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541,165,881,856
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Helioseismology -- the study of solar oscillations -- is a powerful probe of the structure and dynamics of the Sun which has provided great improvements in our understanding of stellar evolution and structure \citep[][ and references therein]{TurckChieze1993, JCD2002}. Those successes push the c...
541,165,881,857
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} K. T. is supported by a Juan de la Cierva fellowship and by the research grants FPA2010-20807, 2009SGR502 and by the Consolider CPAN project. Y. M. -T. is supported by the European Research Council under the Advanced Investigator Grant ERC-AD-267258.
541,165,881,858
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Symplectic quotients are an important source of new symplectic manifolds: they appear as \emph{symplectic reductions} in the context of Hamiltonian actions and the associated moment maps. More generally, reduced spaces corresponding to regular values of the moment map turn out to be \emph{sympl...
541,165,881,859
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An important task in image processing is to achieve an appropriate regularization or smoothing of images or image related data. In particular, this is indispensable for most application-driven problems in the field, such as denoising, inpainting, reconstruction, segmentation, registration or cla...
541,165,881,860
arxiv
\section{General overview} The understanding of strong-weak coupling dualities, or S dualities, in supersymmetric gauge theories (on which I will focus) and superstring theory, is certainly the most outstanding problem in high energy physics at present. Typically, S duality relates a theory A with coupling constant $g$...
541,165,881,861
arxiv
\section{Applications of AI for Fighting Covid-19} This section presents representative applications of AI in fighting the Covid-19 outbreak. \label{Sec:Applications_AI} \subsection{AI for COVID-19 detection and diagnosis} As one of the most effective solutions to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, early treatment and pred...
541,165,881,862
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Hawking argued that black holes evaporate into a mixed state of radiation \cite{Hawking:1975vcx}, even those formed from pure states. However, AdS/CFT implies that all black holes act as normal, unitary quantum mechanical systems when viewed from the outside \cite{Almheiri:2020cfm}. Hawking's no...
541,165,881,863
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Analytic geometry tends to lack many of the tools and the clear presentation of algebraic geometry. One example is the theory of quasi-coherent sheaves in analytic geometry which has experienced a plethora of different definitions (see for instance the discussion in \cite{BBP}). There is also n...
541,165,881,864
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec:Intro} Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is a field theory that is expected to explain all the experimental data involving strong interactions either perturbatively or non-perturbatively~\cite{Bj}. Consider the weak boson ($W^\pm$ and $Z^0$) production at a hadron collider, such as the ...
541,165,881,865
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the last few years, a great attention was devoted to the interpretation of the quasi periodic oscillations (QPOs) discovered in the tail of giant flares in Soft Gamma Repeaters (SGRs). Those oscillations cover a wide range of frequencies going from a few Hz up to kHz. Until now only in two S...
541,165,881,866
arxiv
\section{Introduction} {\it Planck\/}\ \footnote{{\it Planck\/}\ (http://www.esa.int/{\it Planck\/} ) is a project of the European Space Agency (ESA) with instruments provided by two scientific consortia funded by ESA member states (in particular the lead countries France and Italy), with contributions from NASA (USA)...
541,165,881,867
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Relativistic heavy ion collision experiments at the present AGS at Brookhaven and SPS at CERN and at the future colliders like RHIC and LHC aim to recreate deconfined matter or the quark-gluon plasma. In order to find out details in the collisions and to see whether the resulti...
541,165,881,868
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Traditional optical interconnects, implemented using parallel multimode fiber coupled to vertical cavity surface emitting laser arrays, face modal dispersion-induced limitations in satisfying longer reach (>100 m) requirements within massively parallel data center and high-performance computing ...
541,165,881,869
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Two identifying physical properties of water waves are the nonlinearity and dispersion. Dispersion refers to the property of waves of different wavelength to travel with different phase speed, while the nonlinearity is related with the way waves interact with each other and also with the fact tha...
541,165,881,870
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Context} Let $(Q,\mathbb{W})$ be a quiver with potential, i.e.\ a directed graph $Q$ with a cyclic word $\mathbb{W}$ on the oriented edges of $Q$. Ginzburg \cite{Ginzburg} associates to the pair $(Q,\mathbb{W})$ a 3\nobreakdash-dimensional Calabi-Yau category $\mathcal C(Q,\mathbb{...
541,165,881,871
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and its variations, has infected more than 427 million people and caused more than 5,9 million deaths around the globe, based on the facts of John Hopkins University (22 February 2022) \cite{noauthor_Covid-19_nodate}. Since the declaration of Public Health emergenc...
541,165,881,872
arxiv
\subsection{High stability, atomically sharp edges, substrate decoupling, and large-scale integration are required for the practical application of graphene nanostructures in field-effect transistors} \par Quantum-mechanically confining the carriers in graphene nanoribbon (GNR) is an effective and controllable way for...
541,165,881,873
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is clear that in quasars there is a strong relationship between the nonthermal emission at low frequencies and that at high frequencies. Quasars are generally strong X-ray emitters (e.g., \cite{tan79}; \cite{kuw80}), and a number have been found to be strong, hard ($> 100$ MeV) $\gamma$-ray s...
541,165,881,874
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} The evolutionary behavior of lithium abundance and rotation, and the convective properties of stars depend strongly on stellar mass. The genesis of this dependence is of obvious interest in stellar astrophysics, in particular for the study of solar--analog stars, but very little i...
541,165,881,875
arxiv
\section{Canonical construction of the Virasoro algebra}\label{section:vir} In this section we fix a $\QQ$-algebra $R$ and a $R$-algebra ${\mathcal O}$ isomorphic to the formal power series ring $R[[t]]$. In other words, ${\mathcal O}$ comes with a principal ideal $\mathfrak{m}$ so that ${\mathcal O}$ is complete for...
541,165,881,876
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The transverse momentum dependent (TMD) distributions and fragmentation functions have received much attention recently~\cite{D'Alesio:2007jt}. They are believed to be responsible for several azimuthal asymmetries observed in experiments, such as the single transverse spin asymmetry (SSA) in semi...
541,165,881,877
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} The research is based upon work supported by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), via IARPA Contract No 2017-17042800005, and by DARPA (grant no. D16AP00115). The views and conclusions contained herein are thos...
541,165,881,878
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In biomedicine, proportional hazard Cox regressions \cite{cox72} are commonly used for modeling time-to-event outcomes. Besides, related hazard ratios (HR) are used for measuring the impact of the factors of interest on these outcomes. When the Cox regression assumptions hold, the HR represents...
541,165,881,879
arxiv
\section*{1.Introduction} The infinite-dimensional algebras play a very important role in the study of integrable systems. The intrinsic connection between the Virasoro algebra and the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation was firstly pointed out by Gervais and Neveu \cite{Gervais1, Gervais2}. Then it was shown that the $W...
541,165,881,880
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Over the last 20 years neutrino oscillations associated with small splittings between the $\nu$ mass states have become well established. Three $\nu$ flavors ($\nu_e$, $\nu_{\mu}$, $\nu_{\tau}$) are mixtures of three massive neutrinos ($\nu_1$, $\nu_2$, $\nu_3$) separ...
541,165,881,881
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The origin of the quark/lepton flavor is still unknown in spite of the remarkable success of the standard model (SM). To reveal the underlying physics of flavors is the challenging work. The recent development of the neutrino oscillation experiments provides us with important clues to investi...
541,165,881,882
arxiv
\section{Training and rollout policy distillation details}\label{sec:app-training} Each agent used in the paper defines a stochastic policy, i.e. a categorical distribution $\pi(a_t|o_t;\theta)$ over discrete actions $a$. The logits of $\pi(a_t|o_t;\theta)$ are computed by a neural network with parameters $\theta$, t...
541,165,881,883
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} One of the key aspects of massive star evolution is rotational mixing and its impact. Evolutionary models including rotation (e.g., \citealt{Heger00, MeynetMaeder00, Brott11a}) predict a surface enrichment of Nitrogen with an associated Carbon depletion during the main seque...
541,165,881,884
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Transition metal (TM) dimers are of special interest theoretically and computationally. They fully exhibit the complexity of more complex TM materials (such as the formation of high-order bonds), but their relatively small sizes make them amenable to systematic and rigorous theoretical studies. ...
541,165,881,885
arxiv
\section{Introduction} General Relativity (GR) is, among all the theories proposed to describe the gravitational field, the one that owns the most acceptance in the scientific community. Einstein field equations (EFE) are the basis of this theory establishing a relationship between the space--time geometry and the en...
541,165,881,886
arxiv
\section{Conclusion and Future Work} In this paper, we for the first time investigate the power of graph neural networks in identifying high betweenness centrality nodes, which is a traditional but significant problem essential to many applications but often computationally prohibitive on large networks with millions...
541,165,881,887
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With more advanced Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) developed every day, there is a big challenge to deploy such complicated models in edge devices under strict constraints on power budget, delay, form factor, and cost. Researchers are actively investigating approaches to map the DNN workloads onto FP...
541,165,881,888
arxiv
\section{VANDELS} VANDELS: a deep VIMOS survey of the CANDELS UDS and CDFS fields, is the latest ESO public spectroscopic survey. The main targets of VANDELS are star-forming galaxies at redshift 2.4 $<$z $<$ 5.5, an epoch when the Universe had not yet reached 20\% of its current age, and massive passive galaxies in th...
541,165,881,889
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Generally, contact eclipsing binaries (CEBs) consist of two dwarf stars surrounded by a common convective envelope. Most of these systems have spectral classes from F to K, and orbital periods between 0.2 and 1.0 days (Maceroni \& van’t Veer 1996; Paczy\'nski et al. 2006). The light curves of th...
541,165,881,890
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} Early studied in the 1930's \cite{Lesley1933}, the counter-rotating machines arouse a greater interest in the turbomachinery field, particularly for their potential improvement of the efficiency with respect to conventional machines by recovering kinetic energy from the front rot...
541,165,881,891
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The spatial join is a well-studied fundamental operation that finds application in spatial database systems \cite{Guting94} and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) \cite{Longley:2010:GIS:2544014}. GIS, for example, typically store multiple thematic layers (e.g., road network, hy...
541,165,881,892
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Relativistic quantum field theory is the adequate theoretical framework to formulate the commonly accepted theory of the fundamental interactions, the Standard Model of the strong and the electroweak interactions~\cite{QCD,gsw,gim,cabibbo}. The Standard Model summarizes our pre...
541,165,881,893
arxiv
\section*{Keywords} Complexity, Emergence, Complex Systems, Information Theory, Graph Theory, Occam's Razor \begin{abstract} The term {\em complexity} is used informally both as a quality and as a quantity. As a quality, complexity has something to do with our ability to understand a system or object --- we understan...
541,165,881,894
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The doubly heavy $\Omega$ baryons represent a unique part of three-quark systems because they consist of strange light quark. Experiments and theoretical calculations have been diversely studied the heavy hadrons in last few years. So far singly heavy baryons have been discovered and quantum num...
541,165,881,895
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} The Adversarial Robustness Toolbox (ART) is an open-source Python library for adversarial machine learning. It has been released under an MIT license and is available at \url{https://github.com/IBM/adversarial-robustness-toolbox}. It provides standardized interfaces for c...
541,165,881,896
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The problem of computing the group of autoequivalences of the derived category of a smooth projective variety $X$ has been considered by many authors. For any projective variety $X$, its bounded derived category $\cdbc{X}$ has always some trivial autoequivalences, namely those induced by auto...
541,165,881,897
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The quantum Hall effect is one of the most spectacular phenomena in condensed matter physics. The integer quantum Hall effect has been observed in two-dimensional electrons in semiconductor heterostructures, \cite{Klitzing,Laughlin}, and quasi-one-dimensional organic conductors in the magnetic-f...
541,165,881,898
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} \end{center} We discuss the non--linear growth of the excess kurtosis parameter of the smoothed density fluctuation field $\delta$, $S_4\equiv[\langle\delta^{\,4}\rangle-3\langle\delta^{\,2}\rangle^2]/ \langle\delta^{\,2}\rangle^3$ in an Einstein--de Sitter universe. We assume Gaussian primordial de...
541,165,881,899
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{sec:introduction}} The Planar Restricted Circular Three Body Problem (PRC-3BP) has been extensively studied throughout literature. The model has applications in space mission design \cite{GJSM, GKLMMR}, explains symbolic dynamics phenomena observed in trajectories of comets \cite{KLMR} and c...
541,165,881,900
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Many different mathematical structures have been brought to bear on the study of functions. In the last half-century notable theories which have yielded insights into function-theoretic problems include those of locally convex spaces, ordered vector spaces, commutative Banach alge...
541,165,881,901
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There is at present a `standard model' of the Universe before nucleosynthesis, which is described in many reviews and several textbooks. According to this model, an early era of inflation sets the initial conditions for a Hot Big Bang, which starts far above the critical temperature for the elec...
541,165,881,902
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Analysis of time-dependent data has become increasingly important for a wide range of applications such as understanding the onset and progression of diseases, physical performance assessment from biomechanical gait data, or facial expression analysis in video sequences. All the...
541,165,881,903
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Partially motivated by their possible applications in quantum information technology, recent years have seen a huge interest\cite{Wilczek09,Alicea12,LeijnseFlensberg12,Beenakker13,ElliotFranz15} in the realization of Majorana fermions in condensed-matter systems both from theore...
541,165,881,904
arxiv
\section{Introduction} During the sudden onset of a crisis situation, social media platforms such as Twitter provide valuable information to aid crisis response organizations in gaining real-time situational awareness~\cite{castillo2016big}. Effective analysis of important information such as affected individuals, infr...
541,165,881,905
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The first deep survey above 20 keV performed by the \emph{INTEGRAL} satellite has allowed the detection of more than 400 X-ray sources \citep{bird07}. The extensive survey of the Galactic plane has revealed that the contribution of Galactic X-ray binaries, especially the cataclysmic variable (CV...
541,165,881,906
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A great progress has been recently achieved in grammatical error correction (GEC) in English. The performance of systems has since CoNLL 2014 shared task~\cite{ng2014conll} increased by more than 60\% on its test set~\cite{bryant2019bea} and also a variety of new datasets appeared. Both rule-bas...
541,165,881,907
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} The standard explanation for the phenomenon of jet quenching - the suppression of particles with large transverse momentum produced in nucleus-nucleus collisions compared with the expectations from an incoherent superposition of nucleon-nucleon ones - observed at the Relativistic He...
541,165,881,908
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION}\label{sec:Intro} Uncertainty is a major difficulty in endowing robots with autonomy. Robots often fail due to unexpected events or behaviors. Low-level state estimation using robot pose has been extensively studied to help robots improve their belief about their state \cite{2008Springer-Sicilia...
541,165,881,909
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} A fundamental field theory is defined through its microscopic field content, representing the fundamental degrees of freedom (dof), and the interaction between them. But microscopic dof are not always observable: in low energy QCD we find hadrons instead of quarks and gluons. A...
541,165,881,910
arxiv
\section{Preliminaries and statements of main results} We will start by recalling from \cite{Scott:Intersectionnumbers} how to define intersection numbers in the algebraic setting. We will connect this with the natural topological idea of intersection number already discussed in the introduction. Consider two simple c...
541,165,881,911
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Velocity-map imaging (VMI) of electrons and ions is an established technique in the fields of atomic, molecular and chemical physics~\cite{Whitaker}. The advantages of electron and/or ion VMI compared to other detection techniques are the high collection efficiency and the high level of detail a...
541,165,881,912
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Large dynamical systems of interacting units such as power grids, transportation networks or the brain can be modeled as multi-agent systems. Unfortunately, these models consist of very large number of coupled differential equations whose analysis becomes intractable. Therefore, it is crucial to...
541,165,881,913
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, semiconductor qubits have developed tremendously with key results being fidelities above the error correction threshold \cite{Noiri2022HighFidGates, Xue2022HighFidGates} and small-scale quantum processors \cite{6qubitPhilips2022, 2qubitprocessorHighfid2022}, see \cite{Burkard2021...
541,165,881,914
arxiv
\subsection{\boldmath\ensuremath{{J\mskip -3mu/\mskip -2mu\psi\mskip 2mu}}\xspace selection} \label{sec:jpsi_reco} Signal candidate events are selected first by reconstructing \ensuremath{{J\mskip -3mu/\mskip -2mu\psi\mskip 2mu}}\xspace\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\xspace\ensuremath{\mu^+\mu^-}\xspace and \ensuremath{{J\ms...
541,165,881,915
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} In 1941, the Hungarian mathematician P. Tur\'an provided an answer to the following innocent-looking question. What is the maximal number of edges in a graph with $n$ vertices not containing a complete subgraph of order $k$, for a given $k$? This graph is now known as a Tur\'an grap...
541,165,881,916
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Our ability to design molecular light harvesting systems is based on a detailed understanding of light absorption, energy transport, charge separation and charge transport processes. A key design criterion is the energy cost and size requirement of the molecular complexes. In biological systems...
541,165,881,917
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In theoretical molecular spectroscopy, the goal is to obtain better understanding of changes in molecular structure and force field due to transitions by analyzing spectra of molecules. Of importance is the vibronic spectra of molecules, where the spectral lines correspond to transitions betwee...
541,165,881,918
arxiv
\section{\label{intro}Introduction} The stretched exponential relaxation function describes the time $t$ dependence of a relaxing quantity $n$, according to \begin{equation} n = n_0 \exp[-(\lambda^* t)^\beta]\ , \label{EqStretch} \end{equation} where $n_0 \equiv n(t = 0)$, $\lambda^*$ is a characteristic relaxation r...
541,165,881,919
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{1} \vspace{-0em} Nowadays, increasing interest has been devoted to the study of the exchange of energy between an open quantum system and the external environment and to the connections with the flow of quantum information \cite{EnergyFlow1,EnergyFlow2,EnergyFlow3}. The analysis perfo...
541,165,881,920
arxiv
\section{Introduction} To promote harmonious human-agent cohabitation, it is crucial for Reinforcement Learning agents to conform and self-adjust to their users' preferences and requests quickly. Learning from human intervention not only allows users to customize the behavior of their agent, but can also help agents le...
541,165,881,921
arxiv
\section{Introduction} V1329\,Cygni ($=$HBV 475) is one of a small number of symbiotic novae \citep{MuN94} that have outbursts of 3 to 7 mag and return to their previous brightness only slowly over decades. The canonical model \citep[e.g.][]{BaV90} for symbiotic novae involves a hot white dwarf star that has a surf...
541,165,881,922
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The magnetic helicity plays an important role in the solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and in the dynamo processes that causes the 11 year solar cycle (Zhang and Low, 2005). The magnetic helicity is an integral quantity reflecting the global complexity of the magnetic field. It can...
541,165,881,923
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The number of passenger vehicles in Europe and the traffic volume is steadily increasing \cite{eurostat}. Traffic congestion impose a huge economic loss to the economy. It is estimated that the European Union suffers a cost of almost 100 billion euro due to congestion annually \cite{europeancom...
541,165,881,924
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An increasing number of astronomical multi-object spectrographs require fast and accurate automated positioning of many optical fibers. The Australian Astronomical Observatory's (AAO's) `tilting spine' technology is a simple and modular solution for such instruments, featuring independently-a...
541,165,881,925
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The Extreme Energy Events (EEE) experiment \cite{eee} is a project by Centro Fermi (Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi") \cite{CFsite}, in collaboration with INFN (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare), CERN (European Council for Nuclear Researc...
541,165,881,926
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we examine the regularity of solutions to degenerate/singular fully nonlinear integro-differential equations of the form \begin{equation}\label{main_eq0} - \left(|Du(x)|^p + a(x)|Du(x)|^q \right){\mathcal I}_{\sigma}(u, x)= f(x) \quad \text{in} \quad B_1, \end{equation} where $0\...
541,165,881,927
arxiv
\section{Probing the MIT/SPT of the \ce{VO2} epilayer} The structural transition of a clean \ce{VO2} film can be investigated using oxygen K-edge XAS, as shown in Fig. \ref{VO2_100summary}a. Due to the strong O 2p - V 3d hybridization in \ce{VO2}, the O K-edge provides an indirect measure of the V-V dimer formation...
541,165,881,928
arxiv
\section{Kondo-lattice coherence and quantum criticality} Though in the focus of condensed-matter physicists for several decades \cite{Cornut_1972}, Kondo-lattice systems are still fascinating targets of contemporary basic research. These are usually certain intermetallic compounds of the rare earths Ce, Sm and Yb whe...
541,165,881,929
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} Consider the problem of scattering of acoustic waves by an elastic body immersed in a compressible, inviscid fluid (air or water) in a half-space with an unbounded rough boundary. This problem is also refereed to as a fluid-solid interaction problem which can be mat...
541,165,881,930
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} The Standard Model (SM) has historically worked extremely well, but many compelling reasons lead one to expect the existence of beyond-Standard Model (BSM) physics. Besides gravity, neutrino oscillation is the only confirmed BSM physics, and certainly provides significant info...
541,165,881,931
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In various application domains, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have significant performance and energy advantages over other devices \cite{trimberger:three}, but often go unused due to low application-design productivity. For example, depending on the device and applicat...
541,165,881,932
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For a compact subset $K$ of $\R^d$ we endow the space of smooth restrictions \[ C^\infty(K)=\{F|_K: F\in C^\infty(\R^d)\} \] with the quotient topology of the Fr\'echet space $C^\infty(\R^d)$, i.e., with the sequence of norms \begin{align*} \III f\III_n & =\inf\{\|F\|_n: F|_K=f\} \text{ where }...
541,165,881,933
arxiv
\section{Saturation} \begin{definition} Let $N$ and $U$ be sets of clauses. Then $N \cup U$ is a \emph{saturated} clause set if SCL(T) cannot learn new clauses from $N \cup U$, i.e., there exists no sequence of rule applications following a state $(\epsilon;N;U;B;0;\top)$ that contains the rule Conflict. \end{de...
541,165,881,934
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In \cite{DwyerGreenleesIyengar}, the authors raised the question whether every nonzero homologically finite complex of finite complete intersection dimension over a local ring is virtually small. In other words, given such a ring $A$ and such a complex $M \in D(A)$, is the intersection $$\opera...
541,165,881,935
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Wormholes are well-known peculiar solutions in general relativity (GR) and many modified/alternative theories of gravity. They typically consist of two ``mouths'' connected through a ``bridge''. The section of the bridge with minimal surface area is known as the ``throat''. If a wormhole allows ...
541,165,881,936
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{SEC:intro} Substitutions on infinite alphabets and tilings with infinite local complexity (ILC) have been steadily gaining attention in the study of symbolic dynamics and aperiodic order \cite{DOP:self-induced, PFS:fusion-ILC, Frett-Richard, SS:discrepancy, RY-profinite, SS:multiscale}. In...
541,165,881,937
arxiv
\section{Introduction} What is the distribution of algebraic numbers of a given degree $n$? To answer this question, we first need to define a suitable notion for this distribution. For discrete sets like e.g. infinite subsets of integers one is lead to consider asymptotic relative densities of such sets in interval...
541,165,881,938
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1}First-level heading} \section{Introduction} We study $p \bar{p}$ collisions at a total center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV. Among the particles produced in these collisions are $\Lambda$'s and $\bar{\Lambda}$'s. In this paper we examine the question of whether the $\Lambda$ and $\b...
541,165,881,939
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Many macroeconomic quarterly or monthly time series display strong both trend and seasonal behavior. The idea of cointegration at zero frequency (assuming common stochastic trend controlling the long-run behavior of the series) is well known and oft employed in the empirical an...
541,165,881,940
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Consider a statistical estimation problem where the unknown parameter is not a single value or vector, but an $m\times n$ matrix $M$. Given an estimator $\hat{M}$, one choice for a measure of the error in estimation is the mean-squared error, defined as \begin{equation}\label{msedef}...
541,165,881,941
arxiv
\section{Motivations and goals} \label{sec1} Defining $z_{{\mathrm{rec}}} = 1090.51 \pm 0.95$ as the typical redshift of recombination according to the WMAP data alone (see \cite{WMAP3a,WMAP3b} for the 3yr data release and \cite{WMAP51,WMAP52,WMAP53,WMAP54,WMAP55} for the 5yr data release) the temperature anisotropie...
541,165,881,942
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{definition} The \emph{Bernoulli numbers} $B_{n}$ can be defined by the following generating function: \begin{equation*} \frac{t}{e^{t}-1}=\sum_{n\geq 0}\frac{B_{n}t^{n}}{n!}, \end{equation*} where $|t|<2\pi$. \end{definition} \begin{definition} The \emph{Stirling number of the secon...
541,165,881,943
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} Let $p$ be a prime. Let $\rho \colon \mathbb{Z}/p \to \aut (\mathbb{Z}^n) =\mathrm{GL}(n,\mathbb{Z})$ be a group homomorphism. Throughout this paper we will assume: \begin{condition}[Free conjugation action] \label{cond:fre_action} The induced action of $\mathbb{Z}...
541,165,881,944
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Gilbert parameter $\alpha_{G}$ characterizes the damping of collective magnetization dynamics\cite{gilbert}. The key role of $\alpha_{G}$ in current-driven\cite{ralphstiles} and precessional\cite{heinrich} magnetization reversal has renewed interest in the microscopic physics of this impor...
541,165,881,945
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Evidence for the acceleration of the expansion of the universe comes from a wide variety of cosmological observations~\cite{Efstathiou:1990xe,Perlmutter:1998np,Riess:1998cb,Lahav:2014vza}, which probe the expansion history of the universe and the way in which the distribution o...
541,165,881,946
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The discovery, in the late 1980s, of high-temperature superconductivity giving rise to new extensive studies of the phenomenon of superconductivity, has also regenerated a vivid interest in quantum low-dimensional magnetism. At present most researchers are inclined to believe that magnetic int...
541,165,881,947
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \nocite{alexa, umbrella,majestic} Scientific studies frequently make use of a sample of DNS domain names for various purposes, be it to conduct lexical analysis, to measure properties of domains, or to test whether a new algorithm works on real domains. Internet top lists\xspace, such as the Ale...
541,165,881,948
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe (BAU) is one of the major challenges of cosmo-particle physics whose theory is not yet convincing. The observed baryon asymmetry is \cite{nakamura-pdg} \begin{eqnarray} X_B \equiv \frac{n_B -n_{\bar B}}{\circledS} = \frac{n_B}{\circledS} \approx (7.2 - 9.2) \tim...
541,165,881,949
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Generating samples from the multiple distributions encountered in Bayesian inference and machine learning is difficult. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is used to be a robust framework to generate the samples from the complex target distributions. Through constructing the specific Markov chains,...
541,165,881,950
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Semantic scene segmentation refers to the process of assigning a class label to each element representation of a scene. The outcome of semantic scene segmentation is extremely useful for many applications in artificial intelligence such as interactions of robots (\eg self-driving cars and autonom...
541,165,881,951
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The theory of locally compact quantum groups is inextricably connected to the theory of operator algebras. In fact, paraphrasing S.L.~Woronowicz \cite[Section 0]{psudosp}, any theorem on locally compact quantum groups is one on \ensuremath{\mathrm{C}^*}-algebras. In the present paper we will fo...
541,165,881,952
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well known that symplectic geometry, and more generally Poisson geometry, is part of the natural geometric framework for classical mechanics. The impact of this on both mathematics and physics hardly needs to be emphasised here. There are many different generalisations of symplectic geometr...
541,165,881,953
arxiv
\section{introduction} The superposition principle and the reduction of the wave function upon measurement are the two essential features of quantum mechanics, which are responsible for most counterintuitive paradoxical situations that arise when one starts to interpret the predictions of quantum mechanics. The violati...
541,165,881,954
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} We derive algorithmic primitives that afford fast approximate inference for arbitrarily large semiparametric regression models. The fit updating steps required for fitting a simple semiparametric regression model, such as Gaussian response nonparametric regression, can also be ...
541,165,881,955
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace{-1mm} Given an image, the goal of object class detection is to place a bounding-box around every instance of a given object class. Modern object detectors~\cite{cinbis13iccv,Dalal05:thomas, felzenszwalb10pami, girshick14cvpr, harzallah09iccv, MalisiewiczICCV11, uijlings13ijcv, wang13icc...