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1,941,325,219,088 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The celebrated Bourgain-Br\'ezis-Mironescu formula \cite{BBM} (see also \cite{MS,M}) states that, for any extension domain $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^n$, $1<p<\infty$, and $f\in L^p(\Omega)$,
\begin{equation}
\label{BBM}
\lim_{s\nearrow 1} (1-s) \int_\Omega \int_\Omega \frac{|f(x)-f(y)|^p}{|x-y... |
1,941,325,219,089 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Magnetic pick-up coils installed on magnetic confinement devices such as tokamaks and stellarators in addition to Rogowski and flux loop coils provide magnetic information such that high temperature fusion-grade plasmas can be controlled in real time and that magnetic equilibria can be reconstr... |
1,941,325,219,090 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The first part of this paper is devoted to describing a combinatorial method of representing knots with signed chord diagrams. Roughly speaking, we produce a knot where the chords in the chord diagram correspond to clasps in the knot, and the clasps lie on top of each other in an order which is c... |
1,941,325,219,091 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is one of the pillars that provide support to the Big Bang theory.
The fluctuations of the CMB naturally arise in an inflationary scenario. The understanding of this very early stage of the history of the Universe is a challenging issue for the scientific com... |
1,941,325,219,092 | arxiv | \section{0. Introduction}
Reaching atomistic control and understanding of matter has been a long-nourished desire of mankind, receiving widespread attention once the foundations of atomic and molecular sciences were established. Enormous efforts were dedicated to develop fabrication, characterization, and manipulation... |
1,941,325,219,093 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
In the background of this article is a longstanding problem by J.-L. Lions on
non-autono\-mous forms. We give a solution of the problem in a special case
which is most suitable for treating non-autonomous Robin boundary
conditions. To be more specific we consider a non-autonomous... |
1,941,325,219,094 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The details of mixing in convection zones within the stellar interior
modifies the evolution of stars from the main sequence to the final
white dwarf stage or supernova core collapse. The continual mixing of
H into the convective cores of intermediate and massive stars sets a
timescale for ... |
1,941,325,219,095 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
With accelerating innovation cycles, stakeholders in both industry and government have an increasing need for dependable and real-time insights on technological paradigm shifts. With clear and timely knowledge on emerging technologies within their industries, these stakeholders can adapt the co... |
1,941,325,219,096 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
\textnormal{Source-controlled routing has been proposed as a way to improve flexibility of future network architectures, as well as simplifying the data plane. However, if a packet specifies its path, this precludes fast local re-routing within the network. We propose {\sc Slick\-Pac\-kets}\xspace,... |
1,941,325,219,097 | arxiv | \subsection{#1}}
\makeatletter
\let\c@equation\c@subsection
\let\theequation\thesubsection
\makeatother
\theoremstyle{plain}
\newtheorem{thm}[subsection]{Theorem}
\newtheorem{theorem}[subsection]{Theorem}
\newtheorem*{theorem*}{Informal statement}
\newtheorem{corollary}[subsection]{Corollary}
\newtheore... |
1,941,325,219,098 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{Introduction}
Applying quantitative methods to market making is a longstanding interest of the quantitative finance community. Over the past decade, researchers have applied stochastic, statistical and machine learning techniques to automate market making. These approaches often use ... |
1,941,325,219,099 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Memory hard functions (MHFs)~\cite{AbadiBMW05, Percival09} are a central component in the design of password hashing functions~\cite{BiryukovDK15}, egalitarian proofs of work~\cite{DworkN92}, and moderately hard key-derivation functions~\cite{Percival09}.
In the setting of password hashing, the ... |
1,941,325,219,100 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sec:intro}}
\medskip
Narrow Line Seyfert\,1 (NLS1) galaxies are active galactic nuclei that share
many properties with
Seyfert 1 galaxies, such as a strong continuum and strong
Fe{\sc ii} emission lines, but whose line widths are similar to those of
Seyfert 2 galaxies \citep{1985ApJ...... |
1,941,325,219,101 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Section:Introduction}
Transformation synchronization, i.e., estimating consistent rigid transformations across a collection of images or depth scans, is a fundamental problem in various computer vision applications, including multi-view structure from motion~\cite{DBLP:conf/iccv/Chatterje... |
1,941,325,219,102 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
\begin{figure}[!b]
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(250,200)(0,0)
\put( 0,110){\includegraphics[scale=0.8]{fig1a.pdf}}
\put(125,110){\includegraphics[scale=0.8]{fig1b.pdf}}
\put(10,210){(a) $T:$}
\put(125,210){(b) $C:$}
\put( 0,0){\i... |
1,941,325,219,103 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec-introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
The Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT) \cite{hohenberg-kohn64,kohn-sham65} is a powerful,
widely used approach for computation of ground state electronic energies and densities
in chemistry, materials science, biology, and nanosciences.
C... |
1,941,325,219,104 | arxiv |
\section{Franka Arm Experiments}
\begin{figure}[!t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{geometric_fabrics/figures/default_configs.jpg}
\vspace{-4mm}
\caption{Five default configurations for the Franka arm.}
\vspace{-4mm}
\label{fig:cubby_scene}
\end{figure}
\iffalse
In this section, we run... |
1,941,325,219,105 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Nonlinear discrete-time control systems
\[
\Sigma:\ \ \ x(t)=f(x(t-1),u(t))
\]
are much less understood, comparing to continuous-time systems. This is due to the fact that algebraic and geometric tools available in the continuous-time case are not present or, at least, have not been used m... |
1,941,325,219,106 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Duncan et al. (1995) and Kuchner et al. (2002) investigated the migration of TNOs
to Neptune's orbit, and Levison and Duncan (1997) studied the
migration from Neptune's orbit to Jupiter's orbit.
Ipatov (2002), Ipatov and Mather (2003, 2004a-b) integrated the orbital evolution
of Jupiter-fam... |
1,941,325,219,107 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Brane structures where initially introduced as domain walls embedded in extra dimensions \cite{cs,akama,rub,vis}. In a sense thick branes \cite{de,csaba,gremm,fase,bc} are a natural construction since the solutions can be dynamically found. More recently, interesting models have been proposed for... |
1,941,325,219,108 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
To a large extent, real materials do not behave in a purely liquid- or solid-like way. Substances that on long time scales show a fluid-like terminal flow may feature reversible quasi-elastic deformations under sufficiently short application of external forces. Prominent examples
are melts or... |
1,941,325,219,109 | arxiv | \section{MAGIC, performance of the stereo system}
The two MAGIC Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs)
were built and are currently operated by a collaboration of
institutions in Bulgaria (Sofia), Croatia (Croatian consortium), Finland (Tuorla Observatory),
Germany (DESY Zeuthen, Universities of Dortmund and... |
1,941,325,219,110 | arxiv | \section{Motivation}
The General Relativity (GR) is the viable theory of gravity,
very robust in the underlying principles. It is known to consistently
describe the massless tensor graviton as a part of the metric
field. This is insured by the general covariance (GC) which
serves as the gauge symmetry to eliminate t... |
1,941,325,219,111 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We use $M(\mathbb{C})$ to denote the field of all meromorphic functions in $\mathbb{C}$. Also, by $M_{1}(\mathbb{C})$, we denote the class of meromorphic
functions which have finitely many poles in $\mathbb{C}$. The order $\rho( f )$ of the function $f\in M(\mathbb{C})$ is defined as
$$\rho(f)... |
1,941,325,219,112 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace*{-3pt}
Statistical models that include random effects are commonly used to
analyze longitudinal and clustered data. When generalized linear mixed
models (McCulloch, Searle and Neuhaus, \citeyear{mccusearneuh2008}) and maximum likelihood estimation are
used to analyze such data, stron... |
1,941,325,219,113 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is very important to find promising
numerical frameworks for non-perturbative studies of
supersymmetric gauge theories.
Although lattice formulations are natural candidates,
it is not so straightforward to apply them for the purpose.
This is because there tends to be many parameters wh... |
1,941,325,219,114 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of strongly coupled light-matter systems is becoming a well established area in both physics and chemistry\cite{flick2018strong,li2021molecular,ebbesen2016hybrid,garcia2021manipulating,hertzog2019strong,bloch2022strongly}. Through the interaction with the quantized field, it is indeed p... |
1,941,325,219,115 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Natural hazards such as floods, wildfires, storms and other extreme
weather events cause substantial disruption to human activity and
are predicted to increase in frequency and severity as the climate
changes \cite{ipcc:2012,muller:2015}. Rapid high-resolution observations of unfolding hazard ev... |
1,941,325,219,116 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\section{X-ray binaries and microquasars}
X-ray binaries (XB) are binary systems containing a compact object (a neutron star
or a stellar mass black hole) accreting matter from the companion star.
Depending on the spectral type of the optical companion they are classified in
High Mass X-ray bi... |
1,941,325,219,117 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this work, we define onfocus detection as the task to identify whether the focus of the individual (human or animal) captured by a camera is on the camera or not, which is performed on images captured in unconstrained imaging conditions (so-called ``in the wild'') as shown in Figure~\ref{1}.
T... |
1,941,325,219,118 | arxiv | \section{Introduction }
The design of neural networks specific to a certain task requires a considerable amount of work. To alleviate this, a number of solutions have been proposed for neural architecture search~\cite{ZophLe16,MeKlFeuSpHut16,ReMoSeSaSuTaLeKu17,DARTS,ENAS,BeKiZoVaLe18,GraphHyperNets19,ProxyLessNAS}. De... |
1,941,325,219,119 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Event-based or neuromorphic cameras provide many advantages like high-frequency output, high dynamic-range and a lower power-consumption.
However, their sensor output is a sparse, asynchronous image-representation, which is fundamentally different to tradit... |
1,941,325,219,120 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Photoionization and radiative energy input processes are important in many
different interstellar and intergalactic environments. Some examples are
provided by Ly$\alpha$ clouds (Ikeuchi \& Turner 1991, Charlton {\it et~al.\ } 1993,
Kulkarni \& Fall 1993), outer disks of spiral galaxies (Corbelli... |
1,941,325,219,121 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the past few decades, experimental advances have made it possible to engineer with high controllability one-dimensional systems of ultracold atoms. Furthermore, the interactions between atoms can be tuned by a variety of experimental techniques, thus offering a promising opportunity to realiz... |
1,941,325,219,122 | arxiv |
\section{INTRODUCTION}\label{sec:intro}
Finding correct one-to-one correspondences between two sets of objects $\mathcal{A} \eqdef \{a_1, \dots, a_n\}$ and ${\mathcal{A}' \eqdef \{a'_1, \dots, a'_m\}}$ is a fundamental problem in robotics, arising in a wide range of perception and estimation pipelines.
In practice, o... |
1,941,325,219,123 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Typically, a granular system is defined as an ensemble of
macroscopic particles which collide inelastically, i.e. part of the kinetic
energy of the grains is dissipated in a collision. This simple ingredient
gives rise to a very rich phenomenology which is of interest not only from
practical or ... |
1,941,325,219,124 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There have been important recent advances in the calculation of
stellar opacities (Iglesias \& Rogers 1991; Kurucz 1991, and private
communication). For this reason, we have
embarked on a project to construct a new grid a theoretical isochrones
which use the latest avaliable physics, and cover a... |
1,941,325,219,125 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
High-energy collisions of atomic nuclei
may produce extended regions of space
within which chiral symmetry is temporarily nearly restored.
The subsequent non-equilibrium relaxation towards the normal vacuum
may then produce {\em disoriented chiral condensates} (DCC),
a cohe... |
1,941,325,219,126 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
\mylabel{introduction}
The \emph{Albanese variety} and the \emph{Albanese map} are truly fundamental constructions in algebraic geometry.
The terms were coined by Andr\'e Weil (\cite{Weil 1979}, page 438 and commentary on page 570, compare also \cite{Kleiman 2004}, page 328), in reference... |
1,941,325,219,127 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Toral nodal intersections}
Let $\mathbb T^d={\mathbb R}^d/{\mathbb Z}^d$ be the standard flat $d$-dimensional torus and
$\curve \subset \mathbb T^d$ a fixed reference curve\footnote{By a curve we always mean a parameterized, compact, immersed curve. }. Given a real-valued
eigenfunct... |
1,941,325,219,128 | arxiv | \section{Education}
\textbf{McElroy}: Hello, David. We are thankful to have the opportunity to
discuss your life and career. Could you describe for us the early
influences that led you to pursue a career in mathematics?
\textbf{Findley}: In high school I~found algebra and geometry
enjoyable and interesting. ... |
1,941,325,219,129 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{seccion2}
For a given smooth function $g=g(u)$ defined on some open interval $J\subset \mathbb{R},$ let us define the differential operator
\begin{equation}\label{operador}
\mathbb{D}_g=\mathbf{D}_t+g(u),
\end{equation} where $\mathbf{D}_t$ denotes the total derivative operator
\beg... |
1,941,325,219,130 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Steganography is the science to conceal secret messages in the carriers through slightly modifying the values which hard to detect by human perception. Similar to cryptography, the steganography provides methods for secret communication. Distinct from the cryptography method which focuses on the ... |
1,941,325,219,131 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Online multiple object tracking (MOT) usually performs three tasks simultaneously: a) object detection; b) motion prediction; c) appearance matching (also known as Re-Identification (ReID)).
Previous methods implement these three functions either separately, such as the earlier works using diffe... |
1,941,325,219,132 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
The recent influence of the theory of networks \cite{strogatz:1998,barabasi:2003,barabasi:2009} on the
classic field of coupled oscillatory units \cite{anishchenko:2007}
has led to the discovery of a plethora of novel phenomena, especially when the coupling between units
bec... |
1,941,325,219,133 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\IEEEPARstart{P}{oint} clouds are one of the fundamental representations of 3D data, and widely used for both research and applications in multimedia~\cite{chen2013point, wu2016fast, de2018graph, valsesia2020learning, zhang2020pointhop} because of the development of 3D sensing t... |
1,941,325,219,134 | arxiv | \section{DISPERSION RELATIONS IN TWO-DIMENSION BINARY DUSTY PLASMA}
In this article, we derive the dynamical matrix of a 2D binary complex plasma crystal in order to study the dispersion relation of the formed square lattice and to investigate its dependence on the involved particle charges and masses. In our approach... |
1,941,325,219,135 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and was supported by the LLNL-LDRD Program under Project No. 20-SI-003.
It is also supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Of... |
1,941,325,219,136 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{Intro}
Current DVB standards \added{such as Digital Video Broadcasting over Satellite} are increasingly going towards the need of high-speed bidirectional networks for consumer interactivity \cite{interact}. Nevertheless in consumer type of interactive satellite terminals, users generate ... |
1,941,325,219,137 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $V$ be a vector space with basis $e_1,\ldots,e_n$ over a field $\mathbbm{k},$ and let $E = \bigwedge_\mathbbm{k} \langle e_1,\ldots,e_n \rangle$ be the exterior algebra of $V$. The standard basis elements $e_{k_1} \wedge \cdots \wedge e_{k_s}$ of $E,$ with $k_1 < \ldots < k_s,$ are called mo... |
1,941,325,219,138 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sec:intro}}
Much effort has been spent in recent years on the problem of quantum transport along a 1-dimensional spin chain with or without the presence of some interaction with an external environment\cite{bose03,dhar03,roy07,wichterich07,znidaric10}. There are, however, only few examples ... |
1,941,325,219,139 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The implementation of automated tasks on web applications (apps), like crawling or testing, often requires software engineers to locate specific elements in the DOM (\emph{Document Object Model}) of a web page.
To do so, software engineers or automation/testing tools often rely on CSS (\emph{Ca... |
1,941,325,219,140 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Networks are simplified yet effective models for a large class of natural, socio-economic and technological systems described by complex interaction patterns.
Independently of the nature of the underlying interactions, the network representation allows capturing the emergent features of these s... |
1,941,325,219,141 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection*{Problem statement}
In the modern information age, increasingly more institutions are collecting and storing data.
Provided that a certain amount of privacy is guaranteed, some of these institutions might be willing to provide access to selected data sets.
Examples of such data may ... |
1,941,325,219,142 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The circumstellar disk around the A6V star \object{$\beta$ Pic} was discovered by IRAS in 1983 \citep{1984ApJ...278L..23A} and especially the inner part has been studied extensively ever since \citep{1995AJ....110..794K, 1997A&A...327.1123P, 1997MNRAS.292..896M, 2000ApJ...539..435H, 2005NatureTel... |
1,941,325,219,143 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) and large scale structures (LSS) have allowed cosmologists to formulate a model of cosmology
in which the standard model (SM) particles are a subdominant matter form. The model predicts the existence of dark
matter which only inter... |
1,941,325,219,144 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Section:Intro}
\subfile{sections/Introduction_v2}
\section{Problem Setting}
\label{Section:Problem}
\subfile{sections/Section2_problem_setting}
\section{Proposed optimization approach}
\label{Section:opt_approach}
\subfile{sections/Section4_proposed_optimization_algorithm}
\section{Minimum... |
1,941,325,219,145 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Pre-trained language models continue to display impressive performance across various domains of NLP, raising the important question of exactly what level of linguistic competence these models have acquired, particularly during the pre-training process. Although models show outstanding performan... |
1,941,325,219,146 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the study of random walks on graphs, many problems that are straightforward for undirected graphs are relatively complicated in the directed case. One basic problem concerns determining stationary distributions of random walks on simple directed graphs. For an undirected graph, the vector $\... |
1,941,325,219,147 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
\noindent Linear pencils of operators $L_\mathbf{A}(z):=A_0+z_1A_1+\cdots +z_NA_N$
on a Hilbert space which take contractive (resp., unitary or
$J$-unitary for some signature operator $J=J^*=J^{-1}$) values for
all $z=(z_1,\ldots,z_N)$ in the \emph{unit torus}
$\mathbb{T}^N:=\{\zet... |
1,941,325,219,148 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Recent progress in deep learning technologies has led to explosive development in machine learning and computer vision for building systems that have shown substantial improvements in a wide range of applications such as image classification \cite{krizhevsky2012imagenet,vggnet}... |
1,941,325,219,149 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As arguably the most natural extension of graph objects to hypergraphs, matchings have attracted a great deal of attention from both mathematicians and theoretical computer scientists.
However, the study of hypergraph matching problems is still a challenging task.
One particular reason for this ... |
1,941,325,219,150 | arxiv | \section{Reconstruction Algorithm} \label{sec:recon_algo}
In this section, we provide the mathematical steps of the reconstruction, proceeded by an explanation of the procedure for possible implementation on the computer. Afterward, we demonstrate a proof for the existence of the expected unique solution (the compl... |
1,941,325,219,151 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $ G $ be an undirected simple graph $ G $, where $ V(G) $ and $ E(G) $ denote the set of vertices and the set of edges of $ G $, respectively. For two vertices $ u,v \in V(G) $, $ u $ and $ v $ are \textit{neighbors} if they are adjacent, that is, if there is an edge $ e=uv \in E(G) $. The \... |
1,941,325,219,152 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The HADES (High-Acceptance DiElectron Spectrometer) at GSI Darmstadt is a fixed target experiment consisting of a 6-coil toroidal magnet centered around the beam axis and six identical detection sections, sectors, located between the coils covering polar angles between 18° and 85° \cite{Had09}. ... |
1,941,325,219,153 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Stars are formed in molecular clouds.
\textcolor{black}{To better understand the initiation of star formation, investigating the physical properties of molecular clouds at various scales, from several hundred pc to sub pc, is vital. In addition, it is critical to study them throughout a galaxy} \... |
1,941,325,219,154 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION }
The topic of identification of dynamic systems, has been at the core
of modern control , following the fundamental works of Kalman. A good
state of the art for linear dynamic systems can be found in the references
\cite{BRO}, \cite{KFA}, see also \cite{ABE} and \cite{DUP}. Realization
Theory ha... |
1,941,325,219,155 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The concept of complementarity, introduced by Niels Bohr \cite{bohr}, is
best illustrated in the two-slit experiment with particles. Right at the time
of the formulation of Bohr's principle, Einstein proposed his famous
recoiling-slit experiment, in a bid to refute it \cite{recoil}. Although
Eins... |
1,941,325,219,156 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A broad variety of systems show multi-arm spiraling, including spiral galaxies \cite{galax}, banded spherulites in polymeric systems \cite{band}, biological excitable systems \cite{siegert_1995, siegert_1996}, oscillating chemical reactions \cite{suganthi_2009,thomas_2013a}, spiraling growth edge... |
1,941,325,219,157 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The interest in investigating low-dimensional charge systems is boosted by the discoveries of quantized behavior at the globally measured resistances, when these systems are subject to high perpendicular magnetic fields $B$. In particular, integral~\cite{vKlitzing80:494} and fractional~\cite{FQHE... |
1,941,325,219,158 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\medskip
Consid\'erons l'op\'erateur de Grushin sur $\R_x^n \times \R_u$, qui
a \'et\'e initialement \'etudi\'e par Grushin (voir par exemple
\cite{G71})
\begin{eqnarray*}
\Delta_G = \sum_{i = 1}^n \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_i^2} + |x|^2
\frac{\partial^2}{\par... |
1,941,325,219,159 | arxiv | \section*{Appendix}
\subsection{1. Justification of mean-field approximation}
In this appendix we justify the use of the effective mean-field approximation in our study. The key points are that the influence of slow bosonic modes on the typical dynamics of fast fermionic modes can be well-approximated by a static fie... |
1,941,325,219,160 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In the absence of a full theory of quantum gravity, the study of quantum fields on a fixed, curved, space-time background has revealed many deep phenomena \cite{birrell-davies,fulling-book,wald,parker-toms}.
One of the most important of these is the production of quantum particl... |
1,941,325,219,161 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Auger recombination is a Coulomb interaction process where an electron-hole pair recombines nonradiatively by transferring the excess energy
to another charge carrier. Since this process is operative at high carrier densities, it has been discussed for decades as a loss mechanism in optoelectron... |
1,941,325,219,162 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Internet, which started off as a decentralised network, has over the years become increasingly centralised with a staggering percentage of communications flowing through access and service infrastructures controlled by a set of corporations who are (naturally) economically motivated. Such cen... |
1,941,325,219,163 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Swimming at micro scales is a topic of growing interest. There has been a lot of research in exploring new and efficient ways to generate propulsion at these scales, see \cite{becker2003self}, \cite{dreyfus2005microscopic}. A better understanding of the mechanism of swimming can lead to many appl... |
1,941,325,219,164 | arxiv | \section*{\large{Supplemental Material}}
\section{From the Hamiltonian to the energy-momentum tensor}
In this section, we demonstrate how the Hamiltonian can be obtained from the
corresponding energy-momentum tensor. As we will use the CFT formulation to demonstrate the existence of $\mathcal{N}=2$ SUSY, the ene... |
1,941,325,219,165 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Deep learning has seen a surge in popularity due to
breakthroughs in applications such as
computer vision,
natural language processing, and
reinforcement learning~\cite{he2016deep,karpathy2015deep, silver2016mastering,sutskever2014sequence}.
An important observation in much of... |
1,941,325,219,166 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A commonly used reference system in the study of strongly coupled plasmas is the one component plasma (OCP) model~\cite{1980PhR....59....1B}. The OCP consists of particles with charge $e$ and mass $m$ interacting via the Coulomb potential $e^2/r$ in a uniform, non-interacting background enforcing... |
1,941,325,219,167 | arxiv | \section{Most-Intersection Operator}
First we introduce a new set-intersection operator called `most-intersection', based on natural density and the logical quantifier `most', and we compare it with the standard set-theoretic intersection. We then give some applications in the next section. Our primary motivation in i... |
1,941,325,219,168 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Experimental signatures with two leptons with the same electric charge (same-charge) or multi-lepton final states are extensively exploited
in searches for physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM physics) at hadron colliders.
In many models, heavy BSM particles may be produced in proton--proton c... |
1,941,325,219,169 | arxiv | \subsection{\setcounter{equation}{0}
\gdef\theequation{\thesubsection.\arabic{equation}}\subs}
\let\sect\section
\renewcommand\section{\setcounter{equation}{0}
\gdef\theequation{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}\sect}
\begin{document}
{\allowdisplaybreaks[1]
\title{Theory of Non-Equilibrium Stationary
States\\ as a Th... |
1,941,325,219,170 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{S:intro}
First proposed during World War II to assess the performance of radar receiver operators \citep{cali2015some}, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is now an essential tool for analyzing the performance of binary classifiers in areas such as signal detection \citep... |
1,941,325,219,171 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{I}n tomographic imaging, a reconstruction method is employed to estimate the sought-after object from a collection of measurements obtained from an imaging system \cite{kak2002principles}. Since the sought-after object is usually described as a continuous fu... |
1,941,325,219,172 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent publications [66] we have given a generalization to the higher
dimensional case of the exponential decay of the two-point correlation
functions for models of Kac type. In this paper, we shall establish a weak
exponential decay of the n-point correlation functions, and provide an exact
... |
1,941,325,219,173 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Given a finite group $G$ and a set $S$ of generators of $G$, the associated Cayley graph $\Gamma$ is defined to have vertex set $G$ and edge set $\{ \{g,gs\} : g \in G, \ s \in S \}$. The diameter $\mathrm{diam}_{S}(G)$ of $\Gamma$ is the maximum over $g \in G$ of the length of a
shortest ex... |
1,941,325,219,174 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec.1}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
With the discovery of quantum mechanics, evidently, Boltzmann's
kinetic theory of rarified gases had to be revised. The modification
turned out to be minimal, in a certain sense. Only the classical
differential scattering cross section had to be replaced by ... |
1,941,325,219,175 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Coulomb branches of 3d $\mathcal{N}=4$ quiver gauge theories have rich geometric properties. In the last few decades, quivers composed of unitary gauge groups had been studied in great length.
Prominent physics approaches include Hilbert series \cite{Cremonesi:2013lqa}, abelianisation \cite{Bull... |
1,941,325,219,176 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Real-time Analog Signal Processing (R-ASP), a new paradigm for future millimeter-wave and terahertz high-speed wireless communications, consists in processing high-frequency ultrawide-band RF signals in real time using dispersion-engineering electromagnetic components called ``phasers"~\cite{Jou... |
1,941,325,219,177 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Zirconium-based alloys are commonly used as fuel cladding material in the core of nuclear power reactors because of their low thermal neutron capture cross section and good corrosion resistance~\cite{Lemaignan1994}. While in operation, the fuel cladding is in contact with water, which promotes th... |
1,941,325,219,178 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{intro}
Historically, the derivative was and remains to be a powerful tool in analyzing optimization problems and plays an important role in developing methods for characterizing and computing optimal solutions.
If the function $f:\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \overline{\mathbb{R}}$ is convex... |
1,941,325,219,179 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)~\cite{lecun1998gradient} are considered the go-to architecture for computer vision, ever since the inception of AlexNet~\cite{krizhevsky2012imagenet}, especially in fundamental vision tasks such as image classification~\cite{deng2009imagenet}... |
1,941,325,219,180 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
In recent years, perverse sheaves have become indispensable tools for studying complex algebraic varieties. They have seen important applications in fields like geometry and topology (e.g., the decomposition theorem \cite{BBD} and the topology of complex algebraic maps), representati... |
1,941,325,219,181 | arxiv |
\section{About the Mathematica Package}
The package provides a convenient interface to our SAT solver.
It has functionality for finding the number of polymers in a stable configuration ($\pcount$),
and for determining whether there is a stable configuration where a particular monomer is free ($\pfree$).
The functio... |
1,941,325,219,182 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s1}
In this note we investigate the boundedness property
of the pointwise multiplier of the functions
in H\"{o}lder--Zygmund spaces and
Besov--Morrey spaces
including the commutators.
Starting from the seminal papers \cite{GIP15,GIP16,Hairer14},
we investigate these operators from... |
1,941,325,219,183 | arxiv | \section{Introduction }\label{s1}
In this note, we study decay to zero for a class of degenerate evolution equations
\begin{equation}\label{Gamma}
\Gamma u'+ u = D(u,u)
\end{equation}
on a real Hilbert space $\bH$, where $D(\cdot,\cdot)$ is a bounded bilinear map on $\bH$
and $\Gamma$ is a (fixed) bounded linear ... |
1,941,325,219,184 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction}
In spite of the tremendous growth in designing non-noble materials for catalysis, noble metals are still at the heart of catalysis research due to their highest catalytic activity \cite{Liu2017}. Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) are often used due to the large surface-to-volume r... |
1,941,325,219,185 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The frustration of magnetic interactions allows for
new phenomena to emerge.
Some spin-chain compounds are frustrated
magnets in, for instance, the case of ferromagnetic (FM) nearest neighbor (NN) exchange interaction
($J_1$)
competing with an antiferromagnetic (AFM)
next-neighbor (N... |
1,941,325,219,186 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}
The hopping transport of quasi-localized electrons in disordered
conductors and semiconductors has been studied for many years - for
comprehensive reviews, see
Refs.~\cite{MottBook,ShklovskiiBook,EfrosPollackCollection}. The
more recent observation
\cite{AverinLikharev1991,Mats... |
1,941,325,219,187 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{chap-degr}
The task of distinguishing two quantum channels is one of the most
fundamental problems in quantum information. This problem, a weak
form of process tomography, asks not to completely characterize an unknown
quantum channel, but to identify it as one of two known channels.
An e... |
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