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1,941,325,219,288
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The analysis of accurate rotation curves of low surface brightness galaxies (e.g. de Blok \& Bosma, 2002) has sparked a debate on whether the data are consistent with the mass profiles predicted within the $\Lambda$CDM cosmological paradigm. The matter is currently unresolved, and the arguments...
1,941,325,219,289
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The top quark is by far the heaviest elementary particle observed by particle physics experiments and features a mass of $m_t = 173.1\pm1.3\;\mathrm{GeV}/c^2$~\cite{:2009ec}. The large mass the top quark gives rise to large radiative corrections, for example to the $W$ propagator, which causes...
1,941,325,219,290
arxiv
\section{Introduction and {\magenta{m}}otivation}\label{sec:intro} The Cahn-Hilliard model (CH), named after John Cahn and John Hilliard who suggested the system in 195 , describes a prototype of the process of phase separation, by which the two components of a binary fluid or material impulsively separate and form dom...
1,941,325,219,291
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The distribution of stellar masses at star-cluster birth is a complex process not yet fully understood. Recent observations of the stellar content of star-forming regions in molecular clouds, rich star clusters and the Galactic field suggest that the initial mass function (IMF) ...
1,941,325,219,292
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} For several decades, it has been argued that the Solar system is surrounded by $10^{10}$--$10^{12}$ icy bodies, called the Oort cloud \citep[OC,][]{1950BAN....11...91O}. This cloud is the source of the observed long-period comets (LPCs, with orbital period $>200$\,yr) which typ...
1,941,325,219,293
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This text contains essence of three topics related to the QCD coupling at low energy: \begin{enumerate}}\newcommand{\een}{\end{enumerate} \item Presenting of QCD perturbative coupling $\relax\ifmmode\alpha_s\else{$\alpha_s${ }}\fi(\mu)$ by {\sf Denominator representation} instead of `...
1,941,325,219,294
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} To goal of this paper is to explore and relate different approaches to coefficient systems in relative integral $p$-adic Hodge theory: the generalised representations of Faltings \cite{Faltings2005, Faltings2011}, which have been systematically studied by Abbes--Gros--Tsuji \cite{AbbesGrosTsuji2...
1,941,325,219,295
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $X$ be an $n-$dimensional manifold and $\H$ a self-adjoint zeroth order semi-classical $\Psi$DO acting on the space of half-densities, $|\Omega|^{1/2}(X)$. We will assume that the principal symbol, $H(x,\xi)$, of $\H$ has a unique non-degenerate global minimum, $H=C$, at some point $(x_0,\...
1,941,325,219,296
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nature has always been an inspiration for researchers. In the past, many new nature-inspired algorithms have been developed to solve hard problems in optimization. In general, there are two main concepts developed in bio-inspired computation: \begin{enumerate} \item evolutionary algorithms, \ite...
1,941,325,219,297
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Let $\Bbbk$ be a field and note that all algebraic structures in this manuscript are $\Bbbk$-linear. The purpose of this work is to systematically produce and study braided commutative algebras (or, commutative algebras, for short) in a certain well-behaved class of braided mon...
1,941,325,219,298
arxiv
\section{Acrylic Vessel} \label{sec:AV} The $\DO$ containment vessel must meet diverse requirements, some of which present opposing design constraints. The primary design criteria for the containment vessel are: \begin{itemize} \item Isolate 1000 tonnes of $\DO$ from surrounding $\HO$. \item Maintain structural inte...
1,941,325,219,299
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} In this paper we use detailed data about the biology of the head louse ({\it pediculus humanus capitis}) to build a model of the evolution of head lice colonies. Using theory and computer simulations, we show that the model can be used to assess the impact of the various strategies usually applied t...
1,941,325,219,300
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \par Topological insulators, with non-zero topological invariants, possess metallic states at their boundary \cite{Hasan2010RMP}. Chiral superconductors, a type of topological superconductors with non-zero topological invariants, possess Majorana fermions at their boundary \cite{Schnyder2008PRB, ...
1,941,325,219,301
arxiv
\section{Introduction} High-resolution transmission and emission spectroscopy have proven to be valuable techniques in the effort to characterise the atmospheres of exoplanets, in particular the ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs; $T_{\rm eq} > 2,200$ K), owing to their extreme proximity to their host stars, such that they under...
1,941,325,219,302
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The conventional explanation for the discrepancy between the Newtonian dynamical mass and the luminous mass in galaxies is that the visible galaxy is embedded in a more extensive dark halo. But there are several unconventional explanations involving modifications of the law of gravity or inerti...
1,941,325,219,303
arxiv
\section{Ergodic Theorem for Hyperfinite Loeb spaces.} Recall that a number $\a\in\*\mathbb{R}$ is said to be finite if $|\a|<a$ for some $a\in\mathbb{R}$, otherwise $\a$ is said to be infinite. For every finite $\a\in\*\mathbb{R}$ there exists a unique standard real $\o\a$ such that $\a\approx\o\a$. It is called the ...
1,941,325,219,304
arxiv
\section{#1} \setcounter{equation}{0} } \newcommand{\Aslash}{A \! \! \! /} \newcommand{\Dslash}{D \! \! \! \! /} \newcommand{\kslash}{k \! \! \! /} \newcommand{\pslash}{p \! \! \! /} \newcommand{\qslash}{q \! \! \! /} \newcommand{\xslash}{x \! \! \! /} \newcommand{\partialslash}{\partial \! \! \! /} \newcomman...
1,941,325,219,305
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} It is well known that reproducibility is a cornerstone of science. Clearly, reproducibility (or repeatability) is vitally important for computational science as well. \citet{lbarba:reproducibility-syllabus} provides a succinct overview of some of most important articles on repr...
1,941,325,219,306
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Although remarkably confirmed so far by low and high energy experiments, the Standard Model (SM) of strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions remains unsatisfactory. Many models of ``new physics" have been proposed to address the questions which are unexplained by the SM. Experimentally, th...
1,941,325,219,307
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the central research topics of linguistic typology concerns the distribution of structural properties across the languages of the world. Typologists are concerned with describing these distributions, understanding their determinants and identifying possible distributional dependencies bet...
1,941,325,219,308
arxiv
\section{\sc Introduction} In lifetime data analysis an experimenter often wants to analyze data which have multiple failure modes. In the statistical literature it is known as the competing risks problem. There are mainly two different approaches to handle competing risks data. One is known as the latent failure ...
1,941,325,219,309
arxiv
\section{#1} \renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}} \setcounter{equation}{0}} \newcommand{\subsec}[1]{\subsection{#1} \renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}} \newcommand{\overline{\widetilde{\gamma}}}{\overline{\widetilde{\gamma}}} \newcommand{\mathrm{Lie}}{\mathrm{Lie}} \newc...
1,941,325,219,310
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} S{\scshape pace} non-cooperative object visual tracking, as one of the key components of vision system on spacecraft, has wide applications in space debris removal, malfunctioning spacecraft maintenance, asteroid exploration, and autonomous rendezvous and docking \cite{huangDexterousTetheredSpace...
1,941,325,219,311
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Effective field theory has been proved to be powerful in dealing with different energy scales. Consider a process that contains particles with hard momentum (hard momentum means one of the component of the four momentum is larger than the temperature and the chemical potentials.) happening inside...
1,941,325,219,312
arxiv
\section{Informal Introduction} \end{center} G\"odel's incompleteness theorem are the most famous result in modern logic. In addition to the G\"odel's original proof, there are some other proofs of this theorem \cite{wpd}. In this article, a new viewpoint to interpret the G\"odel's incompleteness theorem will be ...
1,941,325,219,313
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this work we will be concerned with the following transverse magnetic polarized wave scattering problem \begin{eqnarray}} \def\eqn{\end{eqnarray} \nabla \cdot \f{1}{\mu} \nabla u + \omega^2 \varepsilon u = 0 & \text{ in } \mathbb{R}^2 \, , \label{scattering1} \eqn where $\mu, \varepsilon...
1,941,325,219,314
arxiv
\section{Introduction} To mitigate traffic congestion, which is a major issue in modern cities, a lot of effort has been devoted to developing methods for predicting future congestion to support drivers' route decisions~\cite{akhtar2021review}. In particular, as many recent studies show that deep learning (DL) outperf...
1,941,325,219,315
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Intro} \noindent When adressing the problem of testing whether two distributions are equal on the basis of samples drawn from each of them, Gretton et al. (2007, 2012) introduced the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) in reproducing kernel Hilbert space. The MMD is used as test statisctic b...
1,941,325,219,316
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fast and accurate processing of molecular information is essential for proper control, growth and regulation in the living cell. In carrying out essential tasks like protein synthesis, ribosomes are known to operate at error levels of $10^{-3}{-}10^{-4}$ incorrect peptide bindings per cycle~\c...
1,941,325,219,317
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \begin{quotation} \raggedleft \emph{``Our birth is nothing but our death begun.''}\\ -- Edward Young, \emph{Night Thoughts} \end{quotation} The main aim of this paper is to explore the ideas of \emph{persis...
1,941,325,219,318
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \setcounter{equation}{0} The standard model of elementary particles (SM) has been amazingly successful, and currently the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiment is searching for Higgs boson, which is the only particle that has not been observed yet in the framework of the SM. S...
1,941,325,219,319
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The methanol molecule (CH$_3$OH) is a slightly asymmetric top with hindered internal rotation. It processes a multitude of allowed radio transitions. \choh in space has been actively studied since its discovery by \citet{BGL1970}, abundant \choh transitions have been detected at sub-millimeter...
1,941,325,219,320
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Constraint programming (CP) systems must combine a modeling language and a solving engine. The modeling language is used to represent problems with variables, constraints, or statements. The solving engine computes assignments of variables satisfying the constraints by exploring ...
1,941,325,219,321
arxiv
\section{\normalsize Introduction} \label{intro} Lorentz invariance is intimately connected with existence of antiparticles. At the same time, one can formulate an effective field theory (EFT) that describes particles which are essentially non-relativistic~\cite{Shifman:1987rj, Isgur:1989vq, Georgi:1990um}. When co...
1,941,325,219,322
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Given a finite covering $f:\widetilde{C} \rightarrow C$ between smooth projective curves, one can associate to $f$ an abelian subvariety of the Jacobian $J\widetilde{C}$ by taking the connected component containing the zero of the kernel of the norm map $\Nm_f : J\widetilde{C} \rightarrow JC$, ...
1,941,325,219,323
arxiv
\section{introduction} Let $M$ be a complex manifold. We say that $D$ is a holomorphic distribution on $M$ when $D$ is a holomorphic subbundle of the holomorphic tangent bundle $T_M$ of $M$. We say that it is bracket generating if any local holomorphic frame $\{X_1, \ldots, X_d\}$ for $D$, together with all...
1,941,325,219,324
arxiv
\section{Density of states} The geometry we consider is that of a periodic, planar structure as shown in Fig. 1. The particular dimensions chosen can, of course, be rescaled by a factor $\lambda$ according to $L \rightarrow \lambda L$, $\omega \rightarrow \lambda^{-1} \omega$. \begin{figure}[h] \begin{center}\leavevmo...
1,941,325,219,325
arxiv
\section{Introduction} All the processes, described by standard quantum mechanical approach, are stochastic processes from the point of view of classical dynamics. The natural equivalence between Schr\"odinger and Fokker-Plank equations was used for formulation of quantum mechanics as stochastic theory [1], and the pr...
1,941,325,219,326
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the past decade, with the advent of the new generation of electron beam facilities, there has been dramatic progress in studies of the electroexcitation of nucleon resonances that resulted in more reliable extractions of the resonance electrocouplings, and a significant extension of th...
1,941,325,219,327
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} If the recently announced diphoton excess at $\simeq 750~{\rm GeV}$~\cite{ATLAS,CMS} remains as a true signal, it indicates a long-awaited discovery of new physics beyond the standard model. In a recent paper~\cite{Harigaya:2015ezk}, we have proposed that this excess may re...
1,941,325,219,328
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec_intro} The structure of galaxies, and in particular their mass content and distribution, has been extensively investigated in the past decades. Studying the mass distribution of galaxies is closely related to the disk mass problem: how does one associate the observed stellar light dis...
1,941,325,219,329
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} \label{abstract} Substrate material imperfections and surface losses are one of the major factors limiting superconducting quantum circuitry from reaching the scale and complexity required to build a practicable quantum computer. One potential path towards higher coherence of superconducting quantu...
1,941,325,219,330
arxiv
\section{Timing sequences and detection method} In Figure 1(d) of the main text, we show the relevant timing sequences for the experiment. Atoms are captured and cooled from the room temperature vapour for about 400 ms with the sub-Doppler cooling process during the last 25 ms. Using the time-of-flight measurement, we ...
1,941,325,219,331
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Deep learning has been a dominant technique for many computer vision tasks (e.g., image classification, object detection, semantic segmentation, etc.) in many real-world applications. A deep model (e.g., deep Convolutional Neural Networks \cite{he2016deep} and Vision Transformer...
1,941,325,219,332
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the past months there has been an increasing interest in black holes whose event horizons have a nontrivial topology \cite{amin,mann97,vanz97}. The solutions can be obtained with the least expensive modification of general relativity, the introduction of a negative cosmological constant. ...
1,941,325,219,333
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} An important part of higher-dimensional complex dynamics concerns the construction of currents and measures that are invariant under a given meromorphic selfmap $f:X\dashrightarrow X$ of a compact complex manifold $X$. In doing so, it is often desirable that the action of $f$ on the cohomolog...
1,941,325,219,334
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Objects trapped in a 1:1 mean motion resonance with a host (planetary or not) are classified as co-orbitals of the host, independently of the shape and orientation of their paths (Morais \& Morbidelli 2002); in other words, to be classed as co-orbitals their orbits do not have to ...
1,941,325,219,335
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we only consider simple graphs without multiple edges and loops. Let $G$ be a simple graph with vertex set $V(G)=\{v_{1},v_{2},\ldots,v_{n}\}$ and edge set $E(G)$. The \emph{adjacency matrix} of $G$ of order $n$ is defined as the $n\times n$ symmetric square matrix $A=A(G)=(...
1,941,325,219,336
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The importance of medical imaging for clinical diagnosis, treatment of disease, and medical research has steadily risen over the last decades. Multiple imaging modalities provide complementary information for each other, which is essential for comprehensive assessment of complex...
1,941,325,219,337
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The goal of text simplification (TS) is to reduce text complexity (while preserving meaning) such that the corresponding text becomes more accessible to human readers. Previous works explored how TS can assist children \cite{kajiwara2013selecting}, non-native speakers \cite{pellow2014open}, and p...
1,941,325,219,338
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Let $\mathbb F$ be a field of characteristic $\neq 2$. Let $\mathbb V$ be a vector space of dimension $n$ over $\mathbb F$. Let $\mathbb V$ be equipped with a non-degenerate symmetric or symplectic (i.e. skew-symmetric) bilinear form $B$. We call $(\mathbb V, B)$ a \emph{ non-degener...
1,941,325,219,339
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Ramsey's famous theorem: \begin{THM}[Ramsey's Theorem \cite{Ramsey}]\label{fbrd-scat-all.thm.RAMSEY} For any $n \ge 1$ and an arbitrary coloring $\chi : \binom \omega n \to k$ of $n$-element subsets of $\omega$ with $k \ge 2$ colors there exists a copy $M \subseteq \omega$ of $\omega$ whi...
1,941,325,219,340
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A formalization in the proof assistant PVS of the theorem of existence of most general unifiers (mgu's) in first-order theories is presented. There are several applications of this theorem on computational logic, which range from the correctness of first-order resolution \cite{Ro65}, the correct...
1,941,325,219,341
arxiv
\section*{Corrigendum -- submitted #1}}{} \def\reusenumber#1#2{\setcounter{#1}{#2}\addtocounter{#1}{-1}} \def\specs#1#2#3{\def#1}\def\volno{#2}\def\volyear{#3}{#1}\def\volno{#2}\def\volyear{#3}} \ifx\volno\undefined\def\volno{16}\fi \ifx\volyear\undefined\def\volyear{2009}\fi \ifx#1}\def\volno{#2}\def\volyear{#3}\und...
1,941,325,219,342
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Magnetic field of chemically peculiar Ap star 33 Lib (HD 137949) was discovered by H.W. Babcock on June 13, 1957 (Babcock 1958). Variability of the longitudinal component $B_e$ of 33 Lib was first studied in 1971 (van den Heuvel 1971). Period of the magnetic variability was estimated there...
1,941,325,219,343
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Driver Steering Assistance Systems (DSAS) can (partially) take over the vehicle's lateral control, thus effectively sharing control with the driver. However, commercial DSAS focus on path-tracking performance without considering the interaction with the driver. Integrating knowledge on the drive...
1,941,325,219,344
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Minimization of energies depending on two independent vector fields have been introduced to model several phenomena. Namely, when $u$ is a Sobolev function in $W^{1,q}, q >1,$ and $v$ is in $L^p$, the study of these energies (see \eqref{functional}) was motivated by the analysis of coherent t...
1,941,325,219,345
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since introduction of Euler equations, hyperbolic conservation laws play a significant role in gas dynamics, astrophysics, plasma, traffic flow, multiphase flow in porous media~\cite{chang1989riemann,shu1991physics,whitham2011linear,courant1999supersonic,bear2013dynamics} and other fields of sci...
1,941,325,219,346
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The spectra of some radio pulsars and radio-quiet isolated neutrons reveal a thermal origin in the soft X-ray band (e.g. Becker \& Tr\"umper 1997; Pavlov, Zavlin \& Sanwal 2002). These thermal emissions are believed to originate from the surface of neutron stars and they carry the informati...
1,941,325,219,347
arxiv
\section{Introduction} How do symmetries of a composite system with local interactions restrict the long-term evolution of the system? The standard conservation laws implied by Noether's theorem \cite{noether1918nachrichten, noether1971invariant}, such as conservation of the total angular momentum vector for systems w...
1,941,325,219,348
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro} The prediction of possible future paths is a central building block for an automated risk assessment. The applications cover a wide range from mobile robot navigation, including autonomous driving, smart video surveillance to object tracking. Dividing the many variants of forec...
1,941,325,219,349
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Predicate abstraction~\cite{GS97} is a technique commonly used in software model checking in which an infinite-state system is represented abstractly by a finite-state system whose states are the truth valuations of a chosen set of predicates. The reachable state set of the abstract system corres...
1,941,325,219,350
arxiv
\section{Appendix} \label{sec:appendix} \begin{proof}[Proof of Lemma \ref{lem:wtforg}] To construct the weight function $w$, we associate a sequence $P(u,v)$ of edges of $G'$ with each edge $(u,v)$ of $G$. Assume that $T'$ is a rooted tree, and root is the highest node in the tree. The heights of all the other nodes ar...
1,941,325,219,351
arxiv
\section{Introduction} High-precision measurements of the $g$ factor of highly charged ions \cite{haf00,ver04,stu11,wag13,lin13,stu13,stu14,koel16} have triggered a great interest to the corresponding theoretical calculations \cite{blu97,per97,bei00a,bei00b,sha01,sha02b,nef02,yer02,gla02,gla04,lee05,pac05,jen09,vol1...
1,941,325,219,352
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Equations of motion of charged point particles in classical electrodynamics can be derived from field equations within the following approach: a generic state of the composed ``particles + field'' system is treated as a perturbation of the ``ground state'' of the field, uniquely determined by the...
1,941,325,219,353
arxiv
1,941,325,219,354
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} There are several alternative and complementary approaches to model the dynamics of a plasma. For instance, kinetic theory describes a plasma from a microscopic point of view, including phenomena at the corpuscular scales described through their distribution function. On the other...
1,941,325,219,355
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The plane-wave treatment of neutrino oscillations, in which the propagating neutrino is assigned a definitive momentum, is an excellent approximation for terrestial- and atmospheric-based neutrino experiments. This framework breaks down, however, in the case that the neutrino wavepacket is finite...
1,941,325,219,356
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Swampland program is based on the premise that there are conditions on a low energy gravity theory that are necessary in order for it to be an effective theory of a consistent quantum gravity with ultra-violet (UV) completion such as string theory but cannot be derived solely from consisten...
1,941,325,219,357
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Much of the success of experimental research with ultracold atomic gases is due to the possibility of tuning the scattering length of ultracold alkali metal atoms by means of magnetic Feshbach resonances \cite{Chin:feshbach:2010}. The scattering length near a Feshbach resonance undergoes rapid v...
1,941,325,219,358
arxiv
\chapter{Introduction} \addtocontents{Introduction} \IfChapVersion \ChapVersion{Version of Chapter 0 : \\ \StrSubstitute{\DateChapZero}{_}{\_}} \fi The purpose of this book is to build up the fundament of an Arakelov theory over adelic curves in order to provide a unified framework for the researches of arithmetic g...
1,941,325,219,359
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \hspace{4mm} The NICA accelerator complex is under construction at JINR (Dubna). It would offer a record luminosity (reaching $10^{27}$~cm$^{-2}$c$^{-1}$) for heavy-ion collisions in the energy range $4<\sqrt{s_{NN}}<11$~GeV~\cite{nica}. Proton-proton collisions at NICA can be studied in the ener...
1,941,325,219,360
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Even after two decades of research on MIMO detection, the trade-off between performance and feasibility is still unresolved~\cite{mimoSurveyLarge}. On one extreme, there are methods like the Sphere Decoder~\cite{sphereIeee} that provide optimal performance, but become computationally infeasible f...
1,941,325,219,361
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} From the higher categorical point of view, dual objects in monoidal categories are a special case of adjoint morphisms in bicategories and so the concept basically goes back to the counit-unit definition of adjunction due to Kan \cite{Kan1958}. The special case was made explicit for different u...
1,941,325,219,362
arxiv
\section{Introduction} M87, the dominant galaxy in the Virgo cluster, is one of the nearest (distance=16 Mpc, 1\arcsec = 78 pc) radio galaxies. Since 1918, when Heber Curtis observed a ``curious straight ray'' extending from its nucleus, it has been known to host a bright jet that is visible at radio through X-ray wa...
1,941,325,219,363
arxiv
\subsubsection*{\bibname}} \input{_includes} \def0{0} \title{Sharp Variance-Dependent Bounds in Reinforcement Learning: Best of Both Worlds in Stochastic and Deterministic Environments} \author{ Runlong Zhou\thanks{University of Washington. Email: \texttt{vectorzh@cs.washington.edu}} \and Zihan Zhang...
1,941,325,219,364
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Several generalizations and variations of the Pascal triangle exist and lead to interesting combinatorial, geometrical or dynamical properties~\cite{BNS, BS, vonHPS, JRV, LRS1}. This paper is inspired by a series of papers based on generalizations of Pascal triangles to finite wo...
1,941,325,219,365
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The process of dynamical friction (DF) is one of the most classical and fundamental problems encountered in the description of the evolution of almost all astrophysical systems. From the critical momentum exchange in a protoplanet-protoplanetary disk set up, passing through the problem of satell...
1,941,325,219,366
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} An immediate extension of valuation rings is an extension inducing trivial extensions on residue fields and group value extensions. In the idea of Zariski's Uniformization Theorem \cite{Z}, we state in \cite[Theorem 2]{P} the following theorem: \begin{Theorem}\label{T1} If $V\subset V'$ is ...
1,941,325,219,367
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The \mbox{H\hspace{0.1ex}$\alpha$}\ line, which reveals the relatively cool plasma in the chromosphere, shows that the upper chromosphere is dominated by highly dynamic spicules. Our view of spicules has been revolutionized thanks to advanced instruments such as the Hinode satellite \citep{20...
1,941,325,219,368
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Due to fundamental properties of current and expected future CPUs, including the per-instruction energy cost, it is important for software to be designed to utilize SIMD and/or vector extensions. Although SIMD and vector extensions differ at the architecture level, since SIMD ...
1,941,325,219,369
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The dimensionality of a quantum system is crucial for its ability to perform quantum information processing tasks. For example, the security of some protocols for quantum key distribution and randomness expansion depends on the presumed dimensionality of the underlying physical system. The dime...
1,941,325,219,370
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Our starting point is the equation of the standing waves for the Nonlinear Schr{\"o}dinger Equation: \begin{equation} \label{eq:Sch} -\varepsilon^2 \Delta u + V(x) u = f(u) \qquad \hbox{in } {\mathbb{R}^N}. \end{equation} Here $u \in H^1({\rm I\! R}^N)$, $N \ge 2$, $V(x)$ is a positive potenti...
1,941,325,219,371
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With now more than 100 exoplanets known, the scientific interest for direct detection of exoplanets is very high: unlike indirect detection techniques, it will allow characterization through spectroscopy. Of particular importance is the discovery and characterization of planets similar to ours, w...
1,941,325,219,372
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Higgs mechanism is one of the fundamental footings of the standard model (SM). Though the new scalar particle with a mass of 125 GeV was discovered at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)~\cite{125h}, its roles as the mass giver for all the SM particles and the symmetry breaker for $\text{SU}(2)_L\t...
1,941,325,219,373
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The survey of the Galactic plane conducted by the \h~system of telescopes since 2004 has led to the discovery of TeV gamma-ray emission from more than 60 sources in the Galaxy \cite{gast11}. Although the nature of a large part of theses sources remains still unknown, the identification of a la...
1,941,325,219,374
arxiv
\section{Can we adapt strategies used to fight HIV to create strategies to fight the coronavirus?} We live with many viruses that have no vaccine and no cure. One notable example is HIV.  Although many effective treatments have been developed, there is still neither a cure nor a vaccine for HIV. Nonetheless, most pe...
1,941,325,219,375
arxiv
\subsection{Sojourn time of a conditional process. } \subsection*{Acknowledgments} We thank both referees for their accuracy in the analysis of the first draft of this paper. They have detected misprints and errors and their constructive criticism has substantially improved the paper. \section{About the ...
1,941,325,219,376
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Orbifolds have generated a lot of interest in the recent mathematical and physical literature. As first defined in the paper of Satake \cite{Sat}, under the name of $V$-manifolds, they generalise the notion of smooth manifolds, by being slightly singular. More precisely, they are locally homeomo...
1,941,325,219,377
arxiv
\section{Methods} In this section, we introduce our proposed BEVDistill in detail. We first give an overview of the whole framework in Figure \ref{fig:framework} and clarify the model designs of the teacher and student model in Section \ref{sec:baseline}. After that, we present the cross-modal knowledge distillation...
1,941,325,219,378
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} It is known that regular solutions of many dissipative equations, such as the Navier-Stokes quations (NSE), the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation, the surface quasi-geostrophic equation, the Smoluchowski equation, the (periodic) Cahn-Hilliard equation and Voight regularizations of Navier-Stokes an...
1,941,325,219,379
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Please follow the steps outlined below when submitting your manuscript to the IEEE Computer Society Press. This style guide now has several important modifications (for example, you are no longer warned against the use of sticky tape to attach your artwork to the paper), so all authors should ...
1,941,325,219,380
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The $\Lambda$CDM model is considered to be the best theory of the observable Universe. However, it leaves the existence of optically invisible cosmic fluids in question and suffers from the titanic disparity between the observed late-time cosmic acceleration and vacuum energy. ...
1,941,325,219,381
arxiv
\section{Introduction } In this paper we study the dynamics of a three-dimensional periodic layer of viscous incompressible fluid bounded below by a rigid interface and above by a moving free boundary. The free boundary is advected with the fluid, but the configuration of the free boundary gives rise to surface stres...
1,941,325,219,382
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure} \centering \includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{./fig/visualization.pdf} \vspace{-6pt} \caption{\small{Illustration of our NSM for modeling garments with diverse shapes and topologies. The first and third rows denote the predicted UV-position maps with masks. The second a...
1,941,325,219,383
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, several discrepancies between the observations of dwarf galaxies and the $\Lambda$CDM model of galaxy formation have emerged. Most of these, like the missing satellite problem \citep{1999ApJ...524L..19M} or the too-big-to-fail problem \citep{2011MNRAS.415L..40B}, have been studie...
1,941,325,219,384
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent research shows very high-dimensional feature representations, e.g., Fisher Vector (FV)~\cite{perronnin2010large,sanchez2011high,perronnin2007fisher} and VLAD~\cite{jegou2010aggregating}, can achieve state-of-the-art performance in many visual classification, retrieval and recognition task...
1,941,325,219,385
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Introduction} \vspace{-2mm} There are situations in which a wireless sensor network (WSN) needs to be deployed in an {\em impromptu or as-you-go} fashion. One such situation is in emergencies, e.g., situational awareness networks deployed by first-responders such as fire-fighters or ant...
1,941,325,219,386
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Unravelling the origin and evolution of our Galaxy's disc ultimately relies on the study and interpretation of signatures imprinted in resolved stellar populations, such as their chemical and kinematic properties \citep{freeman2002}. Intermediate releases of {\it Gaia } mission \citep{g...
1,941,325,219,387
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The primitive equations for the ocean and atmosphere are considered to be a fundamental model for geophysical flows, see e.g. the survey article \cite{Li2016}. The mathematical analysis of these equations has been pioneered by Lions, Teman and Wang in their articles \cite{Lions1, LionsTemanWang...