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1,941,325,219,188
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} The Dyson equation is at the heart of many important physical problems, taking its roots in many-body formalisms for the Green's function \cite{Kadanoff62, Economou06}. The real-space version of the Dyson equation is of particular importance in the framework of inhomoge...
1,941,325,219,189
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{A}{} geometric sequence is a series of numbers in which the ratio between any two consecutive terms is fixed. Recall that a geometric sequence is expressed by \begin{equation*} \{a, ar, ar^2, ar^3, \cdots \} \end{equation*} where $a$ is the initial term and $r$ is the common ra...
1,941,325,219,190
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The investigation of vector mesons is actual up to now due to their role in forming the electromagnetic structure of particles and because, {\it e.g.}, in the $\rho$-family, only the $\rho(770)$ meson can be deemed to be well understood \cite{PDG-06}. The other $\rho$-like mesons must be eith...
1,941,325,219,191
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The theory of noncommutative martingales has enjoyed considerable progress in recent years due to its interaction with other field of mathematics such as operator spaces and free probability. Many classical martingale inequalities have been extended to the noncommutative setting. We refer ...
1,941,325,219,192
arxiv
\section{Introduction The seminal paper by Birkhoff and von Neumann \cite{BiNe} showed that the events of quantum mechanical measurements do not fulfill the axioms of Boolean algebras and therefore also do not axioms of the classical probability theory presented by Kolmogorov \cite{Kol}. It initiated the research...
1,941,325,219,193
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Monitoring of regions of strong-field gravity is now possible with a wide array of observatories, including gravitational-wave detectors~\cite{Abbott:2016blz,Abbott:2020niy} and very long baseline interferometry~\cite{Akiyama:2019cqa,Abuter:2020dou}. These observatories will be u...
1,941,325,219,194
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent Black hole analogues are fluid dynamical analogue of the black hole space time as perceived in the general theory of relativity \cite{unr81,unr95,vis98,bil99,nov02,car05,bar05,us07}, and such analogue systems can be constructed for a small linear perturbation propagating throug...
1,941,325,219,195
arxiv
\section{Introduction.} Consider a smooth projective curve $C$ with a spin line bundle $L\to C$ such that $h^0(C,L) =~1$. Let $p\in C$ be a zero of the corresponding spinor (i.e. the holomorphic section of $L$). Let $f: C\to PH^0(C,L(p))^{\vee}$ be the map that maps a point on $C$ to the hyperplane in $H^0(C,L(p))$ ...
1,941,325,219,196
arxiv
\section*{Appendix \thesection\protect\indent \parbox[t]{11.15cm}{#1}} \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Appendix \thesection\ \ \ #1}} \newcommand{\appwithlabel}[2]{\addtocounter{section}{1}\setcounter{equation}{0} \renewcommand{\thesection}{\Alph{section}} \section*{Appendix \thesection\protect\indent \parbox[t]{11.15cm...
1,941,325,219,197
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Sequence labeling is an important task that finds applications in many areas such as bio-informatics, natural language processing (NLP), speech recognition, image processing etc. Depending upon the underlying sequence labeling task, labels are assigned to the tokens present in the sequenc...
1,941,325,219,198
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon $a_\mu \equiv (g-2)_\mu/2$ presents an intriguing possible probe of new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) \footnote{Recent lattice calculations of the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to $g-2$ \cite{Borsanyi:2020mff,Lehner:...
1,941,325,219,199
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The realization of the settings which emulate the spin-orbit (SO)\ coupling in ultracold atomic gases \cite{SOC1,SOC2,SOC-2D,SOC-review} has opened up a vast research area in studies of matter waves. In particular, the interplay of the linear SO coupling with intrinsic nonlinearity of Bose-...
1,941,325,219,200
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{section:introduction} How to learn complex temporal sequence patterns by means of neural network models has been a challenging problem. Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) \cite{Jordan86,Elman90,Pollack91,Zipser89} have been one of the most popular models applied to temporal sequence learnin...
1,941,325,219,201
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Non-equilibrium dynamics of strongly coupled system is one of the most challenging tasks in theoretical physics. It is not only interesting in cosmology and particle physics, but also interesting within condensed matter physics \cite{henkel,hohenberg,Polkovnikov:2010yn}. In re...
1,941,325,219,202
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the framework of the $\Lambda$CDM Universe hierarchical structure formation feedback, either by star formation or processes connected to active galactic nuclei (AGN), shape the observed galaxy population in today's Universe \citep[e.g.,][]{croton_06a}. Powerful FR~I and FR~II radio galaxies ar...
1,941,325,219,203
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years a semiclassical first approximation to strongly coupled QCD, light-front~(LF) holographic AdS/QCD, has been developed~\cite{deTeramond:2005su,Brodsky:2006uqa,Brodsky:2007hb, Brodsky:2008pg,Brodsky:2008pf,deTeramond:2008ht,deTeramond:2010ge,Brodsky:2014yha} and successfully used ...
1,941,325,219,204
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \fancyhead{} \pagestyle{fancy} \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} \fancyhead[LE,RO]{\thepage} \fancyhead[CO]{L.-P. Arguin, P. Bourgade and M. Radziwi\l\l} \fancyhead[CE]{The Fyodorov-Hiary-Keating Conjecture. I.} \fancyfoot{} Motivated by the problem of understanding the global maximum of the R...
1,941,325,219,205
arxiv
\section{Accuracy}\label{apx:accuracy} \begin{figure*}[t!] \subfigure[VGGNet ($B=64$)]{ \includegraphics[width=.48\hsize]{imgs/{VGG-10-64-0.01-accuracy}.pdf} } \subfigure[VGGNet ($B=4096$)]{ \includegraphics[width=.48\hsize]{imgs/{VGG-10-4096-0.1-accuracy}.pdf} } \subfigure[NIN ($B=64$)]{ \incl...
1,941,325,219,206
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Golden ratio is well known by everyone and this ratio possesses rich application areas such as architecture, painting, design, music, nature, optimization, and perceptual studies. However, in fact, it is probably fair to say that the golden ratio has inspired thinkers of all disciplines...
1,941,325,219,207
arxiv
\section{Introduction} When a primary cosmic ray particle interacts with a molecule in the atmosphere, a shower of energetic hadrons including pions $(\pi^\pm)$ and kaons $(K^\pm)$ are generated. These quickly decay and produce relativistic muons~\cite{muon1, pdg} that are highly boosted with the livetime long enough ...
1,941,325,219,208
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{T}{HE} early digital cryptocurrencies rely on central authorities to settle transactions. Digital cryptocurrencies did not flourish, until the advent of Bitcoin \cite{nakamoto2008bitcoin, antonopoulos2014mastering}. To avoid single points of failure, Bitcoin is designed as a decentr...
1,941,325,219,209
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Of late, two-dimensional (2D) materials have piqued the curiosity of the scientific mind. From graphene\cite{NGgr04,ZTgr05} to transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs),\cite{CPtmd14} this class of materials has received much acclaim for its role in next-generation nanoscale devices, with advanced ...
1,941,325,219,210
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Complex systems, consisting of several components that interact, arise in a natural way in a wide range of applications. The components may be complex themselves (they may e.g.\ contain a database; may have their specific internal logic and an appropriate inference mechanism; ...
1,941,325,219,211
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The classical nearest-neighbor Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the pyrochlore lattice stands as an epitome of geometric frustration in three dimensions as shown by its failure to develop magnetic long-range order down to absolute zero temperature, realizing what has been dubbed a ``cooperative par...
1,941,325,219,212
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A \textit{graph} on a set $X$ is a symmetric irreflexive relation $G \subseteq X^2$. A set $A \subseteq X$ is \textit{$G$-independent} iff $A^2 \cap G = \emptyset$. The \textit{chromatic number} of $G$, $\chi(G)$, is the least cardinality of a family of $G$-independent sets covering the underlyi...
1,941,325,219,213
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A new tool is now available to probe the population of recently formed massive stars, while still embedded in their parent clouds. Such stars are surrounded by a compact H\,{\sc ii} region, with an ionization front working outwards into the cloud. Regions undergoing massive star formation contai...
1,941,325,219,214
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Multi-armed bandit (MAB) problems are well-known models of sequential decision-making under uncertainty~\citep{lairobbins} and have lately been used to model new and exciting decision problems in content recommendation systems, online advertising platforms, and social networks, a...
1,941,325,219,215
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{sec:Int}} \textit{Introduction.--}Floquet topological phases, as created by time-periodic modulations, have been an experimental reality in both synthetic metamaterials \cite{Rechtsman2013,Szameit2017,Cheng2019,Aidelsburger2020} and actual condensed-matter systems \cite{Wang2013Exp,Mciver20...
1,941,325,219,216
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Financial companies make decisions about how to control their risk exposure optimally through business activities aimed at maximizing or minimizing various objective functions. Such decisions have recently been the focus of numerous studies (e.g., \cite{Zhou2003}, \cite{He2015}, \cite{NS2020}). I...
1,941,325,219,217
arxiv
\section{Introduction and the model\label{sec:intro}} A light, confining hidden sector coupled feebly to the Standard Model (SM) is in general an interesting possibility for new physics, often referred to as a hidden valley (HV)~\cite{Strassler:2006im}. More sharply, it can be part of the answers to outstanding questi...
1,941,325,219,218
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Understanding the origin of polarization in the radiation from charged particles is of central importance in the study of many astrophysical objects like gamma-ray-bursts (GRBs)~\cite{wiersema2014,troja2017}, supernova remnants (SNRs)~\cite{milne1974,bandiera2016}, active gala...
1,941,325,219,219
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The physics goal at RHIC is to study and identify the properties of matter with partonic degrees of freedom~\cite{starwhitepaper}. Hard probes such as identified particles at high $p_T$, heavy flavor and jets are thought to be well calibrated probes since they are calculable in the perturbative ...
1,941,325,219,220
arxiv
\section{introduction} {\it Introduction.---} In a bilayer system with a small interlayer twist angle $\theta$, moir\'e pattern forms and leads to novel two-dimensional (2D) phenomena. In twisted bilayer graphene (TBG), there are magic twist angles, at which Dirac Fermi velocity vanishes \cite{Bistritzer2011}. Low-ene...
1,941,325,219,221
arxiv
\section{introduction} Let $A:=A_n$ be the free associative algebra with $n$ generators over $\mathbb{C}$. Consider its lower central series as a Lie algebra, i.e., the Lie ideals $L_m(A)\subset A$ defined recursively by $L_1(A)=A, L_i(A)=[A,L_{i-1}(A)]$, and the corresponding associated graded Lie algebra $B(A):=\o...
1,941,325,219,222
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One main focus of heavy-ion collision experiments is to understand the properties of the liquid-gas phase transition in nuclear matter \cite{Agostino05,Das05}. This phase transition is also important for various astrophysical reasons. For example, it plays a significant role in the dynamics of su...
1,941,325,219,223
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the last two years, Natural Language Processing has been shaken by the release of large pre-trained language models based on self-attention, like BERT \cite{bert}. Ranking models based on BERT are currently state-of-the-art for adhoc IR, and rank first on leaderboards\footnote{\url{https://...
1,941,325,219,224
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} The recent results of the Planck experiment \cite{1303.5062,1303.5076} generated lively discussions \cite{1301.3119,1303.6267,1303.6270,1304.5243,1304.5981,1304.6217,1305.1971,1306.6766,1307.2904,1307.7715,1308.3255,1308.5870} on the value of the effective number of relativi...
1,941,325,219,225
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Studies of CP violation in the $B$-meson system and the determination of the three angles $\alpha$, $\beta$ and $\gamma$ of the usual non-squashed unitarity triangle \cite{ut} of the Cabibbo--Kobayashi--Maskawa matrix (CKM matrix) \cite{ckm} are among the central targets of future...
1,941,325,219,226
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $X$ be a smooth projective $n$-fold with ample canonical bundle defined over $\mathbb{C}$. Then by the celebrated solution of Calabi's conjecture (\cite{a,y}), there exists a unique K\"{a}hler-Einstein form $\omega_{E}$ such that \[ -\mbox{Ric}_{\omega_{E}} = \omega_{E}, \] where $\mbox...
1,941,325,219,227
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s1} The question of scale and nature of T-invariance violation in fundamental interactions remains open. So far only the results, obtained in K$^0$-meson decays \cite{1a}, evidence for such violation. Many researches of T-noninvariant effects in nuclear processes, in neutron $\beta$-decay...
1,941,325,219,228
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We work over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. \\ Alexeev and Brion construct a moduli stack $AB(V)$ parametrizing finite torus equivariant maps from stable (also known as broken) toric varieties $X$ to a fixed projective variety $V$ \cite{ab}, generalizing Alexeev's construct...
1,941,325,219,229
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} In this paper, we consider a family of McKean-Vlasov stochastic differential equations (SDEs) on $\mathbb{R}^d$, parametrised by $\theta\in\mathbb{R}^p$, of the form \begin{align} \mathrm{d}x_t^{\theta}&= B(\theta,x_t^{\theta},\mu_t^{\theta})\mathrm{d}t + \sigma(x_t^{\the...
1,941,325,219,230
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace*{-.15cm} The concept of parsimony is central in many scientific domains. In the context of statistics, signal processing or machine learning, it may take several forms. Classically, in a variable or feature selection problem, a sparse solution with many zeros is sought so that the mode...
1,941,325,219,231
arxiv
1,941,325,219,232
arxiv
\section{introduction} Various extensions of the Standard Model include additional quarks in vector representations of the standard model gauge group. Examples include little Higgs theories \cite{lh,littlest,SU6Sp6}, topcolor models \cite{tc}, and extra dimensional theories with bulk fermions. Vector-like matter...
1,941,325,219,233
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:1} Let $n$ and $t$ be positive integers with $t<n$, and let $q$ be a prime power. Let ${\rm PG}(n-1,q)$ denote the $(n-1)$-dimensional projective space over the finite field $\ensuremath{\mathbb{F}}_q$. A {\em partial $(t-1)$-spread} $S$ of ${\rm PG}(n-1,q)$ is a collection of $(t-1...
1,941,325,219,234
arxiv
\section{Reduced order model algorithms \label{sec:rom_algorithm}} One natural extension to \cite{cagniart2017model,cagniart2019model,nonino2019overcoming} is \textcolor{black}{utilizing} neural networks to learn \textcolor{black}{a} coordinate transformation $T_{t,\mu}$. However, it is nontrivial to measure how a coor...
1,941,325,219,235
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Decay of correlations} Let $(X,f,\mu)$ be a measure preserving dynamical system. Recall that the system is said to be \emph{mixing} if for any functions $\phi$, $\psi$ in $L^2$ the covariance \begin{equation}\label{eq:doc} \cov(\phi\circ f^n,\psi) := \int \phi\circ f^n\psi d\mu - \...
1,941,325,219,236
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Transformer based models achieved state-of-the-art results on a diverse set of tasks across different domains but most of the architectures have quadratic memory and computational complexity \citep{devlin2019bert}. Some recent studies introduced models with the reduction of original complexity \c...
1,941,325,219,237
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s:preliminaries} An important strategy to tackle the local-global conjectures in modular representation theory of finite groups is to try to reduce them to stronger statements about simple groups. Such reduction theorems are obtained by techniques of Clifford theory, and in particular, ...
1,941,325,219,238
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, latent-state models --- particularly hidden Markov models (HMMs) --- have become increasingly popular tools for time series analyses. In many applications, the data at hand follow some pattern within some periods of time but reveal different stochastic properties during other pe...
1,941,325,219,239
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The Eliashberg formalism \cite{Eliashberg1960A} allows for the analysis of classical phonon-mediated superconducting state at the quantitative level. The input parameters to the Eliashberg equation are: the spectral function, otherwise called the Eliashberg function ($\alpha^{2}F\left(\omega\rig...
1,941,325,219,240
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Systems whose constituents posses an innate ability to convert energy available in their environment into directed motion are commonly referred-to as active matter. In the context of biological systems, it encapsulates a broad range of living phenomena, ranging from macroscopic multi-cellular o...
1,941,325,219,241
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introd} Spatially extended evolutionary game theory models have found widespread applications in population dynamics, with the aim to explore the complex spatio-temporal patterns that characterize ecological and biological systems in which multiple species interact cooperatively or comp...
1,941,325,219,242
arxiv
\section{Stochastic Continuous Greedy}\label{sec:scg} In this section, we introduce our main algorithm, \alg (SCG), which is a stochastic variant of the continuous greedy method to to solve Problem~\eqref{eq:mainproblem}. We only assume that the expected objective function $F$ is monotone and DR-submodular and the st...
1,941,325,219,243
arxiv
\section{Distributed Games and Strategies}\label{sec:diststrats} \begin{abstract} A summary of work on distributed games and strategies done within the first three years of the ERC project ECSYM is presented. \end{abstract} \section{Motivation} \newcommand{{\it vs.}}{{\it vs.}} My current interest is to develop a mat...
1,941,325,219,244
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Some time ago, Cardy famously employed modular invariance to obtain the high-temperature behavior of conformal field theory (CFT) partition functions in two dimensions \cite{Cardy:1986ie}. This result has since been exploited in a variety of contexts, including the statistical physics of black h...
1,941,325,219,245
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For us, an operator algebra is a norm closed algebra of operators on a Hilbert space, or equivalently a closed subalgebra $A$ of a $C^*$-algebra $B$. In this paper we shall assume for simplicity that $A$ and $B$ share a common identity element. In `noncommutative peak interpolation' as surveyed...
1,941,325,219,246
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The method of the radiative return, i.e. the study of events with initial state radiation (ISR) at electron-positron colliders, allows to measure the hadronic cross section over a wide range of energies in a single experiment, without changing the beam energy. Originally sugges...
1,941,325,219,247
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In string theory an oft-used approach to studying black holes is to consider wrapped black strings in one dimension higher. The supergravity solution of the black string contains an AdS$_3$ factor in the near-horizon limit, and via the AdS/CFT corespondence there exists a dual two-dimensional CF...
1,941,325,219,248
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{sec:Introduction}} The smallest insects (body length $<$ 2 mm) such as thrips fly at a chord-based Reynolds number ($Re$) on the order of 10, representing what may be considered as the aerodynamic lower limit of flapping flight. Flight at such low $Re$~is challenged by significant viscous d...
1,941,325,219,249
arxiv
\section{Conclusions} A strong magnetoelastic effect is reported in the CeCo$_{1-x}$Fe$_{x}$Si alloys. The forced magnetostriction $\Delta L(B) / L$ is shown to change by an order of magnitude in response to slight changes of the Fe content $x$ showing a maximum around the critical concentration $x_c$ where the N\'eel...
1,941,325,219,250
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The domain of representation learning has undergone tremendous advances due to improved supervised learning techniques. However, unsupervised learning has the potential to leverage large pools of unlabeled data, and extend these advances to modalities that are otherwise impractical or impossible....
1,941,325,219,251
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Estimating statistics of frequency vectors implicitly defined by insertion-only update streams, as defined in the abstract, was first studied by Flajolet and Martin in \cite{FlajoletM85}. They studied the so-called {\em distinct elements problem}, in which $f(x)$ is the support size of $x$. In t...
1,941,325,219,252
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Fujita approximation theorem, \cite{fuj}, is an important result in algebraic geometry. It states that whilst the section ring associated to a big line bundle $L$ on an algebraic variety $X$ \[ R(L)\stackrel{\rm def}{=} \oplus_n H^0(nL, X)\] is typically not a finitely generated algebra, i...
1,941,325,219,253
arxiv
\section*{Working plan} \keywords{\emph{Fractional calculus, Caputo derivative, Fractional differential equation, Comparison principle, Lyapunov's first method, Lyapunov's second method, Asymptotic behavior, Stability, Asymptotic stability, Mittag-Leffler stability.}} {\it 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification:} {\s...
1,941,325,219,254
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The dynamical susceptibility $\chi({\bf q},\omega)$ of an interacting Fermi system, and, in particular, its imaginary part, is a fundamental quantity which contains the information about the strength of fluctuations of a particular order parameter. The charge ($c$) and spin ($s...
1,941,325,219,255
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{secintroduction} Recently Hucht \cite{Hucht09} (see also \cite{Kadauetal08}), motivated by the phenomenon of magnetic friction, formulated a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) Ising model of a new type. It consists of two parallel linear Ising chains having a relative velocity $v$. In ad...
1,941,325,219,256
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Along with the development of deep neural networks, text recognition methods have significantly improved. Currently, most state-of-the-art methods can easily recognize simple horizontal texts. Recently, the research trend has progressed to recognize more irregular texts: recogni...
1,941,325,219,257
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} The degeneracy of BPS states of certain wrapped brane/string configurations defines a microscopic entropy which, in quite a number of cases, has been successfully compared to the macroscopic entropy of supersymmetric black hole solutions in the co...
1,941,325,219,258
arxiv
\section{Introduction} On the 14th September 2015 the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) made the first direct detection of gravitational waves \cite{gw150914,gw151226}. To achieve the extraordinary sensitivity required for this discovery, Advanced LIGO uses a complex configuration of s...
1,941,325,219,259
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Ising model \cite{a3,onsager} has been used during long time as a "toy model" for diverses objectives, as to test and to improve new algorithms and methods of high precision for calculation of critical exponents in Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics using the Monte Carlo method as Metropolis ...
1,941,325,219,260
arxiv
\section{Introducing FLUTE}\label{sec:flute} \begin{figure*}[t]% \centering% \includegraphics[width=0.48\linewidth]{figures/flute_diagram.pdf}% \hfill% \includegraphics[width=0.48\linewidth]{figures/flute_diagram_blender.pdf}% \caption{\label{fig:flute_diagram}({\em Left}) FLUTE trains the sha...
1,941,325,219,261
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Curriculum Learning (CL) attempts to optimize the order in which an agent accumulates experience, increasing performance while reducing training time for complex tasks~\cite{narvekar2020curriculum,foglino2019optimization,narvekar2017autonomous}. The core of CL is to generalize the experience and...
1,941,325,219,262
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}} \IEEEPARstart{M}{alware} remains a big threat to cyber security despite communities' tremendous countermeasure efforts. For example, Symantec \cite{symantec:Online} reports seeing 355,419,881 new malware variants in year 2015, 357,019,453 in year 2016, and 669,974,865 in...
1,941,325,219,263
arxiv
\section{GRB060124 observational properties} On 2006-01-24 at 15:54:52 UT, Swift-BAT triggered on the precursor of GRB060124, that occurred $\sim 570$\,s before the main burst peak \cite{romano-060124}. This allowed Swift to immediately re-point the narrow field instruments (NFIs) and acquire a pointing towards the bur...
1,941,325,219,264
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{secI} First introduced in 1987, the reactive planning model of Georgeff and Lansky's PRS system has subsequently proved to be one of the most influential and long-lived approaches to programming multi-agent systems \cite{GeorRRP}. The \as\ programming language, introduced by Rao \citeyea...
1,941,325,219,265
arxiv
\section{Introduction} ``You are preparing a paper for an upcoming deadline and try to fit the content within the page limit. You identified a redundant sentence and remove it but to your surprise, the page count of your paper increases!'' This is an example where a natural monotonicity property expected from the ou...
1,941,325,219,266
arxiv
\section{Appendix} \paragraph{Detailed derivation of equations} We begin with a configuration model network, and consider two infectious diseases which infect nodes of the network. We assume infection by either disease confers immediate and complete protection from any future infection by any disease. We index the d...
1,941,325,219,267
arxiv
\section{Introduction and statement of results} A \emph{fibration of} $\mathbb R^3$ \emph{by oriented lines} is given by a unit vector field $V : \mathbb R^3 \to S^2$, for which all of the integral curves are oriented lines. \begin{example} We offer three qualitatively distinct examples. \label{ex:fibrations} \begin{...
1,941,325,219,268
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} Let $N$ be a natural number. The Jacobsthal function $j(N)$ is defined as the length of the largest gap between numbers which are coprime to $N$. In other words, \[ j(N)=\max_{m}\{\text{For some } x\in \mathbb N \text{ the inequality } (x+i,N)>1 \text{ holds for all }i\leq m...
1,941,325,219,269
arxiv
\subsection{The Recovery of Late Bloomers} In this section we demonstrate how GD with softmax depresses initially weak operations as XNAS mitigates the effect. We derive the corresponding update rules and explain the underlying functional structure. \input{advantages_of_the_proposed_method/recovery_of_late_blommers.t...
1,941,325,219,270
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fine-grained visual categorization (FGVC) aims to distinguish objects in subordinate classes. For example, dog images are classified into different breeds of dogs, such as ``Chihuahua'', ``Pug'', ``Samoyed'' and so on~\cite{khosla2011novel,ParkhiVZJ12}. One challenge of FGVC is that it has to h...
1,941,325,219,271
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the current experimental program of nucleon structure studies, we find two broad areas of experimentation. On the one hand, elastic scattering of electrons from nucleons is used to measure the electromagnetic and axial form factors of the nucleon, over a range of momentum transfer of $0.1 ...
1,941,325,219,272
arxiv
\section*{THG in graphene heterostructures} Our samples are van der Waals heterostructures, consisting of a graphene sheet with a metallic nanoribbon array placed a few nanometers above it and separated by {either} an insulating $\mathrm{Al_2 O_3}$ ($3-20\,\mathrm{nm}$) or a monolayer h-BN spacer, as depicted in Fig. \...
1,941,325,219,273
arxiv
\section{Localization from Relative Measurements} \label{sec:localization} Target tracking via the distributed estimator in Alg. \ref{alg:dist_lin_filt} requires knowledge of the true sensor locations. As mentioned earlier this is typically not the case, especially when large sensor networks are deployed. This section...
1,941,325,219,274
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The goal of image captioning is to automatically describe the visual images with natural languages. This is a cross-modality task that transfers information from the image domain to the language domain \cite{wu2020fine}. With the release of captioning datasets \cite{vinyals2015show, vinyals...
1,941,325,219,275
arxiv
\section{Introduction} During recent years positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) has become a valuable method to study the microscopic structure of solids \cite{Tuomi13V85,Puska94V66} and gives detailed information on the electron density and momentum distribution \cite{Makko14V89,Kontr12V85,Tang05V94} in the regio...
1,941,325,219,276
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The present paper is concerned with the so-called Combes-Thomas estimate of the following Schr\"{o}dinger operator with magnetic field \begin{equation}\label{schrodinger-op} H_{\La}(A,V)=\frac{1}{2}(-i\nabla-A(x))^{2}+V(x)\quad\text{on}\quad\La, \end{equation} where $i=\sqrt{-1}$ is the im...
1,941,325,219,277
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Imaging through dense, volumetric, scattering media has been a significant challenge for various applications, such as imaging through skin tissue and industrial remote sensing through the smoke. In conventional imaging, photons directly travel from the target to the sensor. However, in scatteri...
1,941,325,219,278
arxiv
1,941,325,219,279
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The simple, nonrelativistic quark model (QM) gives a qualitatively good description of the baryon moments. Under the assumption that each baryon is composed of three valence or constituent quarks in a state with all internal orbital angular momenta equal to zero, the moments are given by expecta...
1,941,325,219,280
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A group $G$ is left-orderable if there exists a strict total ordering $<$ of its elements such that $g<h$ implies $fg<fh$ for all $f, g, h \in G$, and bi-orderable if $g<h$ implies $gf<hf$ also holds. Equivalently, a group $G$ is left-orderable if there is a subset $P \subset G$, called the \e...
1,941,325,219,281
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the rapid developments of deep learning, ConvNets have been the \textit{de facto} method for various computer vision tasks. It takes a long time and substantial effort to devise many useful models~\cite{DBLP:conf/cvpr/HeZRS16,DBLP:conf/cvpr/HuSS18,DBLP:conf/cvpr/HuangLMW17,DBLP:conf/eccv/MaZ...
1,941,325,219,282
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The nontrivial vacuum structure of non-Abelian gauge theories \cite{Belavin:1975fg,'tHooft:1976up,'tHooft:1976fv,Callan:1976je,Jackiw:1976pf} plays an important role in particle theory. It underlies baryon-number non-conservation in electroweak theory and the existence of $\theta$-vacua in QCD. T...
1,941,325,219,283
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cool main-sequence stars have outer convection zones (spectral types F to about M4) or are fully convective (spectral types later than M4). The turbulent flows in the electrically conducting plasma along with the stellar (differential) rotation support a hydromagnetic dynamo that constantly ...
1,941,325,219,284
arxiv
\partial{\partial} \def{\boldsymbol\psi}{{\boldsymbol\psi}} \def{\bar{\boldsymbol\psi}}{{\bar{\boldsymbol\psi}}} \def{\boldsymbol\lambda}{{\boldsymbol\lambda}} \def{\boldsymbol\sigma}{{\boldsymbol\sigma}} \def{\bar \nu}{{\bar \nu}} \def{\bar \psi}{{\bar \psi}} \def{\bar X}{{\bar X}} \def{\bar p}{{\bar p}} \def{\bar q}{...
1,941,325,219,285
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is an optical technique that processes the electromagnetic spectrum at a multitude of monochromatic, adjacent frequency bands. The wide-bandwidth spectral signature of a target object's reflectance allows fingerprinting its physical, biochemical, and physiological propert...
1,941,325,219,286
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Sequence segmentation is an important task for many speech and audio applications such as speaker diarization, laboratory phonology research, speech synthesis, and automatic speech recognition (ASR). Segmentation models can be used as a pre-process step to clean the data (e.g., removing non-spe...
1,941,325,219,287
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} We are grateful to R. Aloisio, P. Blasi and B. Hnatyk for joint works on this and related subjects. We thank Alan Watson for providing us with Auger energy spectrum as numerical files. Our work is supported in part by \emph{ASI} through grant \emph{WP 1300} (theoretical study).