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1,314,259,993,163
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1958 Dirac published his famous Hamiltonian formulation of the metric General Relativity (or metric gravity, for short) \cite{Dir58}. Since then and for a very long time that Dirac's formulation was known as the only correct Hamiltonian approach ever developed for the metric gravity. In...
1,314,259,993,164
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deploying multiple-antenna nodes in communication networks offers several significant benefits including a multiplicative increase in transmission rates~\cite{MIMO}. This makes multiple-antenna nodes an integral part of data communication networks. Broadcast channels~\cite{BC}, as a building blo...
1,314,259,993,165
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Many online platforms present algorithmic suggestions to help users explore the enormous content space. The recommender systems, which produce such suggestions, are central to modern online platforms. They have been employed in many applications, such as finding new f...
1,314,259,993,166
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Density functional theory (DFT)\cite{dft1,dft2} is by far the most widely used method in solid state physics, owing to its immense success in predicting solid state properties such as crystal structures, ionization energies, electrical, magnetic and vibrational properties. However, treating elec...
1,314,259,993,167
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The development of theoretical approaches to treat light-matter interactions is nowadays a very active and productive field in various domains, from chemical physics to condensed-matter physics, from biophysics to material sciences. The most innovative studies are perhaps phenomena exhibiting str...
1,314,259,993,168
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We introduce the super Patalan numbers as a gneralization of the super Catalan numbers. The super Catalan numbers \cite[A068555]{OEIS} were studied by Gessel in his paper on the super ballot numbers \cite{GESSEL}. (The term super Catalan numbers is also used to refer to a different sequence, we ...
1,314,259,993,169
arxiv
\section*{Motivation} The first few contacts of a beginner with semiconductor slang can be shocking. One hears or reads that there are electrons but also holes. The beginner can figure out the hole as the vacancy of an electron, and keeps reading and/or listening. But then it appears the effective mass. It turns out th...
1,314,259,993,170
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There are various studies of compact astrophysical objects in the interior of which the energy density $\rho$ and the pressure $p$ obey an equation of state typical of dark energy such as $p=-\rho$. Such objects have been variously named in the literature. We refer to them as ``dark energy star...
1,314,259,993,171
arxiv
\section{Introduction} While the logistics market is typically determined by strongly competing players, there also exist initiatives to encourage collaboration for, e.g., more cost-efficient and sustainable resource usage\footnote{https://eshipco.com/en/}\footnote{https://www.transporeon.com/en/reports/horizontal-coll...
1,314,259,993,172
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:motivation} \begin{figure}[!t] \begin{subfigure}{\columnwidth} \centering \includegraphics{Idea1.pdf} \caption{} \vspace{8pt} \end{subfigure} \begin{subfigure}{\columnwidth} \centering \includegraphics{Idea2.pdf} \caption{} \end{subfigure} \caption{The comparison of two approaches to ...
1,314,259,993,173
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} In \cite{DQnonneg}, the existence of quantisations for $0$-shifted symplectic structures on derived Artin $N$-stacks $Y$ was established, which in the Deligne--Mumford setting take the form of curved $A_{\infty}$ deformations of the \'etale structure sheaf $\sO_{Y}$. For general derived Artin ...
1,314,259,993,174
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent years have seen huge progress in performance in brain MRI segmentation, classification and synthesis largely thanks to the application of convolutional neural networks to these problems. The organisation of challenges such as BRATS \cite{menze2014multimodal} and the MICCAI 2017 White Matte...
1,314,259,993,175
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $(X,d)$ be a nondegenerate $($i.e, with at least two points$)$ compact metric space, and $f:X \rightarrow X$ be a continuous map. Such $(X,f)$ is called a dynamical system. For a dynamical system $(X,f)$, let $M(X)$, $M(f,X)$, $M_{erg}(f,X)$ denote the space of probability measures, $...
1,314,259,993,176
arxiv
\section{#1}\vspace{\sectionReduceBot}} \newcommand{\csubsection}[1]{\vspace{\subsectionReduceTop}\subsection{#1}\vspace{\subsectionReduceBot}} \newcommand{\csubsubsection}[1]{\vspace{\subsubsectionReduceTop}\subsubsection{#1}\vspace{\subsubsectionReduceBot}} \newcommand{\cabstract}[1]{\vspace{\abstractReduceTop}\beg...
1,314,259,993,177
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} Cilia and flagella are micron-sized filamentous organelles found in eukaryotic cells that play a crucial role in biologically important processes such as locomotion, mucus clearance, embryogenesis and cell motility \cite{Ainsworth,sleigh}. While the biophysical and biochemical mec...
1,314,259,993,178
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Ultra-intense laser interactions with dense targets represent an interesting regime, both from a fundamental and an applied perspective, that has not yet been exhaustively explored. One less explored phenomenon in this regime is the formation of electron and ion density peaks d...
1,314,259,993,179
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Two particle non-relativistic bound states in QCD (QED) have, at least, three well separated scales: the mass $m$ (hard scale), the typical relative momentum $|\vec p|$ (soft scale) and the typical bound state energy $E$ (ultrasoft scale). This allows to introduce a hierarchy of effective fie...
1,314,259,993,180
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The extremely small $K_{L}$-$K_{S}$ mass difference has been measured accurately decades ago. The origin of this difference is the $K^0$-$\overline{K}^{0}$ mixing via second order weak interactions. Conventionally, the mass difference is separated into short-distance part and long-distance part. ...
1,314,259,993,181
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Almost all conventional optical step-index waveguides are unsuitable for confining and supporting the low-loss propagation of acoustic waves. This is because the high refractive index materials making up the core of optical waveguides tend to support acoustic waves propagating at larger velocitie...
1,314,259,993,182
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} First the absence of non-metrical nomenclature in our title is somewhat misleading and intended not to discourage potential readers cultivating a broader perspective. Some modest working experience seems to indicate that non-metric manifolds are not studied in autarchy from the...
1,314,259,993,183
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} \hspace{8pt}Seismic interpretation requires detailed understanding of seismic acquisition, processing, and data models to infer geological meaning. The process of seismic data preprocessing and migration involves geometric transformation and analysis to produce an accurate ...
1,314,259,993,184
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The idea of a `condensed vacuum' is generally accepted in modern elementary particle physics. Indeed, in many different contexts one introduces a set of elementary quanta whose perturbative empty vacuum state $|o\rangle$ is not the true ground state of the theory. For instance, in the physically...
1,314,259,993,185
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A variety of strategies have been explored and proposed to directly detect dark matter (DM) via the interactions that it may have with the Standard Model (SM) particles. One possibility is to design detectors that look for excitations of a material as the DM scatters off or is absorbed in it. Th...
1,314,259,993,186
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Calabi-Yau compactifications of type II string theory (in)famously exhibit a moduli space of vacua. A vast amount of work has been invested towards devising mechanisms of inducing a potential on this space, with the aim of obtaining phenomenologically more realistic string theor...
1,314,259,993,187
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As a classic topic, change-point detection regains much attention recently in the context of uncovering structural change in big data. In particular, a normal mean change-point model and its variants have been applied to analyze high-throughput data for DNA copy number variation (CNV) detect...
1,314,259,993,188
arxiv
\section{Introduction} That self-gravitating systems initially in highly spherically symmetric configurations can relax to virial equilibria which break this symmetry strongly has been known for several decades \citep{Polyachenko_Shukhman_1981, merritt+aguilar_1985} and documented since then by many numerical studies ...
1,314,259,993,189
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Proteins employ sophisticated binding mechanisms during their interplay with other physiological partners to fulfill crucial biological processes. Starting from the recognition of small rigid molecules by proteins all the way to complex rearrangements of protein-protein interactions, many diffe...
1,314,259,993,190
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Spintronics explores the spin properties of electrons independently of the charge transport \cite{Wolf,Awschalom,Zutic}. The main physical object that describes the transport of spin is the so called spin current. The understanding of its behavior are of major relevance for the development of ne...
1,314,259,993,191
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is generally assumed that our Universe contains an approximately equal amount of leptons and antileptons. The lepton asymmetry would be of the same order as the baryon asymmetry, which is very small as required by Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) considerations. The existence of a large lepton...
1,314,259,993,192
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The understanding of anomalous transport is one of the most important theoretical issues in the quest for controlled thermonuclear fusion \cite{horton2015}. In particular, we are concerned with the chaotic transport of charged particles advected by a turbulent electric field in a magnetized plas...
1,314,259,993,193
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Photonic architectures have emerged as a viable candidate for the development of quantum information processing protocols. Photons are immune from environmental disturbances, readily manipulated with classical tools, and subject to high efficiency detection \cite{obrien2009photonic}. For these r...
1,314,259,993,194
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Change point analysis has a long and rich tradition, dating back to the work of \cite{Page1954} and \cite{Hinkley1970}. During the last decade change point methods have attracted considerable interest, leading to substantial development of both methodology and diverse areas of ...
1,314,259,993,195
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, we have developed \cite{lv05a,lv05b} a new formalism for nonlinear relativistic perturbations, based on a covariant approach \cite{Hawking:1966qi,ellis} and inspired by the work of Ellis and Bruni \cite{Ellis:1989jt}. A key quantity in our formalism is the covector $\zeta_a$, a lin...
1,314,259,993,196
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In his seminal paper \cite{Hawking1}, Steven Hawking showed that black holes radiate thermally due to the quantum effects and this radiation is known as Hawking radiation. Thus, for the first time, it has been established a relation between thermodynamics and space-time geometry. Furthermore, th...
1,314,259,993,197
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Job scheduling is a fundamental task in optimization, with applications ranging from resource management in computing~\cite{salot2013survey,sharma2010survey} to operating transportation systems~\cite{kolen2007interval}. Given a collection of \emph{machines} and a set of \emph{jobs} (or tasks) to...
1,314,259,993,198
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The discovery of more than 760 exoplanets to date \citep{b18} has revolutionized our understanding of the architecture of planetary systems. One of the surprising key observations is the large eccentricity of exoplanet orbits. Compared to Jupiter's eccentricity of 0.05 and to the Earth's 0.017, t...
1,314,259,993,199
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Bayesian approach has been widely applied to inverse models and parameter inference models \cite{dashti,kaipio,stuart,stuart1,tarantola,marzouk1,marzouk2,yan1,yan2,yan3,yang}. It provides a handy framework for the data analysis in the real engineering problems \cite{beck,hadidi,yuen} based on Bay...
1,314,259,993,200
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently the analog model is very popular for studying the condensed matter physics (see \cite{Rev} for a review). Since direct experimental probes of many important aspects of general relativity (GR) are extremely difficult, the possibility of using condensed matter system, such as Bose-Einstei...
1,314,259,993,201
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In this paper, we consider the numerical solution of parabolic-elliptic interface problems via the non-symmetric coupling method of MacCamy and Suri~\cite{MacCamy:1987}, which consists of a Galerkin approximation in space and a subsequent discretization in time by a variant o...
1,314,259,993,202
arxiv
\section{Introduction \section{Introduction} A long standing goal in the study of non-equilibrium is to generalize and implement the vast knowledge accumulated in the study of thermodynamic phase transitions \citep{Zinn-Justin_book,Yeomans,Sachdev}. In equilibrium, the relevant thermodynamic potential, e.g. the free ...
1,314,259,993,203
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we construct the first examples of finitely generated, residually finite groups $G$ whose outer automorphism groups are finitely generated and not recursively presentable. Indeed, we construct a continuum, so $2^{\aleph_0}$, of such groups $G$ with pairwise non-isomorphic outer auto...
1,314,259,993,204
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA), an enlargement of the abdominal aorta with 50\% diameter over normal state, occurs increasingly often among old people \cite{sakalihasan2005abdominal}. The rupture of AAA brings in 85\%-90\% fatality rate \cite{kent2014abdominal}. Fenestrated Endovascular Aortic R...
1,314,259,993,205
arxiv
\section{The model}\label{The model} Recent chemodynamical galactic evolution models, like e.g., \cite{Minchev14}, \cite{vandeVoort15}, and \cite{Shen15}, can model in a self-consistent way massive mergers of galactic subsystems (causing effects like infall in simpler models), energy feedback from stellar explosions (c...
1,314,259,993,206
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In \cite{pEqualsTref}, Malliaris and Shelah introduce the notion of cofinality spectrum problems; these are essentially models of a weak fragment of arithmetic. To each cofinality spectrum problem $\mathbf{s}$ they associate cardinals $\mathfrak{p}_{\mathbf{s}}$ and $\mathfrak{t}_{\mathbf{s}}$, w...
1,314,259,993,207
arxiv
\section{} Particulate dispersions have long been subjected to external fields as a means to separate different constituents; in particular, sedimentation is important not only for analytical but also for preparative purposes \cite{manoharan2003}. For bulk systems, successful separation depends crucially upon ...
1,314,259,993,208
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $L$ be an even lattice of signature $(l, 2)$. The Borcherds lift \cite{Borcherds} is a multiplicative lifting that takes vector-valued modular forms on $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$ with poles at cusps for a finite Weil representation attached to $L$ as input and yields automorphic forms for t...
1,314,259,993,209
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sect:introduction} The concept of universal behavior in physical systems is very fruitful and has been successfully spread to other quantitative sciences. At the theoretical level quantum and statistical field theories are important tools to study the approach to criticality of physical sy...
1,314,259,993,210
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In this paper we study the recently conjectured 5d gauge theory descriptions of 6d SCFTs compactified on a circle \cite{Hayashi:2015zka}. The 6d $\mathcal{N}=(1,0)$ SCFTs have a tensor multiplet and $Sp(N)$ gauge symmetry with $N_f=2N+8$ fundamental hypermulitplets, and these c...
1,314,259,993,211
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Antiferromagnetic materials (AFM) are promising candidates for fast, robust and energy-efficient spintronic devices \cite{Baltz2018}. AFMs possess two or more magnetic sublattices, with vanishing net magnetization. This absence of magnetic stray fields enables higher bit packing density of AFMs d...
1,314,259,993,212
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A complex projective structure on a compact Riemann surface $X$ of negative Euler characteristic is a maximal atlas of holomorphic charts with values in $\mathbb{CP}^{1}$ whose transition functions are given by restrictions of M\"{o}bius transformations. Varying the Riemann surface structure on...
1,314,259,993,213
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics is at the stem of important physical phenomena, many of them at the border with other sciences such as biology, chemistry, geology and even social sciences. Differently from equilibrium statistical mechanics, there is no closed theoretical framework to deal w...
1,314,259,993,214
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} Dirac and Weyl semimetals are condensed matter materials whose low-energy excitations are described by the Dirac and Weyl equations, respectively. Generically, the corresponding materials have a band structure where the valence and conduction bands touch at isolated poi...
1,314,259,993,215
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Intro} Astrophysical research is an intent driver for advances in computer science, especially so for high performance computing and data intensive calculations. We are used to the continuous increase of processor power which increases the potential of computer based analysis. Even fast...
1,314,259,993,216
arxiv
\section*{References}
1,314,259,993,217
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Black hole X-ray binaries (BHXB s) that accrete at low Eddington ratios ($\lesssim 0.01 L_{\rm Edd}} % L_{Edd$, where $L_{\rm Edd}} % L_{Edd$ is the Eddington luminosity) are associated with compact radio emission from partially self-absorbed synchrotron jets \citep{bla...
1,314,259,993,218
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The behaviour of a magnetic impurities in metals is one of the best studied problem in condensed matter theory \cite{Hew93}. In most cases it is a very good approximation to replace the conduction density of states by a constant as small variations of the density of states do not lead to a qual...
1,314,259,993,219
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A nonempty finite set $C \subset \mathbb{S}^{n-1}$ is called a {\em spherical code}. The geometry of spherical codes is related to the properties of the Gegenbauer polynomials \cite{Sze}; we consider their normalized version $\{P_i^{(n)}(t)\}_{i=0}^\infty$ satisfying the following three-te...
1,314,259,993,220
arxiv
\section{Introduction} De nombreuses applications pratiques nécessitent des problèmes de prise de décision séquentiels, où un agent doit choisir la meilleure action parmi plusieurs alternatives. Des exemples de telles applications incluent les essais cliniques~\cite{durand2018contextual}, systèmes de recommandation~\ci...
1,314,259,993,221
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Confinement in QCD and in Yang-Mills theories in general is associated with long-range (infrared) effects. It is thus necessary to study the infrared behavior of the theory's Green's functions using nonperturbative methods. These studies include numerical (lattice) as well as analytic methods ...
1,314,259,993,222
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Traditionally the model of two-level system (TLS) is used to describe the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with atoms \cite{mand}. This model is quite reasonable if radiation frequency and transition frequency of the corresponding two levels are very close to each other. It was sug...
1,314,259,993,223
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The theory of Compressed Sensing (CS) \cite{candes2006qru,donoho2006cs} aims at reconstructing sparse or compressible signals from a small number of linear measurements compared to the dimensionality of the signal space. In short, the signal reconstruction is possible if the u...
1,314,259,993,224
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \emph{Coherent Lagrangian vortices (CLVs)} play an important role in the transport and mixing of passive, possibly diffusive, scalar quantities in fluid flows. Such structures can be found in flows living on a wide variety of scales \cite{Huhn2015a,Hadjighasem2017,Abernathey2018}. Over the past...
1,314,259,993,225
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As America's national IP office, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is charged with the mission of granting patents and registering trademarks. The USPTO is required by law to disseminate most nonprovisional patent applications and granted patents to the public.~\footnote{3...
1,314,259,993,226
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An important aspect of event-driven trials is the operational design at the initial and interim stages, i.e. predicting the event counts over time and the time to reach specific milestones, accounting for events that may occur not only in patients already recruited and are followed-up but also i...
1,314,259,993,227
arxiv
\section{#1}} \renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}} \def\mathrm{d}{\mathrm{d}} \def\langle{\langle} \def\rangle{\rangle} \def^{\dag}{^{\dag}} \def{\cal K}{{\cal K}} \def{\cal N}{{\cal N}} \font\maj=cmcsc10 \font\itdix=cmti10 \def\mbox{I\hspace{-.15em}N}{\mbox{I\hspace{-.15em}N}} \def\mbox{I\hspace{...
1,314,259,993,228
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In general relativity (GR), spacetime structure is determined by a dynamical metric tensor field $g_{ab}$ and nothing else, and the theory is both diffeomorphism invariant and locally Lorentz invariant. Einstein-\ae ther theory is the extension of GR that incorporates a dynamical unit timelike v...
1,314,259,993,229
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In Classical Mechanics one of the first paradigmatic problems that students encounter in their study is the dynamics of a falling body, \textit{i.e.} an object pulled down to the ground (\textit{e.g.} from the Pisa's tower) by the constant force of Earth's gravity. However, amazingly enough, th...
1,314,259,993,230
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Through powerful expressive abilities, deep neural networks(DNNs) have achieved great success in many areas \cite{kim-2014-convolutional, devlin-etal-2019-bert}. However, recent work has revealed the fragility of DNNs. They are vulnerable to adversarial examples \cite{szegedy-etal-2014-intriguing...
1,314,259,993,231
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Radio and X--ray observations of galaxy clusters prove that thermal and non--thermal plasma components coexist in the intracluster medium (ICM). While X--ray observations reveal the presence of diffuse hot gas, the existence of extended cluster--scale radio sources in a numb...
1,314,259,993,232
arxiv
\section{Introduction:} Exotic hadrons in QCD remain poorly understood theoretically. The recent discoveries of the $X$, $Y$, $Z$ states~\cite{Choi:2003ue}, for instance, in the charmonium spectroscopy was rather unexpected. Many of the expected states, on the other hand, which are associated with gluonic excitatio...
1,314,259,993,233
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Most fundamental theories of physics have connections among their basic variables, like the standard model of particle physics and the Ashtekar formulation of general relativity. It is therefore important, especially with respect to a quantization of these theories, to consider functions of con...
1,314,259,993,234
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s.intro} According to the Belinski-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz (BKL) conjecture \cite{Belinski:1969, Belinski:1970ew}, as a space-like singularity is approached in general relativity, at a generic point spatial derivatives become negligible compared to time-like derivatives and the equations ...
1,314,259,993,235
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum entanglement provides a fundamental potential resource for communication and information processing and is one of the key quantitative notions of the intriguing field of quantum information theory and quantum computation. A quantum superposition state decays into a classical, statistical...
1,314,259,993,236
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} Understanding how spiral patterns form in disk galaxies is a long--standing issue in astrophysics. Two of the most influential theories to explain the formation of spiral structure in disk galaxies are named stationary density wave theory and swing amplification. The station...
1,314,259,993,237
arxiv
\section*{Data Availability} Data from the GEUVADIS project is available through ArrayExpress database (www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress) under accession number E-GEUV-6. Data from the EGA project is available through European Genome-Phenome Archive (ega-archive.org) under Study ID: EGAS00001001895 and Dataset ID: EGAD0000...
1,314,259,993,238
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:INT} A well-known, quite interesting solution in General Relativity~(GR) is a geometrical bridge connecting two far away regions in the Universe. It can also turn out that the bridge even connects two different Universes. Hermann Weyl was the first to discuss, in 1921, this concept of...
1,314,259,993,239
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Mental health disorders are a significant problem in the United States and worldwide, with the number of adults struggling with mental illness increasing every day \cite{czeisler2020mental}. Two common mental health illnesses are Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and depression, which affects...
1,314,259,993,240
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s:intro} The number of possible social choice rules is huge, and even the number of those singled out in the literature for analysis is large. Researchers have tried many different axioms in order to classify and characterize these rules, sometimes leading to impossibility theorems. New r...
1,314,259,993,241
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Little is known on the study of morphological instability of the solid-liquid interface when a thin layer of moving fluid separates the developing solid from its surrounding. For example, the problem of icicle growth involves complex moving boundary problems with phase change. When an icicle ...
1,314,259,993,242
arxiv
\subsection{Double beta decay} \label{ch:cha41} The most promising way to distinguish between Dirac and Majorana neutrinos is neutrinoless double beta decay (0\mbox{$\nu\beta\beta$ decay}{}) \begin{equation} (Z,A) \rightarrow (Z+2,A) + 2 e^- \quad (\Delta L =2) \end{equation} only possible if neutrinos are massive ...
1,314,259,993,243
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} In previous studies~\cite{Cea:2002wx,Cea:2005td} on the vacuum dynamics of pure non-abelian gauge theories we found that the deconfinement temperature depends on the strength of an external abelian chromomagnetic field. In particular we ascertained that the deconfinement tem...
1,314,259,993,244
arxiv
\section{A note to the history of RF signal receiving and measurement techniques} In the early days of radio-frequency (RF) engineering the available instrumentation for measurements was rather limited. Besides elements acting on the heat developed by RF power (bi-metal contacts and resistors with a very high tempera...
1,314,259,993,245
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{sec:intro} Boij--S\"oderberg theory is the study of the cone of Betti diagrams over the standard graded polynomial ring $S=\Bbbk[x_1,\dots, x_n]$ and -- dually -- the cone of cohomology tables of coherent sheaves on $\mathbb{P}^{n-1}_\Bbbk$, where $\Bbbk$ is a field. The extremal rays...
1,314,259,993,246
arxiv
\section{Introduction} To sum, our contributions are: \begin{enumerate} \item We implement several simple heuristics to generate plausible and naturally-sounding code-switched utterances, based on monolingual data from a NLU bechmark; \item We show-case that monolingual models fail to process code-switched utt...
1,314,259,993,247
arxiv
\section{\label{}} \section{Introduction} The substantial samples of $W$ and $Z$ bosons currently being collected by the CDF and D\O\ experiments accommodate a wide variety of precision electroweak measurements. The two general purpose experiments observe $p\bar{p}$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 T...
1,314,259,993,248
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Selection of significant features with control over the false discovery rates (FDR), is one of the most important problems in application of machine learning methods \citep{jovic2015review, rietschel2018feature} for problems such as untargeted metabolomics \citep{heinemann2019ma...
1,314,259,993,249
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} Bottom-up models of functionally relevant patterns of neural activity provide an explicit link between neuronal dynamics and computation. A prime example of functional activity patterns are propagating bursts of place-cell activities called hippocampal replay, which is critical for memory consolida...
1,314,259,993,250
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Ultrasound (US) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) signals are highly complementary. MRI is based on magnetic and RF fields and can achieve diversified soft-tissue contrasts, while US imaging is based on longitudinal pressure waves and offers a high temporal resolution, convenient and relativel...
1,314,259,993,251
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For consistent thermodynamics of self-gravitating systems, a finite size is a key point to be taken into account. This was demonstrated first by York, Jr. \cite{york86} who showed that account for the boundary resolves the problems that seem to prevent the construction of the canonical ense...
1,314,259,993,252
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is one of the central features of quantum theory that only some pairs of quantum observables can be measured simultaneously. There are various ways how two quantum observables may permit a simultaneous measurement. Joint measurability, or compatibility, is the general concept related to s...
1,314,259,993,253
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Charged fluids are abundant in man-made or natural systems, in which thermalized mobile ions interact via Coulomb forces collectively, and also with more macroscopic charged bodies such as colloids, proteins, or DNA. The first theoretical attempt for describing inhomogeneous Coulomb fluids dates ...
1,314,259,993,254
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Random walks, of various types, have been comprehensively studied and widely applied in physics, engineering, and especially many fields of mathematics. The connection between random walk models and special polynomials, especially Bernoulli and Euler polynomials, was not obvious, since those pol...
1,314,259,993,255
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The analysis of peaks in the single particle spectral function, measured, for instance, by photoemission experiments in solids or radio frequency (RF) spectroscopy for ultracold atoms, provides important information about correlation effects in interacting quantum many-body systems. In the lim...
1,314,259,993,256
arxiv
\section{Motivation} The literature on portfolio management starts with the Markowitz portfolio and the CAPM (\cite{Lintner65}, \cite{Markowitz52}, \cite{Sharp64}). It is a one-period % model, where the information on assets is minimal. Every asset is characterized by two numbers, its expected return and its covar...
1,314,259,993,257
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Mid infrared (MIR) light (2 - 15 $\upmu$m) is of importance in a wide range of technological applications. Free space telecommunication \cite{su201810}, LIDAR \cite{weibring2003versatile}, environmental monitoring \cite{fix2016upconversion}, medicine and biology \cite{eva...
1,314,259,993,258
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec_intro} The automated extraction of roads applies to a multitude of long-term efforts: improving access to health services, urban planning, and improving social and economic welfare. This is particularly true in developing countries that have limited resources for manually intensive lab...
1,314,259,993,259
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We are interested in the behavior of a moving interface ${\Gamma}$ in a random medium, where ${\Gamma}$ is a graph, i.e. defined as \begin{equation}\label{cdl.interface} \Gamma(t):=\{ (x,y)\in {\mathbb{R}}^{2}: y=u(x,t)\} \end{equation} and the function $u$ evolves according to the followin...
1,314,259,993,260
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This work is concerned with the Cauchy problem \begin{equation}\label{eq:original hyperbolic system} \partial_t u+\mathcal Lu:=\partial_t u+A\partial_xu+Bu=0,\qquad u(0,x)=u_0(x). \end{equation} Even if we are going to discuss properties of the system \eqref{eq:original hyperbolic system} on it...
1,314,259,993,261
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Conformal field theories (CFTs) are basic mathematical structures in the study of a wide range of physical phenomena. A plethora of different CFTs arises when one studies physical systems in various dimensions and in various contexts. CFTs are also a fruitful ground to study general mathema...
1,314,259,993,262
arxiv