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1,941,325,218,888
arxiv
\section{Introduction} While 32-bit single-precision floating-point was the dominant numerical format for Deep Learning (DL) applications, more recently a variety of alternative formats have been proposed to increase the computational performance of deep learning applications. It is becoming commonplace to train neur...
1,941,325,218,889
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $C(n,k)$ denote the number of connected graphs with $n$ labeled vertices and $n+k-1$ edges. For example, $C(n,0)$ is the number of labeled trees on $n$ vertices and is equal to $n^{n-2}$ by Cayley's theorem. There is a rich history of the study of the asymptotics of the sequence $C(n,k)$. Wri...
1,941,325,218,890
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Two-stage designs are used for many purposes, including enrichment, sample size re-estimation and to modify randomization probabilities to improve the efficiency and/or efficacy of estimators. All these procedures use accumulated data to change the operation of the experimental design, which indu...
1,941,325,218,891
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec_intro} In this paper, we are interested in the limiting behavior of random walks on graphs corresponding to tessellations in the diffusive regime, known as the {\em diffusive limit}. A well-known example of such convergence is that of random walks on lattices to the Brownian motion (fo...
1,941,325,218,892
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Buoyancy affects the flows in planets and stars, hence its understanding is very critical. Buoyancy-driven flows come in two categories: (a) Stably stratified flows, as in Earth's atmosphere; (b) Unstably stratified flows, as in thermal convection, Raleigh-Taylor instability, etc. These two c...
1,941,325,218,893
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The uncertainty principle represents one of the most distinctive features of quantum mechanics. In contrast to classical theories, this principle denies the possibility of having exact values for simultaneous measurements of canonically conjugated physical variables. Discovered by Heisenberg in ...
1,941,325,218,894
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cosmic acceleration is a fundamental mystery of great interest and importance to understanding cosmology, gravitation, and high energy physics. The cosmic expansion rate is slowed down by gravitationally attractive matter and sped up by some other, unknown contribution to the dynamical equ...
1,941,325,218,895
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The spectra of cosmic rays (CR) extend to a very broad energy range with a smooth shape that, for energy $E \gtrsim 30$~GeV, is usually described as an ensemble of adjacent energy intervals, where the energy distribution is a simple power law ($\phi(E) \simeq K \; E^{-\...
1,941,325,218,896
arxiv
\subsection{Introduction} The theory of Lie transformation groups, is applied to vector valued distributions, to give a scalar type for change of local coordinates, as minimal invariant sets. Conjuation is relative convexity. Under the condition that $R(G)^{\bot}$ is $L^{p}-$ compact, with an approximation propert...
1,941,325,218,897
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $K$ be a compact, convex subset of a locally convex space $X$ and let $A_{\mathbb{R}}(K)$ denote the space of real valued, continuous and affine functions defined on $K$. Then $A_{\mathbb{R}}(K)$ is a complete order unit space and the state space of $A_{\mathbb{R}}(K)$ is affine homeomorphi...
1,941,325,218,898
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} In the history of particle and nuclear physics the study of weak interactions and especially beta decay has played a vital role. These studies helped, amongst others, to establish the V-A structure of weak interactions. Nowadays, this interest is somewhat reduced but there are still...
1,941,325,218,899
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} It is believed that single stars of solar metallicity with an initial mass of $\ga 20-25 \, \msun$ end their lives as Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars (Vanbeveren, De Loore \& Van Rensbergen 1998; Meynet \& Maeder 2003). The relatively small number of massive stars and the short duration...
1,941,325,218,900
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the advent of social media, irony and sarcasm detection has become an active area of research in Natural Language Processing (NLP) \cite{joshi2016automatic,riloff,joshi2015,ghosh2017role}. Most computational studies have focused on building state-of-the-art models to detect whether an utter...
1,941,325,218,901
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Objects with sizes and masses between those of globular clusters and compact ellipticals ($r_h\sim10$--100 pc; $M_V\sim-9$ to $-14$) were first discovered in spectroscopic surveys of galaxy clusters (Hilker {\it et al.}~1999; Drinkwater {\it et al.}~2000). They were quickly dubbed ``ultra-compac...
1,941,325,218,902
arxiv
\section{introduction} The single-particle Green's function is a basic tool for studying the correlation effects in many-body systems. However, calculation of this function in the case of a strongly correlated system is not usually successful because such a calculation generally requires nonperturbative treatment....
1,941,325,218,903
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{S-Introduction} Global helioseismology has proven very successful at inferring large scale properties of the Sun (for a review, see \opencite{jcd.review}; \opencite{jcd0}). Because they are very robust, the extension of methods of global helioseismology to study localized variations...
1,941,325,218,904
arxiv
\section{} \tableofcontents \section{Introduction} \label{sec1} Einstein's general theory of relativity is the most successful theory of gravity which describes the movement of the planets in the solar system as well as the dynamics of the expanding universe. On the other hand, higher-dimensional gravity has...
1,941,325,218,905
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{int} The Herbig Ae/Be stars (HAEBEs) are pre-main sequence (PMS) objects of masses of 1.5 to 10\,M$_{\sun}$ \citep{herb,fm,the}. In their spectra, they frequently reveal evidence of a complex structure of the circumstellar (CS) material surrounding the star. According to common views, the...
1,941,325,218,906
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Section:introduction} Networks are used in many scientific fields such as biology \citep{Article:Albert:2002} and social sciences \citep{Article:Snijders:1997,Article:Nowicki:2001}. They aim at modelling with edges the way objects of interest are related to each other. Exa...
1,941,325,218,907
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Speaker verification aims to recognize claimed identities of speakers. After decades of research, current speaker verification systems have achieved rather satisfactory performance, especially with the i-vector model~\cite{dehak2011front}, or embedding models based on deep ne...
1,941,325,218,908
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Stellar flares are dramatic multi-wavelength outbursts that originate in the reconnection of magnetic field lines at the surfaces of stars across the main sequence. A typical flare event stretches from the stellar photosphere to the corona, with high energy particle acceleration...
1,941,325,218,909
arxiv
\section{Introduction} When dealing with Hecke algebras with respect to a group $G$ and a subgroup $U$, one is interested in the characterisation of $k \in U g U$ and $k \in U g U h U$ for $g, h, k \in G$, since these conditions appear in formulas for the calculation of products in the algebra (\cite{Krieg:Hecke} I\,(...
1,941,325,218,910
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The issue of Mira pulsation modes has long been an issue of diameters. Velocity amplitude measurements \citep{Bessell1996} and period-luminosity relations \citep{Wood2000} are evidence in favor of the fundamental pulsation mode hypothesis, while measured diameters \citep{Tuthill1994} in the past...
1,941,325,218,911
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The existence of defects is inherent in materials, despite the more and more efficient growth techniques. \cite{bookdefects} Defects may cost energy to be created, however, in some cases the configurational entropy can make favorable the incorporation of a certain concentration of defects in ord...
1,941,325,218,912
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}} Let $(Z_{t}=X_{t}+iY_{t},t\geq0)$ denote a standard planar Brownian motion\footnote[4]{When we write: Brownian motion, we always mean real-valued Brownian motion, starting from 0. For 2-dimensional Brownian motion, we indicate planar or comple...
1,941,325,218,913
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The quantification of the effect of parton energy loss, known as jet quenching, is one of the major goals of jet and high \pt\ measurements in heavy-ion collisions. The aim of jet reconstruction is to gain more direct access to the orignal parton properties and the modification of their fragment...
1,941,325,218,914
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $X=\{X_t:t\geq 0\}$ be a spectrally negative L\'evy process defined on filtered probability space $(\Omega,\mathcal{F},\{\mathcal{F}_t:t\geq 0\},\mathbb{P})$. That is to say that $X$ is a stochastic process starting from zero, having stationary and independent increments with c\`adl\`ag...
1,941,325,218,915
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cross-modal retrieval aims to search for data with similar semantic meanings across different content modalities, such as audio-text tag search in music recommender systems~\cite{music-retrieval} and image-text search in web search~\cite{nuswide,figexplorer}. In cross-modal retrieval scenarios, ...
1,941,325,218,916
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \textbf{Overview:} In recent years, a wide range of underwater applications---such as multimedia coastal and tactical surveillance, offshore exploration, seafloor mapping, submarine volcanism, and hydro-thermal vent studies---have been developed that require multimedia data to be captured, retri...
1,941,325,218,917
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} For two reasons a need has developed to be able to compute the annihilation line emissivity in a thermal plasma both exactly and rapidly. First, relatively broad and resolved annihilation lines have been observed in the galactic black hole candidates Nova Muscae (Gilfanov et...
1,941,325,218,918
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\msn$ denote the symmetric group of all permutations of $[n]$, where $[n]=\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$. A permutation $\pi=\pi(1)\pi(2)\cdots\pi(n)\in\msn$ is {\it alternating} if $\pi(1)>\pi(2)<\cdots \pi(n)$. In other words, $\pi(i)<\pi({i+1})$ if $i$ is even and $\pi(i)>\pi({i+1})$ if $i$ is odd....
1,941,325,218,919
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} {\bf We report the imaging of magnetic domains in ferromagnetic CoNiB nanotubes with very long aspect ratio, fabricated by electroless plating. While axial magnetization is expected for long tubes made of soft magnetic materials, we evidence series of azimuthal domains. We tentatively explain these ...
1,941,325,218,920
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Our work is motivated by the recently proposed stochastic models in opinion diffusion~\cite{GarimellaGPT17,BeckerCDG19}, where an extension of the \textsc{Target Set Selection}\xspace (\textsc{TSS}\xspace for short) problem is proposed. \textsc{TSS}\xspace was introduced by Domingos and Richards...
1,941,325,218,921
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Machine learning (ML) algorithms such as gradient boosting, random forest and neural networks for regression and classification involve a number of {\it hyperparameters} that have to be set before running them. In contrast to direct, first-level model parameters, which are determined during trai...
1,941,325,218,922
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1963, Lorenz \cite{Lo} introduced the following system of equations \begin{equation}\label{LS} \dot x = -10x+10y, \,\, \dot y = 28x-y-xz, \,\, \dot z = -\frac{8}{3}z+xy \end{equation} as a simplified model for atmospheric convection. Numerical simulations performed by Lorenz showed that the a...
1,941,325,218,923
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1970, Donald Knuth discovered the so-called Knuth relation, using it as a tool for studying the RSK (Robinson-Schensted-Knuth) correspondence \cite{Kn}. The RSK correspondence is a bijection between permutations in $S_n$ (for fixed $n$) and pairs of standard Young tableaux of the same shape ...
1,941,325,218,924
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Due to their potential brightness at wavelengths ranging from radio to gamma-rays, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and their afterglows can be used as powerful astrophysical probes. They are momentarily bright enough to be observed anywhere in the Universe, even if located in the most dusty environments...
1,941,325,218,925
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Gravitational wave signals from binary black hole merger events are now routinely computed in numerical simulations. For generic spin configurations and at least for moderate mass ratios, various aspects of the problem are well understood; this includes the initial data, nume...
1,941,325,218,926
arxiv
\section{Introduction} First spherically-symmetric solutions were discovered more than 100 years ago. The existence of real objects described by these spherically-symmetric and axially-symmetric metrics was proven by the observations not so long ago. The results on binary systems dynamics \cite{Orosz:2011np}, gravitat...
1,941,325,218,927
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we construct a nonsingular bouncing cosmology with an Ekpyrotic contracting phase. The model is free from the problems typically associated with `matter bounce' or pure Ekpyrotic models. Both the matter bounce (see e.g. \cite{RHB2011rev} for a recent review) and the Ekpyrotic scena...
1,941,325,218,928
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Measuring the causal impact of online advertising is important for both advertisers and digital advertising platforms. For advertisers, understanding the impact of advertising is essential for evaluating past campaign performance and optimizing future spending. Comparing the causal effect to t...
1,941,325,218,929
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $X$ be a projective bundle over a smooth projective variety $B$. This means that $X=\mathbb{P}(E)$, where $\pi: E\to B$ is a holomorphic vector bundle of rank $r$, say. We study the behavior of the solution $\omega=\omega(t)$ of the K\"ahler-Ricci flow on $X$ starting at a K\"ahler metric $\...
1,941,325,218,930
arxiv
\section{Introduction and statement of the results} Positive trigonometric sums play an important role in Harmonic Analysis, Orthogonal Polynomials, Approximation Theory and many other branches of mathematics. In this note we discuss two trigonometric inequalities which appear in the book of R. Askey \cite{RA1975}. The...
1,941,325,218,931
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In strongly correlated Fermi systems electron-electron interactions can have drastic effects on the geometry and the topology of the Fermi surface. For example, strong forward scattering can give rise to a Pomeranchuk instability, where the shape of the Fermi surface spontaneously change...
1,941,325,218,932
arxiv
\section{Main result} The center subgroup of the special unitary group $SU(n)$ is the cyclic group $\mathbb{Z}_{n}$ of order $n$ generated by the diagonal matrix $diag\{e^ \frac{2\pi }{n}i},\cdots ,e^{\frac{2\pi }{n}i}\}\in SU(n)$. Let c:SU(n)\rightarrow PSU(n):=SU(n)/\mathbb{Z}_{n}$ be the quotient homomorphism...
1,941,325,218,933
arxiv
\section*{Observations} NGC 4449 is a bright Magellanic irregular galaxy at a distance of 5.4 Mpc\cite{rsh:bomans}. Its absolute FUV magnitude is estimated at $-20.2$, as compared to $-18.8$ for the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), $-19.3$ for the Local Group Sc spiral M33, and $-21.8$ for the SBc spiral M83\cite{rsh:roc...
1,941,325,218,934
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Single photons are nowadays key elements in quantum technologies, as quantum networking for distributed computation, communication and metrology \cite{nielsen00,Bouwmeester,Qinternet,Kimble2008,ciracQuantumOpticsWhat2017a}. Sources producing single photons have been widely developed \c...
1,941,325,218,935
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Examples of the interaction between combinatorics and algebraic geometry are abundant: the polynomial method that was recently surveyed by Terence Tao \cite{tao}; the Combinatorial Nullstellensatz of Noga Alon \cite{alon}; the affirmative answer to the conjecture of Read and Rota-He...
1,941,325,218,936
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper concerns the nonparametric estimation of a regression function $g(x)$ that regresses $Y$ on $X=x$, where the nonnegative variable $Y$ is subject to various filtering schemes and where $X$ is an observed vector of regressors. We consider both the mean and the median regression ca...
1,941,325,218,937
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the main advantages of observational solar physics\replyonedel{ and many other forms of observational astronomy} has traditionally been the ability to resolve the individual features on the surface of the Sun. Many advances in solar physics have been, at least in part, due to advances in o...
1,941,325,218,938
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \indent In recent publications \cite{lkb95}, Li, Ko and Brown showed that the dilepton production data of CERES \cite{CERES} and HELIOS-3 \cite{HELIO} can be simply and quantitatively understood if the mass of the vector mesons $\rho$ and $\omega$ scales in dense and/or hot medium according to t...
1,941,325,218,939
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{S:INTRO} One of the main problems in star formation is to explain the wide range of scales over which multiple systems form. The observed distribution of binary separations (e.g Duquennoy \& Mayor 1991, hereafter DM91; Fischer \& Marcy 1992, hereafter FM92) extends from $10^{-2}\,{\rm...
1,941,325,218,940
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Let $\Omega$ be a bounded convex polygonal domain in $\mathbb R^d\,(d=1,2,3)$ with a boundary $\partial\Omega$, and $T>0$ be a fixed value. We are interested in efficient numerical methods for the following fractional-order evolution equation of $u(t):(0,T)\rightarrow H^1_0(\Omeg...
1,941,325,218,941
arxiv
\section{Application to quantum repeaters} \label{sec_quantum_repeaters} As a direct application of the proposed CP gate, we consider quantum key distribution using quantum repeaters based on atomic ensembles~\cite{dlcz_nature2001_sm,sangouard_rmp11_sm}. We modify one of the fastest known repeater protocols for atom...
1,941,325,218,942
arxiv
\subsubsection{Learning results} Figure \ref{fig: NPZD_Complexity T=5 Prior} shows the state and parameters of the system at $t=5$, just before the first observational episode. The most distinctive difference is between the true and mean detritus fields. Since the true model is NPZ, the true detritus field is equal ...
1,941,325,218,943
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} \begin{table*} \begin{center} \caption{Line parameters obtained from Gaussian fits (Cols. 2--6), and total column densities (beam averaged) of \mbox{HCNH$^+$}\ obtained from the spectra of the $J=3-2$ line (Fig.~\ref{fig:spectra}) as explained in Sect.~\ref{res}. The assumed excit...
1,941,325,218,944
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec.intr} For systems of (partial or ordinary) differential equations that have a Lagrangian formulation it is well-known that conserved currents can be obtained from variational symmetries by Noether's theorem (see Theorem 5.58 and Definition 5.51 in \cite{Olver}). For non-variational...
1,941,325,218,945
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A 0.5-\micron-wide 6.9~\micron\ absorption feature is of interest in a wide astronomical context because the feature is seen in young stellar objects and molecular clouds which have a complex inventory of dust features due to ices, carbonaceous materials and silicates. The feature also seems to...
1,941,325,218,946
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:1}Introduction} Metasurfaces\cite{ogawa2018metal}, a new class of metamaterials that construct planar structures on surface, provide a non-traditional approach to manipulate the light behavior as well as the thermal radiation. For now, a plethora of distinctive phenomena have been demonstrated, suc...
1,941,325,218,947
arxiv
\section{What is wrong with backpropagation} The astonishing success of deep learning over the last decade has established the effectiveness of performing stochastic gradient descent with a large number of parameters and a lot of data. The gradients are usually computed using backpropagation \citep{backprop}, and this ...
1,941,325,218,948
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} This research was supported at NYU by NSF Grant DMR-1006575 and at UCSD by DMR-1008654 as well as the Partner University Fund (PUF) of the Embassy of France. \bibliographystyle{apsrev}
1,941,325,218,949
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \footnotetext[1]{The data presented herein were obtained at the W.M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made p...
1,941,325,218,950
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the development of data acquisition and storage technology, large-scale data (i.e., big data) becomes ubiquitous in many fields such as computational neuroscience, signal processing, machine learning and pattern recognition \cite{cichocki2014era}. Among these fields, large amounts of multi-...
1,941,325,218,951
arxiv
\section{Introduction~}\label{intro} Given a set $S$ of $n$ distinct keys from the universe $\{0,\dots,m-1\}$, possibly the most fundamental data structuring problem that can be defined for $S$ is the {\it dictionary\/} problem: to store $S$ so that {\it membership\/} queries of the form ``Is $x$ in $S$?'' can be ans...
1,941,325,218,952
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Large-scale benchmarks such as Imagenet \cite{russakovsky2015imagenet}, SQuAD \cite{rajpurkar2018know} and architectural development in models such as CNNs \cite{amari2003handbook} and transformers \cite{vaswani2017attention} have propelled our progress in deep learning. However, creating high...
1,941,325,218,953
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The study of correlations has been renewed again by the the discovery of high $T_c$ superconducting oxide materials (HTSC),\cite{Bednorz-Muller} since that these materials exhibit a short coherence lenght, $\xi$, and a very large penetration depth, $\lambda$, which become them ...
1,941,325,218,954
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Primordial gravitational waves (PGW) have great potential to discover the physics of the early universe. A stochastic background of gravitational waves (GWs) are produced either during the inflationary period\cite{Grishchuk} or at the end of inflation but before the Big Bang nucleosynthesis (B...
1,941,325,218,955
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The connections between complex (in particular K\"ahler) geometry and supersymmetry have long been known. Well known examples arise in the context of string compactifications; $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetry in four dimensions requires the compact six dimensional manifold to be a Calabi-Yau 3-fold...
1,941,325,218,956
arxiv
\section*{\normalfont\refname}}} \addbibresource{mybibliography.bib} \doublespacing \pagenumbering{roman} \pagestyle{plain} \graphicspath{{images/}} \titleformat{\chapter}[display] {\singlespacing\bfseries\Huge} {\titlerule\filright\Large\chaptertitlename\ \Large\thechapter} {0pt} {\filright} [\titlerule] \titlespaci...
1,941,325,218,957
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $g\geq 2$. We say that a real number $\alpha$ is \emph{$g$-normal} if every preassigned sequence of digits, of length $k \geq 1$, occurs with the expected limiting frequency $g^{-k}$ in the base $g$ expansion of $\alpha$. This concept was introduced by Borel \cite{borel09} in 1909, who showed...
1,941,325,218,958
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The general consensus in theoretical physics is that the final word on classical Electrodynamics has not yet been said. More than a hundred and fifty years have passed since its original inception by Faraday, Maxwell and many others in the 19th century, and we still face unsolved conceptual prob...
1,941,325,218,959
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The compact X-ray binary system hosts either a neutron star (NS) or a black hole (BH) candidate. Both systems show the similarity in their dependences on the X-ray luminosity and spectral shape ( van der Klis 1994a, 1994b, 2000; Belloni et al. 2002). The spectra of X-ray binaries are generall...
1,941,325,218,960
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider the problem of classification, where one is given a set of labeled data used for training, and from that data wishes to accurately assign labels to new unlabeled data. In the general problem, the class labels themselves have no relation to one another, however, data can often be organ...
1,941,325,218,961
arxiv
\section{Introduction and summary} Einstein $(p+q)$-dimensional gravity minimally coupled to a $q$-form, admits Freund-Rubin solutions \cite{Freund:1980xh} of the form AdS$_p\times M_q$, with $M_q$ a $q$-dimensional Einstein manifold of positive curvature.~When embedded in supergravity theories arising from low...
1,941,325,218,962
arxiv
\section{Publication notes} \section{Introduction} Many important planning domains naturally occur in continuous spaces involving complex constraints among variables. Consider planning for an 11 degree-of-freedom (DOF) robot tasked with organizing several blocks in a room. The robot must find a sequence of {\em pic...
1,941,325,218,963
arxiv
\part*{Supplementary Material} \begin{table*}[ht!] \begin{center} \small \setlength\tabcolsep{4pt} \begin{tabular}{lrrrcccccccc} \toprule \noalign{\smallskip} Dataset & \#Clips & \#Frames & \#Instances & 3D & Occl. & Pose Est. & Inst. Segm. & Depth Est. & Type \\...
1,941,325,218,964
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently we \cite{fm}-\cite{fkm} have studied the finite temperature spin correlation function \begin{equation} S^z(n;T,\Delta)={\rm Tr}\sigma_0^z \sigma_n^z e^{-H/kT}/{\rm Tr}e^{-H/kT} \label{sz} \end{equation} for the spin 1/2 XXZ spin chain \cite{bet}-\cite{yyc} \begin{equation} H={1\over 2}...
1,941,325,218,965
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The string theories give rise to effective models of gravity in higher dimensions with higher order curvature terms in the action when approaching the low energy limit. The Gauss$-$Bonnet (GB) Lagrangian, including higher order curvature terms, in four dimensions ($4D$), can be represented as ...
1,941,325,218,966
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The goal of this paper is to investigate the asymptotic behavior of the Nadaraya-Watson estimator of the regression function $f$ in the semiparametric regression model given, for all $n\geq 1$, by \begin{equation} \label{SEMPAR} Y_{n}=f(\theta^{\prime} X_{n})+\varepsilon_{n} \end{equation} wh...
1,941,325,218,967
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Gapped quantum systems at zero temperature may manifest distinct topologically ordered phases of matter~\cite{Wen04,Nayak08}. Topological phases are characterized by emergent phenomena that cannot be distinguished by local observables and do not require nor depend on symmetries of the system. As...
1,941,325,218,968
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Eigenvalues and singular values of sums and products of random matrices have been studied extensively over the last decade. The focus of the research has been the global density of the eigenvalues and singular values of the sum and product of large random matrices. As the dimension of random mat...
1,941,325,218,969
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The non-equilibrium dynamics of molecular (diatomic/polyatomic) gas is commonly encountered in aerospace engineering. For example, at a high Mach number, the air surrounding an aircraft decelerates and heats up rapidly after compression by shock waves, which causes strong energy conversion from ...
1,941,325,218,970
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{S:11} Chemometric classification methods are often used to discriminate high-dimensional chemical signatures of unknown samples to determine their most likely class label \cite{patternrec}. These methods have proven to be valuable for the fields of archeaometry and forensics where the ...
1,941,325,218,971
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are applicable to various global optimization problems~\cite{vikhar2016evolutionary}. In this work, we focus on single-objective continuous optimization, in which EAs have proven to be particularly useful~\cite{boussaid2013survey}. The widely known Differential Evo...
1,941,325,218,972
arxiv
\chapter{Was ist das Quasiergodenproblem?} \begin{flushright} Allen Geduldigen: Bestandsaufnahme.\\ \end{flushright} Sind wir nun reich? Nein, denn es ist kein Preisgeld auf die L"osung des Quasiergodenproblemes gesetzt. Und deshalb ist auch nicht mit wenigstens derjeniger Genauigkeit bestimmt, die rechtliche Anspr"...
1,941,325,218,973
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A contact binary typically consists of two main sequence stars of the F, G or K spectral type that are orbiting around their common center of mass. According to the most accepted model, both components are filling their Roche lobes and making physical contact through the inner (L1) Lagrangian poi...
1,941,325,218,974
arxiv
\section{Experimental evaluation}\label{sec:eval} In this section we present the results of our evaluation study, with two main experiments: \begin{inparaenum}[(1)] \item subjective assessment of generated images and \item accuracy of generated segmentation masks measured against the ground truth. \end{inparaenum} \...
1,941,325,218,975
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} Electromagnetic radiation is intrinsically quantum mechanical in nature. Nevertheless it has been found extremely fruitful, at both conceptual and practical levels, to designate certain states of quantised radiation as being essentially ``classical'', and others as being ...
1,941,325,218,976
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $F=F_N$ denote the rank-$N$ free group, with $N \geq 4$. A \emph{factor} is a conjugacy class of non-trivial, proper free factors of $F_N$; a conjugacy class of elements of $F_N$ is \emph{primitive} if any of its representatives generates a representative of a factor. A \emph{curve} is a o...
1,941,325,218,977
arxiv
\section{Introduction} At present several classes of neutron stars (NSs) with strong magnetic field are known. They include X-ray dim isolated NSs (XDINSs, \citealt{Haberl:07}), central compact objects (CCOs) in supernova remnants \citep{Pavlovetal:04}, anomalous X-ray pulsars and soft-gamma repeaters (AXPs and SGR...
1,941,325,218,978
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep Neural Networks (and other types of Machine Learning models) are data-hungry, computationally intensive algorithms capable of obtaining outstanding results in applications such as image classification and speech recognition. As new models keep growing in size and complexity, their number of...
1,941,325,218,979
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A new line of work~\cite{DworkFHPRR15,HU14,SU15,BassilyNSSSU16} demonstrates how differential privacy~\cite{DMNS06} can be used as a mathematical tool for guaranteeing statistical validity in data analysis. Specifically, if a differentially private analysis is applied on a sample $S$ of i.i.d.\ ...
1,941,325,218,980
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \subsection{Motivation and related work} Distributed optimization plays a central role in large-scale machine learning where gradient descent (GD) and its stochastic variant SGD are employed to minimize an objective function \cite{Zinkevich-10,Recht-11,Bekkerman-11,Dean-12,Chi...
1,941,325,218,981
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The model I discuss in this talk conjugates the symmetry approach of effective Lagrangians for heavy and light mesons\cite{rep} together with dynamical assumptions on chiral symmetry breaking and confinement. The reason for adding dynamical assumption is on one side the higher predictivity on...
1,941,325,218,982
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \paragraph{} The emergent integrability of planar ${\cal N}=4$ SUSY Yang-Mills \cite{MZ,B} and the dual string theory on $AdS_{5}\times S^{5}$ \cite{MSW,BPR} has provided detailed information about the spectra of both theories (for a recent review and additional references see \cite{Serban}). ...
1,941,325,218,983
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} General relativity is a theory of gravity which asserts that matter causes the four dimensional space-time to be curved, and that our perception of gravity is a consequence of this curvature. Let $(N^4,\bar{g})$ be the space-time manifold with metric $\bar{g}$ of sig...
1,941,325,218,984
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Early studies of the broad line profiles in Type~1 Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) suggested that the large observed line widths ($\lower.5ex\hbox{$\; \buildrel > \over \sim \;$} 3000$~km~s$^{-1}$) are produced by electron scattering within the photoionized gas (Weymann 1970; Mathis 1970). With the ...
1,941,325,218,985
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The LHC delivers proton and lead beams with an energy of $7~\rm{TeV}$ and $2.76~\rm{TeV}$ per nucleon, respectively, with world's highest intensity. Fixed-target proton-gas collisions occur at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon of up to $115~\rm{GeV}$ in the case of a hydrogen ...
1,941,325,218,986
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The title of our conference, {\sl Fundamental Sources of Unpredictability}, invites the question: ``What are the obstacles and limitations to the predictive power of the laws of physics?'' But in a quantum mechanical world characterized by indeterminacy and distributed probabilities, in a world...
1,941,325,218,987
arxiv
\section*{Introduction.} Let $(M,g)$ be an n-dimensional Riemannian manifold and $\phi$ a transformation on $M$. Then $\phi$ is called a {\it conformal} transformation, if it preserves the angles. Let $V$ be a vector field on $M$ and $\{\varphi_{t}\}$ be the local one-parameter group of local transformations on ...