uuid
int64
541B
3,299B
dataset
stringclasses
1 value
text
stringlengths
1
4.29M
1,314,259,993,263
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Low-temperature physics of correlated materials is often characterized by the competition between ordered phases and unconventional superconductivity. Tipically, a static mean-field description, implying negligible fluctuations beyond the limits of the ordered phase, is not valid in these syste...
1,314,259,993,264
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Navier--Stokes equation for a homogeneous and incompressible fluid in the whole plane or space, subject to an external force field $\mathbf{F}$, is given by \begin{eqnarray}\label{NSF} \frac{{\partial}\mathbf{u}}{{\partial t}} + (\mathbf{u}\cdot \nabla )\mathbf{u}&=&\nu\Delta\mathbf{...
1,314,259,993,265
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Recent advances in sensing, actuation, communication, and computation technologies, as well as innovations in their integration within increasingly smaller, interconnected devices, has lead to the emergence of a new and fascinating class of systems, the so-called {\em c...
1,314,259,993,266
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nowadays, a shift splitting iteration scheme has been successfully used to solve the large sparse system of linear equations \begin{equation}\label{eq:1} Ax=b \end{equation} with $A$ being non-Hermitian positive definite, which is deemed as one of the efficient stationary solvers and is ...
1,314,259,993,267
arxiv
\section{0pt}{2pt plus 4pt minus 2pt}{0pt plus 2pt minus 2pt} \sectionfont{\fontsize{12}{15}\selectfont} \paragraphfont{\fontsize{9}{9}\selectfont} \usepackage{braket} \usepackage[font=small,labelfont=bf]{caption} \usepackage{lineno} \usepackage{nameref} \usepackage{newfloat} \usepackage[expansion=true]{microtype} \ren...
1,314,259,993,268
arxiv
\section{Future Work on Evidence Generation}\label{sec:FutureEvidence} \section{AFS High-Level Software Requirements}\label{sec:HLR} Without a doubt, the most fundamental step of any system development is capturing a good set of requirements in a systematic way such that it is accurate, complete, verifiable etc. Howe...
1,314,259,993,269
arxiv
\section{introduction} Let $d\in\mathbb N$. For a nonempty subset $C$ of $\Zz^d$, we denote by $\Theta_d(C)$ the {\it edge boundary} of $C$, i.e., \[ \Theta_d(C):=\{ (x,y)\in \Zz^d\times\Zz^d \ : \ \textrm{$|x-y|=1$, $x\in C$ and $y\in \Zz^d\setminus C$} \}. \] Its cardinality $\#\Theta_d(C)$ is the {\it edge ...
1,314,259,993,270
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s0} Solving $QCD$ in 't Hooft large-$N$ limit \cite{H1} is a long-standing difficult problem. An easier problem is to find a solution, not exact, but only asymptotic in the ultraviolet ($UV$). In a sense this asymptotic solution in the $UV$ already exists: It is ordinary perturbation theo...
1,314,259,993,271
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Large pre-trained language models have brought unprecedented progress in NLP, but also concerns regarding the excessive computing power needed to train them \cite{strubell_energy_2019}. Limited access to large amounts of computational resources, as well as environmental considerations, curb pos...
1,314,259,993,272
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Social media are sometimes used to disseminate hateful messages. In Europe, the current surge in hate speech has been linked to the ongoing refugee crisis. Lawmakers and social media sites are increasingly aware of the problem and are developing approaches to deal with it, for example promising t...
1,314,259,993,273
arxiv
\section{Introduction} First order PDE's of the form \begin{equation*} (u_i)_t = \sum_{j} A^j_i(u) (u_j)_x\qquad i,j=1,...,n \end{equation*} are called hydrodynamic or dispersionless systems in (1+1)-dimension. An important subclass of such systems are these which have multi-Hamiltonian structure, infinite hierarchy o...
1,314,259,993,274
arxiv
\section*{Background} High-throughput sequencing devices, called next-generation sequencers, have provided lots of DNA sequences of various organisms. However, a very large number of draft genome is still incomplete, for example, in GenBank, 90\% of bacterial genomes are incomplete~\cite{bacterialGenomeSequencing}. In...
1,314,259,993,275
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} In their landmark paper \cite{kazhdan1979representations}, Kazhdan and Lusztig introduced, for each Coxeter system $(W,S)$, a family of polynomials with integer coefficients indexed by pairs of elements of $W$. These polynomials are now known as the Kazhdan--Lusztig (KL)-polynomials...
1,314,259,993,276
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} In this contribution, models of wireless channels are derived from the maximum entropy principle, for several cases where only limited information about the propagation environment is available. First, analytical models are derived for the cases where certain parameters (channel energy, average ener...
1,314,259,993,277
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} The discovery of the Higgs boson~\cite{Aad:2012tfa,Chatrchyan:2012xdj}, possibly the first spin zero elementary particle observed in Nature, raised the crucial issue concerning the existence of possibly several scalar particles with masses much below any supposed cut-of...
1,314,259,993,278
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The $h$-cobordism theorem plays a crucial role in modern geometric topology, providing the essential link between homotopy and geometry. Indeed, comparing manifolds of the same homotopy type, one can often use surgery methods to produce $h$-cobordisms between them, and then hope to be able to sh...
1,314,259,993,279
arxiv
\section{Significance} Measurement data sets of molecular biology and other experimental sciences are being collected comprehensively to openly accessible databases. We demonstrate that it is now possible to relate new results to earlier science by searching with the actual data, instead of only in the textual annotat...
1,314,259,993,280
arxiv
\section{Literature Review} \label{s: literature review} Since NVIDIA first proposed the term ``Graphics Processing Unit'', known as GPU, in the year of 1999, GPU has grown into a heterogeneous parallel computing architecture, which is often used to solve complicated scientific and engineering problems. The two most c...
1,314,259,993,281
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Humans can distinguish 30,000 basic object classes \cite{object_cat_1987} and many more subordinate ones (e.g.~breeds of dogs). They can also create new categories dynamically from few examples or solely based on high-level description. In contrast, most existing computer vision techniques requi...
1,314,259,993,282
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The $1/f$ noise is a random process described by the power spectral density (PSD), $S(f)$, roughly proportional to the reciprocal frequency, $1/f$, i.e., $S(f)\propto1/f^\beta$, with $\beta$ close to $1$. It was observed first as an excess low-frequency noise in vacuum tubes \cite{Johnson1925,Sc...
1,314,259,993,283
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Intro} Ultra luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are off-nuclear extragalactic X-ray sources with isotropic bolometric luminosities in excess of the Eddington limit for a $\sim20M_{\odot}$ black hole (henceforth referred to as BH). An empirical approach defines ULXs as sources with X-ray luminos...
1,314,259,993,284
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the efforts to extract a relation between string theory and physics, we find two main problems, namely how the large vacuum degeneracy is lifted and how supersymmetry is broken at low energies. These problems, when present at string tree level, cannot be solved at any order in string pertu...
1,314,259,993,285
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{A}{s robotic} systems are applied to increasingly unstructured and unpredictable environments, the ability to identify and adapt to their environment is becoming of critical importance. The collaboration with humans represents a particular challenge, as the interaction varies betw...
1,314,259,993,286
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Geometric invariants are natural objects in the problem of classifying varieties. For instance, the Riemann curvature is such an invariant in Riemannian geometry and isometries are the corresponding transformations. In symplectic geometry, the transformations are called symplectomorphisms but th...
1,314,259,993,287
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro} The electrification of the automotive industry along with the development of autonomous driving technology will lead to a paradigm shift in urban mobility. Autonomous driving electric vehicle fleets are starting to be deployed worldwide to provide Electric Autonomous Mobility-on-...
1,314,259,993,288
arxiv
\chapter*{Acknowledgments} Science, even in its naked form, is a collective, social process \cite{Fleck1979}. For science any theory, observation or discovery is related to people and their relations. For a scientist it is all above plus much more. I am indebted to Maciek\footnote{Q: Is it misspelled? A: No. Keys [j]...
1,314,259,993,289
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The low voltage distribution network (DN) in Europe consists predominantly of single phase (1-$\phi)$ loads, inverter interfaced PV, storage, and electric vehicle charging infrastructure. Often the phase connectivity of such resources is not accurately known. This lack of DN observability will re...
1,314,259,993,290
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Infrared luminous galaxies (L$_{\rm IR}$ $\gtrsim$ 10$^{11}$L$_{\odot}$) radiate most of their luminosity as dust emission in the infrared \citep{sam96}. Thus, powerful energy sources, e.g., starbursts and/or active galactic nuclei (AGNs), must be present hidden behind dust. In the local univers...
1,314,259,993,291
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Thirty X-ray soft polars with negative hardness ratios\footnote{Hardness ratio $\mathrm{HR1_\mathrm{ROSAT}}=(H_\mathrm{R}-S_\mathrm{R})/(H_\mathrm{R}+S_\mathrm{R})$ of count rates in the $0.1-0.5\,\mathrm{keV}$ ($S_\mathrm{R}$) and $0.5-2.5\,\mathrm{keV}$ ($H_\mathrm{R}$) energ...
1,314,259,993,292
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The mathematical and physical significance of Painlev\'e equations \cite{INCE} is well established \cite{ASF5}. In particular, regarding Painlev\'e II, we note the following: \begin{enumerate} \item[(a)] A new method for solving its initial value problem, the so-called isomonodromy method, w...
1,314,259,993,293
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} Crystallographic methods of structure solution are the gold-standard for determining atomic arrangements in crystals including, in the absence of single crystals, structure solution from powder diffraction data~\cite{pecha;b;fopdascom05,david;b;sdfpdd02}. Here we show that c...
1,314,259,993,294
arxiv
\section{Microscopic Fermi-liquid analysis} \label{sec1} The goal of this section is to relate plasmon dispersion with the standard quantities such as Landau FL interactions and renormalized velocity. The analysis proceeds by standard steps via resumming the ladder contributions to the dynamical polarization function...
1,314,259,993,295
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Learning from demonstrations has gained a lot of popularity in decision-making and control tasks in a number of domains such as gaming, human-computer interactions, robotics, and self-driving vehicles. Commonly used methods include Imitation Learning (IL)~\cite{bojarski2016end}~\cite{ross20...
1,314,259,993,296
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Sterile neutrinos, a proposed fourth neutrino flavor, are one viable dark matter candidate.\cite{abazajian2001b} A sterile neutrino is an electroweak singlet and is thus consistent with limits from the {\it LEP} measurement \cite{LEP2006} of the width of the $Z^{0}$ gauge boson. The standard m...
1,314,259,993,297
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this work we develop a theory of asynchronous networks and event driven dynamics. This theory constitutes an approach to network dynamics that takes account of features encountered in networks from modern technology, engineering, and biology, especially neuroscience. For these networks dyn...
1,314,259,993,298
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep neural networks have been pushing the frontiers of artificial intelligence (AI) by yielding excellent performance in numerous tasks, from understanding images \citep{ResNet} to text \citep{VDCNN}. Yet, high performance is not always a sufficient factor - as some real-world deployment scena...
1,314,259,993,299
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The field of causal inference has developed massively in recent decades. Most of this literature concerns central quantities such as expectations, but certain causal mechanisms manifest themselves only in rare events and or may simplify in distribution tails. Standard methods of causal inference...
1,314,259,993,300
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} Traditional, simplified models of energetic particle propagation typically assume homogeneous turbulence generated by fields that are wave-like perturbations or random noise. These scenarios lack what would be called intermittency in turbulence theory. Indeed, a variety of indi...
1,314,259,993,301
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The goal of the present paper is to understand the impact of large IR loop corrections on the vacuum states in field theory on Poincare patch (PP) of de Sitter (dS) space. In \cite{Krotov:2010ma} one--loop correction to the scalar field Wightman function was calculated in PP over the Bunch--Da...
1,314,259,993,302
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro} Protocol sequences, which were first introduced in~\cite{Massey}, provide feedback-free solutions for Media Access Control (MAC) in communication networks. While the dominant MAC standards for cell-based systems, including cellular networks and Wireless LAN's, are feedback-based,...
1,314,259,993,303
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Power generation currently undergoes a paradigm shift: The tremendous installation of renewable energy generation units leads to varying operating conditions, fluctuating reserve capacities, and increasingly changing power flows on different levels of the grid, among others. As the investment in...
1,314,259,993,304
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Background and Motivation} Switching systems are dynamical systems described by a real-valued state vector and a discrete-valued operating mode. For each of the operating modes, the system dynamics and output mapping may be different. This is a wide class of systems, finding applicat...
1,314,259,993,305
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} This work was supported by JST CREST Grant Number JPMJCR19A1, Japan. \section{Conclusion} We proposed CASPER, a dialog system that bridges the gap between task- and non-task-oriented dialog using the domain shift. Shifter and selector enables a natural and seamless flow of dialog from open-...
1,314,259,993,306
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec-intro}% The object here is the best possible general estimate of the number of solutions to a special type of the unit equations in two unknowns over the rationals. The contents of this paper are motivated by some works of Scott \cite{Sc} and Bennett \cite{Be_cjm_01}, and they comple...
1,314,259,993,307
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Sign language, as a visual language, is the primary communication tool for the deaf community. To facilitate the communication between the deaf and hearing people, sign language recognition~(SLR) has been widely studied with broad social influence. Isolated SLR serves as a fundamental task in vis...
1,314,259,993,308
arxiv
\subsection*{Acknowledgements } M.V.d.H. gratefully acknowledges support from the Simons Foundation under the MATH + X program, the National Science Foundation under grant DMS-1815143, and the corporate members of the Geo-Mathematical Imaging Group at Rice University. G.U. was partly supported by NSF, a Walker Family E...
1,314,259,993,309
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Some programming techniques make use of the ability to keep a~pointer to internal parts of a~data structure. Such a~pointer is usually called a~\emph{finger} \cite{finger}. As an example, a~finger can be used to track the most recently used node in a~tree. Tree operations can then start from the...
1,314,259,993,310
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Hochschild (co)homology of associative algebras has been extensively studied since its first appearance in 1945 with the paper {\it On The Cohomology Groups of an Associative Algebra} by Gerard Hochschild \cite{Hoch}. There is a rich algebraic structure on the Hochschild cohomology of an as...
1,314,259,993,311
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The development of efficient and selective catalysts has been one of the keystones of technological progress in the last century \cite{catalysis}. Currently, most fossil fuels used in transportation are refined using catalytic processes \cite{Lee2014,deLasa2011,Primo2014}, while a substantial fr...
1,314,259,993,312
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A complex of rank $\frac 7 4$\ is a 2-complex with triangle faces, whose links are isomorphic to the Moebius-Kantor graph. \begin{figure}[H] \includegraphics[width=4cm]{IRL_MoebiusKantor.pdf} \caption{The Moebius--Kantor graph} \end{figure} \noindent In this paper we continue our investig...
1,314,259,993,313
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper deals with weak limit theorems involving the high-frequency components (in the sense of the spherical harmonics decomposition) of random fields defined on the unit sphere $\mathbb{S}^{2}$. Our results are motivated by a number of mathematical issues arising in connection with the prob...
1,314,259,993,314
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Optimal control methodology has certainly caught notable attention both in applications, and also in research and development efforts, over the many recent past years~\cite{dolk2016output,jiang2019optimal}. During this time too, there has been sustained technological advancement which has fac...
1,314,259,993,315
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The subject of this paper is a set of related topics centered around the Landau analysis \cite{Landau:1959fi}\footnote{See also many textbooks on QFT.} of singularities of Feynman graphs. What makes this subject currently important is not merely the classic application to the locating of sing...
1,314,259,993,316
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure}[t] \begin{subfigure}[t]{\linewidth} \centering \includegraphics[width=0.6\linewidth]{figures/sample_467.png} \caption{Image with human and object detections.} \label{fig:teaser-sample} \end{subfigure} \begin{subfigure}[t]{\linewidth} \centering \include...
1,314,259,993,317
arxiv
\section{Introduction} While studying an invariant of $\mathrm{II_1}$-factors related to Connes' embedding conjecture, Brown~\cite{Br} found that there is a natural way of defining convex combinations on this invariant. However, there seemed to be no evident embedding of this set into some linear space such that the ...
1,314,259,993,318
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} We are grateful to our anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments, \textit{oo7}'s~\cite{wang2018oo7} author Ivan Gotovchits and \textit{SpecFuzz}'s~\cite{oleksenko2019specfuzz} author Oleksii Oleksenko for helping us running the \textit{oo7} and \textit{SpecFuzz} tools accurately. This ...
1,314,259,993,319
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The black-hole evaporation~\cite{Hawking} is a remarkable discovery in the black-hole physics. This effect reveals itself in the positive flux of energy density being measurable sufficiently far away from the event horizon. The thermal profile of the mode distribution characterising this energy ...
1,314,259,993,320
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} As defined in \cite{bib:Finch}, a {\em $y$-rough number} is an integer whose prime factors are all at least $y$. For real numbers $x$ and $y$, the function $\Phi(x,y)$ counts the number of $y$-rough numbers less than or equal to $x$. This function was studied by Buchstab, who sh...
1,314,259,993,321
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro_ES} A tail quantile of the profit-and-loss distribution measures the risk of loss for investments, which is known as Value-at-Risk (VaR) and has been widely applied for capital allocation and risk management over the past two decades \citep{mcneil2015quantitative}. Although it is ...
1,314,259,993,322
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The evaluation of integrals over functions with an unbounded or even infinite number of variables is an important task in physics, quantum chemistry or in quantitative finance, see, e.g., \cite{Gil08a, WW96} and the references therein. In recent years a large number of researchers contrib...
1,314,259,993,323
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A \textit{transcendental function} is a function $f(x)$ such that the only complex polynomial satisfying $P(x, f(x)) =0$ for all $x$ in its domain, is the null polynomial. For instance, the trigonometric functions, the exponential function, and their inverses. The study of the arithmetic behav...
1,314,259,993,324
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\mathfrak F$ be a class of finite groups and $G$ a finite group. We may consider a graph $\w{\Gamma}_\mathfrak{F}(G)$ whose vertices are the elements of $G$ and where two vertices $g,h\in G$ are connected \ifa $\gen{g,h}\notin\mathfrak{F}$. We denote by $\mathcal{I}_\ff(G)$ the set of iso...
1,314,259,993,325
arxiv
\section{HyFL\xspace{} Framework} \label{sec:framework} We now present the details of our~HyFL\xspace{} framework, which aims to address multiple key requirements: complete model privacy, scalability, support for resource-constraint~(mobile/edge) devices, reduction of attack surface, ability to defend against multiple...
1,314,259,993,326
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Take a system in an equilibrium or nonequilibrium steady state and apply a small drive to it. We expect the system to move in the direction of the drive, and increasingly so with stronger drives. However, various setups have been found where intuition is violated and the response is more surpr...
1,314,259,993,327
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Among different semileptonic processes, the muon capture is one of the weak observables that, together with the $\beta$-decay, has available a fruitful set of experimental data that were collected in the last fifty years. Several works were focused to establish the universal $V-A$ chara...
1,314,259,993,328
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} Planetary systems constitute a paradigm of classical N-body problems. It has long been known that a general N-body system with $N \ge 3$ is not integrable. \citet{arnold_1963} showed that a typical near-integrable Hamiltonian system (HS) with more than 2 degrees of freedom is topolog...
1,314,259,993,329
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The theoretical investigation of the glass transition and its relation to jamming in hard sphere systems has made considerable progress in the last 30 years~\cite{SW84,SSW85,Sp98,CFP98,PZ10}. This has been possible mainly because of the powerful analogy between jammed states and inherent struc...
1,314,259,993,330
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum mechanics has taught us that wave nature and particle nature are two complementary aspects of the same entity \cite{bohr}. Whether we talk of massive particles or quanta of light, both can behave like particles and waves in different situations. Young's double-slit experiment carried out...
1,314,259,993,331
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $R$ be a commutative ring. For any small category $\cC$, a \emph{$\cC$-module} over $R$ is, by definition, a (covariant) functor from $\cC$ to the category of $R$-modules. A \emph{morphism} of $\cC$-modules over $R$ is, by definition, a natural transformation of functors. The category of ...
1,314,259,993,332
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The importance of multiobjective optimization problems in various applications in engineering, business and management can be hardly overstated. For a wide range of applications in engineering design see, for example, \cite{deb2001multi}. \noindent From a theoretical point of view, the idea of m...
1,314,259,993,333
arxiv
\section{Multiwavelength properties of PMN~J1326$-$5256} There is a strong connection between AGN exhibiting interstellar scintillation (ISS) and blazars that were detected at gamma ray energies with EGRET. Out of the 19 EGRET blazars observed in the MASIV 5~GHz VLA Survey \cite{Lovell03,Jauncey07}, 17 showed signifi...
1,314,259,993,334
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Filter bases generalise the familiar concept of a Schauder basis in a~Banach space in a~very natural way: let $\mathcal{F}$ be a filter of subsets of the natural numbers (a family of subsets that is closed with respect to finite intersections and is upwards-closed with respect to set inclusion; i...
1,314,259,993,335
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure} \centering \includegraphics[width=0.98\linewidth]{./pic/trade-off.pdf} \caption{Performance-efficiency trade-off on WIDER Face validation for different face detectors. The proposed ASFD outperforms a range of state-of-the-art methods.} \label{fig:trade_off} \end{fi...
1,314,259,993,336
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{int} While spectroscopic redshifts have now been measured for over one million galaxies, in recent years digital sky surveys have obtained multi-band imaging for of order a hundred million galaxies. Deep, wide-area surveys planned for the next decade will increase the number of galaxie...
1,314,259,993,337
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many aspects of superstring theory can be captured by studying its low energy supergravity effective action. The stringy effects, however, appear in higher-derivative and genus corrections to the supergravity. These corrections may be extracted from the most fundamental observables in the supers...
1,314,259,993,338
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} \cite{eberhart1995new} introduced the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) based on social interactions (behaviors of birds). Since then PSO has known a great popularity in many domains and gave birth to many variants of the original algorithm (see \citealt{zhang2015comprehen...
1,314,259,993,339
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As we know, affine hyperspheres are very special in the equiaffine differential geometry of hypersurfaces. In particular, if an affine hypersurface is of parallel Fubini-Pick form, then it must be an affine hypersphere (\cite{bok-nom-sim90}). If we only take account of the definition, affine h...
1,314,259,993,340
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Several decades of research into coherent atom-light interactions have precipitated a multifarious menagerie of optical phenomena for storing and manipulating light fields inside atomic ensembles \cite{fleischhauer_electromagnetically_2005,Hammerer:2010gsa}. In 2002 Andr\'e and Lukin proposed th...
1,314,259,993,341
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} \def5.\arabic{equation}{1.\arabic{equation}} \setcounter{equation}{0} Equivalence tests are nowadays frequently used in drug development to assess similarity of a test and a reference treatment at a controlled type I error. They are very popular in regulatory settings beca...
1,314,259,993,342
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Given $m\in \mathbb{N}_{\geq 2}$, let $\{\phi_{i}\}_{i=1}^{m}$ be an iterated function system of contractive similitudes on $\mathbb{R}$ defined as \begin{equation}\label{Hutchinson formula} \phi_{i}(x)=\lambda_{i}x+b_{i},\;\; i=1,\ldots ,m, \end{equation} where $0<|\lambda_{i}|<1$ and ...
1,314,259,993,343
arxiv
\section*{Priority 1: Make consent \emph{meaningful}~--~or abandon it}\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Priority 1: Make consent \emph{meaningful}~--~or abandon it} Although often claimed otherwise, the GDPR \emph{does not} require a broad implementation of `cookie banners'. EU and UK data protection principles have hard...
1,314,259,993,344
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have been the topic of extensive research in recent years because of their wide range of applications, flexibility of the design, and distinctive advantages in controlling light as well as numerous exclusive features, such as their large effective mode area, high n...
1,314,259,993,345
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s0} Throughout the whole history of humanity many brilliant thinkers studied problems related to the idea of infinity (see \cite{Cantor,Cohen,Conway,Godel,Hardy,Hilbert,Leibniz,Newton,Robinson} and references given therein). To emphasize importance of the subject it is suff...
1,314,259,993,346
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the standard three flavour framework, neutrino oscillation in which neutrinos change their flavour is described by six parameters: three mixing angles: $\theta_{12}$, $\theta_{13}$, $\theta_{23}$, two mass squared differences: $\Delta_{21}$ ($m_2^2 - m_1^2$), and $\Delta_{31}$ ($m_3^2 - m_1^2...
1,314,259,993,347
arxiv
\section{Details of the modules} \label{sec:appendixA} In the following, we generally define the collision rules only for one side, as the corresponding rules for the other side can be deduced by symetry. We give here the rules for all modules: first the modules for building and stopping the fractal tree, then...
1,314,259,993,348
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}} The electromagnetic decays of quarkonia through a single virtual photon have played an important r\^ole in the experimental and theoretical development of quarkonium physics. On the experimental side, the decays of charge-conjugation-odd quarkonium states to a lepton pair provide...
1,314,259,993,349
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s:intro} Inference about a target population based on sample data relies on the assumption that the sample is representative. However, simple random samples are often not available in real data problems. Therefore, there is a need to generalize inference from the available non-random samp...
1,314,259,993,350
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An interesting feature of a non $s$-wave Fermi condensate is that it may have plural superfluid phases, originating from active orbital and/or spin degrees of freedom. Indeed, this possibility has experimentally been confirmed in various Fermi superfluid systems, such as heavy fermion supercondu...
1,314,259,993,351
arxiv
\section{I Want to Believe...} \begin{itemize} \item That elementary particle physics will prosper for a 2nd century with laboratory experiments based on innovative particle sources. \item That a full range of new phenomena will be investigated: \begin{itemize} \item mass $\Rightarrow$ a 2nd $3 \times 3$ (or larger?) ...
1,314,259,993,352
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A brain computer interface (BCI) uses neurophysiological signals from the brain, e.g., electrocorticography (ECoG), electroencephalogram (EEG), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), to control external devices or computers \cite{1}. Among these signals, fMRI non-invasively measures...
1,314,259,993,353
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the development of the VLSI industry and the consequent scaling down of devices following Moore's law, transistor sizes have significantly decreased. As a result, supply voltages have also been reduced. Therefore, voltage regulators are needed, which output a fixed voltage despite varying ...
1,314,259,993,354
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Markov decision processes (MDPs) provide a class of stochastic optimisation models that have found wide applicability to problems in Operational Research. The standard methods for computing an optimal policy are based on value iteration, policy iteration and linear progra...
1,314,259,993,355
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Graph data structures are ubiquitous. There had been several advancements in graph processing techniques across several domains such as citation networks \cite{sen2008collective}, medicine \cite{anderson1992infectious}, and e-commerce \cite{choudhary2021self}. Recently, non-Euclidean geometries s...
1,314,259,993,356
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Optical transients which are spatially coincident or associated with elongated and extended sources have a high probability of being supernovae (SNe). Thus when searching for SNe, concentrating on high mass or intrinsically high luminosity galaxies can be a fruitful endeavour to o...
1,314,259,993,357
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Narrow resonance searches have long been a staple of experimental efforts to identify or constrain new physics beyond the standard model (BSM). Typically, the invariant mass of the system is measured and limits are placed on the production cross section times branching ...
1,314,259,993,358
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The main aim in proof complexity is to understand the complexity of theorem proving. Arguably, what is even more important is to establish techniques for lower bounds, and the recent history of computational complexity speaks volumes on how difficult it is to develop general low...
1,314,259,993,359
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Lifetime of localized surface plasmon (SP) in metal nanostructures is one of fundamental problems in plasmonics that has been continuously addressed for more than 40 years \cite{kawabata-jpsj66,kreibig-book}. The importance of this issue stems from one of the major objectives of plasmonics -- ge...
1,314,259,993,360
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The notion of relatively hyperbolic groups was introduced in \cite{Gro87} and has been studied by many authors (see for example \cite{Bow12}, \cite{D-S05}, \cite{Far98} and \cite{Osi06a}). In this paper we consider relatively hyperbolic groups in accordance with a definition due to D. Osin \ci...
1,314,259,993,361
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} The era of gravitational-wave (GW) astronomy has begun with the detection of the first GW signal GW150914 from the merger of binary black holes (BBHs) by the Advanced LIGO interferometers \cite{LIGOScientific:2016aoc}. More than ninety GW events \cite{LIGOScientific:2021djp} has...
1,314,259,993,362
arxiv
\section{Method\label{method:sec}} \include{results} \include{discussion} \section*{Acknowledgments} We warmly thank Peter Biermann, John Black, Ralf-J\"urgen Dettmar, Carmelo Evoli, Horst Fichtner, Philipp Graeser, Francis Halzen, Matthias Mandelartz, Florian Schuppan and Andy Strong for intensive and frui...