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1,941,325,218,688
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Tensor hierarchies form a class of objects found in supergravity theories, which emerge as compactifications of superstring theories \cite{Henning2005, Trigiante, Henning08ter}. These theoretical models have the particularity of being \emph{ungauged}, i.e. the 1-form fields are not even minimal...
1,941,325,218,689
arxiv
\section{Model description} If the total mass of binary neutron star system is small enough and the equation of state of nuclear matter is stiff enough, the merger of two NSs could leave behind an indefinitely stable or a supra-massive NS \citep{dai06,gaofan06,zhang13,lasky14,fryer15,li16}. Considering that before the...
1,941,325,218,690
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC)~\cite{Accardi:2012qut} will herald a new era for the study of nucleon structure by producing a unique data sample of deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) measurements off protons, deuterium, and helium with high polarization of both beams. The...
1,941,325,218,691
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec: introduction} In modal logic there is a well-established duality theory between categories of Kripke frames and the corresponding categories of boolean algebras with operators, which forms the backbone of modern studies of modal logic. One of the most fundamental such dualities estab...
1,941,325,218,692
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Obtaining the solutions of Bethe-Salpeter (BS) equation in its original Minkowski space formulation \cite{bs} has raised an increasing interest in the recent years \cite{Kusaka:1997xd,bs1,bs2,Sauli_JPG80,fsv-2012}. On one hand, the Wick rotation itself is not directly applicable ...
1,941,325,218,693
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In classical mechanics, the determination of the motion of two celestial bodies, which interact only with each other, is the typical two-body problem. If one body is light enough, the uncontrolled motion of the light body around a heavy body is a restricted two-body problem, and the motion is we...
1,941,325,218,694
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper deals with symmetry phenomena for solutions of the Dirichlet problem involving semilinear PDEs on Riemannian domains. We shall present a rather general framework where the symmetry problem can be formulated and provide some evidence that this framework is completely natural by point...
1,941,325,218,695
arxiv
\section{Main theorem and Lifetime of prethermalization}\label{Derivation} In this section, we describe the theorem depicted in the main text and show its derivation. \subsection{Theorem} \begin{theorem*} Assume that the following conditions (i)---(iii) are satisfied. \begin{flushleft} (i) The periodic Hamiltonian $...
1,941,325,218,696
arxiv
\subsection{Constructible Motives} Let $k=\F_q$ be a finite field. Let $X/k$ be a variety with a cell decomposition (also called affine stratification), that is, $$X=\biguplus_{s\in \Ss} X_s$$ where $\Ss$ is some finite set and each $i_s:X_s\to X$ is a locally closed subvariety isomorphic to $\A^n_k$ for some $n\geq ...
1,941,325,218,697
arxiv
\section{Discussion, limitation, and Future Work} \begin{figure}[t!] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{Figures/joint.jpg} \caption{\kx{Our method can produce reasonable results even when a few parts, e.g., a chair back, are absent.}} \label{fig:joint} \vspace{-4mm} \end{figure} We presented COA...
1,941,325,218,698
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There is wide evidence that a country's saving rate first rises then falls as the economy grows. In other words, the saving rate exhibits a hump-shape over time \citep[see][]{antras2001transitional}. To explain this stylized fact the literature has modified neoclassical models to include non...
1,941,325,218,699
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The Continuum Random Tree (CRT) is a random metric measure space, introduced by Aldous (\cite{Aldous1991a, Aldous1993a}) as a scaling limit of various discrete random tree models. In particular, if we consider $\mu$, a critical probability measure on $\mathbb{N}$, with variance $0<\sigma^2<\inft...
1,941,325,218,700
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Closed time-like curves, or ``time machines'' pose an intriguing puzzle in theoretical physics. While generally considered to be unphysical (including by this author), they are common in solutions of general relativity. The standard practice in the field has usually been to simply discard su...
1,941,325,218,701
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Stable distributions constitute a class of limit distributions of generalized central limit theorem, including the normal distribution on the border. Except for Gaussia , they do not have the second moment and the class is crowned as a representative of heavy tailed distributions. Moreover, they...
1,941,325,218,702
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many robotic and mechatronic control systems are mathematically represented, analyzed, and ultimately implemented as compositions of linear systems. This is the case even if the dynamics of the system are fundamentally nonlinear but are solved in terms of linear-algebraic equations or loca...
1,941,325,218,703
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A good knowledge of the AGN luminosity function (AGNLF) is important for our understanding of the AGN population and its evolution, as well as for gaining insight into the history of black hole growth and galaxy evolution \citep[e.g.][]{Yu:2002,Marconi:2004}. Thanks to recent heroic quasar survey...
1,941,325,218,704
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The light emerging from galaxies is a complex combination of emission from stars and gas, processed by any intervening dust. To fully model this emission, it is necessary to include the effects of each of these components. For star-forming galaxies, the UV and optical fl...
1,941,325,218,705
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Although no direct phenomenological data is available for hadronic physics at high temperature, Monte Carlo lattice simulations of pure Yang-Mills theory and QCD begin to unfold a consistent picture. In pure Yang-Mills theory, a phase transition occurs where the Polyakov loop as order parameter ...
1,941,325,218,706
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we continue our program of studying the inner structure of moment sequences of matrix-valued measures on subsets of the real line. Now we deal with matrix-valued measures on compact intervals. Guided by our former investigations on the whole real axis (see~\zitas{MR2570113,MR280...
1,941,325,218,707
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $X$ be a smooth projective complex algebraic variety. One way of studying the complexity of the geometry of elements of the group $\operatorname{Bir}(X)$ of birational self-maps of $X$ consists of studying the complexity of the irreducible hypersurfaces contracted by elements of $\operatorna...
1,941,325,218,708
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro The motion of material around black holes, both particles and fluids, is of particular importance for the present-day models of some astronomical objects, such as galactic X-ray sources and active galactic nuclei. In these systems, matter may be found rather close to the black-hole...
1,941,325,218,709
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Preliminary Discussion} Hamiltonian graph theory has its roots in the icosian game which was introduced by W.R. Hamilton in $1857$. However, Kirkman presented his paper {\it On the presentation of polyhedra},~\cite{Kirkman}, to the Royal Society already in $1855$; and it was published in ...
1,941,325,218,710
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} The concept of growth in groups is well studied, with famous results including Gromov's classification of groups with polynomial growth~\cite{gromov1981}, and Grigorchuk's example of intermediate growth~\cite{grigorchuk1983} which initiated a great interest in such groups...
1,941,325,218,711
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In Ref.~\cite{Bettinelli:2008ey} a consistent formulation of the electroweak model based on a nonlinear realization of the $SU(2)\otimes U(1)$ gauge group has been presented by giving the tools required for the computation of radiative corrections in the loop expansion (Feynman rules...
1,941,325,218,712
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} Kagome lattice antiferromagnets have been the center of attention in many branches of condensed matter physics due to their rich electronic and magnetic properties. In the quantum limit, these materials are believed to provide a promising platform for experimental realisation of...
1,941,325,218,713
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The search for varying fundamental constants is a research field of ongoing interest in astronomy, laboratory experiments, and theory. As dimensionless constants, the electron to proton mass ratio $\mu=m_\mathrm{e}/m_\mathrm{p}$ and the fine-structure constant $\alpha=e^2/(\hbar c)$ a...
1,941,325,218,714
arxiv
\section{Introduction} GEM (Gaseous Electron Multiplier) detectors are a novel type of gas-filled radiation detectors~\citep{Sauli:1997qp} used in high energy physics (HEP) and in nuclear physics experiments. The basic detecting element of a GEM-detector is a thin (50~$\mu$m) polyimide foil with 5~$\mu$m copper coatin...
1,941,325,218,715
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In network coding one is looking at the transmission of information through a directed graph with possibly several senders and several receivers \cite{ah00}. One can increase the throughput by linearly combining the information vectors at intermediate nodes of the network. If the underlying top...
1,941,325,218,716
arxiv
\section{Discussion} This paper proposes an approximation framework that rates budget aggregation mechanisms according to the worst-case distance from the proportional allocation, a natural fairness desideratum. We propose essentially optimal mechanisms within the class of moving phantom mechan...
1,941,325,218,717
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Definable groups have been at the core of model theory for at least a period of three decades, largely because of their prominent role in important applications of the subject, such as Hrushovski's proof of the function field Mordell-Lang conjecture in all characteristics (\cite{hr}). Exampl...
1,941,325,218,718
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There are many methods to analyse dark matter haloes structures. A standard approach involves investigating spherically averaged density profiles, such as the Hernquist profile \cite{Hernquist1990}, the NFW profile \cite{NFW97}, the Moore profile \cite{Moore1998,Moore1999} and the Stoehr profi...
1,941,325,218,719
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is the general consensus that the Kochen-Specker Theorem excludes the existence of non-contextual hidden variable theories. Naturally this leads to the questions of what is really meant by the notion of contextuality, what the implications are for the future of hidden variable theories, and if...
1,941,325,218,720
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we investigate colorings of sets of natural numbers. We say that a subset is {\it monochromatic} if all of its elements have the same color and we say that it is {\it rainbow} if all of its elements have distinct colors. A famous result of van der Waerden \cite{W} can be reform...
1,941,325,218,721
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Equilibrium statistical mechanics is a beautiful mathematical construction based on Gibbs canonical distribution and a very powerful tool that permits to establish a link between the microscopic laws of motion and the macroscopically observable properties of systems with a large number of particl...
1,941,325,218,722
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec:Introduction} Type III radio bursts are among the most intense radio emissions of solar origin. They are also frequently observed radio bursts, by both space-based and ground-based radio observatories. They are the radio signatures of suprathermal electron beams propagating along ope...
1,941,325,218,723
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There has recently been a significant amount of interest in the possibility that dark matter forms a many-body quantum state in galactic halos. Much of this work has focused on bosonic dark matter \cite{Sin:1994,Ji:1994,Peebles:2000,Goodman:2000,Hu:2000,Boehmer:2007,Harko:2011,Chavanis:2011,Harko...
1,941,325,218,724
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In many areas of human activity we are forced to infer a property of the whole from its fragments. On the macroscopic level the complexity of the investigated object together with poor partial information which we typically have in hands often precludes us from making an unambiguous statement abo...
1,941,325,218,725
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{in}} In the framework of chiral perturbation theory (CHPT) \cite{chpt}, Green functions are expanded in powers of the external momenta and of the light quark masses. The generating functional is constructed by use of an effective lagrangian and requires the evaluation of tree graphs at lead...
1,941,325,218,726
arxiv
\section{The Goldman Lie Algebra} ~ \indent The Goldman Lie algebra is an algebra over the module generated by the set of free homotopy classes of loops on a surface, described by intersection and concatenation, that was introduced by William M. Goldman in 1986 \cite{Go}. \\ \indent Throughout this paper, let $\Sigma_{...
1,941,325,218,727
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The irreversible two species annihilation reaction A + B $\rightarrow$ 0 has been studied for quite some time as an example of a reaction diffusion process where fluctuations are important, so that the density decays more slowly than one would predict from the mean field rate equations (at least...
1,941,325,218,728
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we place ourselves on the whole space $\mathbb{R}^{3}$ and we consider a coupled system of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with a harmonic map flow. This system, also known as the \emph{simplified Ericksen-Leslie system}, was proposed by H.F. Lin in \bl{\cite{Li...
1,941,325,218,729
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{N}{eural} architecture search (NAS) refers to the use of certain search strategies to find the best performing neural architecture in a pre-defined search space with minimum searching costs \cite{Elsken2018NeuralAS}. The search strategies sample the potentially promising neural arch...
1,941,325,218,730
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The discovery of a Higgs boson and the elucidation of the mechanism responsible for the electroweak symmetry breaking are some of the major goals of present and future searches in particle physics. The quadratically divergent contributions to the Higgs mass and the electroweak precision observab...
1,941,325,218,731
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently low-dimensional quantum spin systems have been attracting much attention, since there are many interesting phenomena associated with magnetic frustration. A spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ zigzag $XXZ$ chain is a typical one-dimensional (1D) quantum spin system with frustration caused by competition ...
1,941,325,218,732
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Sequential decision making plays a crucial role in machine learning. In various scenarios, we must design an effective policy that repeatedly decides the next action to be taken by using the feedback obtained so far. The greedy policy is a simple but empirically effective app...
1,941,325,218,733
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the last decade, two types of deep generative models---Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) (\cite{kingma2013auto}), and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) (\cite{goodfellow2014generative}) --- has gained tremendous popularity in computer vision (CV) applications. Their acceptance is a...
1,941,325,218,734
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec:Intro} The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC, respectively) are our closest example of an interacting pair of dwarf galaxies. Evidence of this interaction is clearly illustrated by the existence of the gaseous Magellanic Bridge connecting the Clouds \citep[]{K57,H63}, and...
1,941,325,218,735
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{section:introduction1} This paper comprises two parts as it gives various sufficient conditions of a metric nature for the degeneration at $E_2$ of the Fr\"olicher spectral sequence of compact complex manifolds (Part I) and for the degeneration at $E_2$ of the spectral sequence associate...
1,941,325,218,736
arxiv
\section{Introduction} After close to a hundred years, there are still two possible energy-momentum tensors for the electromagnetic field in continuous media being discussed in the literature\cite{previous}. The first was derived by Minkowski\cite{Minkowski} and the second proposed shortly afterwards by Abaham\cite{A...
1,941,325,218,737
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Kepler or Coulomb problem is well known to exhibit many remarkable features and these are often ascribed to a hidden $SO(3,1)$ $E(3)$ or $SO(4)$ symmetry of phase space generated by a conserved, so-called Runge-Lenz, vector. Less well known is the relation to a fact discovered by Hami...
1,941,325,218,738
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Sparse associative memories are known to achieve almost optimal performance as far as memory efficiency is concerned~\cite{gripon2015comparative}. These structures have long been considered more biologically plausible than their indexed counterparts for their ability to access and retrieve conte...
1,941,325,218,739
arxiv
\section{Introduction: Understanding the Liouville theorems that emerge in 2-field functional integrals for dissipative systems} The defining feature of dissipative systems, whether classical or quantum, is that trajectories initially distinct can merge and that distributions or densities that differ at their initial ...
1,941,325,218,740
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, optical frequency combs (OFCs) have been used for a wide variety of applications~\cite{Kim2016MLLReview,Newbury2011} such as calibration of astronomical spectrograms~\cite{Steinmetz2008}, high-resolution metrology~\cite{Udem2002}, and optical communications~\cite{Yi2010}. Three p...
1,941,325,218,741
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Intro} A major recent discovery took place in neutrino astroparticle physics: the IceCube detector has reported the detection of two PeV neutrinos, a roughly $3\sigma$ excess above expected background rates~\cite{Aartsen:2013bka}, see also~\cite{Laha:2013lka} for an interpretative paper. T...
1,941,325,218,742
arxiv
\section{} In both nature and engineering, loosely packed granular materials are often compacted inside confined geometries. Here, we explore such behaviour in a quasi-two dimensional geometry, where parallel rigid walls provide the confinement. We use the discrete element method to investigate the stress distribution ...
1,941,325,218,743
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We have recently given accurate results for bottomonium and charmonium spectroscopy on the lattice \cite{ups,psi}, exploiting the non-relativistic nature of these systems by using a non-relativistic effective theory, NRQCD\cite{nrqcd}. This can be systematically matched to full QCD, order by ...
1,941,325,218,744
arxiv
\section{introduction} Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and their related phenomena - such as collective excitations, collapse, and nolinear dynamics, to mention a few - have aroused great interest since their first experimental realization \cite{nobel2002rmp,stringari1999RMP}. From the theoretical point of view, we...
1,941,325,218,745
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Federated Learning~(FL) is a distributed machine learning technique used for training a shared model collaboratively while not sharing local data~\cite{mcmahan2017, bonawitz2019, lim2020, gu2021}. This technique reduces privacy and security risks while also improving communicati...
1,941,325,218,746
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The large amount of multi-wavelength data from recent and ongoing surveys is providing a wealth of information on the different phases of the interstellar medium (ISM), the stellar content and the present day star formation rates (SFRs) in nearby galaxies. Complemented with results from numeri...
1,941,325,218,747
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This work shows how multivariate interpolation techniques can be combined with analytic information of linear partial differential equations (i.e. a priori estimates and/or WKB representations of solutions) in order to design efficient and accurate numerical schemes for solving (systems) of line...
1,941,325,218,748
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Supernova remnants (SNRs) are key to many important physical processes within galaxies, including creation and dispersal of heavy elements, creation of compact objects (neutron stars and black holes) and cosmic ray generation. SNRs can also serve as probes of the density and composition of the in...
1,941,325,218,749
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Learning new tasks has always been challenging for robotic systems, whether it is a simple mobile manipulator or a complex humanoid robot. Programming manually step by step is one of the earlier solutions to this problem, but this is labour intensive, requires specialist expertise and lacks auton...
1,941,325,218,750
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of semileptonic decays of $D$ mesons can shed light on the strong and weak effects in charmed meson decays. The absolute branching fraction ${\mathcal B}$ of the semileptonic decay $D^+\to \bar K^0 e^+\nu_e$ can be used to extract the form factor $f^K_+(0)$ of the hadronic weak curren...
1,941,325,218,751
arxiv
\section*{keypoints} $\bullet$ Hurricane Dorian has continuously excited signals recorded by seismic stations in the southeast of the United States from 4th to 6th Sept 2019 $\bullet$ EGFs with high SNRs were extracted by cross-correlating ambient seismic noise released by Dorian for several days or even a single d...
1,941,325,218,752
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The question of how to gain information about the state of a quantum system has intrigued researchers since the early days of quantum mechanics. With the advent of quantum computation, this fundamental question became also of practical interest, mainly because the final stage ...
1,941,325,218,753
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} In this paper we study numerical integration of functions defined over the $d$-dimensional unit cube. For an integrable function $f: [0,1)^d\rightarrow \R$, we denote the integral of $f$ by \[ I_d(f) := \int_{[0,1]^d} f({\boldsymbol{x}}) \rd{\boldsymbol{x}}, \] and...
1,941,325,218,754
arxiv
\subsection*{Acknowledgments} M.M. has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie grant agreement N. 754364. R.K.P. and M.R. acknowledge the support of the EFRI Award 1741685 from the National Science Foundation.
1,941,325,218,755
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The selection of optimal grinding parameters is an important task because grinding is often one of the last manufacturing steps where failures lead to high financial losses. Today parameter selection is mainly performed by experienced operators using a trial and error approach. Self...
1,941,325,218,756
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}} \IEEEPARstart{U}{ltra-Reliable} Communication (URC), first proposed in \cite{popovski_ultra-reliable_2014}, has gained much attention since its introduction. It is a key enabler for critical message delivery in applications that demand highl...
1,941,325,218,757
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure}[t] \centering \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{./figures/teaser/teaser_v4.jpg} \caption{Users generate continuous criteria \emph{(right)} interactively by ranking examples \emph{(left)}. \emph{Top:} A database of face images is ordered on a `smiling expression' 1D p...
1,941,325,218,758
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Landau's Fermi liquid theory is perhaps the closest condensed matter physics has to a ``standard model''. However, metallic states not described by the Fermi liquid model are known to exist in many strongly correlated electron systems such as doped cuprates, quantum critical metals and disor...
1,941,325,218,759
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \input{intro.tex} \section{$ \textsc{LPC} $ Logic} \label{sec:logic} \input{logic.tex} \section{Categorical Model} \label{sec:category} \input{category.tex} \section{Examples} \label{sec:examples} \input{examples.tex} \section{Related work} \label{sec:related} \input{...
1,941,325,218,760
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Molecular recognition is the ability of a biomolecule to interact preferentially with a particular target molecule among a vast variety of different but almost identically looking rival molecules. Examples of specific recognition processes comprise enzyme-substrate binding, antibody-antigen b...
1,941,325,218,761
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{intro}} In tissue engineering, the mechanical properties of the engineered material are crucial for any application and/or treatment. The mechanical stimuli imposed on bioreactors are between the most important factors on the tissue growth. Finite element analysis based on computer models f...
1,941,325,218,762
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} The current standard model of the universe includes a large, mysterious dark energy component, generally taken to be a cosmological constant, $\Lambda$. We know virtually nothing about this major part of the universe besides its magnitude, inferred primarily from the supernova ...
1,941,325,218,763
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum entanglement is one of the most prominent nonclassical properties of quantum mechanics which has recently attracted much attention in view of its connection with the theory of quantum information and computation. The rapidly increasing in quantum information processing has stimulated...
1,941,325,218,764
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Common proper motion (CPM) stars are typically wide binary stars for which the measuring errors of the proper motion are much larger than the effect of orbital motion. Wide binaries of different masses are interesting for stellar evolution studies since their components, believed to have the...
1,941,325,218,765
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Numerical simulations have become the most powerful tool to explore the complex problem of galaxy formation. Within the current paradigm of galaxy formation realistic rotationally supported disks can form if the gas retains the angular momentum gained from tidal torques as it cools within a co...
1,941,325,218,766
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nearly 15 years after the discovery with the {\it R\"ontgensatellit} ($\it ROSAT$) by \citet{walter96} and \citet{haberl97} of RX J1856.4$-$3754 and RX J0720.4$-$3125, the first radio-quiet, X-ray bright isolated neutron stars (INSs), INSs remain rare. Only seven have been confirmed \citep[for re...
1,941,325,218,767
arxiv
\section{Motivations}\label{sect:intro} The deployment of multi-antenna arrays opened a door to effectively exploit spatial resources to improve energy efficiency and spectrum efficiency \cite{Matrixmonotonic,Sugiura201201,Kadir2015,Sugiura201202,Shaoshi2015}. Meanwhile, the involved design variables are usually m...
1,941,325,218,768
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The O($N$) models are probably the simplest and best studied scalar field theories. In their euclidean version, their hamiltonian reads: \begin{equation} H=\int d^d x \left( \frac{1}{2}(\nabla\boldsymbol\varphi)^2 +\frac{1}{2} r\boldsymbol\varphi^2 +\frac{g_4}{4!}(\boldsymbol\varphi^2)^2 +\f...
1,941,325,218,769
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Modern computers are highly optimized for performance. However, these optimizations typically have side effects. Side-channel attacks observe these side effects and consequently deduce information which would usually not be accessible to the attacker. Software-based side-channel attacks are parti...
1,941,325,218,770
arxiv
\section{Introduction} On any closed hyperbolic surface of genus two, the ratio of the number of separating versus non-separating simple closed geodesics of length $\leq L$ converges to $1/48$ as $L \to \infty$. This surprisingly precise result, together with generalizations to arbitrary complete, finite volume hyp...
1,941,325,218,771
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved significant successes in numerous computer vision tasks such as image classification \cite{simonyan2014very}, semantic segmentation \cite{YuKoltun2016}, image generation \cite{goodfellow2014generative}, and game playing ...
1,941,325,218,772
arxiv
\section{Introduction}~\label{sec:Introduction} Proper distribution of popular content across the network caches is emerging as one of the promising approaches to address the exponentially growing traffic in current wireless networks. Recent studies \cite{maddah14fundamental,maddah14decentralized,ji14average,ji15order,...
1,941,325,218,773
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Accidental degeneracy has been an interesting issue in mathematical physics, with the classic examples ranging from non-relativistic hydrogen atom to multi-dimensional harmonic oscillator. The fact that states labeled by different quantum numbers share the same energy is explained by ident...
1,941,325,218,774
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The special interest in the present work is devoted to the classical description of an af\/f\/inely-rigid (homogeneously deforming) mechanical system subject to the Kirchhof\/f--Love constraints. We know that the standard continuum theory as well as some fundamental theories deal with such obj...
1,941,325,218,775
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fluctuation measures are considered to be an important tool in the search of the possible critical point of the strongly interacting matter. However, fluctuation quantities are sensitive to various effects along with the critical behavior \cite{Luo,Vovchenko,NuXu,MandP} such as volume fluctuatio...
1,941,325,218,776
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Dialog state tracking (DST) is a key component in modern task-oriented dialogue (ToD) systems. The goal of DST is to keep track of a user's requirements from the conversation between the user and agent, it is therefore critical for a DST model to be accurate in reasoning about the belief states f...
1,941,325,218,777
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} It is becoming increasingly clear that most (if not all) galaxies host a supermassive black hole (SMBH) in their centers \citep[e.g.][]{kormendy95}. The tight relationships between the SMBH mass and the stellar velocity dispersion \citep{ferrarese00,gebhardt00} as well as w...
1,941,325,218,778
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgement}}{} \newenvironment{romenumerate}[1][-10pt] \addtolength{\leftmargini}{#1}\begin{enumerate \renewcommand{\labelenumi}{\textup{(\roman{enumi})} \renewcommand{\theenumi}{\textup{(\roman{enumi})} }{\end{enumerate}} \newenvironment{PXenumerate}[1] \begin{enumerate \renewcommand{\labelenu...
1,941,325,218,779
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} \IEEEPARstart{W}{ITH} the proliferation of 3D sensing devices, 3D point cloud analysis has attracted increasing attention due to its generalized applications in numerous prospective fields such as autonomous driving~\cite{wang2019pseudo}, robotics~\cite{ahmed2018edge}. Ho...
1,941,325,218,780
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Classical Cepheids (hereafter referred to as Cepheids) are among the most famous and widely used cosmic distance calibrators; their high luminosity and characteristic light curves make them easily recognizable, while the period-luminosity relation (PLR) they follow is considere...
1,941,325,218,781
arxiv
\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{10pt}{-1.25ex plus -1ex minus -.1ex}{0ex plus 0ex}{\normalsize\bf}} \def\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{10pt}{-1.25ex plus -1ex minus -.1ex}{0ex plus 0ex}{\normalsize\textit}} \renewcommand\@biblabel[1]{#1} \renewcommand\@makefntext[1 {\noindent\make...
1,941,325,218,782
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Informal overview: Process, main tools, and results} We consider an asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) with $n$ species of particles and a priority jump rule where particles of a species $\alpha\in \S_{0,n} := \{0,\dots,n\}$ ``see'' particles of a lower species $\beta<\alp...
1,941,325,218,783
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Measurements of $W+$jet production in hadron collisions provide important tests of the Standard Model (SM), especially of perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in the presence of heavy-flavor quarks. Such measurements are also sensitive probes of the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of ...
1,941,325,218,784
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} In some low-latency mission critical systems, such as in financial fraud detection, where transactions require a decision in a few milliseconds, it is desirable that the underlying streaming engines fulfill all the following L-A-D requirements: \begin{itemize} \item[] \...
1,941,325,218,785
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The shock waves of supernovae accelerate particles to very high energies through the mechanism of diffusive shock acceleration~\citep[e.g.,][]{blandford87}. However, the processes of acceleration, release from the shock region, and diffusion in the interstellar medium of such particles are not we...
1,941,325,218,786
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \begin{multicols}{2} The fundamental information required to perform strong coupling calculations for conventional superconductors is the Eliashberg function which incorporates both the phonon spectrum and the electron-phonon interaction. These properties can be determined in the normal state and...
1,941,325,218,787
arxiv
\section*{Appendix} We provide the missing proofs. \subsection*{Summary of key notations} \begin{table}[h] \caption{Notation table} \centerline{ \begin{tabular}{| c | l | } \hline Symbol & Meaning \\ \hline\hline $a^*$ & least-loss expert $ \text{argmin}_{1\leq i \leq N} \sum_{t=1}^T \ell_{i,t}$ \\ $a^*_f$ & be...