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1,941,325,218,988 | arxiv | \section*{SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL}
\section{Preparation and detection of Fermi gases}
\subsection{Optical pumping and evaporative cooling}
The realization of the Qi-Wu-Zhang model for quantum anomalous Hall phase relies on two-dimensional (2D) SO couplings. In our system, this model is realized via 2D SO couplings induce... |
1,941,325,218,989 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The reconstruction of an object's shape or surface from a set of 3D points is a highly relevant problem in medical image analysis. It appears for example in image segmentation, where images provide implicit information on the location of anatomical structures via intensity levels, which is freque... |
1,941,325,218,990 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{centering}
\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{Fig-conf1.pdf}
\end{centering}
\caption{(Color online) Real space configuration of coexisting metallic (M) and insulating (I) regions, separated by the interfaces.}
\label{Fig:real}
\end{figure}
The emerging picture of... |
1,941,325,218,991 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Non-linear Kalman filters, such as the extended Kalman filter~(EKF), the derivative-free unscented Kalman filter (UKF), and other Gaussian integration filters, are fundamental tools widely used in estimating a latent time-evolving state from partial and noisy measurements in, for instance, autom... |
1,941,325,218,992 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The radiation fields, winds and SNe of massive stars destroy and
disperse molecular material. This eventually ends star formation in
clusters, though before that happens, massive stars may trigger
further star formation \citep[e.g.][]{koenig12}. The removal of mass
from a cluster affects the clus... |
1,941,325,218,993 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cooperation can substantially improve the performance of a network. A common form of cooperation permits information exchange between the transmitting and receiving ends via rate-limited links, generally referred to as \emph{conferencing} \cite{Willems83_cooperating}. In this work, conferencin... |
1,941,325,218,994 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The JLQCD collaboration has recently produced ensembles of lattice
configurations with fine lattice spacings and good chiral
symmetry. Lattice simulations of 2+1-flavor QCD were performed using
the M\"obius domain-wall fermions~\cite{mobius} with tree-level
Symanzik gauge action. Table \ref{tab:... |
1,941,325,218,995 | arxiv |
\section{Appendix}
\label{sec:appendix}
\subsection{Implementation Details}
\label{sec:appendix_impl}
\paragraph{Neural texture.} We use a neural texture with 16 channels, where each body part and the background are represented by an atlas with $16\times 16$ pixel dimensions. As in the DensePose work, we adopt... |
1,941,325,218,996 | arxiv | \section*{\large\refname
\@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\refname}{\MakeUppercase\refname}}%
\list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
{\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
\leftmargin\labelwidth
\advance\leftmargin\labelsep
\@openbib@code
\usecounter{enumiv... |
1,941,325,218,997 | arxiv |
\section{Acknowledgements}
This research has been funded by FFG project LargeClouds2BIM.
The authors wish to thank \emph{Iconem} for providing data sets \emph{Palmyra} and \emph{Saint Roman}; \emph{Schloss Schönbrunn Kultur- und Betriebs GmbH, Schloss Niederweiden} and \emph{Riegl Laser Measurement Systems} for pro... |
1,941,325,218,998 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Though sulphur is only the tenth most abundant element in the interstellar medium (ISM) and stars, it has long been of interest for
astrochemists. First of all, the reservoir of sulphur in dense regions is a matter of debate. The depletion of sulphur in the diffuse medium does not seem to occur... |
1,941,325,218,999 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The existence of three fermion families and the observed pattern of Standard
Model (SM) fermion masses and mixing angles are not explained within the
context of the SM. Whereas in the quark sector, the mixing angles are small,
in the lepton sector two of the mixing angles are large and one is sm... |
1,941,325,219,000 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion}
In this work we propose a Gaussian basis function decomposition approach to bypass the rich training data problem of neural network models for the inverse problem of electrocardiography. We have shown that a network trained on basis function HSPs and their respective generated BSPs can be used to... |
1,941,325,219,001 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
What is usually called {\it aging} is a dynamical out-of-equilibrium physical phenomenon observed in disordered systems like spin-glasses at low temperature. It is defined by the existence of a limit of a given two-time (usually denoted by $t_\omega$ and $t_\omega+t$) correlation function of th... |
1,941,325,219,002 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the theory of Levi nondegenerate CR manifolds of hypersurface type, as developed by E. Cartan (\cite{Cartan32}, \cite{Cartan33}), N. Tanaka (\cite{Tanaka62}, \cite{Tanaka75}), and S.-S. Chern and J. Moser (\cite{CM74}), the role of flat models is played by the nodegenerate hyperquadrics. In... |
1,941,325,219,003 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Mesoscopic systems in normal (not superconducting) state lodge elementary excitations, such as excitons and plasmons.
They determine the response of the material to external perturbations.
Plasmons represent collective modes of particle density fluctuations and play an essential role in the mater... |
1,941,325,219,004 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of quantum quench, the evolution following a sudden or slow change of the coupling constants of the system Hamiltonian, has attracted much attention in recent years. Dynamics in quench processes can serve as a powerful tool in revealing rich correlations and inducing interesting non-equ... |
1,941,325,219,005 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Physical context}
The state of a quantum system evolving in a Riemannian manifold $\Omega$ is
described by
its \emph{wave function}, a point $\psi$ in $L^2(\Omega, \mathbf{C})$. When the
system is
submitted to an electric field (e.g., a laser), the time evolution of the wave
functi... |
1,941,325,219,006 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the LHC running and its experiments collecting data at an impressive rate, particle physics has entered a very exciting era. It will be a matter of years until we know whether the Standard Model (SM) provides an accurate description of electroweak symmetry breaking and the physics up to the... |
1,941,325,219,007 | arxiv | \section{\def\@secnumfont{\mdseries}\@startsection{section}{1}%
\z@{.7\linespacing\@plus\linespacing}{.5\linespacing}%
{\normalfont\scshape\centering}}
\def\subsection{\def\@secnumfont{\bfseries}\@startsection{subsection}{2}%
{\parindent}{.5\linespacing\@plus.7\linespacing}{-.5em}%
{\normalfont\bfseries}}
\make... |
1,941,325,219,008 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
Wireless communication powered by ambient or dedicated radio-frequency (RF) source has drawn significant attention recently~\cite{BiZhangComMag15, BiZhangWirelessCom16}. In particular, ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) enables RF-powered backscatter devices (BDs) to har... |
1,941,325,219,009 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Hurwitz zeta function $\zeta(a,x)$,
see (\ref{ZD}), is one of the most fundamental functions in mathematics.
It has important applications, for example, in number theory \cite{Apostol13,Arakawa14},
probability theory \cite{Karatsuba92} and in the evaluation of mathematical constants
\ci... |
1,941,325,219,010 | arxiv | \section{Main parameters radial profiles of individual galaxies}
\label{app:radial_prof}
In this section we show the radial profiles for each galaxy in the QGs and SFs samples of the main parameters analysed in this paper (i.e. [\ion{O}{iii}]/H$\alpha$\xspace, [\ion{N}{ii}]/[\ion{O}{ii}]\xspace, ionisation parameter lo... |
1,941,325,219,011 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec: introduction}
\subsection{Instrumental variable methods in matched observational studies}
\label{subsec: encouragement design example}
An instrumental variable (IV) can be thought of as a haphazard encouragement to take some treatment whose only effect on the outcome is through its ef... |
1,941,325,219,012 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, automotive driver-less vehicles have sparked a lot of vision research and unlocked the demands for the real time solutions for a number of unsolved problems in computer vision. While a commercial budget camera is an attractive choice of these vehicles, a significant distortion could be... |
1,941,325,219,013 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, new enhancements for cellular Internet of things (IoT) communication are proposed in the 3GPP releases~\cite{gozalvez2016new}. As the era of IoT approaches, wireless charging technology has been proposed as a promising solution to supply power to a massive number of wireless IoT devices... |
1,941,325,219,014 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, considerable attention has been given to $4d$ or $5d$-based materials showing a combination of sizable spin-orbit coupling and electronic correlations. In particular, the spin-orbit entangled $J_{eff}=1/2$ state found in Sr$_2$IrO$_4$ and related iridates is a direct consequence... |
1,941,325,219,015 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A transformation in computing architectures has emerged over the past decade in the quest to keep Moore's Law alive, leading to significant advancements in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning techniques\cite{Hoefler:2019,Reuther:2019}. The success of Machine Learning has caused a role re... |
1,941,325,219,016 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A group $W$ is called a {\it Coxeter group} if it admits a presentation of the form $\big \langle S \mid R \big \rangle$, where $S= \{ w_i \mid i \in \Pi\}$ is the set of generators and
\begin{equation}\label{Coxeter presentation}
R = \big \{ (w_iw_j)^{m_{i,j}}~ \mid m_{i,j}\in \mathbb{N} \cu... |
1,941,325,219,017 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In general, higher-order problems (i.e., of order higher than two) are notoriously difficult to deal with, especially if
we want to get exact solutions or obtain precise estimations. Here we start with the problem of finding the minimal
value of the simple quantity $\langle\hat{x}^{2n} + \hat{... |
1,941,325,219,018 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Time-frequency analysis is an important tool for analyzing and leveraging information from signals. Various time-frequency approaches lead to a particular decomposition of signals into important time-varying features which can illuminate intrinsic behaviors, be used for analytics, or assist in ... |
1,941,325,219,019 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Given a connected $3$--dimensional CW--complex, $X$, with universal cover, $\widehat X$, Whitehead's Certain Exact Sequence \cite{Wh2} yields the short exact sequence
\begin{equation}\label{ses1}
\xymatrix{
\Gamma \pi_2 X \, \ar@{>->}[r] & \pi_3 X \ar@{->>}[r] & \text{H}_3 \widehat X}
\end{equati... |
1,941,325,219,020 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Introduction}Introduction}
The effective thermal conductivity of complex insulating materials drastically depends on their micro-structure \cite{KWON_IJHMT2009,LANGLAIS_TI2004}.
In general, they are made of low thermal conductivity micrometer-sized elements in contact or near to contact. Enhanced in... |
1,941,325,219,021 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Seminal work of Gupta \& Kumar~\cite{Gupta:Kumar} and later studies, {\it e.g.}, \cite{scaling,scaling2} quantify the capacity in wireless ad hoc networks in terms of scaling laws or bounds. These results are very important but may not provide detailed insight into the actual p... |
1,941,325,219,022 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The AC-OPF problem has lately received increased
attention, spurred by the work in \cite{lavaeilow}. An important question
concerns the fundamental complexity of AC-OPF. In this
setting we note \cite{pascal}, which discusses a
proof of weak NP-hardness of AC-OPF on \textit{trees}; also see \cit... |
1,941,325,219,023 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Asymptotic behaviour of random polytopes formed by taking convex hulls
of samples of i.i.d. points has been thoroughly investigated in the
literature, see, e.g., \cite{gru93a,schn88ap} for surveys of classical
results and \cite{reit05} for more recent studies. Consider a... |
1,941,325,219,024 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Intro}
Magnetoresistance, the change in the electric resistance induced by the application of magnetic field, has two aspects of interests. One aspect is the magnetoresistance as the object of research itself from viewpoints of both basic and applied physics. The mechanisms of its large mag... |
1,941,325,219,025 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent results from distant supernova surveys have yielded
values of $\Omega_M$ (the matter density parameter of the Universe)
so low (in fact negative for $\Lambda = 0$) that they seem
unphysical and in disagreement
with CMB results. This inconsistency has lead to a renewed
exploration of cos... |
1,941,325,219,026 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We let $Out(F_r)$ denote the outer automorphism group for a rank $r$ free group \emph{$F_r$}. Culler and Vogtmann \cite{cv86} defined a topological space $CV_r$, \emph{Outer Space}, on which $Out(F_r)$ acts properly with finite stabilizers, in analogy with the action of each mapping class group ... |
1,941,325,219,027 | arxiv | \subsection*{Improved band mapping}
The conventional band-mapping method requires adiabatically ramping down of all lattice beams for a 3D optical lattice. The purpose of adiabatic ramping is to convert the lattice quasi momentum into the free-space real momentum.
In the Mott insulators phase, each atom is tightly tra... |
1,941,325,219,028 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec;introduction}
The problem of recovering an unknown low-rank matrix $\hat{X} \in \mathbb{R}^{m\times n}$ from the linear constraint
$\mathscr{A}(\hat{X})=\bm{b}$, where $\mathscr{A}:~\mathbb{R}^{m\times n}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}^p$ is the linear
transformation and $\bm{b} \in \mathb... |
1,941,325,219,029 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Being the centre of the Milky Way and a compact radio power\citep{2010RvMP...82.3121G}, sagittarius A* (SGR~A*) could be observed by many wavebands, e.g., radio sub-mm \citep{Bower2015,Bower2019,Brinkerink2015,Liu2016}, far infrared\citep{VonFellenberg2018}, near-infrared \citep{2018ApJ...863...... |
1,941,325,219,030 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Approximate chiral symmetry shapes, to a large extent, the low-energy properties of hadrons and interactions among them. Broken in the vacuum, chiral symmetry gets restored at sufficiently high temperature on a sharp crossover. A real phase transition would occur if quarks were massless, and c... |
1,941,325,219,031 | arxiv | {\mathcal P}{{\mathcal P}}
\newcommand{\grid}[3]{
\begin{scope}[yshift=5cm]
\foreach \row in {1, 4,..., #1}
{
\foreach \x in {1.73205, 3.4641, ..., #2}
{
\begin{scope}[]
\draw (\x, \row) +(30:1cm) -- +(90:1cm) -- +(150:1cm) -- +(210:1cm) -- +(270:1cm) -- +(330:1cm) -- cycle;
\end{scope}
}
\for... |
1,941,325,219,032 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is known that some of perspective doped transition-metal oxides: cuprates
~\cite{Kohsaka_etal2008, Yang_etal2008} and manganites ~\cite{Saitoh_etal2000} show mysterious pseudogap states.
It is surprising that the pseudogap states in such different oxides have common features~\cite{Rui_etal2... |
1,941,325,219,033 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Motivation and description of our results} \label{sec:motiv}
Our motivation begins in the early 20th century. This is when I.~M.~Vinogradov initiated the study of the distribution of both quadratic residues and non-residues modulo a prime $q$.
This remains a central theme in classic... |
1,941,325,219,034 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In statistical mechanics, for a random-walk process, the mean first-passage
time (MFPT) is the average time for the walker to reach some given final site
for the first time assuming that the walker started at a given initial site
\cite{1,2}.
In quantum mechanics, we can also consider the... |
1,941,325,219,035 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}}
\IEEEPARstart{A} legal identity of an entity (i.e. an individual/organization) is defined as a set of attributes about the entity (e.g., name). Identity management includes maintaining identity attribute data and controlling their access, which is fundamentally required i... |
1,941,325,219,036 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\Omega$ be a Lipschitz domain in $\mathbb{R}^d$, $d\geq 1$ and $I=(0,T)$.
We consider the following second order parabolic partial differential equation with time-dependent coefficients,
\begin{equation}\label{eq: heat equation}
\begin{aligned}
\partial_tu(t,x)+A(t,x) u(t,x) &= f(t,x), & (t,... |
1,941,325,219,037 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The transmission of cellular information plays an important role in various biological functions. In this process, environmental information is encoded to extracellular molecules, which generate a cellular response (Fig. \ref{fig-Schematic diagram of cellular information transmission}(a)). Howev... |
1,941,325,219,038 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A del Pezzo surface $S_d$ of degree $d$ ($1\leq d\leq 9$)
\footnote{In physics literatures, $S_d$ is usually denoted by $dP_{9-d}$ or $B_{9-d}$.
Here we follow the notation used in
\cite[\S 0]{MukaiMori}.
A brief account of the classification of
del Pezzo surfaces can be found there.}
is a smo... |
1,941,325,219,039 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sec:intro}}
Lunar laser ranging (LLR) has provided many of the best tests of
fundamental gravity since reflectors were first placed on the Moon in 1969
\cite{Bender:1973zz,Dickey:1994zz,murphyLLRReview2013}. Measurements are
packaged into ``normal points," primarily composed of a represen... |
1,941,325,219,040 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs) are young low-mass ($<2\,\mathrm{M_{\odot}}$) stellar objects surrounded by a circumstellar disk from which they still accrete. Accretion channeled by the stellar magnetic field is the most accepted theory for describing the observed characteristics of CTTSs \citep... |
1,941,325,219,041 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\par
The INTEGRAL data provide evidence for an anomalous production
of low-energy gammas from the galactic center~\cite{INTEGRAL}.
The excess is largest in the region at and below $\Egamma = 511$~keV
leading to the conclusion that positron-electron annihilation
is responsible. The question becom... |
1,941,325,219,042 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The temperature memory effect, as manifested by shape memory alloys, remarkably shows that a thermodynamic system can remember not only the sense of a transformation, as in magnetic hysteresis, but also quasi-precise temperatures at which certain actions were performed in the past, such as the i... |
1,941,325,219,043 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In studying a strongly coupled system using holographic techniques an important and fundamental observable to study is the
response of the system to an applied DC thermal or electric source. In order to get finite results one needs, in general, a mechanism to dissipate momentum. Within holograph... |
1,941,325,219,044 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Vacuum polarization is known to result in such nonlinear Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) effects as coherent photon scattering and photon splitting in an external electromagnetic field. Photon scattering in the electric field of atoms (Delbr\"uck scattering) has been investigated in detail both th... |
1,941,325,219,045 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Twisting supersymmetric field theories \cite{Witten:1988ze,Witten:1988xj}
has been a very powerful and successful tool for extracting mathematical structures from physical quantum field theories. Twisted theories, as they were originally discovered, involve fully topological twist, which renders... |
1,941,325,219,046 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Confinement of fluid in a small pore significantly alters the fluid's thermodynamic properties. Here we focus on the fluid compressibility, which is one of the key parameters governing the mechanical properties of fluid-saturated porous materials. For example, the knowledge of the compressibilit... |
1,941,325,219,047 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
When a computational problem cannot be solved exactly within the desired time
budget, a frequent solution is to employ approximation algorithms~\cite{Gonzalez:2007:HAA:1199638}.
With large data sets being the rule and not the exception today,
approximation is frequently applied... |
1,941,325,219,048 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Nowadays several problems can be addressed only via numerical algorithms. The study of particle accelerators is clearly among the many fields relying heavily on highly performing computers to execute various types of numerical algorithms for design, measurement, correction and operation of the ma... |
1,941,325,219,049 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The combination of spectral diagnostics and spatial information makes integral field spectroscopy a powerful tool for unveiling the physical processes driving galaxy evolution. Over the past 40 years, astronomers have used the luminosities and ratios of emission lines as diagnostics for a range o... |
1,941,325,219,050 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
\subsection{Branch sets of minimal disks}
\label{sec:mindisks}
Plateau's problem asks for the existence of a disk of minimal area whose boundary is
a prescribed Jordan curve of finite length. While the problem has a longer history, the first rigorous general solutions of ... |
1,941,325,219,051 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This article continues study of the \emph{efficient index hypothesis} (\emph{EIH}),
introduced in \cite{shafer/vovk:2001} (under a different name)
and later studied in \cite{\GTPi} and \cite{\CTvii}.
The EIH is a hypothesis about a specific index $I_t$, such as FTSE 100.
Let $\Sigma$ be an... |
1,941,325,219,052 | arxiv | \section{Appendix}
Optionally include extra information (complete proofs, additional experiments and plots) in the appendix.
This section will often be part of the supplemental material.
\end{document}
\subsubsection*{Acknowledgments}
Use unnumbered third level headings for the acknowledgments. All
acknowledgments,... |
1,941,325,219,053 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The effective Standard Model (SM) Lagrangian describing semileptonic $\Pbottom \rightarrow \Pup \Plepton \Pnulepton$ transitions is given by
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{L_\mathrm{eff}} = \frac{-4G_\mathrm{F}}{\sqrt{2}} V_\mathrm{ub} (\APup \gamma_\mu P_\mathrm{L} \Pbottom) (\APneutrino \gamma^\mu P... |
1,941,325,219,054 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Inflationary cosmologies have become the most
popular models of the early universe. Their ability
to solve many of the problems inherent in the standard cosmology \cite{KT,LIN},
whilst simultaneously offering a mechanism for the generation of the seed
fluctuations for structure formation \cite{L... |
1,941,325,219,055 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec-intro}
\subsection{Overview}
\label{sec-overview}
For $\gamma \in (0,2)$, a \emph{Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surface} is (formally) a random Riemann surface parameterized by a domain $D\subset \mathbbm C$ whose Riemannian metric tensor is $e^{\gamma h(z)} \, dx\otimes dy$, wher... |
1,941,325,219,056 | arxiv | \section*{Author contributions}
\pagebreak
\onecolumngrid
\begin{center}
\textbf{\large Supplementary information for ``The shape of memory in temporal networks"}\\[.2cm]
\end{center}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\setcounter{figure}{0}
\setcounter{table}{0}
\setcounter{page}{1}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{S... |
1,941,325,219,057 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Liquid crystals (LCs) are soft matter with anisotropic properties characterized by their long-range orientational order.
In a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) phase, for example, molecules with molecular long axes possess a preferred orientation, which drives them to align along a common direction.... |
1,941,325,219,058 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
AI and machine learning pervade every aspect of modern life from email spam filtering and e-commerce, to financial security and medical diagnostics \cite{googleAI_breastcancer, Springereaav4772}. Deep learning in particular has been one of the key innovations that has truly pushed the boundary o... |
1,941,325,219,059 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
During the last few decades, density functional theory (DFT) has emerged as one of the most reliable and efficient numerical method to simulate a wide range of materials. However, it is well known that the most employed local and semilocal functionals suffer from many problems, in particular the... |
1,941,325,219,060 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
A flat affine manifold $M$ is a $C^\infty$ manifold equipped with a
flat torsionfree connection on $TM$. Equivalently, a flat affine
structure on a manifold is provided by an atlas of coordinate charts
whose transition functions are all affine maps $x\mapsto Ax+b$. The
total sp... |
1,941,325,219,061 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Selecting a study population from a larger source population is a common procedure, for example in an observational study with data from a population register. Based on the research question, the study population is commonly constructed from one or several inclusion/exclusion c... |
1,941,325,219,062 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In this paper we prove estimates on the speed of ergodicity for a
class of nilflows on higher step nilmanifolds, under Diophantine
conditions on the frequencies of their toral projections. By the
classical theory, nilflows with minimal, hence uniquely ergodic, toral
projection ... |
1,941,325,219,063 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Yang-Mills theories wave functional studies in Coulomb gauge have enjoyed a renewed interest in the last years \cite{Szczepaniak:2001rg,Feuchter:2004mk,Schleifenbaum:2006bq,Epple:2006hv,Quandt:2010yq}, since they bypass an explicit construction of the physical Hilbert sp... |
1,941,325,219,064 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Channels with Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) and Additive White
Gaussian Noise (AWGN) are often encountered in practice. Depending on
the application, an average-input power constraint or a finite input
alphabet constraint is commonly studied. Recently, in applications
such as millimeter wave \... |
1,941,325,219,065 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Water is the main solvent on earth and the primary component of living organisms. The ultrafast processes that unfold in water on a femto- to picosecond time scale are thus of direct relevance to many biological and chemical processes, e.g., radiation damage and reaction kinetics \cite{ball17,ga... |
1,941,325,219,066 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
One of the most reliable solutions to the missing mass in the Universe implies
that it is constituted by Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs),
clustered in galaxies as dark haloes.
The astrophysical evidence of these particle dark matter (DM) candidates can
be ex... |
1,941,325,219,067 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and ultrathin transition-metal dichalcogenides have been attracting significant interest due to their highly tunable physical properties and immense potential in scalable device applications.\cite{Geim, Chhowalla, Hu, Bhimanapati} However, in con... |
1,941,325,219,068 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Given a family of varieties over a number field $k$, a natural question is the following: how ``many'' varieties in the family contain a rational point? To make this question more precise, we shall use height functions.
Let $X$ be a variety over $k$ equipped with a dominant morphism $\pi:X \to ... |
1,941,325,219,069 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There is a long standing controversy on the rendering of the fundamental thermodynamic concepts in the special-relativistic form.
In 1907 Mosengeil, Planck, and Einstein \cite{Mosengeil:1907,Planck:1907,Einstein:1907}, independently showed that if a thermodynamic system with temperature $T$ is... |
1,941,325,219,070 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this work, we construct and study a new class of probability
measure-valued Markov processes on the real line $\mathbb R$. Our model
arises from a modified stepwise mutation model (see Section 1.1.10
of \cite{[E00]} for classical stepwise mutation model): the mutation
process of each individua... |
1,941,325,219,071 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Excitability is a dynamical feature shared by nonlinear systems that lie in vicinity of bifurcation underlying transition from stationary state toward the sustained periodic activity \cite{I07}. Study of models where stochastic excitable dynamics is crucial for shaping local or collective beha... |
1,941,325,219,072 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quasiparticle couplings such as phonon-phonon and electron-phonon interactions
play a central role in condensed matter physics. In energy materials, it is critical to understand the interaction
between phonons and the electronic structure, and how the chemical bonding impacts atomic vibrations,... |
1,941,325,219,073 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Entanglement is a key important resource in quantum information and
quantum computation \cite{book}. The advantage of quantum computer,
the powerful computation, comes from multipartite entanglement,
compared with classical computer. Also, entanglement is used as the
information ... |
1,941,325,219,074 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The goal of this paper is to give an exposition of the theory of
forms of tensor categories over arbitrary fields, providing a
categorical counterpart of the classical theory of forms of
algebraic structures (such as associative algebras, Lie algebras,
Hopf algebras, algebraic varieties, etc.). ... |
1,941,325,219,075 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}}
In accordance with~\cite{simo2015neuroaesthetics}, fashion has a vital impact on our society because clothing typically reflects a person's social status. This is also expected in the growing online retail sales, reaching 529 billion dollars in the US, and 302 billion euros in ... |
1,941,325,219,076 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The atomic interaction is of essential importance in the numerical investigation of most physical or mechanical processes. The present work provides parameters for the Stillinger-Weber (SW) empirical potential for 156 two-dimensional atomic crystal (TDACs). In practical applications, these layer... |
1,941,325,219,077 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Since the launch of {\it Chandra} and {\it XMM-Newton}, it has become
evident that the X-ray emitting gas in the cores of galaxy clusters
is being heated and redistributed by powerful radio sources. Images
of cluster cores over the past few years show a wealth of structure,
mu... |
1,941,325,219,078 | arxiv | \section{Conclusion}
In this paper, we have re-investigated the applicability of a small model theorem to
the model checking of STMs with respect to opacity.
While neither the small model theorem is incorrect nor the model checking results
for the algorithms {\em as given in the paper} are, the general applica... |
1,941,325,219,079 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The fast multiplication algorithm discovered by Anatoly Karatsuba in 1960 (and published two years later) is known to be the oldest algorithm faster than the ``grade school'' method (when involved numbers or polynomials are large enough); while newer algorithms are still faster for sufficiently l... |
1,941,325,219,080 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The flat rotation curves of the neutral hydrogen clouds in the
halos of the galaxies reveal that there must be huge amount of
nonluminous matter in the galactic halo region
\cite{Oort1932,Zwicky1933,Zwicky1937,Freeman1970,Roberts1973,Ostriker1974,Einasto1974,Rubin1978,Sofue2001}.
Researchers... |
1,941,325,219,081 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
There has been a considerable interest in physical systems with
large scattering length recently.
This interest was stimulated by the effective
field theory program in nuclear physics \cite{Beane:2000fx,Bedaque:2002mn}
and by the experimental realization of Feshbach resonances ... |
1,941,325,219,082 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:1}
Designing a reward function for a reinforcement learning agent could be a cumbersome task. Using human experts to demonstrate a task to an artificial agent to learn from could both speed up the learning process and equally reduces the burden of designing reward functions by hand. ... |
1,941,325,219,083 | arxiv | \section{Electronic Submission}
\label{submission}
Submission to ICML 2022 will be entirely electronic, via a web site
(not email). Information about the submission process and \LaTeX\ templates
are available on the conference web site at:
\begin{center}
\textbf{\texttt{http://icml.cc/}}
\end{center}
The guidelines b... |
1,941,325,219,084 | arxiv | \subsection{Ablations}
\label{subsec:ablations_ssl}
In the ablation studies use the Imagenette dataset with the parameters described in the previous section. We aim to identify various parameters of our model and examine its behaviour in different circumstances.
\paragraph{Learning Rate Schedule Comparison}
\label{su... |
1,941,325,219,085 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The fluid dynamic video illustrates the various interactions between a
liquid water drop and a superhydrophobic surface. As well-known,
a water drop will typically rebound from a superhydrophobic surface after impact (first impact),
thanks to a special wetting conditions, i.e. the so-called Ca... |
1,941,325,219,086 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
\vskip2mm
\noindent
Let $X: M^{n}\to \mathbb{R}^{n+p}$ be an $n$-dimensional submanifold in the $(n+p)$-dimensional Euclidean space
$\mathbb{R}^{n+p}$.
If a family of submanifolds for $t \in [0, T)$, satisfies
$$
\dfrac{\partial X(t)}{\partial t}=\vec{H(t)}, X(0)=X,
$$
it is called mean curv... |
1,941,325,219,087 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the advanced machine learning technologies, we can process the explosion data effectively. Deep learning is one of the most popular techniques, and has been successfully applied in many computer vision tasks, such as image classification \cite{He2016DeepResidue,spn-tcsvt}, semantic segmen... |
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