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1,314,259,993,163 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1958 Dirac published his famous Hamiltonian formulation of the metric General Relativity (or metric gravity, for short) \cite{Dir58}.
Since then and for a very long time that Dirac's formulation was known as the only correct Hamiltonian approach ever developed for the
metric gravity. In... |
1,314,259,993,164 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Deploying multiple-antenna nodes in communication networks offers several significant benefits including a multiplicative increase in transmission rates~\cite{MIMO}. This makes multiple-antenna nodes an integral part of data communication networks.
Broadcast channels~\cite{BC}, as a building blo... |
1,314,259,993,165 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Many online platforms present algorithmic suggestions to help users explore the enormous content space.
The recommender systems, which produce such suggestions, are central to modern online platforms.
They have been employed in many applications, such as finding new f... |
1,314,259,993,166 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Density functional theory (DFT)\cite{dft1,dft2} is by far the most widely used method in solid state physics, owing to its immense success in predicting solid state properties such as crystal structures, ionization energies, electrical, magnetic and vibrational properties. However, treating elec... |
1,314,259,993,167 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The development of theoretical approaches to treat light-matter interactions is nowadays a very active and productive field in various domains, from chemical physics to condensed-matter physics, from biophysics to material sciences. The most innovative studies are perhaps phenomena exhibiting str... |
1,314,259,993,168 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We introduce the super Patalan numbers as a gneralization of the super Catalan numbers.
The super Catalan numbers \cite[A068555]{OEIS} were studied by Gessel in his paper on the super ballot numbers \cite{GESSEL}.
(The term super Catalan numbers is also used to refer to a different sequence, we ... |
1,314,259,993,169 | arxiv | \section*{Motivation}
The first few contacts of a beginner with semiconductor slang can be shocking. One hears or reads that there are electrons but also holes. The beginner can figure out the hole as the vacancy of an electron, and keeps reading and/or listening. But then it appears the effective mass. It turns out th... |
1,314,259,993,170 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There are various studies of compact astrophysical objects in the interior of which the energy density $\rho$ and the pressure $p$ obey an equation of state typical of dark energy such as $p=-\rho$. Such objects have been variously named in the literature. We refer to them as ``dark energy star... |
1,314,259,993,171 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
While the logistics market is typically determined by strongly competing players, there also exist initiatives to encourage collaboration for, e.g., more cost-efficient and sustainable resource usage\footnote{https://eshipco.com/en/}\footnote{https://www.transporeon.com/en/reports/horizontal-coll... |
1,314,259,993,172 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:motivation}
\begin{figure}[!t]
\begin{subfigure}{\columnwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics{Idea1.pdf}
\caption{}
\vspace{8pt}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}{\columnwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics{Idea2.pdf}
\caption{}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{The comparison of two approaches to ... |
1,314,259,993,173 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
In \cite{DQnonneg}, the existence of quantisations for $0$-shifted symplectic structures on derived Artin $N$-stacks $Y$ was established, which in the Deligne--Mumford setting take the form of curved $A_{\infty}$ deformations of the \'etale structure sheaf $\sO_{Y}$. For general derived Artin ... |
1,314,259,993,174 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent years have seen huge progress in performance in brain MRI segmentation, classification and synthesis largely thanks to the application of convolutional neural networks to these problems. The organisation of challenges such as BRATS \cite{menze2014multimodal} and the MICCAI 2017 White Matte... |
1,314,259,993,175 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $(X,d)$ be a nondegenerate $($i.e,
with at least two points$)$ compact metric space, and $f:X \rightarrow X$ be a continuous map. Such $(X,f)$ is called a dynamical system. For a dynamical system $(X,f)$, let $M(X)$, $M(f,X)$, $M_{erg}(f,X)$ denote the space of probability measures, $... |
1,314,259,993,176 | arxiv |
\section{#1}\vspace{\sectionReduceBot}}
\newcommand{\csubsection}[1]{\vspace{\subsectionReduceTop}\subsection{#1}\vspace{\subsectionReduceBot}}
\newcommand{\csubsubsection}[1]{\vspace{\subsubsectionReduceTop}\subsubsection{#1}\vspace{\subsubsectionReduceBot}}
\newcommand{\cabstract}[1]{\vspace{\abstractReduceTop}\beg... |
1,314,259,993,177 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:1}
Cilia and flagella are micron-sized filamentous organelles found in eukaryotic cells that play a crucial role in biologically important processes such as locomotion, mucus clearance, embryogenesis and cell motility \cite{Ainsworth,sleigh}. While the biophysical and biochemical mec... |
1,314,259,993,178 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Ultra-intense laser interactions with dense targets represent an interesting regime, both from a fundamental and an applied perspective, that has not yet been exhaustively explored. One less explored phenomenon in this regime is the formation of electron and ion density peaks d... |
1,314,259,993,179 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Two particle non-relativistic bound states in QCD (QED) have, at least,
three well
separated scales: the mass $m$ (hard scale), the typical relative momentum $|\vec p|$
(soft scale) and the typical bound state energy $E$ (ultrasoft scale). This
allows to introduce a hierarchy of effective fie... |
1,314,259,993,180 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The extremely small $K_{L}$-$K_{S}$ mass difference has been measured accurately decades ago. The origin of this difference is the $K^0$-$\overline{K}^{0}$ mixing via second order weak interactions. Conventionally, the mass difference is separated into short-distance part and long-distance part. ... |
1,314,259,993,181 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Almost all conventional optical step-index waveguides are unsuitable for confining and supporting the low-loss propagation of acoustic waves. This is because the high refractive index materials making up the core of optical waveguides tend to support acoustic waves propagating at larger velocitie... |
1,314,259,993,182 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
First the absence of non-metrical nomenclature in our title is
somewhat misleading and intended not to discourage potential
readers cultivating a broader perspective. Some modest working
experience seems to indicate that non-metric manifolds are not
studied in autarchy from the... |
1,314,259,993,183 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
\hspace{8pt}Seismic interpretation requires detailed understanding of seismic acquisition, processing, and data models to infer geological meaning. The process of seismic data preprocessing and migration involves geometric transformation and analysis to produce an accurate ... |
1,314,259,993,184 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The idea of a `condensed vacuum' is generally accepted in modern
elementary particle physics. Indeed, in many different contexts one
introduces a set of elementary quanta whose perturbative empty
vacuum state $|o\rangle$ is not the true ground state of the theory.
For instance, in the physically... |
1,314,259,993,185 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A variety of strategies have been explored and proposed to directly detect dark matter (DM) via the interactions that it may have with the Standard Model (SM) particles. One possibility is to design detectors that look for excitations of a material as the DM scatters off or is absorbed in it. Th... |
1,314,259,993,186 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Calabi-Yau compactifications of type II string theory (in)famously exhibit a moduli space of vacua. A vast amount of work has been invested towards devising mechanisms of inducing a potential on this space, with the aim of obtaining phenomenologically more realistic string theor... |
1,314,259,993,187 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
As a classic topic, change-point detection regains much attention recently in the context of uncovering structural change in big data. In particular, a normal mean change-point model and its variants have been applied to analyze high-throughput data for DNA copy number variation (CNV) detect... |
1,314,259,993,188 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
That self-gravitating systems initially in highly spherically
symmetric configurations can relax to virial equilibria which break
this symmetry strongly has been known for several decades
\citep{Polyachenko_Shukhman_1981, merritt+aguilar_1985} and documented
since then by many numerical studies ... |
1,314,259,993,189 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Proteins employ sophisticated binding mechanisms during their interplay with other physiological partners to fulfill crucial biological processes. Starting from the recognition of small rigid molecules by proteins all the way to complex rearrangements of protein-protein interactions, many diffe... |
1,314,259,993,190 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Spintronics explores the spin properties of electrons independently of the charge transport \cite{Wolf,Awschalom,Zutic}. The main physical object that describes the transport of spin is the so called spin current. The understanding of its behavior are of major relevance for the development of ne... |
1,314,259,993,191 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is generally assumed that our Universe contains an approximately
equal amount of leptons and antileptons. The lepton asymmetry would be
of the same order as the baryon asymmetry, which is very small as
required by Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) considerations. The
existence of a large lepton... |
1,314,259,993,192 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The understanding of anomalous transport is one of the most important theoretical issues in the quest for controlled thermonuclear fusion \cite{horton2015}. In particular, we are concerned with the chaotic transport of charged particles advected by a turbulent electric field in a magnetized plas... |
1,314,259,993,193 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Photonic architectures have emerged as a viable candidate for the development of quantum information processing protocols. Photons are immune from environmental disturbances, readily manipulated with classical tools, and subject to high efficiency detection \cite{obrien2009photonic}. For these r... |
1,314,259,993,194 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Change point analysis has a long and rich tradition, dating back to the work of \cite{Page1954} and \cite{Hinkley1970}. During the last decade change point methods have attracted considerable interest,
leading to substantial development of both methodology and diverse areas of ... |
1,314,259,993,195 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, we have developed \cite{lv05a,lv05b} a new formalism
for nonlinear relativistic perturbations, based on a
covariant approach \cite{Hawking:1966qi,ellis} and inspired by
the work of Ellis and Bruni \cite{Ellis:1989jt}. A key quantity
in our formalism is the covector $\zeta_a$, a lin... |
1,314,259,993,196 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In his seminal paper \cite{Hawking1}, Steven Hawking showed that black holes
radiate thermally due to the quantum effects and this radiation is known as
Hawking radiation. Thus, for the first time, it has been established a
relation between thermodynamics and space-time geometry. Furthermore, th... |
1,314,259,993,197 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Job scheduling is a fundamental task in optimization, with applications ranging from resource management in computing~\cite{salot2013survey,sharma2010survey} to operating transportation systems~\cite{kolen2007interval}.
Given a collection of \emph{machines} and a set of \emph{jobs} (or tasks) to... |
1,314,259,993,198 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The discovery of more than 760 exoplanets to date \citep{b18} has revolutionized our understanding of the architecture of planetary systems. One of the surprising key observations is the large eccentricity of exoplanet orbits. Compared to Jupiter's eccentricity of 0.05 and to the Earth's 0.017, t... |
1,314,259,993,199 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Bayesian approach has been widely applied to inverse models and parameter inference models \cite{dashti,kaipio,stuart,stuart1,tarantola,marzouk1,marzouk2,yan1,yan2,yan3,yang}. It provides a handy framework for the data analysis in the real engineering problems \cite{beck,hadidi,yuen} based on Bay... |
1,314,259,993,200 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently the analog model is very popular for studying the
condensed matter physics (see \cite{Rev} for a review). Since
direct experimental probes of many important aspects of general
relativity (GR) are extremely difficult, the possibility of using
condensed matter system, such as Bose-Einstei... |
1,314,259,993,201 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
In this paper, we consider the numerical solution of parabolic-elliptic interface problems via
the non-symmetric coupling method of MacCamy and Suri~\cite{MacCamy:1987}, which consists of a
Galerkin approximation in space
and a subsequent discretization in time by a variant o... |
1,314,259,993,202 | arxiv | \section{Introduction
\section{Introduction}
A long standing goal in the study of non-equilibrium is to generalize and implement the vast knowledge accumulated in the study of thermodynamic phase transitions \citep{Zinn-Justin_book,Yeomans,Sachdev}. In equilibrium, the relevant thermodynamic potential, e.g. the free ... |
1,314,259,993,203 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we construct the first examples of finitely generated, residually finite groups $G$ whose outer automorphism groups are finitely generated and not recursively presentable. Indeed, we construct a continuum, so $2^{\aleph_0}$, of such groups $G$ with pairwise non-isomorphic outer auto... |
1,314,259,993,204 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA), an enlargement of the abdominal aorta with 50\% diameter over normal state, occurs increasingly often among old people \cite{sakalihasan2005abdominal}. The rupture of AAA brings in 85\%-90\% fatality rate \cite{kent2014abdominal}. Fenestrated Endovascular Aortic R... |
1,314,259,993,205 | arxiv | \section{The model}\label{The model}
Recent chemodynamical galactic evolution models, like e.g., \cite{Minchev14}, \cite{vandeVoort15}, and \cite{Shen15}, can model in a self-consistent way massive mergers of galactic subsystems (causing effects like infall in simpler models), energy feedback from stellar explosions (c... |
1,314,259,993,206 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In \cite{pEqualsTref}, Malliaris and Shelah introduce the notion of cofinality spectrum problems; these are essentially models of a weak fragment of arithmetic. To each cofinality spectrum problem $\mathbf{s}$ they associate cardinals $\mathfrak{p}_{\mathbf{s}}$ and $\mathfrak{t}_{\mathbf{s}}$, w... |
1,314,259,993,207 | arxiv | \section{}
Particulate dispersions have long been subjected to external
fields as a means to separate different constituents; in particular,
sedimentation is important not only for analytical but also for preparative
purposes \cite{manoharan2003}.
For bulk systems, successful separation depends crucially upon ... |
1,314,259,993,208 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $L$ be an even lattice of signature $(l, 2)$. The Borcherds lift \cite{Borcherds} is a multiplicative lifting that takes vector-valued modular forms on $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$ with poles at cusps for a finite Weil representation attached to $L$ as input and yields automorphic forms for t... |
1,314,259,993,209 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sect:introduction}
The concept of universal behavior in physical systems is very fruitful and has been successfully spread to other quantitative sciences.
At the theoretical level quantum and statistical field theories are important tools to study the approach to criticality of physical sy... |
1,314,259,993,210 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In this paper we study the recently conjectured 5d gauge theory descriptions of 6d SCFTs compactified on a circle \cite{Hayashi:2015zka}. The 6d $\mathcal{N}=(1,0)$ SCFTs have a tensor multiplet and $Sp(N)$ gauge symmetry with $N_f=2N+8$ fundamental hypermulitplets, and these c... |
1,314,259,993,211 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Antiferromagnetic materials (AFM) are promising candidates for fast, robust and energy-efficient spintronic devices \cite{Baltz2018}. AFMs possess two or more magnetic sublattices, with vanishing net magnetization. This absence of magnetic stray fields enables higher bit packing density of AFMs d... |
1,314,259,993,212 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A complex projective structure on a compact Riemann surface $X$ of negative Euler characteristic is a maximal atlas of holomorphic charts with values in $\mathbb{CP}^{1}$ whose transition functions are given by restrictions of M\"{o}bius transformations. Varying the Riemann surface structure on... |
1,314,259,993,213 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics is at the stem of important physical phenomena, many of them at the border with other sciences such as biology, chemistry, geology and even social sciences.
Differently from equilibrium statistical mechanics, there is no closed theoretical framework to deal w... |
1,314,259,993,214 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
Dirac and Weyl semimetals are condensed matter materials whose low-energy excitations are described by the
Dirac and Weyl equations, respectively. Generically, the corresponding materials have a band structure
where the valence and conduction bands touch at isolated poi... |
1,314,259,993,215 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Intro}
Astrophysical research is an intent driver for advances
in computer science, especially so for high performance computing and data
intensive calculations. We are used to the continuous increase of processor power
which increases the potential of computer
based analysis.
Even fast... |
1,314,259,993,216 | arxiv | \section*{References}
|
1,314,259,993,217 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Black hole X-ray binaries (BHXB s) that accrete at low Eddington ratios ($\lesssim 0.01 L_{\rm Edd}} % L_{Edd$, where $L_{\rm Edd}} % L_{Edd$ is the Eddington luminosity) are associated with compact radio emission from partially self-absorbed synchrotron jets \citep{bla... |
1,314,259,993,218 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The behaviour of a magnetic impurities in metals is one of the best studied
problem in condensed matter theory \cite{Hew93}.
In most cases it is a very good approximation to replace the conduction
density of states by a constant as small variations of the density of states
do not lead to a qual... |
1,314,259,993,219 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A nonempty finite set $C \subset \mathbb{S}^{n-1}$ is called a {\em spherical code}.
The geometry of spherical codes is related to the properties of the Gegenbauer polynomials \cite{Sze}; we consider their
normalized version $\{P_i^{(n)}(t)\}_{i=0}^\infty$ satisfying the following three-te... |
1,314,259,993,220 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
De nombreuses applications pratiques nécessitent des problèmes de prise de décision séquentiels, où un agent doit choisir la meilleure action parmi plusieurs alternatives. Des exemples de telles applications incluent les essais cliniques~\cite{durand2018contextual}, systèmes de recommandation~\ci... |
1,314,259,993,221 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Confinement in QCD and in Yang-Mills theories in general
is associated with long-range (infrared) effects. It is thus
necessary to study the infrared behavior of the theory's Green's
functions using nonperturbative methods. These studies include
numerical (lattice) as well as analytic methods ... |
1,314,259,993,222 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Traditionally the model of two-level system (TLS) is used to
describe the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with atoms
\cite{mand}. This model is quite reasonable if radiation frequency
and transition frequency of the corresponding two levels are very
close to each other. It was sug... |
1,314,259,993,223 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The theory of Compressed Sensing (CS)
\cite{candes2006qru,donoho2006cs} aims at reconstructing sparse or
compressible signals from a small number of linear measurements
compared to the dimensionality of the signal space. In short, the
signal reconstruction is possible if the u... |
1,314,259,993,224 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\emph{Coherent Lagrangian vortices (CLVs)} play an important role in the transport and mixing of
passive, possibly diffusive, scalar quantities in fluid flows. Such structures can be found in flows
living on a wide variety of scales \cite{Huhn2015a,Hadjighasem2017,Abernathey2018}.
Over the past... |
1,314,259,993,225 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
As America's national IP office, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is charged with the mission of granting patents and registering trademarks. The USPTO is required by law to disseminate most nonprovisional patent applications and granted patents to the public.~\footnote{3... |
1,314,259,993,226 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An important aspect of event-driven trials is the operational design at the initial and
interim stages, i.e. predicting the event counts over time and the time to reach specific milestones,
accounting for events that may occur not only in patients already recruited and are followed-up but
also i... |
1,314,259,993,227 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
\def\mathrm{d}{\mathrm{d}}
\def\langle{\langle}
\def\rangle{\rangle}
\def^{\dag}{^{\dag}}
\def{\cal K}{{\cal K}}
\def{\cal N}{{\cal N}}
\font\maj=cmcsc10 \font\itdix=cmti10
\def\mbox{I\hspace{-.15em}N}{\mbox{I\hspace{-.15em}N}}
\def\mbox{I\hspace{... |
1,314,259,993,228 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In general relativity (GR), spacetime structure is
determined by a dynamical metric tensor field
$g_{ab}$ and nothing else, and the theory is
both diffeomorphism invariant and locally
Lorentz invariant. Einstein-\ae ther theory is the
extension of GR that incorporates
a dynamical unit timelike v... |
1,314,259,993,229 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In Classical Mechanics one of the first paradigmatic problems that students
encounter in their study is the dynamics of a falling body,
\textit{i.e.} an object pulled down to the ground (\textit{e.g.} from the Pisa's tower)
by the constant force of Earth's gravity.
However, amazingly enough, th... |
1,314,259,993,230 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Through powerful expressive abilities, deep neural networks(DNNs) have achieved great success in many areas
\cite{kim-2014-convolutional, devlin-etal-2019-bert}.
However, recent work has revealed the fragility of DNNs. They are vulnerable to adversarial examples
\cite{szegedy-etal-2014-intriguing... |
1,314,259,993,231 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Radio and X--ray observations of galaxy clusters prove
that thermal and non--thermal plasma components coexist in the
intracluster medium (ICM).
While X--ray observations reveal the presence of diffuse
hot gas, the existence of extended cluster--scale radio
sources in a numb... |
1,314,259,993,232 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction:}
Exotic hadrons in QCD remain poorly understood theoretically. The
recent discoveries of the $X$, $Y$, $Z$ states~\cite{Choi:2003ue}, for
instance, in the charmonium spectroscopy was rather unexpected. Many
of the expected states, on the other hand, which are associated with
gluonic excitatio... |
1,314,259,993,233 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Most fundamental theories of physics have connections among their basic variables, like the standard model of particle physics and the Ashtekar formulation of general relativity. It is therefore important, especially with respect to a quantization of these theories, to consider functions of con... |
1,314,259,993,234 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s.intro}
According to the Belinski-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz (BKL) conjecture \cite{Belinski:1969, Belinski:1970ew}, as a space-like singularity is approached in general relativity, at a generic point spatial derivatives become negligible compared to time-like derivatives and the equations ... |
1,314,259,993,235 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum entanglement provides a fundamental potential resource for
communication and information processing and is one of the key quantitative
notions of the intriguing field of quantum information theory and quantum
computation. A quantum superposition state decays into a classical,
statistical... |
1,314,259,993,236 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
Understanding how spiral patterns form in disk galaxies is a long--standing issue in astrophysics. Two of the most influential theories to explain the formation of spiral structure in disk galaxies are named stationary density wave theory and swing amplification. The station... |
1,314,259,993,237 | arxiv | \section*{Data Availability}
Data from the GEUVADIS project is available through ArrayExpress database (www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress) under accession number E-GEUV-6.
Data from the EGA project is available through European Genome-Phenome Archive (ega-archive.org) under Study ID: EGAS00001001895 and Dataset ID: EGAD0000... |
1,314,259,993,238 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:INT}
A well-known, quite interesting solution in General Relativity~(GR) is a geometrical bridge connecting two far away regions in the Universe. It can also turn out that the bridge even connects two different Universes. Hermann Weyl was the first to discuss, in 1921, this concept of... |
1,314,259,993,239 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Mental health disorders are a significant problem in the United States and worldwide, with the number of adults struggling with mental illness increasing every day \cite{czeisler2020mental}. Two common mental health illnesses are Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and depression, which affects... |
1,314,259,993,240 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{s:intro}
The number of possible social choice rules is huge, and even the number
of those singled out in the literature for analysis is large.
Researchers have tried many different axioms in order to classify and
characterize these rules, sometimes leading to impossibility theorems.
New r... |
1,314,259,993,241 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Little is known on the study of morphological instability of the solid-liquid interface when a thin layer of moving fluid separates the developing solid from its surrounding. For example, the problem of icicle growth involves complex moving boundary problems with phase change.
When an icicle ... |
1,314,259,993,242 | arxiv | \subsection{Double beta decay}
\label{ch:cha41}
The most promising way to distinguish between Dirac and Majorana neutrinos is neutrinoless double beta decay (0\mbox{$\nu\beta\beta$ decay}{})
\begin{equation}
(Z,A) \rightarrow (Z+2,A) + 2 e^- \quad (\Delta L =2)
\end{equation}
only possible if
neutrinos are massive ... |
1,314,259,993,243 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
In previous studies~\cite{Cea:2002wx,Cea:2005td} on the vacuum dynamics of
pure non-abelian gauge theories we found that the deconfinement
temperature depends on the strength of an external abelian
chromomagnetic field. In particular we ascertained that the deconfinement
tem... |
1,314,259,993,244 | arxiv | \section{A note to the history of RF signal receiving and measurement techniques}
In the early days of radio-frequency (RF) engineering the available instrumentation
for measurements
was rather limited.
Besides elements acting on the heat developed by RF power (bi-metal contacts and
resistors with a very high tempera... |
1,314,259,993,245 | arxiv | \section{Introduction
\label{sec:intro}
Boij--S\"oderberg theory is the study of the
cone of Betti diagrams over the standard graded polynomial ring
$S=\Bbbk[x_1,\dots, x_n]$ and -- dually -- the
cone of cohomology tables of coherent sheaves on $\mathbb{P}^{n-1}_\Bbbk$,
where $\Bbbk$ is a field. The extremal rays... |
1,314,259,993,246 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
To sum, our contributions are:
\begin{enumerate}
\item We implement several simple heuristics to generate plausible and naturally-sounding code-switched utterances, based on monolingual data from a NLU bechmark;
\item We show-case that monolingual models fail to process code-switched utt... |
1,314,259,993,247 | arxiv | \section{\label{}}
\section{Introduction}
The substantial samples of $W$ and $Z$ bosons currently being collected
by the CDF and D\O\ experiments accommodate a wide variety of precision
electroweak measurements. The two general purpose experiments observe
$p\bar{p}$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 T... |
1,314,259,993,248 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Selection of significant features with control over the false discovery rates (FDR), is one of the most important problems in application of machine learning methods \citep{jovic2015review, rietschel2018feature} for problems such as untargeted metabolomics \citep{heinemann2019ma... |
1,314,259,993,249 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
Bottom-up models of functionally relevant patterns of neural activity provide an explicit link between neuronal dynamics and computation. A prime example of functional activity patterns are propagating bursts of place-cell activities called hippocampal replay, which is critical for memory consolida... |
1,314,259,993,250 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Ultrasound (US) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) signals are highly complementary. MRI is based on magnetic and RF fields and can achieve diversified soft-tissue contrasts, while US imaging is based on longitudinal pressure waves and offers a high temporal resolution, convenient and relativel... |
1,314,259,993,251 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For consistent thermodynamics of self-gravitating systems, a finite size is
a key point to be taken into account. This was demonstrated first by York,
Jr. \cite{york86} who showed that account for the boundary resolves the
problems that seem to prevent the construction of the canonical ense... |
1,314,259,993,252 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is one of the central features of quantum theory that only some pairs of quantum observables can be measured simultaneously.
There are various ways how two quantum observables may permit a simultaneous measurement.
Joint measurability, or compatibility, is the general concept related to s... |
1,314,259,993,253 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Charged fluids are abundant in man-made or natural systems, in which thermalized mobile ions interact via
Coulomb forces collectively, and also with more macroscopic charged bodies such as colloids, proteins, or DNA.
The first theoretical attempt for describing inhomogeneous Coulomb fluids dates ... |
1,314,259,993,254 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Random walks, of various types, have been comprehensively studied
and widely applied in physics, engineering, and especially many fields
of mathematics. The connection between random walk models and special
polynomials, especially Bernoulli and Euler polynomials, was not obvious,
since those pol... |
1,314,259,993,255 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The analysis of peaks in the single particle spectral function, measured, for
instance, by photoemission experiments in solids or radio frequency (RF)
spectroscopy for ultracold atoms, provides important information about
correlation effects in interacting quantum many-body systems.
In the lim... |
1,314,259,993,256 | arxiv | \section{Motivation}
The literature on portfolio management starts with the Markowitz portfolio
and the CAPM
(\cite{Lintner65}, \cite{Markowitz52}, \cite{Sharp64}). It is a
one-period %
model, where the information on assets is minimal. Every asset is
characterized by two numbers, its expected return and its covar... |
1,314,259,993,257 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
Mid infrared (MIR) light (2 - 15 $\upmu$m) is of importance in a wide range of technological applications. Free space telecommunication \cite{su201810}, LIDAR \cite{weibring2003versatile}, environmental monitoring \cite{fix2016upconversion}, medicine and biology \cite{eva... |
1,314,259,993,258 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec_intro}
The automated extraction of roads applies to a multitude of long-term efforts: improving access to health services, urban planning, and improving social and economic welfare. This is particularly true in developing countries that have limited resources for manually intensive lab... |
1,314,259,993,259 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We are interested in the behavior of a moving interface ${\Gamma}$ in a random medium, where ${\Gamma}$ is a graph,
i.e. defined as
\begin{equation}\label{cdl.interface}
\Gamma(t):=\{ (x,y)\in {\mathbb{R}}^{2}: y=u(x,t)\}
\end{equation}
and
the function $u$ evolves according to the followin... |
1,314,259,993,260 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This work is concerned with the Cauchy problem
\begin{equation}\label{eq:original hyperbolic system}
\partial_t u+\mathcal Lu:=\partial_t u+A\partial_xu+Bu=0,\qquad u(0,x)=u_0(x).
\end{equation}
Even if we are going to discuss properties of the system \eqref{eq:original hyperbolic system} on it... |
1,314,259,993,261 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Conformal field theories (CFTs) are basic mathematical structures in the study of a wide range of physical phenomena. A plethora of different CFTs
arises when one studies physical systems in various dimensions and in various contexts. CFTs are also a fruitful ground to study general mathema... |
1,314,259,993,262 | arxiv |
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