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1,314,259,992,863 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Action quality assessment (AQA) in sports videos aims to evaluate the quality of the performed action \cite{Pirsiavash_ECCV_2014, Yu_2021_ICCV, Tang_2020_CVPR}. AQA can be used for a number of sports to provide assessments with higher accuracy and consistency while reducing or even completely rem... |
1,314,259,992,864 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Game theory, launched in 1928 by John von Neumann in a paper \cite{neumann} and developed in 1944 by John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern in a book \cite{neumann2} is one of the branches of applied mathematics. The aim of this theory is mathematical modeling of behavior of rational players in c... |
1,314,259,992,865 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and group testing model}
The group testing problem was introduced by Dorfman \cite{dorfman} in the 1940s, and captures the idea of
efficiently isolating
a small subset $\sett{K}$ of defective items in a larger set containing $N$ items.
The models used vary slightly, but the fundamental setti... |
1,314,259,992,866 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Topological and Geometric Data Analysis (TGDA) describes an emerging set of analytic tools which leverage the underlying shape of a data set to produce topological summaries. These techniques have been particularly successful at providing new insight for high dimensional data sets, topological da... |
1,314,259,992,867 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Unruh effect \cite{Dav-Unr,crispino} predicts
that the Minkowski vacuum as seen by an observer accelerating uniformly
will appear as a warm gas emitting black-body radiation at the \textit{Unruh temperature}. The Unruh effect produces
a decoherence-like effect \cite{Omkar:2014hba}.... |
1,314,259,992,868 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Weakly Interactive Massive Particles (WIMPs) are one of the best motivated Dark Matter candidates.
Goodman and Witten \cite{GW} suggested that they would interact with detector nuclei with recoil energies in the keV range (see Ref.~\cite{Gui2011}).
Spergel~\cite{Spergel1988} h... |
1,314,259,992,869 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well known that SuperSymmetry (SUSY) introduces many new sources of
Flavor Changing Neutral Currents (FCNC) which give strong constraints on the
construction of extensions of the Standard Model (SM).
A common feature of these models is that FCNC effects are induced by SUSY breaking
parame... |
1,314,259,992,870 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The accelerated expansion of the Universe \cite{1,2}, and its
verification by several observations \cite{3}-\cite{5}, motivate the
theocratical physicists to propose such theories of gravity, which
can extend General Relativity (GR). The extension should be in such
a way that observation can... |
1,314,259,992,871 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{figures/fig_intro_v3.png}
\caption{Example shape and pose predictions from a group of input images. Probabilistic shape combination results in a more accurate body shape estimate than both individual single-image pred... |
1,314,259,992,872 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The identity and nature of dark matter (DM) remains one of the most important outstanding problems in modern physics.
Despite the overwhelming astrophysical evidence for its existence, no conclusive terrestrial observation of DM has yet been reported \cite{Liu2017,Bertone2018}.
Currently, most... |
1,314,259,992,873 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
We thank useful discussion with F. Sfigakis and L. W. Smith. This work was supported by EPSRC, U.K.
\section*{Methods}
This work utilized GaAs/Al$_{0.33}$Ga$_{0.67}$As heterostructure in which the two-dimensional electron gas is 96~nm below the surface, with a low temperature mobility of $3... |
1,314,259,992,874 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
At present, experiments are at the edge of dealing with thermal machines
where quantum mechanics should be relevant; therefore, issues such as the manifestations of non-classical features in their behavior and a proper thermodynamic formulation for quantum machines are currently being investigat... |
1,314,259,992,875 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Large-volume liquid-scintillator detectors (LSDs) are often used in neutrino-physics experiments,
either for neutrino detection or as a veto detector. For detection of the scintillation photons,
large-area spherical photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are typically employed.... |
1,314,259,992,876 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
Over-parameterized deep neural networks owe their popularity much to their ability to (nearly) perfectly memorize large numbers of training examples, and the memorization is known to decrease the generalization error \cite{feldman20does}.
On the other hand, scaling the acquisition of... |
1,314,259,992,877 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP;
\cite{johnston:2007},\cite{westmeier:2010}),
represents a significant advance
in radio telescope design. This facility will combine high resolution
imaging (through the use of a 36-element aperture synthesis array
with a maximu... |
1,314,259,992,878 | arxiv | \section{Abstract}
We demonstrate that halogenated methane 2D-Terahertz Terahertz Raman (2D-TTR) spectra are determined by the complicated structure of the instrument response function (IRF) along $f_1$ and by the molecular coherences along $f_2$. Experimental improvements have helped increase the resolution and dynami... |
1,314,259,992,879 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, there has been much interest in generating numerical constraints on conformal field theories using the conformal bootstrap \cite{Rattazzi:2008pe,Rychkov:2009ij,Caracciolo:2009bx, Poland:2010wg,Rattazzi:2010gj,Rattazzi:2010yc, Poland2011,Vichi:2011ux,ElShowk:2012hu,ElShowk:2012ht,Liendo... |
1,314,259,992,880 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $S=\mathbb{C}[x,y,z]$ be the polynomial ring in three variables $x,y,z$ with complex coefficients, and let $C:f=0$ be a reduced curve of degree $d$ in the complex projective plane $\mathbb{P}^2$. The minimal degree of a Jacobian relation for the polynomial $f$ is the integer $mdr(f)$
define... |
1,314,259,992,881 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism \cite{Higgs} is one of the cornerstones of the Standard Model of particle physics. Part of the Higgs mechanism involves a scalar field developing a non-zero vacuum expectation value rather than having a vacuum expectation value of zero. An example of this non-ze... |
1,314,259,992,882 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Parameterized quantum circuits offer a flexible paradigm for programming Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers. These circuits are utilized in both Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs)~\cite{cerezo2020variationalreview,bharti2021noisy,peruzzo2014variational,mcclean2016theory,farhi2... |
1,314,259,992,883 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Visual tracking has various applications ranging from video surveillance, human computer interaction to autonomous driving. The main difficulty is how to utilize the extremely limited training data (usually a bounding box in the first frame) to develop an appearance model robust to a variety of c... |
1,314,259,992,884 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The exponential function is fundamental in mathematics.
In Lie theory, the exponential map connects a Lie algebra and its Lie group.
Idempotented version of quantized universal enveloping algebras of simple Lie algebras have been categorified \cite{KL1,KL2,R}.
This paper can be viewed as ... |
1,314,259,992,885 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Since network models can well describe the spreading of infectious disease among populations, many efforts have been devoted to studying this field~\cite{newman2003structure,newman2010networks}. At first, researchers mainly paid attention to analyze the impact of the network str... |
1,314,259,992,886 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
{In recent years there has been an impressive increase in the analysis of models with interactions and associated optimal control problems.}
The motivations {and fields of interest} are various and range from statistical mechanics to biology, from crowd dynamics to the description of economical ... |
1,314,259,992,887 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{a-sec1}
Fujita's freeness conjecture is
very famous and is still open for
higher-dimensional varieties.
Now we know that
it holds true in dimension $\leq 5$ (for the
details, see \cite{ye-zhu} and the references therein).
\begin{conj}[Fujita's freeness conjecture]\label{a-conj1.1}
... |
1,314,259,992,888 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this work we study the existence of solutions to the following concave-convex critical problem involving the spectral fractional Laplacian,
\begin{equation}\label{p_lambda}\tag{$P_\lambda$}
\left\{
\begin{tabular}{lcl}
$(-\Delta)^su=\lambda u^q+u^{2_s^*-1}$, & $u>0$ &in... |
1,314,259,992,889 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
The aim of this paper is to study Betti structures in solutions of certain univariate hypergeometric $\mathcal{D}$-modules. These differential systems have a long history, starting from work of Euler and Gau\ss. In modern language, they are the most basic examples of ri... |
1,314,259,992,890 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
GW170817 has been a milestone event for transient multi-messenger studies. It was the first binary neutron star (NS) merger observed by the LIGO and VIRGO detectors \citep{2017PhRvL.119p1101A}, and so far it remains the only binary NS system from which gravitational waves (GWs) and a multi-wavele... |
1,314,259,992,891 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The standard Hamiltonian of solid-state theory considers a system of electrons and ions interacting only through Coulomb forces. These are of zeroth order in the $1/c$ expansion. Besides relativistic corrections, pure electromagnetic interactions contribute already terms of order $1/c^2$ that... |
1,314,259,992,892 | arxiv | \section{Section title}
\acknowledgments
Insert here the text.
|
1,314,259,992,893 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Nano-periodic spin and charge correlations in the form of stripes
have featured prominently in the debate over the mechanism of
superconductivity in the layered cuprates \cite{Vojta-Archiv-2009}.
Of particular interest has been the interpretation of the spin
fluctuation spectrum measured by neut... |
1,314,259,992,894 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
The shapes of biological membranes that surround cells and cellular organelles are often highly curved \cite{Shibata09,Kozlov14,Nixon16}. The membrane curvature is induced and regulated by proteins such as the arc-shaped BAR domains \cite{Takei99,Peter04,Rao11,Baumgart11,Mim12b} or the reticulo... |
1,314,259,992,895 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec-intro}
The effectiveness of model-free reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms has been demonstrated extensively on robotic control tasks, computer video games, and other challenging problems \cite{lillicrap2015,mnih2015}. Despite of widespread success, many existing RL algorithms must... |
1,314,259,992,896 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent
Any massive body, having a mass greater than a particular limit, collapsing under the influence of its own gravity leads to the formation of singularity.
The weak and strong cosmic censorship conjectures say that the singularity thus formed would be hidden from a distant observer by t... |
1,314,259,992,897 | arxiv | \section{Parametrization of lepton angular distribution}
\label{sec:param}
A probability density function (pdf) for a single event can be defined through the matrix element as~\cite{Alwall:2010cq}
\begin{eqnarray}
\rho(\mathbf{p}^{\text{vis}}|\lambda) = \dfrac{1}{\sigma_{\lambda}} \sum_{a,b} \int \d x_1 \d x_2 f_a(x_... |
1,314,259,992,898 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main results}
\medskip
It is well known that a magnetic field can be a shield against the effect of solar wind and cosmic rays. The most famous effect happens in the earth, in which its magnetic field pushes the cosmic rays towards the poles, causing the aurora borealis.
Analogously, one can p... |
1,314,259,992,899 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
ACM's consolidated article template, introduced in 2017, provides a
consistent \LaTeX\ style for use across ACM publications, and
incorporates accessibility and metadata-extraction functionality
necessary for future Digital Library endeavors. Numerous ACM and
SIG-specific \LaTeX\ templates have b... |
1,314,259,992,900 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
A \emph{tree} on a finite set $X$ is a connected acyclic graph with vertex set
$X$. A \emph{rooted tree} is a tree with a distinguished vertex called a
\emph{root}. It is well-known that the number of rooted trees on
$[n]=\{1,2,\dots,n\}$ is $n^{n-1}$, see \cite[5.3.2~Pro... |
1,314,259,992,901 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Stochastic simulation is used to characterize the behavior of complex
systems that are driven by random input processes. By ``input
process'' we mean a sequence of one or more random variables with a
fully specified joint distribution. In this paper we consider
independent and identically dist... |
1,314,259,992,902 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Next-generation astronomy research facilities will generate new challenges for data storage, access, analysis and system monitoring, bringing astronomy into the Petascale Data Era. But even today, astronomical knowledge is not growing at the same rate as the data. Scientific visualization is a f... |
1,314,259,992,903 | arxiv | \section*{INTRODUCTION}
It is the purpose of the present contribution to describe a comprehensive
theory for the production of pions due to the interactions
of incident photons with nucleons \cite{hh97}. The history of
such descriptions goes
back to the fifties, and indeed many of the more general basic relations
have... |
1,314,259,992,904 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
To operate within a scene, embodied agents require
a comprehensive representation of their surroundings. Such
perceptual understanding should not be limited to determining object identities, but should rather capture relationships
between objects and between the agent and its surroundings.
An e... |
1,314,259,992,905 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
In this paper, we propose and analyze a stochastic semismooth Newton framework for solving general nonsmooth, nonconvex optimization problems of the form
\begin{equation}\label{eq:prob}
\mathop{\textrm{min}}\limits_{x\in\mathbb{R}^n}~\psi(x):= f(x)+r(x)
\end{equation}
where
$f: ... |
1,314,259,992,906 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Introduction}Introduction}
The main motivation for the present paper is the study of functional traits
in evolutionary biology and quantitative genetics. Evolutionary biology
investigates the change of physical traits (phenotypes) across generations.
Some traits are univariate or multivariate,... |
1,314,259,992,907 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\indent \par The operators of fractional differentiation
have been introduced by Leibnitz, Liouville, Riemann,
Grunwal and Letnikov \cite{Cresson}. The fractional
derivatives and integrals are used in the description
of some models in mechanics, physics \cite{Cresson},
economics \cite{Capu... |
1,314,259,992,908 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Simple rings are so-called because their two-sided ideal structure is as simple as possible. A natural way of generalizing the notion of a simple ring is to allow the presence of two-sided ideals, but to insist that the nonzero ones be very ``large.'' Specifically, we consider algebras for whi... |
1,314,259,992,909 | arxiv |
\chapter{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Physical theories are usually formulated as differential equations. Some such examples are Hamilton's equation of motion (describing the classical motion of a point particle)
\begin{align}
\frac{\dd}{\dd t} \left (
%
\begin{matrix}
q \\
p \\
\end{matrix}
%
\right ) &= \l... |
1,314,259,992,910 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For a given continuous-time plant $\dot{x}(t)=Ax(t)+Bu(t)$ and a sampled-data state-feedback controller $u(t)=Kx(t_k),t\in[t_k,t_{k+1})$, we define the maximum sampling interval (MSI) as the largest possible $h>0$ such that the closed loop is asymptotically stable for any sampling sequence with $... |
1,314,259,992,911 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
The modern era of high-throughput data collection
creates data in abundance.
Some devices -- spectrometers and gene chips come to mind --
automatically generate measurements
on thousands of standard features of each observational unit.
What hasn't changed in science i... |
1,314,259,992,912 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many simulations of physical, biological, and/or mathematical phenomena rely on computations over the real numbers.
Hence, it is important to precisely characterize the computability and computational complexity of real processes and operators. The discrete case has been well studied and is now ... |
1,314,259,992,913 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{5mm}
Understanding of closed string tachyon condensation has been gradually proceeding.
In recent researches, it has been recognized that there is a class of tachyons whose condensation can
be understood rather easily.
It is a class in which tachyons are localized in a non-compact sp... |
1,314,259,992,914 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Hyperbolically embedded subgroups were introduced in~\cite{osin2} by Dahmani, Guiraldel and Osin, their definition is recalled in Section~\ref{sec:HypEmbDef}. Given a group $G$, $X\subset G$ and $H\leq G$, let $H\hookrightarrow_h (G,X)$ denote that $H$ is hyperbolically embedded subgroup of $G$ ... |
1,314,259,992,915 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $M$ be a compact symplectic manifold with symplectic form $\omega$.
On the space $\mathcal J$ of all $\omega$-compatible complex structures $J$ there is
a natural symplectic form with respect to which the scalar curvature $S(J)$ of the
K\"ahler manifold $(M, \omega, J)$ becomes a moment map ... |
1,314,259,992,916 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A major contributing factor behind recent success in deep learning is the availability of large-scale annotated datasets \cite{russakovsky2015imagenet}. Despite the existing performance gap to humans, deep-learning-based computer vision methods have become essential advancement of real-world syst... |
1,314,259,992,917 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
\noindent
In this paper, we shall develop a data-driven method to solve the following multiscale elliptic PDEs with random coefficients $a(x,\omega)$,
\begin{align}
\mathcal{L}(x,\omega) u(x,\omega) \equiv -\nabla\cdot\big(a(x,\omega)\nabla u(x,\omega)\big) &= f(x),
\qu... |
1,314,259,992,918 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
Approximate solution of PDEs using machine learning techniques has been considered in various forms in the past thirty years. For instance, \cite{lagaris1998,lagaris2000,lee1990,malek2006} propose to use neural networks to solve PDEs and
ODEs. These articles compute neu... |
1,314,259,992,919 | arxiv | \section{Introduction }
Ultracold atoms provides an ideal platform to investigate and simulate
many-body problems of condensed-matter physics, e.g., the Mott insulator
transition \cite{Bloch}, magnetic phase transition \cite{Lewenstein},
because of their unprecedented controllability in purity and interatomic
interact... |
1,314,259,992,920 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The investigation of wormholes is a very hypothetical but interesting research topic. One may study wormholes in the Lorentzian signatures; if the wormhole throat is time-like and traversable, then it should violate the averaged null energy condition by a certain way, e.g., introducing an exotic... |
1,314,259,992,921 | arxiv | \subsection*{1. Introduction}
Perhaps the most difficult problem of the supersymmetric
grand unified theories (GUTs) is the `doublet--triplet splitting' problem.
The heart of the problem has to do with the fact that in the GUT
context the Higgs doublets of the minimal supersymmetric standard model
(MSSM) $H, \bar H$ ... |
1,314,259,992,922 | arxiv | \section{Hyperfinite Collections}
Although we will not go into detail, Schramm \cite{hgl} discusses the concept of a hyperfinite collection whose definition is presented below. In this section, we merely provide an example of such a collection.
\begin{defn}
A collection of finite graphs $\mathcal{G}$ is $(k,\varepsilo... |
1,314,259,992,923 | arxiv | \section*{References}
|
1,314,259,992,924 | arxiv |
\subsection{Myopic Algorithm}\label{sec:greedy-algorithm}
The non-convexity of \probref{problem:BASIS-optimization-problem} is due to the expression of the stationary distribution $\boldsymbol{\pi}$ that appears in the objective function. As mentioned, the stationary distribution captures the long-term behavior of ... |
1,314,259,992,925 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Sound generation by spinning modes is a central problem in many
applications. Devices such as propellers and fans obviously produce a
rotating source system, but the termination of a circular duct also
radiates like a spinning source and jets have a source system which
c... |
1,314,259,992,926 | arxiv |
\section{Analysis}
\subsection{Correctness}\label{sec:correctness}
The private training protocol does not alter any of the computations
of the original training algorithm and therefore results in the same
output. The additive randomization $r_i$ introduced in Step 3 is
removed in Step 6 leaving the results unchanged... |
1,314,259,992,927 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the recent paper \emph{The third homology of} $SL_{2}(\mathbb{Q})$ (\cite{ArticlehomologyQprint}), Hutchinson calculates the structure of $H_{3}(\mathrm{SL}_{2}(\mathbb{Q}),\mathbb{Z})$ by calculating the surjective homomorphism $H_{3}(\mathrm{SL}_{2}(\mathbb{Q}),\mathbb{Z})\rightarrow K_{3... |
1,314,259,992,928 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Hypotheses on the suppression of $\chi_c$ and $\chi_b$ production in
nucleus-nucleus collisions play a crucial role in the interpretation of the
J/$\psi$ and $\Upsilon(1S)$ measurements from SPS~\cite{bib:SPS},
RHIC~\cite{bib:RHIC} and LHC~\cite{bib:LHC} in terms of evidence of... |
1,314,259,992,929 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent This paper is devoted to the study of perturbations of the Crapper waves through gravity and concentrated vorticity. The problem that we analyze is the free-boundary stationary Euler equation with vorticity
\begin{subequations}\label{v-euler}
\begin{align}[left=\empheqlbrace\,]
&v\cdot... |
1,314,259,992,930 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We work over a field $k$ with algebraic closure $\bar{k}$. A rational curve is a smooth, projective, geometrically connected curve of genus $0$.
\subsection*{The field of moduli} Let $D\subset \PP^{1}_{\bar{k}}$ be an effective reduced divisor. If $k$ is perfect, consider the subgroup $H\subset... |
1,314,259,992,931 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An increasingly complex and diverse collection of ML models as well as hardware/software stacks are being proposed each day.
This has lead to a vibrant and diverse landscape of ML.
The amount of ML solutions are overwhelming. In ~\cite{dean2018new} the authors show that the number of ML \textit{... |
1,314,259,992,932 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Increasing the accuracy of the approximations to the exchange-correlation energy functional $E_{xc}[\rho]$ of Kohn-Sham (KS) density functional theory (DFT) is of crucial importance for research areas ranging from theoretical chemistry and biochemistry to solid-state and surface physics (for a r... |
1,314,259,992,933 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The detection of merging black hole (BH) binaries through gravitational
waves \citep[e.g.,][]{abbott_2016_aa, ligo18b} has opened an observational window on the most
massive stellar BHs in the Universe. Stellar evolution theory predicts
the existence of a gap in the BH... |
1,314,259,992,934 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the rapid development of modern communication and multimedia technologies, the dissemination and processing of digital multimedia products are becoming more and more popular, which inevitably gives rise to a variety of piracy and infringement issues. Watermarking techniques have received si... |
1,314,259,992,935 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The gravitational memory effect results in a net change
in the relative separation of distant particles. After a wave passes it is
determined by the difference between the initial and final
radiation strain measured by a gravitational wave detector.
The possibility of observable astrophysical co... |
1,314,259,992,936 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.9\linewidth]{img/main.png}
\end{center}
\caption{
Bigger backbone (from ResNet18 to ViT-B16) and bigger pre-train dataset (from ImageNet to YMC1000) improve the performance of ERM on VLCS, PACS, OfficeHome, TerraIncognita.
Even witho... |
1,314,259,992,937 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:int}
In this paper we are interested in the solution of the generalized equation
\begin{equation} \label{eq:ipi}
F(x) +T(x) \ni 0,
\end{equation}
where $F:{\Omega}\to H$ is a Fr\'echet differentiable function, $H$ is a Hilbert space, $\Omega\subseteq H$ an open set and $T:H \rightri... |
1,314,259,992,938 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Lagrangian cobordism is a natural relation between Legendrian submanifolds, and it is a crucial ingredient in the definition of the functorial properties of invariants of Legendrian submanifolds in the spirit of symplectic field theory as introduced by Eliashberg, Givental and Hofer in \cite{Eli... |
1,314,259,992,939 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In \cite{EF} Elvang and Figueras have presented a family of axisymmetric black hole solutions to vacuum 4+1-dimensional Einstein equations. Due to the specific topology of the event horizon: $\mathbb{R}\times\big( (S^1\times S^2) \cup S^3)\big)$ it has been named Black Saturn. It can be regarded... |
1,314,259,992,940 | arxiv | \section{\label{Intro}Introduction}
In quantum chromodynamics (QCD), parton distribution and fragmentation functions (PDFs and FFs) are used to describe the long distance bound state nature of hadrons. Historically PDFs and FFs have been taken to only be dependent on the longitudinal momentum fraction $x$ and $z$, res... |
1,314,259,992,941 | arxiv |
\section{\label{SI sec: Microscopic model of dipolar-octupolar pyrochlores} Microscopic model of dipolar-octupolar pyrochlores}
\subsection{Coordinate systems}
\subsubsection{Lattice coordinates}
As illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig: pyrochlore lattice}, the magnetically active ions in spin ice form a pyrochlore lattice... |
1,314,259,992,942 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The advancements in deep neural networks (DNNs) have reinforced the use of DNNs for biometric authentication as a security protocol~\cite{KAUR202030, HOMCHOUDHURY2019202, article2}. However, biometric information such as facial, iris, palm print, ear, and fingerprint data is becoming increasingly... |
1,314,259,992,943 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
During the last decade, non-classical states of light became a necessary tool in many physical experiments, most notably, very high precision measurements \cite{Nature_2011}, quantum computations, and quantum cryptography (see e.g., review papers \cite{Gisin_RMP_74_145_2002, Kok_RMP_79_135_2007,... |
1,314,259,992,944 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
The authors would like to thank Guillaume Desjardins, Csaba Szepesvari, Jost Tobias Springenberg, Steven Bohez, Philemon Brakel, Brendan Tracey, Jonas Degrave, Jonas Buchli, Leslie Fritz, Chloe Rosenberg, and many others at DeepMind for their support and feedback on this paper.
\section{Algor... |
1,314,259,992,945 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The solutions of the unconditional basic sequence problem \cite{go-ma}
and the distortion problem (\cite{G0}, \cite{od-schl}) have an intricate connection. They both
have profited on one side from the development of the Tsirelson-like constructions of conditional
norms and on the other from th... |
1,314,259,992,946 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec: Intro}
Inspired by both the fundamental interest and also potential applications to quantum computing, the search for Majorana fermions (MFs) has become one of the central topics in
condensed matter physics, see Refs. \onlinecite{Alicea12,LF12,ST13,Bee13} for reviews. One of the mo... |
1,314,259,992,947 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Permanent Magnets Synchronous Machines (PMSMs) are nowadays widely adopted in several fields, ranging from vehicle propulsion to industrial motion applications.
In many contexts, rotor position and speed information is required to achieve accurate regulation, yet the presence of mechanical senso... |
1,314,259,992,948 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Extraordinary amounts of data are being collected in the form of arrays across many scientific domains, including sociology, physics, and biology, among others. In particular, network data and network data analysis have received a lot of attention because of their wide-ranging a... |
1,314,259,992,949 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The generalizability, which enables an algorithm to handle unseen tasks, is fruitful yet challenging in multifarious decision-making domains.
Recent literature~\cite{xu2021bayesian, cranmer2006discovering, li2020ngs} reveals the critical role of reasoning in improving the generalization of rei... |
1,314,259,992,950 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{C}{haracteristic} mode analyses \cite{Garbacz_TCMdissertation,Harrington_1971a,Harrington_1971b} of arrays and metasurfaces typically follow one of two trends aimed at reducing what is, in principle, a problem of infinite spatial extent to one of finite size. The simplest of these... |
1,314,259,992,951 | arxiv | \section{Main definitions}
Let $T^2$ be a finite (but very deep) bi-tree. Bi-tree is the directed graph of all dyadic rectangles in the square $Q_0=[0,1]^2$. We assume that it terminates at small squares of size $2^{-N}\times 2^{-N}$, we call them generically by symbol $\omega$. The boundary $\partial(T^2)$ is thi... |
1,314,259,992,952 | arxiv | \section{Asymptotically self-similar singularities}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
We are concerned on the following Euler equations for the
homogeneous incompressible fluid flows in $\Bbb R^3$.
\[
\mathrm{ (E)}
\left\{ \aligned
&\frac{\partial v}{\partial t} +(v\cdot \nabla )v =-\nabla p ,
\quad (x,t)\in {\Bbb R^3}\... |
1,314,259,992,953 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{}
Heavy quarks (charm and beauty) are mostly produced in hard partonic scattering processes in the early stages of the collisions. Because of their large mass the production cross section can be calculated using perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (pQCD) down to $p_{\mathrm{T}}=0$. There... |
1,314,259,992,954 | arxiv | \section*{List of Supplementary Figures}
\vspace{-0.25cm}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Fig S1: The final expression levels $B$, $W$ and $R$ of the patterning genes, as well as,
the concentrations of the Notch ligand, $L$, and NICD, $N^b$, for each of
the coupling types..
\item Fig S2: Spatio-temporal evolution of the expre... |
1,314,259,992,955 | arxiv | \section{}
Measurements of exoplanet magnetic fields remain elusive, although detections
have now been confirmed in a small number of T-dwarfs
\citep{route12,route13,kao16}. While radio observations of auroral
emission continue to be pursued, the possibility of
indirectly measuring planetary magnetic fields via UV an... |
1,314,259,992,956 | arxiv | \section*{Glossary of Terms}
\begin{description}
\item[\emph{Granular materials}:] Granular materials are collections of discrete, macroscopic particles that interact with each other through contact (rather than long-range) forces. Importantly, these systems are non-equilibrium: the particles are large enough to av... |
1,314,259,992,957 | arxiv |
\section{Parameterized by Clique-width}\label{sec:cliquewidth}
In this section, we give an $\XP$-time algorithm for \cliquecol parameterized by clique-width,
more precisely, parameterized by the equivalent measure module-width.
We provide an algorithm that given an $n$-vertex graph $G$ with one of its rooted branch de... |
1,314,259,992,958 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
The term \emph{big data} as the name suggest refers to information assets characterized by high volume, fast access speed, and a large ontological variety. Dealing with big data requires specific technologies and analytical methods for its transformation into value. The ter... |
1,314,259,992,959 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
In the early 1980's, Herman \cite{herman:1983} and Grebogi et al.\
\cite{grebogi/ott/pelikan/yorke:1984} independently discovered the existence
of strange non-chaotic attractors (SNA's) in quasiperiodically forced (qpf)
systems. These objects combine a complicated geometry%
\footnote{This mean... |
1,314,259,992,960 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $G$ be a simple graph of order $n$ with vertex set $V$. We denote two adjacent vertices $v,w$ as $v\sim w$. A \textit{coprime labeling} of $G$ is a labeling of $V$ using distinct labels from the set $\{1,\ldots,m\}$ for some integer $m\geq n$ in which adjacent vertices are labeled by ... |
1,314,259,992,961 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Mobile biometrics is a growing research topic, with published literature ranging from continuous authentication using touch and keystroke data (e.g., \cite{185306, MENG20181}) to usability surveys on commercialized face and fingerprint systems (e.g. \cite{Bhagavatula15biometricauthentication, Jav... |
1,314,259,992,962 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
2-D complex Gabor filter has been widely used in numerous
applications of computer vision and image processing thanks to its
elegant properties of extracting locally-varying structures from an
image. In general, it is composed of the Gaussian kernel and complex
sinusoidal modulation term, which c... |
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