \label{sec:param} A probability density function (pdf) for a single event can be defined through the matrix element as~\cite{Alwall:2010cq} \begin{eqnarray} \rho(\mathbf{p}^{\text{vis}}|\lambda) = \dfrac{1}{\sigma_{\lambda}} \sum_{a,b} \int \d x_1 \d x_2 f_a(x_...
1,314,259,992,898
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} \medskip It is well known that a magnetic field can be a shield against the effect of solar wind and cosmic rays. The most famous effect happens in the earth, in which its magnetic field pushes the cosmic rays towards the poles, causing the aurora borealis. Analogously, one can p...
1,314,259,992,899
arxiv
\section{Introduction} ACM's consolidated article template, introduced in 2017, provides a consistent \LaTeX\ style for use across ACM publications, and incorporates accessibility and metadata-extraction functionality necessary for future Digital Library endeavors. Numerous ACM and SIG-specific \LaTeX\ templates have b...
1,314,259,992,900
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} A \emph{tree} on a finite set $X$ is a connected acyclic graph with vertex set $X$. A \emph{rooted tree} is a tree with a distinguished vertex called a \emph{root}. It is well-known that the number of rooted trees on $[n]=\{1,2,\dots,n\}$ is $n^{n-1}$, see \cite[5.3.2~Pro...
1,314,259,992,901
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Stochastic simulation is used to characterize the behavior of complex systems that are driven by random input processes. By ``input process'' we mean a sequence of one or more random variables with a fully specified joint distribution. In this paper we consider independent and identically dist...
1,314,259,992,902
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Next-generation astronomy research facilities will generate new challenges for data storage, access, analysis and system monitoring, bringing astronomy into the Petascale Data Era. But even today, astronomical knowledge is not growing at the same rate as the data. Scientific visualization is a f...
1,314,259,992,903
arxiv
\section*{INTRODUCTION} It is the purpose of the present contribution to describe a comprehensive theory for the production of pions due to the interactions of incident photons with nucleons \cite{hh97}. The history of such descriptions goes back to the fifties, and indeed many of the more general basic relations have...
1,314,259,992,904
arxiv
\section{Introduction} To operate within a scene, embodied agents require a comprehensive representation of their surroundings. Such perceptual understanding should not be limited to determining object identities, but should rather capture relationships between objects and between the agent and its surroundings. An e...
1,314,259,992,905
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} In this paper, we propose and analyze a stochastic semismooth Newton framework for solving general nonsmooth, nonconvex optimization problems of the form \begin{equation}\label{eq:prob} \mathop{\textrm{min}}\limits_{x\in\mathbb{R}^n}~\psi(x):= f(x)+r(x) \end{equation} where $f: ...
1,314,259,992,906
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:Introduction}Introduction} The main motivation for the present paper is the study of functional traits in evolutionary biology and quantitative genetics. Evolutionary biology investigates the change of physical traits (phenotypes) across generations. Some traits are univariate or multivariate,...
1,314,259,992,907
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \indent \par The operators of fractional differentiation have been introduced by Leibnitz, Liouville, Riemann, Grunwal and Letnikov \cite{Cresson}. The fractional derivatives and integrals are used in the description of some models in mechanics, physics \cite{Cresson}, economics \cite{Capu...
1,314,259,992,908
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Simple rings are so-called because their two-sided ideal structure is as simple as possible. A natural way of generalizing the notion of a simple ring is to allow the presence of two-sided ideals, but to insist that the nonzero ones be very ``large.'' Specifically, we consider algebras for whi...
1,314,259,992,909
arxiv
\chapter{Introduction} \label{intro} Physical theories are usually formulated as differential equations. Some such examples are Hamilton's equation of motion (describing the classical motion of a point particle) \begin{align} \frac{\dd}{\dd t} \left ( % \begin{matrix} q \\ p \\ \end{matrix} % \right ) &= \l...
1,314,259,992,910
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For a given continuous-time plant $\dot{x}(t)=Ax(t)+Bu(t)$ and a sampled-data state-feedback controller $u(t)=Kx(t_k),t\in[t_k,t_{k+1})$, we define the maximum sampling interval (MSI) as the largest possible $h>0$ such that the closed loop is asymptotically stable for any sampling sequence with $...
1,314,259,992,911
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} The modern era of high-throughput data collection creates data in abundance. Some devices -- spectrometers and gene chips come to mind -- automatically generate measurements on thousands of standard features of each observational unit. What hasn't changed in science i...
1,314,259,992,912
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many simulations of physical, biological, and/or mathematical phenomena rely on computations over the real numbers. Hence, it is important to precisely characterize the computability and computational complexity of real processes and operators. The discrete case has been well studied and is now ...
1,314,259,992,913
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace{5mm} Understanding of closed string tachyon condensation has been gradually proceeding. In recent researches, it has been recognized that there is a class of tachyons whose condensation can be understood rather easily. It is a class in which tachyons are localized in a non-compact sp...
1,314,259,992,914
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Hyperbolically embedded subgroups were introduced in~\cite{osin2} by Dahmani, Guiraldel and Osin, their definition is recalled in Section~\ref{sec:HypEmbDef}. Given a group $G$, $X\subset G$ and $H\leq G$, let $H\hookrightarrow_h (G,X)$ denote that $H$ is hyperbolically embedded subgroup of $G$ ...
1,314,259,992,915
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $M$ be a compact symplectic manifold with symplectic form $\omega$. On the space $\mathcal J$ of all $\omega$-compatible complex structures $J$ there is a natural symplectic form with respect to which the scalar curvature $S(J)$ of the K\"ahler manifold $(M, \omega, J)$ becomes a moment map ...
1,314,259,992,916
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A major contributing factor behind recent success in deep learning is the availability of large-scale annotated datasets \cite{russakovsky2015imagenet}. Despite the existing performance gap to humans, deep-learning-based computer vision methods have become essential advancement of real-world syst...
1,314,259,992,917
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \noindent In this paper, we shall develop a data-driven method to solve the following multiscale elliptic PDEs with random coefficients $a(x,\omega)$, \begin{align} \mathcal{L}(x,\omega) u(x,\omega) \equiv -\nabla\cdot\big(a(x,\omega)\nabla u(x,\omega)\big) &= f(x), \qu...
1,314,259,992,918
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Approximate solution of PDEs using machine learning techniques has been considered in various forms in the past thirty years. For instance, \cite{lagaris1998,lagaris2000,lee1990,malek2006} propose to use neural networks to solve PDEs and ODEs. These articles compute neu...
1,314,259,992,919
arxiv
\section{Introduction } Ultracold atoms provides an ideal platform to investigate and simulate many-body problems of condensed-matter physics, e.g., the Mott insulator transition \cite{Bloch}, magnetic phase transition \cite{Lewenstein}, because of their unprecedented controllability in purity and interatomic interact...
1,314,259,992,920
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The investigation of wormholes is a very hypothetical but interesting research topic. One may study wormholes in the Lorentzian signatures; if the wormhole throat is time-like and traversable, then it should violate the averaged null energy condition by a certain way, e.g., introducing an exotic...
1,314,259,992,921
arxiv
\subsection*{1. Introduction} Perhaps the most difficult problem of the supersymmetric grand unified theories (GUTs) is the `doublet--triplet splitting' problem. The heart of the problem has to do with the fact that in the GUT context the Higgs doublets of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) $H, \bar H$ ...
1,314,259,992,922
arxiv
\section{Hyperfinite Collections} Although we will not go into detail, Schramm \cite{hgl} discusses the concept of a hyperfinite collection whose definition is presented below. In this section, we merely provide an example of such a collection. \begin{defn} A collection of finite graphs $\mathcal{G}$ is $(k,\varepsilo...
1,314,259,992,923
arxiv
\section*{References}
1,314,259,992,924
arxiv
\subsection{Myopic Algorithm}\label{sec:greedy-algorithm} The non-convexity of \probref{problem:BASIS-optimization-problem} is due to the expression of the stationary distribution $\boldsymbol{\pi}$ that appears in the objective function. As mentioned, the stationary distribution captures the long-term behavior of ...
1,314,259,992,925
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Sound generation by spinning modes is a central problem in many applications. Devices such as propellers and fans obviously produce a rotating source system, but the termination of a circular duct also radiates like a spinning source and jets have a source system which c...
1,314,259,992,926
arxiv
\section{Analysis} \subsection{Correctness}\label{sec:correctness} The private training protocol does not alter any of the computations of the original training algorithm and therefore results in the same output. The additive randomization $r_i$ introduced in Step 3 is removed in Step 6 leaving the results unchanged...
1,314,259,992,927
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the recent paper \emph{The third homology of} $SL_{2}(\mathbb{Q})$ (\cite{ArticlehomologyQprint}), Hutchinson calculates the structure of $H_{3}(\mathrm{SL}_{2}(\mathbb{Q}),\mathbb{Z})$ by calculating the surjective homomorphism $H_{3}(\mathrm{SL}_{2}(\mathbb{Q}),\mathbb{Z})\rightarrow K_{3...
1,314,259,992,928
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Hypotheses on the suppression of $\chi_c$ and $\chi_b$ production in nucleus-nucleus collisions play a crucial role in the interpretation of the J/$\psi$ and $\Upsilon(1S)$ measurements from SPS~\cite{bib:SPS}, RHIC~\cite{bib:RHIC} and LHC~\cite{bib:LHC} in terms of evidence of...
1,314,259,992,929
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent This paper is devoted to the study of perturbations of the Crapper waves through gravity and concentrated vorticity. The problem that we analyze is the free-boundary stationary Euler equation with vorticity \begin{subequations}\label{v-euler} \begin{align}[left=\empheqlbrace\,] &v\cdot...
1,314,259,992,930
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We work over a field $k$ with algebraic closure $\bar{k}$. A rational curve is a smooth, projective, geometrically connected curve of genus $0$. \subsection*{The field of moduli} Let $D\subset \PP^{1}_{\bar{k}}$ be an effective reduced divisor. If $k$ is perfect, consider the subgroup $H\subset...
1,314,259,992,931
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An increasingly complex and diverse collection of ML models as well as hardware/software stacks are being proposed each day. This has lead to a vibrant and diverse landscape of ML. The amount of ML solutions are overwhelming. In ~\cite{dean2018new} the authors show that the number of ML \textit{...
1,314,259,992,932
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Increasing the accuracy of the approximations to the exchange-correlation energy functional $E_{xc}[\rho]$ of Kohn-Sham (KS) density functional theory (DFT) is of crucial importance for research areas ranging from theoretical chemistry and biochemistry to solid-state and surface physics (for a r...
1,314,259,992,933
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The detection of merging black hole (BH) binaries through gravitational waves \citep[e.g.,][]{abbott_2016_aa, ligo18b} has opened an observational window on the most massive stellar BHs in the Universe. Stellar evolution theory predicts the existence of a gap in the BH...
1,314,259,992,934
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the rapid development of modern communication and multimedia technologies, the dissemination and processing of digital multimedia products are becoming more and more popular, which inevitably gives rise to a variety of piracy and infringement issues. Watermarking techniques have received si...
1,314,259,992,935
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The gravitational memory effect results in a net change in the relative separation of distant particles. After a wave passes it is determined by the difference between the initial and final radiation strain measured by a gravitational wave detector. The possibility of observable astrophysical co...
1,314,259,992,936
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure}[h] \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=.9\linewidth]{img/main.png} \end{center} \caption{ Bigger backbone (from ResNet18 to ViT-B16) and bigger pre-train dataset (from ImageNet to YMC1000) improve the performance of ERM on VLCS, PACS, OfficeHome, TerraIncognita. Even witho...
1,314,259,992,937
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:int} In this paper we are interested in the solution of the generalized equation \begin{equation} \label{eq:ipi} F(x) +T(x) \ni 0, \end{equation} where $F:{\Omega}\to H$ is a Fr\'echet differentiable function, $H$ is a Hilbert space, $\Omega\subseteq H$ an open set and $T:H \rightri...
1,314,259,992,938
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Lagrangian cobordism is a natural relation between Legendrian submanifolds, and it is a crucial ingredient in the definition of the functorial properties of invariants of Legendrian submanifolds in the spirit of symplectic field theory as introduced by Eliashberg, Givental and Hofer in \cite{Eli...
1,314,259,992,939
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In \cite{EF} Elvang and Figueras have presented a family of axisymmetric black hole solutions to vacuum 4+1-dimensional Einstein equations. Due to the specific topology of the event horizon: $\mathbb{R}\times\big( (S^1\times S^2) \cup S^3)\big)$ it has been named Black Saturn. It can be regarded...
1,314,259,992,940
arxiv
\section{\label{Intro}Introduction} In quantum chromodynamics (QCD), parton distribution and fragmentation functions (PDFs and FFs) are used to describe the long distance bound state nature of hadrons. Historically PDFs and FFs have been taken to only be dependent on the longitudinal momentum fraction $x$ and $z$, res...
1,314,259,992,941
arxiv
\section{\label{SI sec: Microscopic model of dipolar-octupolar pyrochlores} Microscopic model of dipolar-octupolar pyrochlores} \subsection{Coordinate systems} \subsubsection{Lattice coordinates} As illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig: pyrochlore lattice}, the magnetically active ions in spin ice form a pyrochlore lattice...
1,314,259,992,942
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The advancements in deep neural networks (DNNs) have reinforced the use of DNNs for biometric authentication as a security protocol~\cite{KAUR202030, HOMCHOUDHURY2019202, article2}. However, biometric information such as facial, iris, palm print, ear, and fingerprint data is becoming increasingly...
1,314,259,992,943
arxiv
\section{Introduction} During the last decade, non-classical states of light became a necessary tool in many physical experiments, most notably, very high precision measurements \cite{Nature_2011}, quantum computations, and quantum cryptography (see e.g., review papers \cite{Gisin_RMP_74_145_2002, Kok_RMP_79_135_2007,...
1,314,259,992,944
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} The authors would like to thank Guillaume Desjardins, Csaba Szepesvari, Jost Tobias Springenberg, Steven Bohez, Philemon Brakel, Brendan Tracey, Jonas Degrave, Jonas Buchli, Leslie Fritz, Chloe Rosenberg, and many others at DeepMind for their support and feedback on this paper. \section{Algor...
1,314,259,992,945
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The solutions of the unconditional basic sequence problem \cite{go-ma} and the distortion problem (\cite{G0}, \cite{od-schl}) have an intricate connection. They both have profited on one side from the development of the Tsirelson-like constructions of conditional norms and on the other from th...
1,314,259,992,946
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec: Intro} Inspired by both the fundamental interest and also potential applications to quantum computing, the search for Majorana fermions (MFs) has become one of the central topics in condensed matter physics, see Refs. \onlinecite{Alicea12,LF12,ST13,Bee13} for reviews. One of the mo...
1,314,259,992,947
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Permanent Magnets Synchronous Machines (PMSMs) are nowadays widely adopted in several fields, ranging from vehicle propulsion to industrial motion applications. In many contexts, rotor position and speed information is required to achieve accurate regulation, yet the presence of mechanical senso...
1,314,259,992,948
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Extraordinary amounts of data are being collected in the form of arrays across many scientific domains, including sociology, physics, and biology, among others. In particular, network data and network data analysis have received a lot of attention because of their wide-ranging a...
1,314,259,992,949
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The generalizability, which enables an algorithm to handle unseen tasks, is fruitful yet challenging in multifarious decision-making domains. Recent literature~\cite{xu2021bayesian, cranmer2006discovering, li2020ngs} reveals the critical role of reasoning in improving the generalization of rei...
1,314,259,992,950
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{C}{haracteristic} mode analyses \cite{Garbacz_TCMdissertation,Harrington_1971a,Harrington_1971b} of arrays and metasurfaces typically follow one of two trends aimed at reducing what is, in principle, a problem of infinite spatial extent to one of finite size. The simplest of these...
1,314,259,992,951
arxiv
\section{Main definitions} Let $T^2$ be a finite (but very deep) bi-tree. Bi-tree is the directed graph of all dyadic rectangles in the square $Q_0=[0,1]^2$. We assume that it terminates at small squares of size $2^{-N}\times 2^{-N}$, we call them generically by symbol $\omega$. The boundary $\partial(T^2)$ is thi...
1,314,259,992,952
arxiv
\section{Asymptotically self-similar singularities} \setcounter{equation}{0} We are concerned on the following Euler equations for the homogeneous incompressible fluid flows in $\Bbb R^3$. \[ \mathrm{ (E)} \left\{ \aligned &\frac{\partial v}{\partial t} +(v\cdot \nabla )v =-\nabla p , \quad (x,t)\in {\Bbb R^3}\...
1,314,259,992,953
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{} Heavy quarks (charm and beauty) are mostly produced in hard partonic scattering processes in the early stages of the collisions. Because of their large mass the production cross section can be calculated using perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (pQCD) down to $p_{\mathrm{T}}=0$. There...
1,314,259,992,954
arxiv
\section*{List of Supplementary Figures} \vspace{-0.25cm} \begin{enumerate} \item Fig S1: The final expression levels $B$, $W$ and $R$ of the patterning genes, as well as, the concentrations of the Notch ligand, $L$, and NICD, $N^b$, for each of the coupling types.. \item Fig S2: Spatio-temporal evolution of the expre...
1,314,259,992,955
arxiv
\section{} Measurements of exoplanet magnetic fields remain elusive, although detections have now been confirmed in a small number of T-dwarfs \citep{route12,route13,kao16}. While radio observations of auroral emission continue to be pursued, the possibility of indirectly measuring planetary magnetic fields via UV an...
1,314,259,992,956
arxiv
\section*{Glossary of Terms} \begin{description} \item[\emph{Granular materials}:] Granular materials are collections of discrete, macroscopic particles that interact with each other through contact (rather than long-range) forces. Importantly, these systems are non-equilibrium: the particles are large enough to av...
1,314,259,992,957
arxiv
\section{Parameterized by Clique-width}\label{sec:cliquewidth} In this section, we give an $\XP$-time algorithm for \cliquecol parameterized by clique-width, more precisely, parameterized by the equivalent measure module-width. We provide an algorithm that given an $n$-vertex graph $G$ with one of its rooted branch de...
1,314,259,992,958
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} The term \emph{big data} as the name suggest refers to information assets characterized by high volume, fast access speed, and a large ontological variety. Dealing with big data requires specific technologies and analytical methods for its transformation into value. The ter...
1,314,259,992,959
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the early 1980's, Herman \cite{herman:1983} and Grebogi et al.\ \cite{grebogi/ott/pelikan/yorke:1984} independently discovered the existence of strange non-chaotic attractors (SNA's) in quasiperiodically forced (qpf) systems. These objects combine a complicated geometry% \footnote{This mean...
1,314,259,992,960
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $G$ be a simple graph of order $n$ with vertex set $V$. We denote two adjacent vertices $v,w$ as $v\sim w$. A \textit{coprime labeling} of $G$ is a labeling of $V$ using distinct labels from the set $\{1,\ldots,m\}$ for some integer $m\geq n$ in which adjacent vertices are labeled by ...
1,314,259,992,961
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Mobile biometrics is a growing research topic, with published literature ranging from continuous authentication using touch and keystroke data (e.g., \cite{185306, MENG20181}) to usability surveys on commercialized face and fingerprint systems (e.g. \cite{Bhagavatula15biometricauthentication, Jav...
1,314,259,992,962
arxiv
\section{Introduction} 2-D complex Gabor filter has been widely used in numerous applications of computer vision and image processing thanks to its elegant properties of extracting locally-varying structures from an image. In general, it is composed of the Gaussian kernel and complex sinusoidal modulation term, which c...