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1,314,259,992,963
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of most Galactic and extragalactic globular clusters (GCs) are composed of distinct photometric sequences that are detected among stars at different evolutionary stages and correspond to stellar populations with different content of helium an...
1,314,259,992,964
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nuclear rings, looking prominent features due to their intense star formation, are found mostly in barred galaxies so they are commonly treated as linked to inner Lindblad resonances where all radial gas inflows are slowed down and where gas is accumulated \citep{butcr93,shlosrings}. However the...
1,314,259,992,965
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, several types of superconducting qubits have been experimentally proposed.\cite{nakamura,qbit_mooij,vion,martinis} These systems consist on mesoscopic Josephson devices and they are promising candidates to be used for the design of qubits for quantum computation.\cite{nakamur...
1,314,259,992,966
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Suppose we have a time-series $(X_n)$ of real-valued random variables defined on a probability space $(X,\mu)$ and let $M_n:=\max \{X_1,\ldots, X_n\}$ be the sequence of successive maxima of $(X_i)$. There is a well-developed theory for these maximum values in the setting of $(X_n)$ i.i.d \cite...
1,314,259,992,967
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Person re-identification (re-ID) is a retrieval task of recognizing the same person across images from non-overlapped cameras, which has attracted increasing attention in computer vision community due to its wide application prospects in video surveillance and forensics field \cite{1}. Neverthel...
1,314,259,992,968
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{sec:intro}} The $k$-means algorithm \cite{lloyd82} is a technique for assigning each of a collection of observed data to exactly one of $k$ clusters, each of which has a unique center, in such a way that each observation is assigned to the cluster whose center is closest to that observatio...
1,314,259,992,969
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As demonstrated by a recent experiment,\citep{kiguchi2007} the atomic conductance of a Au nanocontact can be altered by admitting gaseous CO in proximity of the nanocontact, suggesting that CO chemically interacts with the Au atoms in the thinnest part of the contact (a monatomic chain or a sing...
1,314,259,992,970
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A speech signal can be considered as a variable-length temporal sequence~\cite{graves2012supervised}, and many features have been used to characterize its pattern. Short-term spectral features are used extensively because of the quasi-stationary property of the speech signal. After short-term pr...
1,314,259,992,971
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Throughout the last decade, real-life problems have been solved by deep learning-based algorithms. We have seen in recent years that deep learning has been extensively used in computer vision. Object Tracking is one of the very important tasks in computer vision. It comes just right after object ...
1,314,259,992,972
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The {\em order} of a point $x$ in a topological space is the number of connected components we obtain after removing $x$. A {\em ramification point} is a point which has order at least~3. An {\em endpoint} is a point of order 1. A {\em continuum} is a compact connected topological space. A {\em...
1,314,259,992,973
arxiv
\section{Background and Motivation} For radiation safety and material accountability, operators need to know the location and amount of hold up, i.e., nuclear material deposited in various systems of a fuel reprocessing facility. Gamma-ray spectroscopy is typically used to estimate holdup activity accurately and re...
1,314,259,992,974
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we examine vorticity gradient growth in 3D {\it axisymmetric flows without swirl}. Global well-posedness of the 3D Euler equations for this class of flows is shown in the work of Ukhovsksii and Yudovich \cite{Yudovich} (see \cite{majda2002vorticity, Raymond, Shirota} for related r...
1,314,259,992,975
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the context of condensed matter physics, the glass transition is a rather generic phenomenon through which the state of a system becomes partially frozen below a threshold temperature \cite{Berthier,Nagel,book-glasses}. One of the simplest models exhibiting a glass transition is the Random En...
1,314,259,992,976
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Inferring probability density functions (PDFs) from data is a fundamental problem in machine learning, statistics and signal processing\cite{Murphy2012}\cite{Wainwright2019} with applications in varied fields such as conditional inference, samples generation, image reconstruction and many more. T...
1,314,259,992,977
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The robust ground state degeneracy (GSD) that arises in topologically ordered systems\ \cite{wen89,wen90,wen91} has been an object of intense study over the past quarter-century. Interest in such states of matter has been motivated in large part by the desire to access quasiparticles with non-A...
1,314,259,992,978
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The subject of this paper is uniqueness and stability results for properly defined entropy solutions of mixed hyperbolic-parabolic quasilinear equations appended with a nonlocal (fractional) diffusion operator. These equations take the form \begin{equation}\label{eq1} \partia...
1,314,259,992,979
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Automatic control of complex, infinite-dimensional systems (\textit{i.e.}, dynamically evolving continua) such as soft robots as well as aircraft and underwater vehicles with coupled fluid-structure interactions remains challenging. Model reduction provides a principled approach to reduce mode...
1,314,259,992,980
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} In this paper, we focus on synthesizing diverse and natural human motions in the given scene environment guided by target action sequence. We decompose the diversity of scene-aware human motions into three levels, namely the diversity of action-conditioned human-scene interactions, the diversity ...
1,314,259,992,981
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Given a graph and two vertices $s$ and $t$ in it, the problem of determining whether there is a path from $s$ to $t$ in the graph is known as the graph reachability problem. Graph reachability problem is an important question in complexity theory. Particularly in the domain of space bounded co...
1,314,259,992,982
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With 21-cm cosmology \citep{furlanetto_cosmology_2006}, we can potentially probe the earliest phases of the Universe after the cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons decoupled from the dense plasma so that protons and electrons could recombine to form neutral hydrogen when it was energeticall...
1,314,259,992,983
arxiv
\subsection*{Acknowledgements} We thank V.~Mart{\' i}n-Lozano for collaboration in the early stages of this work, as well as F.~Campello and M.~Kado for helpful discussions. The work of S.~H.\ is supported in part by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigaci{\' o}n (AEI) and the EU Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regiona...
1,314,259,992,984
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Summary} {}Every time we can learn something new about cancer, the motivation goes without saying. Cancer is different. Unlike other diseases, it is not caused by ``mechanical" breakdowns, biochemical imbalances, etc. Instead, cancer occurs at the DNA level via somatic alterations in the geno...
1,314,259,992,985
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \hspace*{10mm} Theoretical investigations of nucleon-nucleon (NN) transition amplitudes in their off-shell domain have a long history in the study of few and many-nucleon systems. Often those investigations were inconclusive due to the lack of NN potentials which describe the NN observables ...
1,314,259,992,986
arxiv
\section{Supplementary material for \algothree} \label{app:rsd} \subsection{Description of the algorithm} \label{app:rsd_descript} This section provides a complete description of \algothree[.]Its pseudocode is given in Algorithm~\ref{alg:algo3}. It relies on auxiliary protocols described by Protocols~\ref{proto:init...
1,314,259,992,987
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Particle-particle collisions during small-number fewbody interactions are the cause for several ubiquitous astrophysical phenomena. These include, but are not limited to, blue straggler formation in globular and open star clusters due to stellar collisions \citep[e.g.][]{leonar...
1,314,259,992,988
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace{0.2cm} One of the most promising technologies to search for the \ensuremath{0\nu\beta\beta}~decay is an asymmetric high pressure xenon gas (HPGXe) time projection chamber (TPC) with electroluminescent (EL) amplification. The NEXT collaboration is building an EL HPGXe TPC capable of ho...
1,314,259,992,989
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION}\label{sect:introduction} The NASA {\it Kepler} Mission employs a space-based 0.95~m aperture Schmidt telescope to observe a single 115 square degree field of view and obtain nearly continuous light curve coverage for over 156,000 stars. The satellite was launched in March 2009 and began science ...
1,314,259,992,990
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Technology node scaling in recent decades ushered in gate delay cut-off and rise of interconnection latency \cite{Agarwal2006}. Hence, interconnects have become a major performance bottleneck of high performance \emph{System-on-Chips} (SoC) and \emph{Integrated Circuits} (IC) \cite{Pande2007}....
1,314,259,992,991
arxiv
\section*{Localised, Finite-time Computation of Network Steady States \label{decentye}} We will consider a generalised model of consensus dynamics whereby nodes can both store their own `value' or opinion at any point in time, and periodically learn their neighbours values in order to `update' their own opinion. Mat...
1,314,259,992,992
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The magnetic field of the Sun and other late-type stars is known to have, on average, opposite signs of magnetic helicity in the northern and southern hemispheres \citep{See90,PCM95}. There is also the possibility of the field being bihelical \citep{BB03} with a sign change of the magnetic helic...
1,314,259,992,993
arxiv
\section{Summary} \IEEEPARstart{T}{he} error floor in modern graph-based error control codes such as low-density parity-check codes is caused by inherent structural weaknesses in the code's interconnect network. The iterative message passing algorithm cannot overcome these weaknesses and gets trapped in error patterns ...
1,314,259,992,994
arxiv
...
1,314,259,992,995
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{introduction} The integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect \citep{1967ApJ...147...73S} probes the time variation of gravitational potential, through the induced CMB temperature fluctuation \begin{equation} \label{dT2} \Delta T(\widehat{n})=\frac{2}{c^3}T_0\int\dot{\Phi}(r,\widehat{n})\,a\,dr \ ...
1,314,259,992,996
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \figureone \figuretwo \figurethree \figurefour The interaction between optical beams and dielectric blocks has always been the subject of great interest, leading, in the past, to formulate the well-known laws of geometric optics\cite{born,sharma,saleh}. In the last century, new phenomena ...
1,314,259,992,997
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} We would like to acknowledge Thomas Feldker for inspiring this work. We gratefully thank Henning F{\"u}rst, Micha\l\ Tomza and Jook Walraven for fruitful discussions. This work was supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (Vidi Grant 680-47-538 and Start-up grant 740...
1,314,259,992,998
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Transition metal cobaltites are a family of compounds in which the Hund's rule and the crystal field splitting compete fiercely~\cite{Khomskii14}. The process of maximizing the total electronic spin, which is favorable for lowering the exchange energy, gets heavily penalized because of loading e...
1,314,259,992,999
arxiv
\section{introduction} In the last decades, considerable efforts have been devoted to the study of the complex behavior of quarks and gluons under the extreme conditions which are reached in heavy-ion collisions. In principle, the dynamical and thermal properties of a quark-gluon plasma should descend from the relativ...
1,314,259,993,000
arxiv
\section{Introduction} General relativity (GR) is an essential component in the realistic modeling of core collapse supernovae because of the very strong gravitational fields in the vicinity of the collapsed core of a star. Hydrodynamics and neutrino transport are closely connected in this problem, and as we will sho...
1,314,259,993,001
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec0} A large number of modern astrophysical observations suggest the existence of scalar fields in our Universe as possible candidates for dark matter. Pulsons are localized configurations of the fields having oscillating energy density. Numerical simulations of Seidel and Suen \cit...
1,314,259,993,002
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, the rapid improvement of high-contrast imaging instrumentation and techniques have led to the discovery of a number of wide sub-stellar companions to nearby young stars, down to planetary mass \citep[e.g.][]{2005A&A...438L..29C, 2006ApJ...649..894L,2008Sci...322.1348M, 2010Natu...
1,314,259,993,003
arxiv
\section{Natural models} The following concept is due to Grothendieck \cite{AGV}. \begin{definition}\label{def:rep} Let \ensuremath{\mathbb{C}}\ be a small category. A natural transformation $$f : Y \to X$$ of presheaves on \ensuremath{\mathbb{C}}\ is called \emph{representable} if all of its fibers are representable...
1,314,259,993,004
arxiv
\section{Conclusions and Future Work}\label{sec:conclusion} Our work follows Denning's proposal of lattices as the mathematical basis for analysis about secure information flows. We segue to order-preserving morphisms between lattices as a natural framework for a scalable and modular analysis for secure inter-domai...
1,314,259,993,005
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{introsec}\eqnoset In this paper, we study the global existence of following strongly coupled parabolic system of $m$ equations ($m\ge2$) for the unknown vector $u=[u_i]_{i=1}^m$ \beqno{ep1}(u_i)_t=\Delta(u_ip_i(u))+u_ig_i(u),\quad (x,t)\in \Og\times(0,\infty).\end{equation} Here, $p_i,...
1,314,259,993,006
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With increasing interest in interactive speech systems such as voice assistants, there is an increased demand for human-like text-to-speech (TTS) systems. While recent technology advancements in speech synthesis have achieved human-like audio quality \cite{wavenet, alignT, attentionA, tacotron2...
1,314,259,993,007
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we continue the work that was started in \cite{FKL}. Our focus is on easy special cases of otherwise difficult to evaluate polynomials, and their relation to various classes of arithmetic circuits. It is conjectured that the permanent and hamiltonian polynomials are hard to evaluate...
1,314,259,993,008
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Polar codes are the first provably capacity-achieving channel codes with an explicit construction, low-complexity encoding and decoding algorithms, and easily adaptable coding rate~\cite{arikan2009}. Although the capacity of binary symmetric memoryless channels can be achieved...
1,314,259,993,009
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} Networks naturally arise in the vast majority of scientific domains from physics to biology in order to model interactions among diverse entities with numerous instances such as collaboration, protein-protein, and brain connectivity networks \cite{newman}. Hence, graph ana...
1,314,259,993,010
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Given a graph $G=(V,E)$ with two distinguished vertices $s,t\in V$ and an integer $L$, an {\em $L$-bounded flow} is a flow between $s$ and $t$ that can be decomposed into paths of length at most $L$. In the {\em maximum $L$-bounded flow problem} the task is to find a maximum $L$-bounded flow bet...
1,314,259,993,011
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Graph neural networks (GNNs) have obtained promising performance in various applications to graph data~\cite{ying2018graph,qiu2018deepinf,chen2019semi}. Recent studies have shown that GNNs, like other types of deep learning models, are also vulnerable to adversarial attacks~\cite{dai2018adversari...
1,314,259,993,012
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} Cancer subtype prediction has evidently been of great importance for guiding the treatment of patients suffering from any type of cancer. For several years, researchers and biologists have been studying how subtype identification can be used to plan treatments and diagnos...
1,314,259,993,013
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Silvio Ghilardi \citep{Ghil99,Ghil2000modal} studies unification in propositional logics. More precisely, he describes all solutions for $ A(x_1,\ldots,x_n)\leftrightarrow \top$ within a background logic like intuitionistic logic ${\sf IPC}$ or a modal logic containing ${\sf K4}$. By a solution...
1,314,259,993,014
arxiv
\section{Introduction.}} \par The Schwarz-Sen electromagnetic dual model \cite{Sen} is a four-dimensional member of a more general family of theories which are manifestly invariant under duality transformations \cite{Hen1}. Its two-dimensional version is known as Tseytlin model \cite{Tsey}, introduced at first i...
1,314,259,993,015
arxiv
\section{Introduction} At one time, radio sources offered the only readily available means of locating galaxies at large redshifts ($z > 1$), and were thus studied as a window on the early history of galaxy evolution. Radio galaxies obey a tight near--infrared Hubble ($K$--$z$) relation and are frequently associated ...
1,314,259,993,016
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} A very important step toward unveiling the origin of the sources of UHECR is to identify the range of energies where cosmic rays become mainly of extragalactic origin. For such extragalactic cosmic rays, in the hypothesis of a proton dominated spectrum, the propagation in the...
1,314,259,993,017
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Elliptic curves and their geometric and algebraic structure have been a flourishing field of research in the past. They find prominent applications in cryptography and played a key role in the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem. A salient feature of the algebraic structure of an elliptic curve is its...
1,314,259,993,018
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \input{introduction} \section{Pre-existing components} \input{preexisting} \section{Results} \input{results} \section{Conclusion} \input{conclusion} \subsubsection*{Acknowledgments} \input{acks} \small \input{nestrl_manuscript_arxiv.bbl} \subsection{Extending the R...
1,314,259,993,019
arxiv
\section{Introduction} String theory and theories with supersymmetry usually contain many scalar fields which can play an important role in the early Universe. For example, in string theory they often describe the dynamics of extra spatial dimensions and other degrees of freedom living in higher dimensions. These sc...
1,314,259,993,020
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider the Klein--Gordon--Schr\"odinger system \begin{equation} \begin{aligned} \label{KGS} &c^{-2}\partial_{tt}z(t,x) - \Delta z(t,x) + c^2z(t,x) = \vert \psi(t,x) \vert^2, \\ &i \partial_t \psi(t,x) + \frac12\Delta\psi(t,x) + \psi(t,x) z(t,x) = 0, \end{aligned} \end{equation} g...
1,314,259,993,021
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The ability of chirped (or graded) arrays to create slow light or sound waves, confine them, and filter them spatially according to frequency is attractive for wave control. This is often connected with rainbow trapping of light \cite{hess2007} or sound \cite{acou_rain,jimenez17...
1,314,259,993,022
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The analysis of traffic flow and road user behavior become increasingly important for both, infrastructure design and driving applications. Especially, to ensure a high standard of traffic safety with increasing automation, verification and validation have taken a central role in the development...
1,314,259,993,023
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The symmetric tensor space $\mathrm{Sym}^dV$, with $V=\R^2$ (resp. $V=\C^2$), contains real (resp. complex) binary forms, which are homogeneous polynomials in two variables. The forms which can be written as $v^d$, with $v\in V$, correspond to polynomials which are the $d$-power of a linear for...
1,314,259,993,024
arxiv
\section{The characterization of a Kropina metric.}\label{} \hspace{0.2in} Let $(M, \alpha)$ be an $n(\ge 2)$-dimensional differential manifold endowed with a Riemannian metric $\alpha$. A Kropina space $(M, \alpha^2/\beta)$ is a Finsler space whose fundamental function is given by $F=\alpha^2/\beta$, where $\alpha=...
1,314,259,993,025
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} The study of the decays of $B$ mesons is important and interesting for the determination of the flavor parameters of the Standard Model (SM), the exploration of $CP$ violation, the search of new physics beyond SM, etc. In recent years, theoretical studies of $B_{u,d}$ mes...
1,314,259,993,026
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Being able to automatically generate a description from an image is a fundamental problem in artificial intelligence, connecting computer vision and natural language processing. The problem is particularly challenging because it requires to correctly recognize different objects in i...
1,314,259,993,027
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Next-to-leading (NLO) order event generators interfaced to Parton Showers (\NLOPS{} from now on) have, in the past decades, become the state of the art for the simulation of hard collider processes. The \MCatNLO{} algorithm was the first one to be proposed~\cite{Frixione:2002ik}. Soon after, the ...
1,314,259,993,028
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent The global crisis of 2008 had the most devastating consequences in the world economy \cite{imf}. One of the main causes for the beginning and aggravation of the crisis was the strengthening of international economic interdependence. Primarily, the crisis hit the financial system ...
1,314,259,993,029
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Throughout this paper $G$ is an $n$-vertex, simple graph with vertex set $V(G)$ and edge set $E(G)$. A \textit{matching} $M$ in a graph $G$ is a collection of edges of $G$ such that no two edges from $M$ share a vertex. The cardinality of $M$ is called ...
1,314,259,993,030
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is a population-based metaheuristic inspired by the social behavior of ants~\cite{Dorigo2004}. It has been successfully applied in solving many NP-hard problems, including the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), the Quadratic Assignment Proble...
1,314,259,993,031
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Throughout the paper $X$ will be an algebraic variety of dimension $\ge 2$ over an algebraically closed field ${\Bbbk}$ of characteristic 0. The {\em special automorphism group} $\mathop{\rm SAut}(X)$ of such a variety $X$ is the subgroup of the full automorphism group $ \operatorname{{\rm Aut}...
1,314,259,993,032
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The transmission of human respiratory diseases such as influenza, tuberculosis, and COVID-19 is directly driven by the rate of close social contact between individuals. Social contact studies such as the pivotal POLYMOD study~\cite{mossong_social_2008} have been widely acknowledged as an effecti...
1,314,259,993,033
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The suggestion was made in work of Crane and Frenkel \cite{cf} \cite{c} that the inverse relation to the Grothendieck rig (fusion rig) construction should shed light on the relation between topological quantum field theories (TQFT's) in various dimensions, and, as well, should provide construct...
1,314,259,993,034
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most prevalent degenerative conditions, is a degenerative dementia that begins with minor memory loss and gradually escalates to a complete loss of mental and physical capacities. For the patient's health, a diagnosis should be made as soon as possible so that...
1,314,259,993,035
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Consider Polish spaces $\ALP A$, $\ALP B$ and $\ALP C$, with generic elements in the spaces denoted by $a$, $b$ and $c$, respectively. Let $\wp(\cdot)$ denote the space of probability measures over the space $(\cdot)$. If $\mu\in\wp(\ALP A\times\ALP B)$, then $\mu(\cdot|a)$ den...
1,314,259,993,036
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Planet formation: bottom-up or top-down?} Core Accretion (CA) theory \citep{PollackEtal96,AlibertEtal05} posits that planet formation starts when some of the dust grains in the protoplanetary disc grow and sediment to the disc midplane. This step is then followed by a less well und...
1,314,259,993,037
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{} The Vorono\"i summation formula is an equality between a weighted sum of Fourier coefficients of an automorphic form twisted by an additive character, and a dual weighted sum of Fourier coefficients of the dual form twisted by a Kloosterman sum. The Vorono\"i formula for $\GL_2$ i...
1,314,259,993,038
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In real-world point cloud generation applications, the controllability to generated shape is a fundamental requirement. Structures are the ideal intermidiate representation to control the generation as they are the brief abstraction of 3D objects and have advantages of concisene...
1,314,259,993,039
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s:intro} The formation and evolution of the Milky Way is one of the outstanding questions facing astrophysics today. The study of stars and stellar populations is a pillar of Galactic Archaeology \citep{2002ARA&A..40..487F}, as they contain the chemical imprint of the gas from which they...
1,314,259,993,040
arxiv
\section{Introduction and preliminaries}{} Associated with every continued fraction expansion is its Space of Jager Pairs, used in assessing the approximation quality for its convergents \cite{JK}. In this paper, we will examine the one parameter family of continued fractions \[ [a_1,a_2,...]_k := \frac{k}{k+a_1+\fr...
1,314,259,993,041
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Interfaces of water are the most important subjects not only because water is widely involved in physical, chemical, environmental as well as biological processes, but also because water is so far the most mysteries molecule in the universe.\cite{FranksBook,science-Luecke,TobiasPRL2002,RicePNAS1...
1,314,259,993,042
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An irrational number is a real number that cannot be expressed as a fraction with the numerator as integers and denominator as nonzero integers. One of the most famous irrational number is $\sqrt{2}$, sometimes called Pythagoras's constant. Proof of the irrationality of $\sqrt{2}$ can be obtained...
1,314,259,993,043
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Real-time and high-accuracy positioning is a crucial component for a large variety of applications, such as autonomous driving, logistics tracking, search-and-rescue, emergency response, Internet-of-Things (IoT), UAV sensing, and emerging integrated sensing and communication (ISAC)\cite{8025...
1,314,259,993,044
arxiv
\section*{\refname \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\refname}{\MakeUppercase\refname}}% \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}% {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}% \leftmargin\labelwidth \advance\leftmargin\labelsep \itemsep\bibspace \parsep\z@skip % ...
1,314,259,993,045
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Inspired by Lawvere's pioneering work \cite{Lawvere1973} which presents metric spaces as enriched categories, during the past decades category theory has been playing an important role in the study of metric spaces and their generalizations. Lawvere's construction, in modern terms, is based on...
1,314,259,993,046
arxiv
\section{Introduction and notations} For a number field $k$, the classical wild kernel $W\!K_{2}(k)$ is the kernel of all local power norm residue symbols. It fits in the Moore exact sequence \begin{equation}\label{sequence0} 0\to W\!K_{2}(k)\to K_2(k)\to \underset{v}{\oplus} \mu(k_v)\to \mu(k)\to 0, \end{equation} wh...
1,314,259,993,047
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cosmic strings \cite{original} are one-dimensional topological defects which arise during phase transitions in the very early universe. Since they carry energy, they will lead to density fluctuations and cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies (see e.g. \cite{CSreviews} for reviews on c...
1,314,259,993,048
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} This paper involves an algebraically defined $\mathfrak{S}_n$-module, and is concerned with modelling the $\mathfrak{S}_n$ action on this module via combinatorially defined objects. In particular, we will give a basis indexed by a certain type of noncrossing set partition f...
1,314,259,993,049
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Exploiting additional structure has always been central to the success of compressed sensing, ever since it was introduced by Cand\`es, Romberg \& Tao \cite{CandesRombergTao} and Donoho \cite{donohoCS}. Sparsity and incoherence has allowed us to recover signals and images from uniformly subsamp...
1,314,259,993,050
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \goodbreak \label{sec-intro} \subsection{Background and motivation} \label{subs-back} We consider a many-server queueing system in which customers with independent, identically\vadjust{\goodbreak} distributed (henceforth, i.i.d.) service requirements chosen from a general distribution ...
1,314,259,993,051
arxiv
\section{Problem statement} Consider a common resource (e.g. an actuator, a camera, etc), where only one out of $N$ processes may be simultaneously using this resource. This requirement implies that these $N$ processes coordinate their access and that access is only granted to one and only one process at any given tim...
1,314,259,993,052
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cold, thick snow and atmospheric icing are three well known winter phenomenon in Nordic countries. Such climate puts a strain on infrastructure, companies and people, which affects the normal operations of the whole society. It is therefore central to gather knowledge and methods to counter prob...
1,314,259,993,053
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A pulsar is a rapidly spinning magnetized compact star. The highly collimated beam of radiation of the star is rotated into and out of the line of sight of a distant observer as the star itself rotates around a fixed axis, manifesting a periodic sequence of pulsations. Hence, pulsars are thou...
1,314,259,993,054
arxiv
\section{Conclusions and Future Work} We formulated a novel method to decompose registration based trackers into sub modules and tested several different combinations of methods for each sub module to gain interesting insights into the strengths and weaknesses of these methods. We also obtained some rather surprising ...
1,314,259,993,055
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep neural networks (DNN) produce excellent image classification results and are the current state-of-the-art, but have been shown to be vulnerable to attacks by adversarial examples: Images altered by the introduction of small perturbations that cause the neural network to misclassify the image...
1,314,259,993,056
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Noncommutative distributions are at the heart of noncommutative probability theory and of free probability theory in particular. These, in general, purely combinatorial objects allow some very elegant translation of various questions arising for instance in operator algebra or random matrix theo...
1,314,259,993,057
arxiv
\section{} Whether a supersolid state, where both of solidity and superfluidity coexists, realizes in matters or not. The possibility of the supersolid in ${\rm ^4He}$ have been discussed theoretically\cite{Andreev,Chester,Leggett,Matsuda,Liu}. Recently, characteristic behaviors of superfluidity have been reported in ...
1,314,259,993,058
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Whole genome sequences are readily available and affordable like never before \cite{NGS} due to the advent of high-throughput Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) which has provided researchers with vast amounts of genomic sequencing data that has transformed the landscape of understanding of genome...
1,314,259,993,059
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The recent direct imaging of the companion to the brown dwarf 2M1207A, and the estimates of its mass (2--5 Jupiter masses) open a new era in extrasolar planet research (Schneider et~al.\ 2005; Chauvin et~al.\ 2005). At the same time, \emph{Spitzer} observations are now revealing detailed propert...
1,314,259,993,060
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Multi-user networks with relays, sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) in the 5G and beyond networks will generate enormous amount of data and consume large amount of energy for a wide range of services in different domain, e.g., \cite{Andrews2014jsac,Atapattu2019twc} and references therein. One...
1,314,259,993,061
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the last few years, information theory has seen vibrant developments in the study of the non-vanishing error probability regime, and in particular, the successes in applying normal approximations to gauge the back-off from the asymptotic limits as a function of delay. Extending the achievement...
1,314,259,993,062
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The associative dialgebras (also known as diassociative algebras) has been introduced by Loday in 1990 (see [6] and references therein) as a generalization of associative algebras. They are a generalization of associative algebras in the sens that they possess two associative multiplications an...