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1,941,325,219,588
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} A variety of theoretical and observational results over the past two-plus decades have suggested that gravitational instability, fundamentally like the linear instability in axisymmetric self-gravitating disks discovered by \citet{toomre_gravitational_1964}, may play a substan...
1,941,325,219,589
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $G$ be a (not necessarily properly) edge-colored simple graph with $|V(G)| = n$. A rainbow spanning tree (RST) in $G$ is an acyclic, connected, spanning subgraph such that the color of every edge is distinct. Given a coloring $\varphi: E(G) \to \mathbb{N}$ let \[ \mathcal{R}(G,\varphi) =...
1,941,325,219,590
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Despite the long standing acceptance of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) as the correct theory to describe the strong interactions of quarks and gluons, a basic understanding of its main characteristic features, the dynamical breaking of the chiral symmetry and confinement, is still lacking. Severa...
1,941,325,219,591
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cataclysmic variables (CVs) are semi-detached binary star systems in which a white dwarf (WD) accretes mass from a late type main sequence star (usually a K or M type red dwarf star) via Roche lobe overflow \citep{Warner1995}. The accretion flow geometry is largely governed by the magnetic field...
1,941,325,219,592
arxiv
\section{Introduction} LiDAR is undergoing rapid development and becoming popular in robots and self-driving vehicles. As the eyes of those machines, LiDAR sensors can generate point clouds that provide accurate 3D geometry in diverse environments. However, the large number of point clouds incur a heavy burden on stora...
1,941,325,219,593
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \labell{intro} Scattering amplitudes often have an universal soft behavior when the momentum of one external leg tends to zero. This soft limit can be traced back to the works \cite{Low:54,Low:58,Weinberg}. Recently, a new soft theorem for tree level gravity amplitudes was studied in \cite{...
1,941,325,219,594
arxiv
\section{Intrinsic Deformation Representation} To produce 3D caricatures from 2D images, we first build a new 3D representation for 3D caricature faces. Unlike previous methods that rely on a large set of carefully designed 3D caricature faces for training, our method takes \emph{standard} 3D faces, and exploits the c...
1,941,325,219,595
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A motivation of this work is to understand the K\"ahler-Ricci flow on complete noncompact K\"ahler manifolds with initial metrics which may not have bounded curvature. The K\"ahler Ricci flow is the following evolution equation for K\"ahler metric $g_0$ on an $n$ dimensional complex manifol...
1,941,325,219,596
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As Mangiarotti and Modugno \cite{mm}\ have amply demonstrated, the central part of orthodox differential geometry based on principal connections can be developed within a more general framework of fibered manifolds (without any distinguished additional structures), in which the graded Lie a...
1,941,325,219,597
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introductionsec} The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope's (JCMT) Gould Belt Legacy Survey (GBS, \citealt{wardthompson2007}) is a large-scale project which has mapped the notable star-forming regions within 500 pc of the Sun such as Orion A \citep{salji2015} and Orion B \citep{kirkfirstlook2016...
1,941,325,219,598
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the most interesting and fascinating aspects of Quantum Gravity is the idea that the topology of spacetime could change. This question was raised long ago by John Archibald Wheeler in his seminal papers on Quantum Gravity \cite{arch1}, where he described his ideas about the spacetime f...
1,941,325,219,599
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of free fermionic systems like the Ising model in a transverse field or the quantum XY model has proven to be an important step towards the understanding of quantum many body interacting systems \cite{Schultz:1964fv,Pfeuty}. Since the entire spectrum of these models is obtained exactl...
1,941,325,219,600
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The global financial system has recently been rocked by losses that could total four trillion USD (\cite{imf:09}). The crisis is seriously undermining the functioning of the financial system, the backbone of the global economy. This suggests an acute deficiency in our understanding of how marke...
1,941,325,219,601
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The photo-assisted electric current through an insulating barrier is the topic of a large number of studies both theoretically\cite{tien63,tucker85,lesovik94,crepieux03} and experimentally\cite{dayem62,cook67,kouwenhoven94,kozhevnikov00} in a wide range of systems, such as for example: quantum d...
1,941,325,219,602
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Over the years, strong evidence has accumulated for the presence of super massive black holes (SMBHs; \mbox{M$\rm_{BH}$}\xspace $\sim 10^6 - 10^9$ \mbox{M$_\odot$}\xspace) at the centers of almost all giant galaxies such as the Milky Way \citep{Magorrian98, Kormendy04}. About 5...
1,941,325,219,603
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Kernel matrices \cite{Vapnik1998, Cristianini2000, Cortes1995} are widely used across fields including machine learning, inverse problems, graph theory and PDEs~\cite{Wang2015,Rasmussen2005, Hofmann2008, Li2014, Kitanidis2015, Scholkopf2002}. The ability to generate data at the ...
1,941,325,219,604
arxiv
\section{introduction} The study on surface plasmon polariton \cite{01} is an growing area which has attracted much interest for various applications \cite{002}. Because of the quantum nature of SPP \cite{2,3,4,5}, its applications in some areas such as quantum information process becomes an active field \cite{02,03,0...
1,941,325,219,605
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The aim of data clustering, or unsupervised classification, is to partition a data set into several homogeneous groups relatively separated one from each other with respect to a certain distance or notion of similarity. There exists an extensive literature on clustering ...
1,941,325,219,606
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The seesaw mechanism \cite{seesaw} has been proposed as a natural explanation for the lightness of the three known neutrino species. In models with right-handed neutrinos, the `seesaw' refers to the widely disparate eigenvalues of the neutrino mass matrix \begin{equation} \...
1,941,325,219,607
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure}[!t] \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{c@{ } c} \includegraphics[trim={0cm 3cm 0cm 1.5cm },clip,width=.23\textwidth]{images/302008_noise_s50} & \includegraphics[trim={0cm 3cm 0cm 1.5cm },clip,width=.23\textwidth]{images/302008_denoise_s50}\\ (a) Input (14.16 dB) & (b) Propose...
1,941,325,219,608
arxiv
\section{Sets with few sums and many differences\label{sec:upper}} We consider the inequality $\delta(A) \leq \sigma(A)^2$. Careful analysis of the standard proof using the Ruzsa triangle inequality \cite{Ruzsa2} shows that the equality case of this inequality is given by those sets $A$ for which $\delta(A)=\sigma(A...
1,941,325,219,609
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{sec:introduction}} A nematic superconductor spontaneously breaks not only the $U(1)$ gauge symmetry, but also a discrete rotational symmetry of the system, thus lowering the symmetry of the point group that characterizes the underlying lattice. Recent experiments have reported evidence of r...
1,941,325,219,610
arxiv
\section{Introduction: Einstein non-linear sigma model} \label{sec:intro} Quantum chromodynamics (QCD), a non-Abelian gauge theory with $SU(3)$ gauge group, gives a description of hadrons in terms of their fundamental degrees of freedom: quarks and gluons. Hadrons, being composite particles, appear in the low e...
1,941,325,219,611
arxiv
\subsection{More details about ASR model training} The WarmHoldDecayLRScheduler is used for learning rate scheduling in the training of all models. The multilingual training approach adopts the following learning-rate strategy: For the first 4,000 steps, learning rate increased from 1e-7 up to 5e-4. A second phase co...
1,941,325,219,612
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec_intro} The Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) is one of the largest ground-based astronomy projects of the next decade, which will revolutionize several fields of astronomy. A large community of scientists is expected to use ALMA to tackle several outstanding questions in astrophy...
1,941,325,219,613
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This decade is witnessing important improvements in the way many diseases and disorders are understood and treated, thanks to advancements spanning from genetics to big data analysis; yet, a large share of them is still eluding our comprehension. Such gap is partly the result of the complexity o...
1,941,325,219,614
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sub_sec:1} Currently, most extractive models treat summarization as a sequence labeling task. They score and select sentences one by one \citep{zhong-etal-2020-extractive}. These models (called sentence-level extractors) do not consider summary as a whole but a combination of independent s...
1,941,325,219,615
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Accurate physical models and efficient numerical methods are required to describe the gas flow spanning a wide range of gas rarefactions. The conventional Navier-Stokes (NS) equations, however, are valid in the continuum flow regime only, where the Knudsen number $\mathrm{Kn}$, i.e. the ratio o...
1,941,325,219,616
arxiv
\section{Introduction} ``Sawyer-type inequalities'' is a terminology coined in the paper \cite{CUMP}, where the authors prove that if $u\in A_1$, and $v\in A_1$ or $uv\in A_\infty$, then \begin{equation}\label{eqclassic} uv \left(\left\{x\in \mathbb R^n: \frac{|T(fv)(x)|}{v(x)}> t \right\} \right) \leq \frac{C}{...
1,941,325,219,617
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The search for a quantum theory of gravity is still a work in progress and leaves many open questions. Currently there is no final version of a quantum gravity theory but it is expected that one of its consequences is the appearance of some kind of space--time foam. This can be thought of as spa...
1,941,325,219,618
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A study of the top quark physics contributes to the understanding of the origin of the electro-weak symmetry breaking in the standard model and its extensions. Progress in this field from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a top quark factory, has been reviewed in~\cite{Topreview1,Topreview2...
1,941,325,219,619
arxiv
\subsection{Evaluation of intelligent assistants and user satisfaction} \subsection{Evaluation of Conversational Search} \lllzy{Evaluating conversational search systems is an open problem. Given that conversational searches usually start with an indefinite goal and lack an uniform structure like traditional search s...
1,941,325,219,620
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Systems with long range interactions characterised by an algebraic coupling of the form $r^{-\alpha}$, where $r$ is the distance, are of paramount importance in a variety of situations, ranging from thermodynamics and statistical mechanics~\cite{campa2009statistical,book_long_rang...
1,941,325,219,621
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The mass loss of hot, evolved, massive stars plays a critical role on multiple astrophysical scales: strong stellar winds affect the individual appearance of the stars \citep[e.g.,][]{Hamann1985,deKoter+1997,Hillier+2001,Shenar+2020} and consequently also their ionizing and e...
1,941,325,219,622
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We use mean-field theory to approximate a challenging problem and to study a many-body problem by converting it into a one-body problem. We survey a number of results obtained recently using the theory of large deviations along with Stein's method-type limit theorems to describe the asymptotic b...
1,941,325,219,623
arxiv
\subsection{Definitions and notations} \begin{mydef} For $u:\mathbb{R}^d \to \mathbb{R}^d$ a tempered distribution, denote $\widehat{u}$ its Fourier transform. Let $G:\mathbb{R}^d\to\mathbb{R}$ be a bounded function. The Fourier multiplier associated with $G(\xi)$ is denoted $\mathrm{G}\colonequals G(D)$ and...
1,941,325,219,624
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Social media platforms have become an important communication channel, where we can share and access information from a variety of sources. Unfortunately, the rise of this democratic information ecosystem was accompanied by and dangerously polluted with misinformation, d...
1,941,325,219,625
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The formation of dust in environments such as the inner winds of AGB stars \citep{Cherch2006}, the ejecta of novae \citep{RawWil89}, and the ejecta of supernovae \citep{Lepp1990} depends on the production of molecules, either as precursors of dust {grains} or as competitors to dust production...
1,941,325,219,626
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In \cite{AlMa} we presented explicit computations of classes in the Grothendieck ring of varieties, of Chern--Schwartz--MacPherson characteristic classes, and by specialization Euler characteristics, for some particular classes of graph hypersurfaces. The latter are singular projective hypersurf...
1,941,325,219,627
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of the inclusive production of hadrons containing $b$ quarks, as for example $B^{\pm}$, $B^0$, $\bar{B^0}$, $B_s^0$, $\bar{B}_s^0$ mesons and $\Lambda_b^0$ baryons, is particularly important to test quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The predictions in the framework of perturbative QCD ...
1,941,325,219,628
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} In particle physics, the neutrino plays a remarkable role of a ``tiny'' particle. Indeed, the scale of neutrino mass $m_\nu$ is much lower than that of the charged fermions ($m_{\nu_f}\ll m_f$, $f = e, \mu, \tau$). Interaction of neutrinos with matter is extremely weak as compared t...
1,941,325,219,629
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The solar energetic particle (SEP) events, where the particles accelerated to GeV energies are subsequently detected on the ground as a result of the air-shower process, are known as the ground level enhancements (GLEs). With a typical of a dozen GLEs per cycle, an average of 16.3\% SEP events we...
1,941,325,219,630
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Excess infrared (IR) emission from T Tauri stars is thought to originate from circumstellar disks (\markcite{m68,sal87}Mendoza 1968; Shu, Adams, \& Lizano 1987; and references therein). Passive disks are the simplest to consider. By definition, they lack intrinsic luminosity and reradiate the ene...
1,941,325,219,631
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction} Introduction is here. \section{Other Sections}\label{sec:Others} Other sections are here. \section{Conclusion}\label{sec:Conclusion} Conclusions are here. \section*{Acknowledgments}\label{sec:Acknowledgments} Authors would like to thank YYYYY. \section{Introduct...
1,941,325,219,632
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $G$ be a finite, simple, undirected, and connected graph with vertex set $V(G)$ and edge set $E(G)$. For any two vertices $x, y\in V(G)$, let $d(x,y)$ denote the minimum number of edges connecting the vertices $x$ and $y$ in $G$. For $v\in V(G)$, the \emph{open neighborhood} of $v$ is $N(v)=...
1,941,325,219,633
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The cosmological constant problem of quantum field theory, first emphasized by Zeldovich, is one of the biggest problems of modern theoretical physics. Even if someone would expect quantum gravity to offer an explanation why vacuum does not gravitate (due to non perturbative effects), the natural...
1,941,325,219,634
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Heterostructures provide access to well controlled material properties and allow for the design of new materials with the desired properties for electronic device and nano-scale transistor applications. They have led to a manifold of technological innovations in high-speed- and opto-electronics ...
1,941,325,219,635
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the most popular models in mathematical biology is the model about two species, where one of them feeds with another. It is widely accepted to describe the model dynamics with differential equations. Recently large amount of publications appear, dedicated to the investigation of certain co...
1,941,325,219,636
arxiv
\section{The Artin-Mazur Zeta Function} Let $X$ be a set and let $f:X\to X$ define a dynamical system. Let $\Per_n(f)=\{x\in X:f^n(x)=x\}$, where $f^n$ denotes the composition of $f$ with itself $n$ times. The Artin-Mazur zeta function of this dynamical system is the formal power series given by \begin{equation*} \zet...
1,941,325,219,637
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduccion} The purpose of this work is to show how the theory of Muckenhoupt weights, Muckenhoupt weighted Sobolev spaces and weighted norm inequalities can be applied to analyze PDE constrained optimization problems, and their discretizations. These tools have already been shown t...
1,941,325,219,638
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Neutrons are an important background for underground experiments studying neutrino oscillation, dark matter, neutrinoless double beta decay and the like. Majority of the neutron background is created by the ($\alpha$, $n$) interaction, where the $\alpha$ particles come from the d...
1,941,325,219,639
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Spectroscopic indices are a measure of the strength of an absorption or emission feature, usually reported as the magnitude difference between the integrated flux in the region of the feature in question (the ''science band'') and one or two nearby continuum regions (the ''comparison bands''). In...
1,941,325,219,640
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} Feng was supported under subcontract to Raytheon BBN Technologies by DARPA award HR0011-15-C-0113. JBG is supported by NSF Grant IIS1652666. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the sponsor...
1,941,325,219,641
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the significant characteristics of galaxy clusters is their nonthermal particle content. A clear signature of the presence of relativistic electrons, and by implication also of relativistic protons, in the intracluster medium (hereafter ICM) is the detection of a diffuse cluster-scal...
1,941,325,219,642
arxiv
\section{{\rm REFERENCES}} \sloppy \hyphenpenalty10000 \begin{list}{}{\leftmargin1cm\listparindent-1cm \itemindent\listparindent\parsep0pt\itemsep0pt} {\end{list}\vspace{2mm}} \def~{~} \newlength{\DW} \settowidth{\DW}{0} \newcommand{\hspace{\DW}}{\hspace{\DW}} \newcommand{\refitem}[5]{\item[]{#1} # \def#5}\ifx\REFARG...
1,941,325,219,643
arxiv
\section{Computational Tools}\label{Sec:Model} To model and visualize the structures under investigation, we use XCrySDen and VESTA \cite{KOKALJ1999176, momma2011vesta}. The density functional theory (DFT) implemented in Quantum espresso (QE) package is used to study the physical properties of the systems \cite{Gianno...
1,941,325,219,644
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Possible mechanisms for the spontaneous breaking of the chiral symmetry in $QCD$ have repeatedly been discussed in the literature \cite{shuryak}, but a derivation from first principles remains to be found. The broken phases can be probed by coupling the fields to a symmetry breaking trigger sourc...
1,941,325,219,645
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Barkhausen effect \cite{bark} was first observed in 1919 recording the noise produced by the sudden reversal of Weiss domains in a ferromagnet. Since then, the Barkhausen effect has been widely used as a non-destructive method to test magnetic materials and a detailed statistical analysis of...
1,941,325,219,646
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we study the problem of controlling a linear dynamical system driven by additive noise in order to minimize a sum of convex stage costs. In the standard \emph{risk-neutral} problem, we minimize the expected value of this sum. We focus on the \emph{risk-sensitive} problem, in which...
1,941,325,219,647
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Mars, one of four terrestrial planets in the solar system, has a small mass of $0.11$ $M_\oplus$ ($M_\oplus=$Earth mass) and an orbital semimajor axis of 1.5\,AU. Terrestrial planets are believed to have formed via collisions among Mars-sized planetary embryos in the long-term orbital instabil...
1,941,325,219,648
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Base phi representations were introduced by George Bergman in 1957 (\cite{Bergman}). Let the golden mean be given by $\varphi:=(1+\sqrt{5})/2$.\\ Ignoring leading and trailing zeros, any natural number $N$ can be written uniquely as $$N= \sum_{i=-\infty}^{\infty} d_i \varphi^i,\vspac...
1,941,325,219,649
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In theory of dynamical systems and nonlinear analysis quite a number of problems depending on parameters require analyzing the structure of the set of solutions of nonlinear equations, the number of variables in which exceeds the number of equations. As a rule, arising equations are rather compl...
1,941,325,219,650
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Stationary Newtonian hydrodynamic configurations --- axially symmetric and selfgravitating --- that rotate around a fixed axis, possess two pecularities. This is a free-boundary problem --- its domain has to be found simultaneously with the solution itself. In addition, the problem is un...
1,941,325,219,651
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \paragraph{Nearest-neighbour trees (NNT).} We study an embedded version of random growing trees whose attachment rule is based on a dynamical nearest neighbour.\par More precisely, let $(E, \delta, \mu)$ be a Polish space equipped with a metric $\delta$ and with a probability measure $\mu$ on $E$...
1,941,325,219,652
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \emph{Quantum groups}, and in particular quantized enveloping algebras and their dual quantum function algebras, have manifestations in different contexts, for example purely algebraic, at either a formal or a scalar parameter, or operator algebraic, at either the C$^*$-algebraic or von Neuma...
1,941,325,219,653
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper is about an integer sequence that appears in two very different places. The sequence in question is sequence A000570 in the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS), where it is described as: ``Number of tournaments on n nodes determined by their score vectors.'' It is interes...
1,941,325,219,654
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the past decade, the progress in cavity-magnon systems has been impressive, where magnons (i.e., collective spin excitations) in ferrimagnetic materials are strongly coupled to photons in microwave cavities via the collective magnetic-dipole interaction~\cite{Lachance-Quirion19,Yuan22,Ramesht...
1,941,325,219,655
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Machine lipreading is the classification of speech from only visual cues of a speaker and has long been a niche research problem in the field of speech processing. However, recent developments in deep learning has attracted significant interest and advancements from the Computer Vision and Machi...
1,941,325,219,656
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Reduction of estimation bias in statistical modelling is a task that has attracted immense research activity since the early days of the statistical literature. This ongoing activity resulted in an abundance of general bias-reduction methods of wide applicability. As is noted in \citet{kosmidis:...
1,941,325,219,657
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} In \cite{other}, we began an investigation of classical (commuting) *-Lie algebras ${\cal A}({\cal H})$ on spaces ${\cal H}$ of histories. These algebras contained smooth complex functions on ${\cal H}$ with the usual operations of multiplication, addition, and complex conjugation ...
1,941,325,219,658
arxiv
\section{Introduction} State-of-the-art machine learning methods have accomplished a wide variety of impressive tasks including instance segmentation, yet much of their progress in the real world is limited to supervised methods with large, labelled datasets. In areas such as the biomedical domain, this is particularly...
1,941,325,219,659
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Massive stars play an essential role in the Universe. Their explosive deaths produce most of the heavy elements, enriching the interstellar medium (ISM) and future generations of stars. They are rare, yet the energy and momentum they inject into the ISM dwarfs the contribution ...
1,941,325,219,660
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} In a stopping time problem, a decision maker obtains noisy observations of a random variable (state of nature) $x$ sequentially over time. Based on the observation history (sigma-algebra generated by the observations), the decision maker decides at each time whether to ...
1,941,325,219,661
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Please follow the steps outlined below when submitting your manuscript to the IEEE Computer Society Press. This style guide now has several important modifications (for example, you are no longer warned against the use of sticky tape to attach your artwork to the paper), so all authors should r...
1,941,325,219,662
arxiv
\section{Dynamics of cold atoms in a cavity} We investigate the dynamical non-linear behaviour of an optical cavity containing cold cesium atoms by sending a circularly polarisedprobe beam into the cavity. The atoms are cooled and trapped in a magneto-optical trap, operating in the standard way \cite{Monroe90} with th...
1,941,325,219,663
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Consider a scenario in which abrupt changes in the dynamics of a system occurs. The changes in the dynamics are such that the a priori known model cannot be used, and there is a need to learn the new dynamics on the fly. In such a scenario, the system needs to retain a certain d...
1,941,325,219,664
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro.sec} The debate regarding the true underlying mass function of young star cluster systems is presently very much alive, because it bears on the very essence of the star-forming process, as well as on the formation, assembly history and evolution of the clusters' host galaxies over c...
1,941,325,219,665
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{FurthA} The Kilbas-Saigo function is a three-parameter entire function having the convergent series representation $$E_{\alpha,m,l} (z)\; =\; 1\; +\; \sum_{n\ge 1} \left(\prod_{k=1}^n \frac{\Ga(1+ \alpha((k-1)m +l))}{\Ga(1 + \alpha((k-1)m + l +1))}\right) z^n, \qquad z\in\CC,$$ where the...
1,941,325,219,666
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} In modern theoretical and mathematical physics, the ideas of symmetry and invariance play a very important role. Sets of symmetry transformations form groups and therefore the most natural language for describing symmetries is the group theory language. About 40 years ago, in the study of ...
1,941,325,219,667
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Blowing bubbles is an experience enjoyed by young and old alike. In the 17th century, both Robert Hooke \cite{hooke28holes} and later Isaac Newton \cite{newton1952opticks} have been excited by the beauty of soap bubbles. After Newton, a number of scientists performed numerous and curious exp...
1,941,325,219,668
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results}\label{Sec:equacaIntromainresults} Viterbo's conjecture is an isoperimetric-type conjecture for symplectic capacities of convex bodies, which was raised by Viterbo in \cite{Viterbo2000}. It says that for any symplectic capacity $c$ and any convex body $C$ in the standard symplect...
1,941,325,219,669
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A quantum theory of gravity combines the fundamental constants of nature $G$ and $\hbar$, characteristic of the ingredients of general relativity and quantum mechanics. It should therefore assign a specific role to the Planck length $\ell_{\rm P}=\sqrt{G\hbar}$, the Planck mass $m_{\rm P}=\hba...
1,941,325,219,670
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The phase diagram of cuprates still represents one of the major challenges in solid state physics, both for theoreticians and experimentalists. Besides superconductivity (SC) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering, several regimes with distinct electronic properties have been identified within t...
1,941,325,219,671
arxiv
1,941,325,219,672
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The radiative heat transfer between macroscopic dielectric bodies is a well-understood physical phenomenom and the energy transported per unit time and unit area can be expressed by the Kirchhoff-Planck law~\cite{L.D.Landau_E.M.Lifschitz_1979} in the stationary case, i.e., when the bodies are ...
1,941,325,219,673
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Inflation is typically described as a rather uneventful period in the history of the Universe -- an uneventfulness whose observable counterpart is the absence of features in the power spectrum of the primordial perturbations. However, the time-dependence of the inflaton zero ...
1,941,325,219,674
arxiv
\section{Introduction} When does a set of free subgroups of a group satisfy the ascending chain condition? If a group $G$ contains a free subgroup, then it contains a subgroup isomorphic to the free group $F(a, b)$. The subgroups $\gen{a} < \gen{a,bab^{-1}} < \gen{a, bab^{-1}, b^2ab^{-2}} < \cdots$ are a proper ascend...
1,941,325,219,675
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Big Bang Nucleosynthesis\footnotetext{Summary of Lectures given at the Advanced School on Cosmology and Particle Physics, Peniscola, Spain, June 1998 and at the Theoretical and Observational Cosmology Summer School , Cargese, Corsica, France, August 1998.} (BBN) is the theory explaining the ori...
1,941,325,219,676
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For an integer $d$, let $h(d)$ denote the class number of the quadratic field $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d})$. Assume that $\ell, k$ and $n$ are positive integers such that \begin{equation}\label{eqi1} \ell^2-\lambda^2k^n=-ds^2,~~~ \gcd(\ell, k)=1, \ell^2<\lambda^2y^n, ~~ \lambda\in\{1,\sqrt{2}, 2\}. \en...
1,941,325,219,677
arxiv
\section{Introduction} New York City (NYC) has been the locus of a major prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in early 2020 \cite{nyc_epicenter}. Many people have been hospitalized and also many have lost their lives to this diseas...
1,941,325,219,678
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Motivations and statement of the main result} The Dirac operator defined on a bounded domain of the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^2$ attracted a lot of attention in the recent few years. Motivated by the unique properties of low energy charge carriers in grap\-hene, various mathematica...
1,941,325,219,679
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well known that quantum mechanics in discrete variables, tight-binding models in solids and electromagnetic waves in periodic media share similar dynamical formalisms. In the traditional approach to these systems, the band structure plays a central role in the determination of the propagat...
1,941,325,219,680
arxiv
\section{Introduction and summary} The ratio of the shear viscosity to entropy density in thermally equilibrated systems which are homogeneous, isotropic and described by a holographic dual is given by the celebrated relation \cite{Policastro:2001yc} \begin{equation} \label{E:etas} \frac{\eta}{s} = \frac{1}{4\pi}\,. ...
1,941,325,219,681
arxiv
\section{\uppercase{Introduction}} \label{sec:introduction} \noindent Image classification and object detection have been active areas of research during the last few years \cite{10,27,28}. Initially, handcrafted approaches, such as Bag-of-Visual-Words (BoVW) \cite{1}, were employed that yielded reasonably good result...
1,941,325,219,682
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The hybrid metalorganic and the inorganic halide perovskites, ABX$_{3}$ with A = organic cation or Cs$^+$, B\ = Pb$^{2+}$, Sn$^{2+}$, X = I$^-$, Br$^-$, Cl$^-$, have been the object of extensive investigations since it was demonstrated that they exhibit excellent photovoltaic performance and may...
1,941,325,219,683
arxiv
\section{A view of inflation spanning 17 e-folds} \begin{floatingfigure}[l]{9cm} \includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{powerspectrumpixieinflation.eps} \caption{\label{fig1} A possible view of $17$ e-folds of inflation.} \end{floatingfigure} Successes of CMB experiments such as COBE \cite{cobe,cobedmr}, WMAP \cite{wmap}, SPT \...
1,941,325,219,684
arxiv
\section*{Ethical Implications} \vspace{-0.5em} \newcommand{\vspace{0.2em}}{\vspace{0.2em}} Biases in Machine Learning are a sensitive issue that should not be dismissed as being caused by the underlying data alone. Datasets are \emph{not} the sole cause of societal bias in ML models \cite{Mitchell_2019}. Therefore, w...
1,941,325,219,685
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the discovery of dark matter, physicists have been searching the entirety of cosmic history, from experiments at colliders to observations of the cosmic microwave background, for fingerprints that might reveal the identity of dark matter. Most models work under the assumption that the dark...
1,941,325,219,686
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} All stars are believed to possess expanding outer atmospheres known as stellar winds. Continual mass loss has a significant impact on the evolution of the stars themselves, on surrounding planetary systems, and on the evolution of gas and dust in galaxies \citep[see reviews by]...
1,941,325,219,687
arxiv
\section{Acknowledgments} This work has been supported by NSF grant DMS-0244498 and by North Carolina State University. We thank the UCLA/Duke/NCSU Thin Films group,{ \it Bruno Andreotti}, and L. Mahadevan for helpful conversations.