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1,941,325,218,588 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The idea of extra dimensions of space is conceptually intriguing and provides
a rich framework for building models that go beyond the Standard Model (SM).
One class of extra-dimensional theories, proposed by Appelquist, Cheng and
Dobrescu \cite{PhysRevD.64.035002} in 2001, invo... |
1,941,325,218,589 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Any classification problem can be solved in either a multi-class setup or an One-vs-All (OVA) setup \cite{bishop2006pattern}.
While similar modeling architectures can be used for both the setups, certain inherent differences exist between them.
Firstly, a multi-class modeling with $K$ classes yi... |
1,941,325,218,590 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:1}
The function of many animal organs strongly relies on the shape of the constituent epithelia. The foundations of the various organ forms are set in the early embryonic development, where the initially simple structures gain on complexity through different types of deformations incl... |
1,941,325,218,591 | arxiv | \section{ Introduction }
Consider the following discrete linear Hamiltonian system:\vspace{-0.2cm}
$$J\Delta y(t)=(P(t)+\lambda W(t))R(y)(t),\;\;t\in \mathcal{I}, \vspace{-0.2cm} \eqno (1.1_\lambda)$$
where $\mathcal{I}:=\{t\}_{t=a}^{+\infty}$ is an integer interval, $a$ is an ... |
1,941,325,218,592 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\begin{figure}
\vspace{0.05in}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{aerobat_flip_animation.pdf}
\caption{The simulated upside-down perching maneuver of \textit{Aerobat}.}
\label{fig:aerobat_flip}
\vspace{-0.05in}
\end{figure}
The key hyp... |
1,941,325,218,593 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Characterizations of the exponential distribution are abundant. Comprehensive surveys can be found in Ahsanullah and Hamedani \cite{AH10}, Arnold and Huang \cite{AH95}, and Johnson, Kotz, and Balakrishnan \cite{JKB94}. Recently, Arnold and Villasenor \cite{AV13} obtained a serie... |
1,941,325,218,594 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The ability to extract new information from large data sets is one of the key steps in today's decision making processes. Such data sets are often represented as sets of points $X\subset \mathbb{R}^d$ in $d$-dimensional Euclidean space. In many settings, $X$ is already partitioned into clusters ... |
1,941,325,218,595 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Nonequilibrium phenomena characterize the physics of many natural systems. Despite their ubiquity and importance, no general bottom-up approach exists yet capable of predicting nonequilibrium macroscopic behavior in terms of microscopic physics, in a way similar to equilibrium stati... |
1,941,325,218,596 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Hilbert geometries, introduced by David Hilbert to illustrate the fourth of his twenty-three problems, are among the most simple and studied examples of Finsler geometries. They can be considered as a generalization of hyperbolic geometry in the context of metric geometry, and a general and now ... |
1,941,325,218,597 | arxiv | \section*{Overview}\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\protect\numberline{}\hspace{-0.9cm}Overview}}
\newcommand{\textbf{\Huge{List of Algorithms}}}{\textbf{\Huge{List of Algorithms}}}
\newlistof{Algorithm}{exp}{\textbf{\Huge{List of Algorithms}}}
\newcounter{instructioncounter}
\renewcommand{\theinstructioncounter}{\textb... |
1,941,325,218,598 | arxiv | \section*{Results}
\begin{figure*}[t]
\subfigure{\label{Fig1a}
\includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{Fig1a.pdf}}
\subfigure{\label{Fig1b}
\includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{Fig1b.pdf}}
\subfigure{\label{Fig1c}
\includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{Fig1c.pdf}}
\caption{(a) Schematic representation of the t... |
1,941,325,218,599 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and preliminaries}
In this paper,
we study dense subsets of boundaries of CAT(0) groups.
Definitions and basic properties of CAT(0) spaces and their boundaries
are found in \cite{BH}.
A {\it geometric} action on a CAT(0) space
is an action by isometries which is proper (\cite[p.131]{BH})
and ... |
1,941,325,218,600 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Fisher matrix has become widely spread in cosmology since it allows
quick forecasts of parameter constraints in the limit of a Gaussian
posterior likelihood. Recent works on the Fisher matrix extend the
formalism also to errors in the independent variables \citep{GenFish}
and to non-Gaussian... |
1,941,325,218,601 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
Preparation and control of quantum many-body superpositions is a cornerstone of current efforts in quantum simulation and quantum computation~\cite{Cirac2012,Georgescu2014,DiCarlo2010,Bernien2017,Raimond2001}. In particular, quantum algorithms such as a quantum solver for linea... |
1,941,325,218,602 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Fast Radio Bursts (FRB) and Soft Gamma Repeaters (SGR) are rare and brief
episodic events. Many authors \citep{PP07,PP13,Ku14,L14,Ku15,PC15,K16} have
noted this similarity and have suggested that FRB and SGR may be associated.
This paper considers the physical processes that may make FRB from th... |
1,941,325,218,603 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The configuration $d^2d'$ has been observed in the excited spectra of some
rather common atoms and ions. For instance, from the data of Sugar and
Corliss (1985), Sc {\scriptsize I}, Ti {\scriptsize II}, V {\scriptsize III}
and Cr {\scriptsize IV} all have excited levels with the configuration
... |
1,941,325,218,604 | arxiv | \section{Masked Noise Encoder} \label{sec:appendix-encoder}
\paragraph{Ablation on noise random masking}
We conduct an ablation study on the mask patch size $P$ and masking ratio $\rho$, shown in \cref{tab:gan-inversion-mask-ablation}. We observe that the patch size $P=4$ with a masking ratio $\rho= 25\%$ achieves th... |
1,941,325,218,605 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Charge transport properties in conjugated polymers have attracted sustained attention from both academic and industrial researchers, since it was discovered in the 1970s that the electrical conductivity
of trans-polyacetylene (PA) can be improved significantly
by doping with strong electron accep... |
1,941,325,218,606 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Randers metric is a Finsler metric which is defined as
the sum of a Riemannian metric and a 1-form. It is an object that shows strong non-Riemannian characters. The history of Randers metric goes back to G.~Randers' research on general relativity \cite{MR0003371}. Since then it has been widely ... |
1,941,325,218,607 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec_intro}
The evaluation of eigenvectors of symmetric tridiagonal matrices
is one of the most basic tasks in numerical linear algebra
(see, for example, such classical texts as
\cite{Dahlquist}, \cite{Francis}, \cite{Givens}, \cite{Golub},
\cite{Isaacson}, \cite{Kublanovskaya},
\cite{Pa... |
1,941,325,218,608 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
$\,\!$\indent Massive stars are key components of galaxies and one of the most important factors that determine their chemical and
dynamical evolution. However our knowledge of them is still quite incomplete. Among massive stars multiplicity (both visual and
spectroscopic) is very high \cite... |
1,941,325,218,609 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
\enlargethispage{0.5cm}
Theories with strong electroweak symmetry breaking are severely constrained by the electroweak precision observables measured at LEP, SLC and Tevatron.
Large corrections to vector boson polarizations, especially those encoded by the Peskin-Takeuchi $S$ ... |
1,941,325,218,610 | arxiv | \section*{Important Note} This article is accompanied by the Maple package {\tt HANS}, downloadable from \\
\texttt{http://www.math.rutgers.edu/\~{}zeilberg/tokhniot/HANS} . \\
The ``front'' of this article, \\
\texttt{http://www.math.rutgers.edu/\~{}zeilberg/mamarim/mamarimhtml/hans.html}\\
contains lots of support... |
1,941,325,218,611 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The complex behavior of models with rough energy landscapes (such as
spin glasses, biopolymers, etc.) is an important but challenging
problem. In many situations progress is possible only using computer
simulations, but this too is a notoriously difficult problem. In
order to ... |
1,941,325,218,612 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Modern theories suggest that although the universe
appears to have three spatial dimensions, there may in fact be more.
As is well-known, if the extra dimensions are sufficiently small, they would escape observation. If the extra dimensional volume
were large, however, a number of attractive fe... |
1,941,325,218,613 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There is strong astronomical evidence for the existence of Dark Matter
(DM) in the Universe [1-3]. DM is a concept whose physical meaning
is currently unknown despite numerous theories that have attemped to
explain it. The theories have postulated different particles [4-6] but so
far none of... |
1,941,325,218,614 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the limit the heavy quark mass going to infinity, a new $SU(2N_f)$ ($N_f$
is number of heavy flavors ) spin-flavor symmetry appears in QCD\cite{HQET}.
As a
consequence, this symmetry implies that all the form factors involved in the
semi-leptonic decays of $B$ meson can be expressed by one sin... |
1,941,325,218,615 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The widely used optical diagnostic diagrams (hereafter BPT diagrams) originally proposed by \cite{1981PASP...93....5B} and refined by \cite{1987ApJS...63..295V} are very useful for distinguishing among different ionization mechanisms in galaxies. The merits of these diagnostics are that only rat... |
1,941,325,218,616 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
This
research has been supported by grant No.~DEC-2011/02/A/ST1/00208 of
National Science Centre of Poland.
|
1,941,325,218,617 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{R}{obust} visual tracking is a challenging problem
due to the large changes of object appearance caused by pose, illumination, deformation, occlusion,
distractors, as well as background clutters.
Among the state-of-the-art methods, discriminative classifiers with model update and
de... |
1,941,325,218,618 | arxiv | \subsection*{\centering Abstract}
We study the renormalization of (softly) broken supersymmetric
theories at the one loop level in detail. We perform this analysis in a
superspace approach in which the supersymmetry breaking interactions
are parameterized using spurion insertions. We comment on the
uniqueness of this... |
1,941,325,218,619 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the past thirty years monogenic functions with values in a Clifford algebra $\mathbb{R}_n$
have been successfully and intensively studied.
The literature is very rich of results and the studies on the topic are ongoing.
However, one disappointment about monogenic functions is that the identity... |
1,941,325,218,620 | arxiv | \section{Motivation and the Main Theorems
We study geometries in the sense of Klein: a $(G,X)$ geometry is a Lie group $G$ acting transitively on a manifold $X$. The idea of continuously deforming one kind of geometry into another appears in many areas of mathematics and physics. For the most basic intuition, we ta... |
1,941,325,218,621 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Numerical relativity has undergone a rapid development in the past few years. After the breakthrough of \cite{Pretorius:2005gq,Campanelli:2005dd, Baker:2006yw}, stable longterm simulations of binary black hole (BBH) systems are common practice, besides waveform modelling... |
1,941,325,218,622 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Person re-identification (ReID) aims to match a specific person across multiple non-overlapping camera views. Due to its usefulness in security and surveillance systems, person ReID has been of great research interest in recent years. Existing ReID methods mainly treat visible images captured by... |
1,941,325,218,623 | arxiv | \section*{}
\hspace*{\fill} LMU--TPW--97/10\\
\hspace*{\fill} hep-th/9704193 \\[3ex]
\begin{center}
\Large\bf
Implications of a Dilaton in Gauge Theory and Cosmology
\end{center}
\vspace{2ex}
\normalsize \rm
\begin{center}
{\bf Rainer Dick}\\[0.5ex] {\small\it
Sektion Physik der Universit\"at M\"unchen\\
Theresienstr.... |
1,941,325,218,624 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{}\label{debut} This article is devoted to problems in Arakelov geometry motivated by classical results in the theory of vector bundles on a projective curve over a field.
Notably we investigate the arithmetic analogue of the following:
\begin{theo}\label{Thm:NS} Let $k$ be a fie... |
1,941,325,218,625 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 1.3 million people die each year as a result of road traffic accidents \cite{r1}. A contributing factor towards this is the use of a handheld mobile devices while operating a motor vehicle. Drivers using a mobile phone are approxima... |
1,941,325,218,626 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The existence of the top quark has recently been firmly established
\cite{CDFD0}. Combining the measurements of the CDF and D0 experiments,
the mass
of the top quark is $m_t=179\pm 12$ GeV. Detailed studies of the properties
of top quarks will be a main objective of experiments at present and fut... |
1,941,325,218,627 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Model-Based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) \cite{polydoros2017survey} proved to be a promising strategy to overcome the challenges of delivering Reinforcement Learning (RL) \cite{sutton2018reinforcement} solutions to real-world problems. In fact, standard Model-Free RL algorithms usually require a... |
1,941,325,218,628 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Light propagating in an optically thick sample is subject to multiple scattering. Although part of the propagation can be described by a diffusion equation neglecting interferences, wave effects can alter the distribution of scattered light. In particular, disorder in the sample may lead to an e... |
1,941,325,218,629 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{intro}
Jets of active galactic nuclei (AGN) are collimated outflows originated at the core of galaxies, very likely in the vicinity of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) that accretes matter from its environment \citep[e.g.][]{beg84}. Among the AGN population, the well-known morphological ... |
1,941,325,218,630 | arxiv | \section{\bigskip Introduction}
In his elegant theory of adhesion of rough surfaces, Persson (2002) (see also
Persson and Tosatti, 2001), in an attempt to justify some observations in
Briggs \& Briscoe (1977), and Fuller \& Roberts (1981), postulate that an
increase of adhesion may occur for the increase of surfa... |
1,941,325,218,631 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Nowadays, a lot of emphasis and efforts have been devoted to autonomous
exploration and patrolling of dangerous and hazardous environments using robotic systems.
In particular, a promising type of platform is represented by quadruped robots.
Quadrupeds are becoming more and more interesting m... |
1,941,325,218,632 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Formally verified compilers like CompCert~\cite{Compcert} and CakeML~\cite{CakeML} are success stories for proof assistants, helping close a trust gap for one of the most important categories of software infrastructure.
A popular compiler cannot afford to stay still; developers ... |
1,941,325,218,633 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The classical Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph can be thought of as a dynamic random graph process on the vertex set $[n]:=\set{1,2,\ldots, n}$, where one starts with the empty graph ${\bf 0}_n$ (the graph with $n$ vertices and no edges) and at each discrete time step chooses an... |
1,941,325,218,634 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:int}
Object detection is one of the fundamental problems in computer vision. It plays an important role in many real-world applications such as image retrieval, advanced driver assistance system and video surveillance. This problem is very difficult because the object appearances var... |
1,941,325,218,635 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{3mm}
It is well known that dynamical symmetry breaking (DSB) and a mass (gap)
generation for fermions usually require the presence of a strong attractive
interaction \cite{Fomin} in order to break symmetry that makes the quantative
study of DSB a difficult problem. Therefore, it is very... |
1,941,325,218,636 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Among the Flat--Spectrum Radio Quasar (FSRQ) class of blazars,
3C 454.3 ($z=0.859$, Jackson \& Browne 1991)
is one of the brightest and most variable sources.
In April--May 2005 it underwent a dramatic optical outburst, reaching
its historical maximum with $R=12.0$ (Villata et al. 2006).
This ... |
1,941,325,218,637 | arxiv | \section{1.}{Introduction}
It is expected that at very high energies physical processes become scale
invariant. In fact, in such regime all masses involved in any physical
process are small in comparison with the energies, and they can be put equal
to zero. There is therefore, no fundamental mass setting the scale of
... |
1,941,325,218,638 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Very recently, the LHCb Collaboration reported the observation of a tetraquark candidate $X(6900)$ with a configuration of $cc\bar{c}\bar{c}$ in the di-$J/\psi$ invariant mass spectrum~\cite{Aaij:2020fnh}. Its mass and width are about 6.9 GeV and 80$\sim$ 170 MeV, respectively. In addition to t... |
1,941,325,218,639 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{introduction}
\citet[][hereafter PB02]{pb02} recently found that the dwarf galaxies
in the Local Group obey a puzzling correlation between mean
metallicity and global dynamical mass-to-light ratio (M/L). By
combining this relationship with the previously known trend of
metallicity with c... |
1,941,325,218,640 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\section{Introduction}
In communication under strong asynchronism \cite{tchamkerten2009communication} the information of a bursty source must be transmitted across a given discrete memoryless channel. The situation is modeled as a length $n$ codeword sent at a random time within a time window ... |
1,941,325,218,641 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
All Banach spaces considered in this paper are infinite dimensional and over the reals.
The density $dens(X)$ of a Banach space $X$ is the minimal cardinality of a norm dense subset
of $X$. Other terminology and notation used in the introduction can be found in Section \ref{terminology}.
\be... |
1,941,325,218,642 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1} \noindent
Throughout this paper $A$ will be a finite subset of a (not necessarily finite) abelian group $G$. We define the sumset $A + A$ to be the collection of all sums $a + a'$, $a,a' \in A$. If $|A + A| = K|A|$ then we say that $A$ has \textit{doubling} $K$, and if $K$ is very sma... |
1,941,325,218,643 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{I}
Redshift drift (hereafter `RD') refers to the phenomena that redshift of cosmic objects is a function of time and was first proposed in \cite{sandage,vit}. In 1998 Loeb \cite{loeb} demonstrated a possible way to detect this effect by employing the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest and is known as S... |
1,941,325,218,644 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
When the core of a large star ($M \ge 8 M_{\odot}$) runs out of
nuclear fuel, it collapses and forms a proto-neutron star with a
central density well above the normal nuclear density (for a review of
type-II supernova theory, see Ref.~\cite{Bethe}). The total energy
released in the collapse, i.e... |
1,941,325,218,645 | arxiv | \section{ Introduction}
In a photosynthetic organism, sunlight is absorbed in the light-harvesting complex (LHC) or antenna, by a light-sensitive (chlorophyll or carotenoid) molecule. This is the first step in transforming solar energy into electron energy in the form of the exciton. This exciton travels through ma... |
1,941,325,218,646 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
One of the ultimate goals of high energy heavy ion physics
is the formation and observation of a quark--gluon plasma (QGP)
as predicted by QCD. A vigorous experimental program
is under way and it is
fair to say that this area is one of the most active fields of contemporary
sub... |
1,941,325,218,647 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
In the past decade, we have gathered the first perspicuous evidence that there exists a large population of ``fast radio bursts'' (FRBs) with a potentially extragalactic origin \citep[e.\,g.][]{LB,thornton13}.
However, uncertainties remain as to the origins of FRBs, and despite t... |
1,941,325,218,648 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Summary\label{sec:introduction}}
Large Scale Structure (LSS) surveys are becoming larger and larger, and soon
they will be able to probe cosmological modes whose length scale is comparable
to the Hubble scale. General Relativistic effects scale as the ratio of the
physical wavenumber $k/a$ an... |
1,941,325,218,649 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
{\bf Abstract.} The use of mathematical methods for the analysis of chemical reaction systems has a very long history, and involves many types of models: deterministic versus stochastic, continuous versus discrete, and homogeneous versus spatially distributed. Here we focus on mathematical mo... |
1,941,325,218,650 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro} Nowadays models with extra space-time dimensions are
widely discussed in the literature. A lot of problems are
addressed with the help of such models, in particular, the
hierarchy problem. In the latter case the most known models are
the ADD scenario \cite{ADD,Ant} and the Randall-S... |
1,941,325,218,651 | arxiv | \section*{REFERENCES\markboth
{REFERENCES}{REFERENCES}}\list
{[\arabic{enumi}]}{\settowidth\labelwidth{[#1]}\leftmargin\labelwidth
\advance\leftmargin\labelsep
\usecounter{enumi}}
\def\hskip .11em plus .33em minus -.07em{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus -.07em}
\sloppy
\sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
\let\endthebibliography... |
1,941,325,218,652 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
Supersymmetry (SUSY) is one of the forefront candidates for physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). Resolving the gauge hierarchy problem the Higgs boson mass is not too much sensitive to the ultraviolet scale. In addition, minimal supersymmetric version of the SM (MSSM) nicely... |
1,941,325,218,653 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The sigma model approach to obtaining the effective action for the fields of the string has primarily been used for massless fields \cite{L,CDMP,AS1,FT1,CG} although it was shown very early that it could be used for the massive modes (including closed string tachyon \cite{DS}). In \cite{BSPT} t... |
1,941,325,218,654 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{section:intro}
Decades worth of hand-engineered domain knowledge has gone into current state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition (ASR) pipelines. A simple but powerful alternative solution is to train such ASR models end-to-end, using deep learning to replace most modules with a sing... |
1,941,325,218,655 | arxiv | \section{I. Introduction} \label{intro}
The preparation of a system in a desired quantum state plays a crucial role in the advancement of quantum technologies \cite{acin2018quantum}, ranging from quantum computation and simulations \cite{PhysRevLett.87.037901, smith2013quantum, divincenzo2000physical, bloch2012quantum... |
1,941,325,218,656 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Our cosmological model is built upon the assumptions that it is homogeneous and isotropic on large scale. The metric for such a cosmic model can be geometrically represented by the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric given by
\begin{equation}
ds^2 = -c^2 dt^2 + a^2(t) \left[ \frac{... |
1,941,325,218,657 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The question of the possibility of the existence of a local realistic model
for quantum predictions for pure entangled
states has has found a negative answer.
Namely,
Gisin \cite{Gis1} proved
that the only pure states of two-component system which do not violate the
Bell-CHSH inequality are the p... |
1,941,325,218,658 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Gravitational microlensing has become a useful tool in measuring the amount
of matter along the line-of-sight to distant stars.
Since gravitational lensing depends only on mass, microlensing
is sensitive to all compact forms of matter independent of their luminosity.
Thus measurements out of t... |
1,941,325,218,659 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{section:introduction}
\subsection{Historical background}\label{subsection:Historicalbackground}
Let $(W,S)$ be a Coxeter system. A classical result of Tits (\cite{Tit69}) and, independently, Matsumoto (\cite{Mat64}), asserts that any two words on the alphabet $S$ representing the same gr... |
1,941,325,218,660 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The experimental research with ultra-cold atomic gases in optical lattices is currently a very active and rapidly
progressing field. This type of experiments offers the possibility of fully controlling many parameters, allowing the
realization of a vast number of lattice models at low-temperatur... |
1,941,325,218,661 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\setcounter{equation}{0}
Phase separation is a universal process occurring in many materials systems, wherein an initially homogeneous mixed state decomposes into different phases. The dynamics of phase segregation process in a multicomponent system is usually simulated by the Cahn-Hilliard model... |
1,941,325,218,662 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The composition and origin of extraterrestrial dust impacting Earth are varied. At large sizes, the many distinct classes of meteorites demonstrate directly that asteroidal parent bodies have experienced diverse evolutionary histories. The distinct populations of interplane... |
1,941,325,218,663 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The $f(R)$-gravity (with $R$ representing the spacetime curvature scalar) is the standard theoretical tool in modern cosmology, being one of the simplest approaches to modified gravity capable of
describing both cosmological inflation in the early universe and dark energy in the present universe... |
1,941,325,218,664 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum field theory in curved spacetime is the theory of quantum
fields propagating in a classical curved spacetime.
Here the spacetime
is described, in accord with general relativity, by a manifold, $M$,
on which is defined a Lorentz metric, $g_{ab}$. In order to assure
that classical dynami... |
1,941,325,218,665 | arxiv |
\section{Proofs of Theorems}
We first establish some notation. Let $\mathcal{V} = \{V: \S\to\mathbb{R}_{\geq 0}\mid V\ \text{is Lebesgue-measurable and bounded}\}$ denote the set of all concrete value functions and $\tilde{\mathcal{V}} = \{\tilde{V}:\tilde{\S}\to\mathbb{R}_{\geq 0}\}$ denote the set of all abstract va... |
1,941,325,218,666 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The purpose of this work is to present a new quantitative versions of Helly's theorem; recall that the classical
result asserts that if ${\mathcal F}=\{ F_i:i\in I\}$ is a finite family of at least $n+1$ convex sets in ${\mathbb R}^n$
and if any $n+1$ members of ${\mathcal F}$ have non-empty... |
1,941,325,218,667 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}}
\begin{document}
\begin{titlepage}
\vfill
\begin{center}
\baselineskip=16pt {\Large\bf Dirac Operator on Complex Manifolds
and \break
Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics}
\vskip 0.3cm
{\large {\sl }}
\vskip 10.mm
{... |
1,941,325,218,668 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Several studies have investigated the interplay and evolution of the central supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies. Observations reveal that galaxies were undergoing significantly higher star formation rates (SFRs) in the past, with the star formation rate densit... |
1,941,325,218,669 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The interplanetary medium has been, and continues to be, one of the most interesting plasmas to be studied both experimentally and theoretically. The main reasons are that the heliosphere is accessible to \emph{in-situ} measurements by spacecrafts, and that Earth-bound observations can be done... |
1,941,325,218,670 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Hyperspectral image (HSI) collects hundreds of contiguous spectral representations of objects, which demonstrates advantages over conventional multispectral image (MSI) or RGB image with much less spectral information ~\cite{chakrabarti2011statistics,bioucas2012hyperspectral}. C... |
1,941,325,218,671 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Smart energy control in low-dimensional nanoscale systems is of both theoretical and practical importance, rendering the emergence of Phononics \cite{N. B. Li}, where various functional thermal devices are designed for managing thermal energy and information at nanoscale. As is well known, acco... |
1,941,325,218,672 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1
As usual, a \textit{semiflow} with phase space $X$ and with phase semigroup $T$ is understood as a pair $(T,X)$ where, unless specified otherwise, we assume that
\begin{itemize}
\item $X$ is a compact $\textrm{T}_2$-space, \textbf{not necessarily metrizable}, and $T$ a topological \t... |
1,941,325,218,673 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The main objective of the present paper is to establish the
finiteness or infiniteness of the number of eigenvalues for a
family of $3 \times 3$ operator matrices ${\bf H}(K),$ $K \in
{\Bbb T}^3:=(-\pi; \pi]^3$ and especially the asymptotics for the
number of infinitely many eigenvalues (E... |
1,941,325,218,674 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the most interesting open questions in high-energy physics is the determination of QCD phase structure at finite temperatures and baryon densities.
While the first-principle lattice QCD simulations have established a smooth QCD chiral crossover transition at vanishing baryochemical potent... |
1,941,325,218,675 | arxiv | \setcounter{equation}{0{The Model}\label{sec:model}
The gauge structure of the model is simply the direct product of
of the technicolor and standard model gauge groups:
$SU(N)_{TC}\times SU(3)_C \times SU(2)_W \times U(1)_Y$.\footnote{We will
assume that $N=4$ in all the quantitative estimates below.}
The technicolor ... |
1,941,325,218,676 | arxiv | \subsubsection{5pt}{4pt plus 4pt minus 2pt}{5pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}
\bibliographystyle{plain}
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section]
\newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma}
\newtheorem{claim}[theorem]{Claim}
\newtheorem{corollary}[theorem]{Corollary}
\newtheorem{definition}{Definition}[section]
\newtheorem{conjecture}{Conj... |
1,941,325,218,677 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Nowadays, mobile phones became an important part of our daily life. The increasing quality and quantity of cell phones has made them the most personal and essential communication devices today. According to \cite{sarker2018MobileDataScience}, users' interest on mobile phones is growing day-by-da... |
1,941,325,218,678 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Intro}Introduction}
Electromagnetic (EM) wave transmission through apertures in perfect metal screens has been the subject of multiple
studies. For a long time, up to the middle of XX century, theoretical treatments of diffraction by either opaque or
metal bodies based on the Kirchhoff approach. Th... |
1,941,325,218,679 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As well known, that the accelerated expansion of the Universe is
successfully described by the $\Lambda CDM$ model. However, the
nature of the $\Lambda$-term is unclear and the physical
interpretation of this constant led us to the famous problem of
$120$ orders \cite{{Sahni},{Padma}}. For t... |
1,941,325,218,680 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In its general form, the problem of the theory of figures is to find the external
gravitational potential of a liquid planet in hydrostatic equilibrium, rotating at
a uniform rate $\omega$, and obeying a specified
barotropic relationship for the dependence of pressure $P$
on mass density $\rho$.... |
1,941,325,218,681 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
The internal space-time symmetries of massive and massless particles
are dictated by the little groups of the Poincar\'e group which are
isomorphic to the three-dimensional rotation group and the two-dimensional
Euclidean group respectively~\cite{ref1}. The little group is the
maxim... |
1,941,325,218,682 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is one of the crucial issues in the spintronics research field from the viewpoints of thermal stability enhancement and high-density storage technology with the low current magnetization switching. Until now, tremendous efforts have bee... |
1,941,325,218,683 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The service robot sector is continuing to grow at a strong pace, with an expected 22.6\% cumulative average growth rate from 2020 to 2025~\cite{service_robots}. As these robots move from industrial applications to adoption in public facing and residential use, they are incr... |
1,941,325,218,684 | arxiv | \section{Kategorischer Imperativ}
To discuss actually the nature of the putative nonet of the light scalar mesons:
the putative $f_0(600)$ (or $\sigma (600)$) and $\kappa
(700-900)$
mesons and the well established $f_0(980)$ and $a_0(980)$ mesons,
one should explain not only their
mass spectrum, particularly th... |
1,941,325,218,685 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A hyperk\"ahler manifold is a simply connected compact K\"ahler manifold with a unique non-degenerate $2$-form (up to scaling).
Hyperk\"ahler manifolds are always even-dimensional with trivial canonical bundle. In this paper we study their moduli spaces.
Two-dimensional hyperk\"ahler manifold... |
1,941,325,218,686 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Andreev reflection experiments across
normal conductor (N) and superconductor (SC) junctions represent
an useful technique to explore various interesting physical properties like spin polarization of ferromagnets, gap anisotropy of superconductors, etc.
Several mechanisms are involved in curr... |
1,941,325,218,687 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As a well-known fact that two-wayness and alternation do not help to recognize a nonregular language for constant space Turing machines (finite state automata) \cite{Sze94}. When formally defined first time \cite{Rab63}, one--way probabilistic finite automata (PFAs) were also shown to recognize ... |
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