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1,941,325,218,588
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The idea of extra dimensions of space is conceptually intriguing and provides a rich framework for building models that go beyond the Standard Model (SM). One class of extra-dimensional theories, proposed by Appelquist, Cheng and Dobrescu \cite{PhysRevD.64.035002} in 2001, invo...
1,941,325,218,589
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Any classification problem can be solved in either a multi-class setup or an One-vs-All (OVA) setup \cite{bishop2006pattern}. While similar modeling architectures can be used for both the setups, certain inherent differences exist between them. Firstly, a multi-class modeling with $K$ classes yi...
1,941,325,218,590
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} The function of many animal organs strongly relies on the shape of the constituent epithelia. The foundations of the various organ forms are set in the early embryonic development, where the initially simple structures gain on complexity through different types of deformations incl...
1,941,325,218,591
arxiv
\section{ Introduction } Consider the following discrete linear Hamiltonian system:\vspace{-0.2cm} $$J\Delta y(t)=(P(t)+\lambda W(t))R(y)(t),\;\;t\in \mathcal{I}, \vspace{-0.2cm} \eqno (1.1_\lambda)$$ where $\mathcal{I}:=\{t\}_{t=a}^{+\infty}$ is an integer interval, $a$ is an ...
1,941,325,218,592
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \begin{figure} \vspace{0.05in} \centering \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{aerobat_flip_animation.pdf} \caption{The simulated upside-down perching maneuver of \textit{Aerobat}.} \label{fig:aerobat_flip} \vspace{-0.05in} \end{figure} The key hyp...
1,941,325,218,593
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Characterizations of the exponential distribution are abundant. Comprehensive surveys can be found in Ahsanullah and Hamedani \cite{AH10}, Arnold and Huang \cite{AH95}, and Johnson, Kotz, and Balakrishnan \cite{JKB94}. Recently, Arnold and Villasenor \cite{AV13} obtained a serie...
1,941,325,218,594
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The ability to extract new information from large data sets is one of the key steps in today's decision making processes. Such data sets are often represented as sets of points $X\subset \mathbb{R}^d$ in $d$-dimensional Euclidean space. In many settings, $X$ is already partitioned into clusters ...
1,941,325,218,595
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Nonequilibrium phenomena characterize the physics of many natural systems. Despite their ubiquity and importance, no general bottom-up approach exists yet capable of predicting nonequilibrium macroscopic behavior in terms of microscopic physics, in a way similar to equilibrium stati...
1,941,325,218,596
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Hilbert geometries, introduced by David Hilbert to illustrate the fourth of his twenty-three problems, are among the most simple and studied examples of Finsler geometries. They can be considered as a generalization of hyperbolic geometry in the context of metric geometry, and a general and now ...
1,941,325,218,597
arxiv
\section*{Overview}\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\protect\numberline{}\hspace{-0.9cm}Overview}} \newcommand{\textbf{\Huge{List of Algorithms}}}{\textbf{\Huge{List of Algorithms}}} \newlistof{Algorithm}{exp}{\textbf{\Huge{List of Algorithms}}} \newcounter{instructioncounter} \renewcommand{\theinstructioncounter}{\textb...
1,941,325,218,598
arxiv
\section*{Results} \begin{figure*}[t] \subfigure{\label{Fig1a} \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{Fig1a.pdf}} \subfigure{\label{Fig1b} \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{Fig1b.pdf}} \subfigure{\label{Fig1c} \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{Fig1c.pdf}} \caption{(a) Schematic representation of the t...
1,941,325,218,599
arxiv
\section{Introduction and preliminaries} In this paper, we study dense subsets of boundaries of CAT(0) groups. Definitions and basic properties of CAT(0) spaces and their boundaries are found in \cite{BH}. A {\it geometric} action on a CAT(0) space is an action by isometries which is proper (\cite[p.131]{BH}) and ...
1,941,325,218,600
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Fisher matrix has become widely spread in cosmology since it allows quick forecasts of parameter constraints in the limit of a Gaussian posterior likelihood. Recent works on the Fisher matrix extend the formalism also to errors in the independent variables \citep{GenFish} and to non-Gaussian...
1,941,325,218,601
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} Preparation and control of quantum many-body superpositions is a cornerstone of current efforts in quantum simulation and quantum computation~\cite{Cirac2012,Georgescu2014,DiCarlo2010,Bernien2017,Raimond2001}. In particular, quantum algorithms such as a quantum solver for linea...
1,941,325,218,602
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fast Radio Bursts (FRB) and Soft Gamma Repeaters (SGR) are rare and brief episodic events. Many authors \citep{PP07,PP13,Ku14,L14,Ku15,PC15,K16} have noted this similarity and have suggested that FRB and SGR may be associated. This paper considers the physical processes that may make FRB from th...
1,941,325,218,603
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The configuration $d^2d'$ has been observed in the excited spectra of some rather common atoms and ions. For instance, from the data of Sugar and Corliss (1985), Sc {\scriptsize I}, Ti {\scriptsize II}, V {\scriptsize III} and Cr {\scriptsize IV} all have excited levels with the configuration ...
1,941,325,218,604
arxiv
\section{Masked Noise Encoder} \label{sec:appendix-encoder} \paragraph{Ablation on noise random masking} We conduct an ablation study on the mask patch size $P$ and masking ratio $\rho$, shown in \cref{tab:gan-inversion-mask-ablation}. We observe that the patch size $P=4$ with a masking ratio $\rho= 25\%$ achieves th...
1,941,325,218,605
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Charge transport properties in conjugated polymers have attracted sustained attention from both academic and industrial researchers, since it was discovered in the 1970s that the electrical conductivity of trans-polyacetylene (PA) can be improved significantly by doping with strong electron accep...
1,941,325,218,606
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Randers metric is a Finsler metric which is defined as the sum of a Riemannian metric and a 1-form. It is an object that shows strong non-Riemannian characters. The history of Randers metric goes back to G.~Randers' research on general relativity \cite{MR0003371}. Since then it has been widely ...
1,941,325,218,607
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec_intro} The evaluation of eigenvectors of symmetric tridiagonal matrices is one of the most basic tasks in numerical linear algebra (see, for example, such classical texts as \cite{Dahlquist}, \cite{Francis}, \cite{Givens}, \cite{Golub}, \cite{Isaacson}, \cite{Kublanovskaya}, \cite{Pa...
1,941,325,218,608
arxiv
\section{Introduction} $\,\!$\indent Massive stars are key components of galaxies and one of the most important factors that determine their chemical and dynamical evolution. However our knowledge of them is still quite incomplete. Among massive stars multiplicity (both visual and spectroscopic) is very high \cite...
1,941,325,218,609
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} \enlargethispage{0.5cm} Theories with strong electroweak symmetry breaking are severely constrained by the electroweak precision observables measured at LEP, SLC and Tevatron. Large corrections to vector boson polarizations, especially those encoded by the Peskin-Takeuchi $S$ ...
1,941,325,218,610
arxiv
\section*{Important Note} This article is accompanied by the Maple package {\tt HANS}, downloadable from \\ \texttt{http://www.math.rutgers.edu/\~{}zeilberg/tokhniot/HANS} . \\ The ``front'' of this article, \\ \texttt{http://www.math.rutgers.edu/\~{}zeilberg/mamarim/mamarimhtml/hans.html}\\ contains lots of support...
1,941,325,218,611
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The complex behavior of models with rough energy landscapes (such as spin glasses, biopolymers, etc.) is an important but challenging problem. In many situations progress is possible only using computer simulations, but this too is a notoriously difficult problem. In order to ...
1,941,325,218,612
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Modern theories suggest that although the universe appears to have three spatial dimensions, there may in fact be more. As is well-known, if the extra dimensions are sufficiently small, they would escape observation. If the extra dimensional volume were large, however, a number of attractive fe...
1,941,325,218,613
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There is strong astronomical evidence for the existence of Dark Matter (DM) in the Universe [1-3]. DM is a concept whose physical meaning is currently unknown despite numerous theories that have attemped to explain it. The theories have postulated different particles [4-6] but so far none of...
1,941,325,218,614
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the limit the heavy quark mass going to infinity, a new $SU(2N_f)$ ($N_f$ is number of heavy flavors ) spin-flavor symmetry appears in QCD\cite{HQET}. As a consequence, this symmetry implies that all the form factors involved in the semi-leptonic decays of $B$ meson can be expressed by one sin...
1,941,325,218,615
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The widely used optical diagnostic diagrams (hereafter BPT diagrams) originally proposed by \cite{1981PASP...93....5B} and refined by \cite{1987ApJS...63..295V} are very useful for distinguishing among different ionization mechanisms in galaxies. The merits of these diagnostics are that only rat...
1,941,325,218,616
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} This research has been supported by grant No.~DEC-2011/02/A/ST1/00208 of National Science Centre of Poland.
1,941,325,218,617
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{R}{obust} visual tracking is a challenging problem due to the large changes of object appearance caused by pose, illumination, deformation, occlusion, distractors, as well as background clutters. Among the state-of-the-art methods, discriminative classifiers with model update and de...
1,941,325,218,618
arxiv
\subsection*{\centering Abstract} We study the renormalization of (softly) broken supersymmetric theories at the one loop level in detail. We perform this analysis in a superspace approach in which the supersymmetry breaking interactions are parameterized using spurion insertions. We comment on the uniqueness of this...
1,941,325,218,619
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the past thirty years monogenic functions with values in a Clifford algebra $\mathbb{R}_n$ have been successfully and intensively studied. The literature is very rich of results and the studies on the topic are ongoing. However, one disappointment about monogenic functions is that the identity...
1,941,325,218,620
arxiv
\section{Motivation and the Main Theorems We study geometries in the sense of Klein: a $(G,X)$ geometry is a Lie group $G$ acting transitively on a manifold $X$. The idea of continuously deforming one kind of geometry into another appears in many areas of mathematics and physics. For the most basic intuition, we ta...
1,941,325,218,621
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Numerical relativity has undergone a rapid development in the past few years. After the breakthrough of \cite{Pretorius:2005gq,Campanelli:2005dd, Baker:2006yw}, stable longterm simulations of binary black hole (BBH) systems are common practice, besides waveform modelling...
1,941,325,218,622
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Person re-identification (ReID) aims to match a specific person across multiple non-overlapping camera views. Due to its usefulness in security and surveillance systems, person ReID has been of great research interest in recent years. Existing ReID methods mainly treat visible images captured by...
1,941,325,218,623
arxiv
\section*{} \hspace*{\fill} LMU--TPW--97/10\\ \hspace*{\fill} hep-th/9704193 \\[3ex] \begin{center} \Large\bf Implications of a Dilaton in Gauge Theory and Cosmology \end{center} \vspace{2ex} \normalsize \rm \begin{center} {\bf Rainer Dick}\\[0.5ex] {\small\it Sektion Physik der Universit\"at M\"unchen\\ Theresienstr....
1,941,325,218,624
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{}\label{debut} This article is devoted to problems in Arakelov geometry motivated by classical results in the theory of vector bundles on a projective curve over a field. Notably we investigate the arithmetic analogue of the following: \begin{theo}\label{Thm:NS} Let $k$ be a fie...
1,941,325,218,625
arxiv
\section{Introduction} According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 1.3 million people die each year as a result of road traffic accidents \cite{r1}. A contributing factor towards this is the use of a handheld mobile devices while operating a motor vehicle. Drivers using a mobile phone are approxima...
1,941,325,218,626
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The existence of the top quark has recently been firmly established \cite{CDFD0}. Combining the measurements of the CDF and D0 experiments, the mass of the top quark is $m_t=179\pm 12$ GeV. Detailed studies of the properties of top quarks will be a main objective of experiments at present and fut...
1,941,325,218,627
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Model-Based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) \cite{polydoros2017survey} proved to be a promising strategy to overcome the challenges of delivering Reinforcement Learning (RL) \cite{sutton2018reinforcement} solutions to real-world problems. In fact, standard Model-Free RL algorithms usually require a...
1,941,325,218,628
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Light propagating in an optically thick sample is subject to multiple scattering. Although part of the propagation can be described by a diffusion equation neglecting interferences, wave effects can alter the distribution of scattered light. In particular, disorder in the sample may lead to an e...
1,941,325,218,629
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Jets of active galactic nuclei (AGN) are collimated outflows originated at the core of galaxies, very likely in the vicinity of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) that accretes matter from its environment \citep[e.g.][]{beg84}. Among the AGN population, the well-known morphological ...
1,941,325,218,630
arxiv
\section{\bigskip Introduction} In his elegant theory of adhesion of rough surfaces, Persson (2002) (see also Persson and Tosatti, 2001), in an attempt to justify some observations in Briggs \& Briscoe (1977), and Fuller \& Roberts (1981), postulate that an increase of adhesion may occur for the increase of surfa...
1,941,325,218,631
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nowadays, a lot of emphasis and efforts have been devoted to autonomous exploration and patrolling of dangerous and hazardous environments using robotic systems. In particular, a promising type of platform is represented by quadruped robots. Quadrupeds are becoming more and more interesting m...
1,941,325,218,632
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Formally verified compilers like CompCert~\cite{Compcert} and CakeML~\cite{CakeML} are success stories for proof assistants, helping close a trust gap for one of the most important categories of software infrastructure. A popular compiler cannot afford to stay still; developers ...
1,941,325,218,633
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The classical Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph can be thought of as a dynamic random graph process on the vertex set $[n]:=\set{1,2,\ldots, n}$, where one starts with the empty graph ${\bf 0}_n$ (the graph with $n$ vertices and no edges) and at each discrete time step chooses an...
1,941,325,218,634
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:int} Object detection is one of the fundamental problems in computer vision. It plays an important role in many real-world applications such as image retrieval, advanced driver assistance system and video surveillance. This problem is very difficult because the object appearances var...
1,941,325,218,635
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace{3mm} It is well known that dynamical symmetry breaking (DSB) and a mass (gap) generation for fermions usually require the presence of a strong attractive interaction \cite{Fomin} in order to break symmetry that makes the quantative study of DSB a difficult problem. Therefore, it is very...
1,941,325,218,636
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Among the Flat--Spectrum Radio Quasar (FSRQ) class of blazars, 3C 454.3 ($z=0.859$, Jackson \& Browne 1991) is one of the brightest and most variable sources. In April--May 2005 it underwent a dramatic optical outburst, reaching its historical maximum with $R=12.0$ (Villata et al. 2006). This ...
1,941,325,218,637
arxiv
\section{1.}{Introduction} It is expected that at very high energies physical processes become scale invariant. In fact, in such regime all masses involved in any physical process are small in comparison with the energies, and they can be put equal to zero. There is therefore, no fundamental mass setting the scale of ...
1,941,325,218,638
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Very recently, the LHCb Collaboration reported the observation of a tetraquark candidate $X(6900)$ with a configuration of $cc\bar{c}\bar{c}$ in the di-$J/\psi$ invariant mass spectrum~\cite{Aaij:2020fnh}. Its mass and width are about 6.9 GeV and 80$\sim$ 170 MeV, respectively. In addition to t...
1,941,325,218,639
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{introduction} \citet[][hereafter PB02]{pb02} recently found that the dwarf galaxies in the Local Group obey a puzzling correlation between mean metallicity and global dynamical mass-to-light ratio (M/L). By combining this relationship with the previously known trend of metallicity with c...
1,941,325,218,640
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \section{Introduction} In communication under strong asynchronism \cite{tchamkerten2009communication} the information of a bursty source must be transmitted across a given discrete memoryless channel. The situation is modeled as a length $n$ codeword sent at a random time within a time window ...
1,941,325,218,641
arxiv
\section{Introduction} All Banach spaces considered in this paper are infinite dimensional and over the reals. The density $dens(X)$ of a Banach space $X$ is the minimal cardinality of a norm dense subset of $X$. Other terminology and notation used in the introduction can be found in Section \ref{terminology}. \be...
1,941,325,218,642
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} \noindent Throughout this paper $A$ will be a finite subset of a (not necessarily finite) abelian group $G$. We define the sumset $A + A$ to be the collection of all sums $a + a'$, $a,a' \in A$. If $|A + A| = K|A|$ then we say that $A$ has \textit{doubling} $K$, and if $K$ is very sma...
1,941,325,218,643
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{I} Redshift drift (hereafter `RD') refers to the phenomena that redshift of cosmic objects is a function of time and was first proposed in \cite{sandage,vit}. In 1998 Loeb \cite{loeb} demonstrated a possible way to detect this effect by employing the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest and is known as S...
1,941,325,218,644
arxiv
\section{Introduction} When the core of a large star ($M \ge 8 M_{\odot}$) runs out of nuclear fuel, it collapses and forms a proto-neutron star with a central density well above the normal nuclear density (for a review of type-II supernova theory, see Ref.~\cite{Bethe}). The total energy released in the collapse, i.e...
1,941,325,218,645
arxiv
\section{ Introduction} In a photosynthetic organism, sunlight is absorbed in the light-harvesting complex (LHC) or antenna, by a light-sensitive (chlorophyll or carotenoid) molecule. This is the first step in transforming solar energy into electron energy in the form of the exciton. This exciton travels through ma...
1,941,325,218,646
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} One of the ultimate goals of high energy heavy ion physics is the formation and observation of a quark--gluon plasma (QGP) as predicted by QCD. A vigorous experimental program is under way and it is fair to say that this area is one of the most active fields of contemporary sub...
1,941,325,218,647
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} In the past decade, we have gathered the first perspicuous evidence that there exists a large population of ``fast radio bursts'' (FRBs) with a potentially extragalactic origin \citep[e.\,g.][]{LB,thornton13}. However, uncertainties remain as to the origins of FRBs, and despite t...
1,941,325,218,648
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Summary\label{sec:introduction}} Large Scale Structure (LSS) surveys are becoming larger and larger, and soon they will be able to probe cosmological modes whose length scale is comparable to the Hubble scale. General Relativistic effects scale as the ratio of the physical wavenumber $k/a$ an...
1,941,325,218,649
arxiv
\section{Introduction} {\bf Abstract.} The use of mathematical methods for the analysis of chemical reaction systems has a very long history, and involves many types of models: deterministic versus stochastic, continuous versus discrete, and homogeneous versus spatially distributed. Here we focus on mathematical mo...
1,941,325,218,650
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Nowadays models with extra space-time dimensions are widely discussed in the literature. A lot of problems are addressed with the help of such models, in particular, the hierarchy problem. In the latter case the most known models are the ADD scenario \cite{ADD,Ant} and the Randall-S...
1,941,325,218,651
arxiv
\section*{REFERENCES\markboth {REFERENCES}{REFERENCES}}\list {[\arabic{enumi}]}{\settowidth\labelwidth{[#1]}\leftmargin\labelwidth \advance\leftmargin\labelsep \usecounter{enumi}} \def\hskip .11em plus .33em minus -.07em{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus -.07em} \sloppy \sfcode`\.=1000\relax} \let\endthebibliography...
1,941,325,218,652
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} Supersymmetry (SUSY) is one of the forefront candidates for physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). Resolving the gauge hierarchy problem the Higgs boson mass is not too much sensitive to the ultraviolet scale. In addition, minimal supersymmetric version of the SM (MSSM) nicely...
1,941,325,218,653
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The sigma model approach to obtaining the effective action for the fields of the string has primarily been used for massless fields \cite{L,CDMP,AS1,FT1,CG} although it was shown very early that it could be used for the massive modes (including closed string tachyon \cite{DS}). In \cite{BSPT} t...
1,941,325,218,654
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{section:intro} Decades worth of hand-engineered domain knowledge has gone into current state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition (ASR) pipelines. A simple but powerful alternative solution is to train such ASR models end-to-end, using deep learning to replace most modules with a sing...
1,941,325,218,655
arxiv
\section{I. Introduction} \label{intro} The preparation of a system in a desired quantum state plays a crucial role in the advancement of quantum technologies \cite{acin2018quantum}, ranging from quantum computation and simulations \cite{PhysRevLett.87.037901, smith2013quantum, divincenzo2000physical, bloch2012quantum...
1,941,325,218,656
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Our cosmological model is built upon the assumptions that it is homogeneous and isotropic on large scale. The metric for such a cosmic model can be geometrically represented by the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric given by \begin{equation} ds^2 = -c^2 dt^2 + a^2(t) \left[ \frac{...
1,941,325,218,657
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The question of the possibility of the existence of a local realistic model for quantum predictions for pure entangled states has has found a negative answer. Namely, Gisin \cite{Gis1} proved that the only pure states of two-component system which do not violate the Bell-CHSH inequality are the p...
1,941,325,218,658
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Gravitational microlensing has become a useful tool in measuring the amount of matter along the line-of-sight to distant stars. Since gravitational lensing depends only on mass, microlensing is sensitive to all compact forms of matter independent of their luminosity. Thus measurements out of t...
1,941,325,218,659
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{section:introduction} \subsection{Historical background}\label{subsection:Historicalbackground} Let $(W,S)$ be a Coxeter system. A classical result of Tits (\cite{Tit69}) and, independently, Matsumoto (\cite{Mat64}), asserts that any two words on the alphabet $S$ representing the same gr...
1,941,325,218,660
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The experimental research with ultra-cold atomic gases in optical lattices is currently a very active and rapidly progressing field. This type of experiments offers the possibility of fully controlling many parameters, allowing the realization of a vast number of lattice models at low-temperatur...
1,941,325,218,661
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\setcounter{equation}{0} Phase separation is a universal process occurring in many materials systems, wherein an initially homogeneous mixed state decomposes into different phases. The dynamics of phase segregation process in a multicomponent system is usually simulated by the Cahn-Hilliard model...
1,941,325,218,662
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The composition and origin of extraterrestrial dust impacting Earth are varied. At large sizes, the many distinct classes of meteorites demonstrate directly that asteroidal parent bodies have experienced diverse evolutionary histories. The distinct populations of interplane...
1,941,325,218,663
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The $f(R)$-gravity (with $R$ representing the spacetime curvature scalar) is the standard theoretical tool in modern cosmology, being one of the simplest approaches to modified gravity capable of describing both cosmological inflation in the early universe and dark energy in the present universe...
1,941,325,218,664
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum field theory in curved spacetime is the theory of quantum fields propagating in a classical curved spacetime. Here the spacetime is described, in accord with general relativity, by a manifold, $M$, on which is defined a Lorentz metric, $g_{ab}$. In order to assure that classical dynami...
1,941,325,218,665
arxiv
\section{Proofs of Theorems} We first establish some notation. Let $\mathcal{V} = \{V: \S\to\mathbb{R}_{\geq 0}\mid V\ \text{is Lebesgue-measurable and bounded}\}$ denote the set of all concrete value functions and $\tilde{\mathcal{V}} = \{\tilde{V}:\tilde{\S}\to\mathbb{R}_{\geq 0}\}$ denote the set of all abstract va...
1,941,325,218,666
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The purpose of this work is to present a new quantitative versions of Helly's theorem; recall that the classical result asserts that if ${\mathcal F}=\{ F_i:i\in I\}$ is a finite family of at least $n+1$ convex sets in ${\mathbb R}^n$ and if any $n+1$ members of ${\mathcal F}$ have non-empty...
1,941,325,218,667
arxiv
\section{#1}} \renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}} \begin{document} \begin{titlepage} \vfill \begin{center} \baselineskip=16pt {\Large\bf Dirac Operator on Complex Manifolds and \break Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics} \vskip 0.3cm {\large {\sl }} \vskip 10.mm {...
1,941,325,218,668
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Several studies have investigated the interplay and evolution of the central supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies. Observations reveal that galaxies were undergoing significantly higher star formation rates (SFRs) in the past, with the star formation rate densit...
1,941,325,218,669
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The interplanetary medium has been, and continues to be, one of the most interesting plasmas to be studied both experimentally and theoretically. The main reasons are that the heliosphere is accessible to \emph{in-situ} measurements by spacecrafts, and that Earth-bound observations can be done...
1,941,325,218,670
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Hyperspectral image (HSI) collects hundreds of contiguous spectral representations of objects, which demonstrates advantages over conventional multispectral image (MSI) or RGB image with much less spectral information ~\cite{chakrabarti2011statistics,bioucas2012hyperspectral}. C...
1,941,325,218,671
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Smart energy control in low-dimensional nanoscale systems is of both theoretical and practical importance, rendering the emergence of Phononics \cite{N. B. Li}, where various functional thermal devices are designed for managing thermal energy and information at nanoscale. As is well known, acco...
1,941,325,218,672
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1 As usual, a \textit{semiflow} with phase space $X$ and with phase semigroup $T$ is understood as a pair $(T,X)$ where, unless specified otherwise, we assume that \begin{itemize} \item $X$ is a compact $\textrm{T}_2$-space, \textbf{not necessarily metrizable}, and $T$ a topological \t...
1,941,325,218,673
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The main objective of the present paper is to establish the finiteness or infiniteness of the number of eigenvalues for a family of $3 \times 3$ operator matrices ${\bf H}(K),$ $K \in {\Bbb T}^3:=(-\pi; \pi]^3$ and especially the asymptotics for the number of infinitely many eigenvalues (E...
1,941,325,218,674
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the most interesting open questions in high-energy physics is the determination of QCD phase structure at finite temperatures and baryon densities. While the first-principle lattice QCD simulations have established a smooth QCD chiral crossover transition at vanishing baryochemical potent...
1,941,325,218,675
arxiv
\setcounter{equation}{0{The Model}\label{sec:model} The gauge structure of the model is simply the direct product of of the technicolor and standard model gauge groups: $SU(N)_{TC}\times SU(3)_C \times SU(2)_W \times U(1)_Y$.\footnote{We will assume that $N=4$ in all the quantitative estimates below.} The technicolor ...
1,941,325,218,676
arxiv
\subsubsection{5pt}{4pt plus 4pt minus 2pt}{5pt plus 2pt minus 2pt} \bibliographystyle{plain} \newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section] \newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma} \newtheorem{claim}[theorem]{Claim} \newtheorem{corollary}[theorem]{Corollary} \newtheorem{definition}{Definition}[section] \newtheorem{conjecture}{Conj...
1,941,325,218,677
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nowadays, mobile phones became an important part of our daily life. The increasing quality and quantity of cell phones has made them the most personal and essential communication devices today. According to \cite{sarker2018MobileDataScience}, users' interest on mobile phones is growing day-by-da...
1,941,325,218,678
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:Intro}Introduction} Electromagnetic (EM) wave transmission through apertures in perfect metal screens has been the subject of multiple studies. For a long time, up to the middle of XX century, theoretical treatments of diffraction by either opaque or metal bodies based on the Kirchhoff approach. Th...
1,941,325,218,679
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As well known, that the accelerated expansion of the Universe is successfully described by the $\Lambda CDM$ model. However, the nature of the $\Lambda$-term is unclear and the physical interpretation of this constant led us to the famous problem of $120$ orders \cite{{Sahni},{Padma}}. For t...
1,941,325,218,680
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In its general form, the problem of the theory of figures is to find the external gravitational potential of a liquid planet in hydrostatic equilibrium, rotating at a uniform rate $\omega$, and obeying a specified barotropic relationship for the dependence of pressure $P$ on mass density $\rho$....
1,941,325,218,681
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} The internal space-time symmetries of massive and massless particles are dictated by the little groups of the Poincar\'e group which are isomorphic to the three-dimensional rotation group and the two-dimensional Euclidean group respectively~\cite{ref1}. The little group is the maxim...
1,941,325,218,682
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction} Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is one of the crucial issues in the spintronics research field from the viewpoints of thermal stability enhancement and high-density storage technology with the low current magnetization switching. Until now, tremendous efforts have bee...
1,941,325,218,683
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The service robot sector is continuing to grow at a strong pace, with an expected 22.6\% cumulative average growth rate from 2020 to 2025~\cite{service_robots}. As these robots move from industrial applications to adoption in public facing and residential use, they are incr...
1,941,325,218,684
arxiv
\section{Kategorischer Imperativ} To discuss actually the nature of the putative nonet of the light scalar mesons: the putative $f_0(600)$ (or $\sigma (600)$) and $\kappa (700-900)$ mesons and the well established $f_0(980)$ and $a_0(980)$ mesons, one should explain not only their mass spectrum, particularly th...
1,941,325,218,685
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A hyperk\"ahler manifold is a simply connected compact K\"ahler manifold with a unique non-degenerate $2$-form (up to scaling). Hyperk\"ahler manifolds are always even-dimensional with trivial canonical bundle. In this paper we study their moduli spaces. Two-dimensional hyperk\"ahler manifold...
1,941,325,218,686
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Andreev reflection experiments across normal conductor (N) and superconductor (SC) junctions represent an useful technique to explore various interesting physical properties like spin polarization of ferromagnets, gap anisotropy of superconductors, etc. Several mechanisms are involved in curr...
1,941,325,218,687
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As a well-known fact that two-wayness and alternation do not help to recognize a nonregular language for constant space Turing machines (finite state automata) \cite{Sze94}. When formally defined first time \cite{Rab63}, one--way probabilistic finite automata (PFAs) were also shown to recognize ...