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1,108,101,562,415
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Eigenvalues of various graph-theoretical matrices often reflect structure properties of graphs meaningfully \cite{cvetkovic1}. In fact, studying eigenvalues of graphs and, then, characterizing those graphs based on certain properties of their eigenvalues has a long standing history, see \cite{cve...
1,108,101,562,416
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Free-boundary problems are known for their high mathematical complexity, both in terms of analysis and numerical modelling. The understanding and tracking of the free-boundary adds extra difficulties to the already challenging distributed parameter systems, and demands the use of a wide range of ...
1,108,101,562,417
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Physical properties of anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs), soft gamma repeaters (SGRs), and dim isolated neutron stars (XDINs) indicated by the observations, significantly depend on the actual torque mechanism slowing down these sources. There are two basic torque models that try to explain the evol...
1,108,101,562,418
arxiv
\section*{Supplementary Material} See supplementary online material for the structural and magnetic characterization of the bi- and trilayer samples, the carrier concentration of the Ga:ZnO layer, and a more elaborate discussion of the SMR trilayer simulation. \begin{acknowledgments} M.S.R. and J.M. would like to than...
1,108,101,562,419
arxiv
\chapter{Feynman rules}\label{app:feyn_rules} In this Appendix we present the Feynman rules involving different types of anomalous couplings generated by effective Lagrangians defined various sections of chapters~\ref{chap:neutral_currents} and~\ref{chap:CC}. \section{Neutral currents}\label{app:feyn_neutral} In Tab.~\...
1,108,101,562,420
arxiv
\section{Introduction} 1E\,1048.1$-$5937{}, one of the original ``anomalous X-ray pulsars'' \citep[AXPs;][]{1995ApJ...442L..17M}, is now classified as part of a small class of pulsars known as magnetars -- neutron stars which display behavior thought to be powered by their immense magnetic fields. For a recent revie...
1,108,101,562,421
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In time-frequency analysis, one studies a signal $\psi \in L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)$ by considering various time-frequency representations of $\psi$. An important class of time-frequency representations is obtained by fixing $\varphi\in L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)$ and considering the \textit{short-time Fourier t...
1,108,101,562,422
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{In}} Within the standard model the calculation of the $K\rightarrow \pi\pi$ decay amplitudes is based on the effective low-energy hamiltonian for $\Delta S=\nolinebreak 1$ transitions \cite{delS}, \begin{equation} {\cal H}_{ef\hspace{-0.5mm}f}^{\scriptscriptstyle \Delta S=1}=\frac{G_F}{\sqr...
1,108,101,562,423
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Models of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking (DEWSB) like Technicolor are possible extensions of the Standard Model, and many proposals have been put forward for a strongly--interacting sector beyond the Standard Model since the original proposals in Refs.~\cite{Weinberg:1979bn,Susskind:1978...
1,108,101,562,424
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most luminous explosive events in the Universe. It is well known that the observed gamma-ray emission are produced by relativistic outflows. The fireball of a GRB is required to have a relativistic speed toward the earth in order to avoid the ``compactness p...
1,108,101,562,425
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The geometry of a static and stationary spherically symmetric wormhole consists of a two-mouthed tunnel (referred as a tube, throat, or handle in the literature). This tube like structure is a multiply connected spacetime which can join two asymptotically flat regions of the same spacetime or ...
1,108,101,562,426
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \par Modern statistical applications often encounter situations where it is critical to account for inherent heterogeneity and substructures in data \cite{luo2010, verbeke1996, Dietterich2000, Bouwmeester2013}. Under the presence of heterogeneity in the distribution of covariates, it is natural ...
1,108,101,562,427
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The recent experimental data from Double Chooz [1], Daya Bay [2], RENO [3], T2K [4] and MINOS [5] collaborations, indicate not only a nonzero reactor angle ($\theta_{13}$) but also with its magnitude of the order of Cabibbo angle ($\theta_{c}$). Tri-Bimaximal (TBM) mixing [6] and Bimaximal (BM) m...
1,108,101,562,428
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \input{intro.tex} \label{intro} \section{Problem Formulation and Theory} \input{theory.tex} \label{theory} \section{Results and Discussion} \input{results.tex} \label{results} \section{Summary} \input{summary.tex} \label{summary} \begin{acknowledgments} This work was sponsored by NSF grant CBET-0...
1,108,101,562,429
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Ultracold atoms trapped in optical lattices are ideally suited for investigations of the phase structure and phase transitions of strongly interacting quantum many-body systems. A recently highlighted example is the superfluid to Mott insulator transition studied in Ref.~\cite{Greiner2002} u...
1,108,101,562,430
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec-introduction} The present world craves for optimization with respect to every possible aspects of the nature and its happenings due to the rapid depletion of easy energy sources and profit maximization. Hence a lot of focus has been made on optimization of different fields of engineeri...
1,108,101,562,431
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The perovskite ($AB$O$_3$) family of materials has been paid considerable attention both in experimental and theoretical studies due to their flexible and coupled compositional, structural, electrical and magnetic properties ~\cite{Bellaiche00p5427, Saito04p84, Bilc06p147602}. Such flexibility...
1,108,101,562,432
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \noindent The processes that cause star formation activity in galaxies to diminish or ``quench'' are of great interest in understanding galaxy evolution. A number of observational and (semi-)numerical studies \citep{vdb+08,rb09,ww10,vdw+10,hopkins+10,more+11,prescott+11,wtc12,wt...
1,108,101,562,433
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In a joint paper with Albert Schwarz \cite{ps2}, we gave definitions of Hochschild cohomology and cyclic cohomology of an \hbox{$A_\infty$}\ algebra, and showed that these cohomology theories classified the infinitesimal deformations of the \hbox{$A_\infty$}\ structure and those deformations pres...
1,108,101,562,434
arxiv
\section{Angular-averaged $A_{\rm PV}$} \label{sec:angaver} The parity-violating asymmetry $A_{\rm PV}$ is a function of the transferred momentum $q$, or equivalently four momentum $Q$. These are functions of the incoming electron beam energy $E_\mathrm{el}$ and the scattering angle $\theta$. To be precise, one shoul...
1,108,101,562,435
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The cuprate YBa$_{\text{2}}$Cu$_{\text{3}}$O$_{\text{7}-\delta}$ (YBCO) is one of the most prominent representatives of oxides exhibiting High-Temperature Superconductivity (HTS).\cite{PhysRevLett.58.908,1347-4065-26-4A-L314,bednorz} The structure of YBCO is characterized by two different latti...
1,108,101,562,436
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The shape of the stellar body of a galaxy reflects its formation process. Reconstructing the intrinsic, three-dimensional shapes of spiral galaxies from their shapes projected on the sky has a long tradition, and proved to be an exquisitely accurate and precise approach, especia...
1,108,101,562,437
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In \cite{Incurvati2016}, Luca Incurvati defines the scheme $\textsf{RP}_{m,n}$ as follows, for all integers $m, n$ such that $0<m\leq n$. The schema $\textsf{RP}_{m,n}$ is defined to be a schema of sentences in the $n$th-order language of set theory, where for each well-formed formula $\phi$ i...
1,108,101,562,438
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sect:intro} The ability to fabricate ultra-clean graphene sheets by encapsulation in hexagonal boron nitride crystals~\cite{mayorov_nanolett_2011,wang_science_2013,taychatanapat_naturephys_2013,bandurin_science_2016} allows the investigation of ballistic transport in a large range of tem...
1,108,101,562,439
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} The authors acknowledge the support of \textit{Agence Nationale de la Recherche} through the \textit{Ethna}, \textit{ThermaEscape} and \textit{Monaco} projects. P.O.C. thanks B. Palpant for discussions. { \small \linespread{1}
1,108,101,562,440
arxiv
\section{About this document} \section{Executive Summary} \subsection{Findings} \begin{enumerate} \item NASA, NSF, ESA, and CERN fund data archive centers dedicated to preserving and sharing data beyond the lifetime of individual projects. DOE does not have an equivalent data archive center for its Cosmic ...
1,108,101,562,441
arxiv
\section{Information Theory \& Emergence} \subsubsection*{A Note on Notation} The information theoretic formalisms around emergence unfortunately require notation to represent a number of overlapping, and potentially confusing, concepts. In general, one-dimensional random variables will be represented with italiciz...
1,108,101,562,442
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The aim of this work is computing periods of words in the approximate pattern matching model (see e.g.\ \cite{Jewels,DBLP:books/cu/Gusfield1997}). This task can be stated as the \emph{approximate period recovery (APR) problem} that was defined by Amir et al.~\cite{DBLP:journals/talg/AmirELPS12}. ...
1,108,101,562,443
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In the normal heart, each heartbeat is associated with an action potential (AP). The cardiac AP consists of a depolarized phase in which the voltage is elevated; this is associated with transient increased permeability of the cell membrane to Na$^+$ and Ca$^{2+}$. The depolar...
1,108,101,562,444
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Symmetries comprise the most fundamental laws of nature, allowing to f\/ind conserved quantities and exact solutions of the equations of motion. The existence of a suf\/f\/icient number of conserved quantities facilitates the investigation of a given dynamical system. Complete integrability of t...
1,108,101,562,445
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Neural networks provide state-of-the-art results in a variety of machine learning tasks, however, several neural network's aspects complicate their usage in practice, including overconfidence~\cite{deepens}, vulnerability to adversarial attacks~\cite{adv_attacks}, and overfitting~\cite{overfittin...
1,108,101,562,446
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Motivated by high accuracy at reduced computational cost with respect to uniform grid methods, numerous adaptive discretization schemes of evolutionary partial differential equations (PDEs) have been developed since decades, see, e.g., \cite{Brandt77}. Real world problems, for instance, fluid and...
1,108,101,562,447
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Dark energy is a fundamental component of the nowadays standard cosmological model. It would be very difficult to explain the set of present days cosmological observations without it. Specifically, we refer to the luminosity-redshift relationship from observations of supernovae of type Ia (...
1,108,101,562,448
arxiv
\section{% \@startsection {section}% {1}% {\z@}% {0.8cm \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}% {0.5cm}% {% \normalfont\small\bfseries \centering }% }% \def\@hangfrom@section#1#2#3{\@hangfrom{#1#2}\MakeTextUppercase{#3}}% \def\subsection{% \@startsection {subsection}% {2}% {\z@}...
1,108,101,562,449
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} Type Ic supernovae (SNe~Ic) are classified from their optical spectra as having no hydrogen or helium present \citep[for a review of supernova classification, see][]{F97}. They constitute $\sim 10$\% of the total number of SNe in the local universe \citep{Li:2011cl}. SNe~...
1,108,101,562,450
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Main Goal} In \cite{Ram}, the authors give five continued fractions for certain ${\mathbb Z}$-linear combinations of zeta values, only obtained and checked numerically, as well as other linear combinations involving powers of $\pi$, Catalan's constant, etc... The purpose of the present paper ...
1,108,101,562,451
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} I am grateful to Antonio Pich for the illuminating discussion during this work and many important suggestions on the manuscript. Many thanks to Anjan S. Joshipura, Namit Mahajan, Saurabh D. Rindani and Utpal Sarkar for valuable and critical feedback on this work. I thank to Mehran Zahiri ...
1,108,101,562,452
arxiv
\section{Introduction} During disruptions on the largest operating tokamak, JET, the current profile, $K\equiv\mu_0j_{||}/B$, flattens on a time scale $\lesssim 1$~ms, which is orders of magnitude shorter than the time scale for resistive diffusion. The evidence \cite{Wesson:1990,de Vries:2016} for the flattening is...
1,108,101,562,453
arxiv
\section{Introduction} {\bf Introduction.} The Born-Oppenheimer (BO) problem \cite{bo} is concerned with the analysis of Schr\"odinger type operators where the small electron to nucleon mass ratio, plays the role of the semiclassical parameter. \cite{aventini-seiler,berry,lh,mead,mead2,mead_truhlar,jackiw,wilczek}. Th...
1,108,101,562,454
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} Advances in the field of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) have enabled the detection and manipulation of the spin of individual magnetic atoms and molecules\cite{Stipe1998}. With current STM techniques magnetic atoms can be arranged into artificial ass...
1,108,101,562,455
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Dubins path planning problem is widely used for path planning and trajectory planning for unmanned aerial vehicles with finite yaw rate. For the vehicles with finite yaw rate, it is natural to use Dubins paths to generate flyable trajectories that satisfy the curvature constraints. Given an initi...
1,108,101,562,456
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Age- and cause-specific under-five mortality (ACSU5M) rates are a critical indicator of the health and well-being of children worldwide. Therefore, understanding patterns and trends in ACSU5M is crucial for informing and evaluating age and disease-targeted interventions and policie...
1,108,101,562,457
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Intro} The ($K^-$,~$\pi^-$) reaction has been an essential tool for studying spectroscopy in hypernuclear physics and strange particle physics \cite{Bruckner76,Bruckner78,Chrien79}. This reaction has played an important role in understanding hypernuclear structures related to the...
1,108,101,562,458
arxiv
\section{Continuum limit} \label{app:cont_model} The magnetic Hamiltonian $H_{\rm ph}$ for the photonic lattice is quadratic in the field operators and can be written in a diagonal form as \begin{equation} H_{\rm ph}= \sum_\lambda \omega_\lambda \Psi_\lambda^\dag \Psi_\lambda, \qquad {\rm where}\qquad [\Psi_\lambda,\Ps...
1,108,101,562,459
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The smoothed boundary method \cite{Bueno-Orovio:2006a,Bueno-Orovio:2006b,Bueno-Orovio:2006c} and other similar approaches \cite{Gal:2006,Wu:2007,Gal:2008} have recently been demonstrated as powerful tools for solving various partial differential equations with boundary conditions imposed within ...
1,108,101,562,460
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec:Introduction} Cool subdwarfs are the oldest members of the low-mass stellar population, with spectral types of K and M, masses between $\sim$0.6 and $\sim$0.08 M$_\sun$, and surface effective temperatures between ~4000 and ~2300 K \citep{kal09}. First coined by \citet{kui39}, subdwar...
1,108,101,562,461
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The effect of electric fields on the behavior of dielectric block copolymer melts in bulk and in thin films has found increasing interest in recent years \cite{wirtz-ma92}-\cite{matsen06} (and references therein) due to the possibility to create uniform alignment in macroscopic microphase separa...
1,108,101,562,462
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Within the field of spintronics,\cite{book_awschalom_2002,zutic_2004,awschalom_2007} semiconductor devices with spin-orbit coupling have attracted great attention over the past years because they offer a setting where electronic spin polarizations can be generated and manipulated in the absenc...
1,108,101,562,463
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of the size and shape of the density distributions of protons and neutrons in nuclei is a classic, yet always contemporary area of nuclear physics. The proton densities of a host of nuclei are known quite well from the accurate nuclear charge densities measured in experiments involvin...
1,108,101,562,464
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the main challenges in molecular and systems biology is to infer mechanistic details of the processes that underlie available experimental data. A common strategy consists in applying controlled perturbations to the system of interest, and compare model predictions with gathered quantitati...
1,108,101,562,465
arxiv
\section*{INTRODUCTION} The tumor suppressor p53 plays a central role in cellular responses to various stresses, such as oxidative stress, hypoxia, telomere erosion and DNA damage \cite{Levine2009,Junttila2009}. As a powerful transcription factor, p53 primarily functions by inducing the transcription of many different...
1,108,101,562,466
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Higher-order topological superconductors (HOTSC) are novel forms of gapped quantum matter that host gappable surfaces but gapless corners or hinges in-between\cite{benalcazar2017quantized,schindler2018higher}. Since their initial discovery, HOTSC and their descendants have been discussed extensiv...
1,108,101,562,467
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} \label{conclusion} This paper presented an open-source labeled dataset and a benchmark for object detection for \gls{ssl}. The proposed dataset guarantees variety with images extracted from different sources under distinct lighting conditions and camera configurations. The labeled objects are Robo...
1,108,101,562,468
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Data augmentation techniques are used to enhance models' performance by adding additional variations to the training data. These techniques are widely applied to improve automatic speech recognition (ASR) performance \cite{ko15_interspeech,kim17_interspeech,Hannun2014DeepSS,nguyen2020improving}. ...
1,108,101,562,469
arxiv
\section{Introduction} On September 26, 2022, NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission will kinetically deflect Dimorphos, the smaller component of the binary asteroid 65803 Didymos, as a planetary defense demonstration test \citep{Rivkin2021}. Prior to the impact, DART will deploy the Light Italian CubeS...
1,108,101,562,470
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The automated audio captioning task is a combination of audio and natural language processing to create meaningful natural language sentences \cite{DBLP:journals/corr/DrossosAV17}. The purpose of audio captioning is different than the previous audio processing tasks such as...
1,108,101,562,471
arxiv
\section{Introduction In typical modern machine learning tasks, we often encounter large scale optimization problems, which require huge computational time to solve. Hence, saving computational time of optimization processes is practically quite important and is main interest in the optimization community. \par To tac...
1,108,101,562,472
arxiv
\section{Optical and mechanical design} \label{sec:appA} The optomechanical crystal (OMC) studied in this work is numerically optimized for both optomechanical coupling and optical/acoustic quality factor, via finite-element method (FEM) simulation in COMSOL Multiphysics~\cite{COMSOL}, according to the procedure outli...
1,108,101,562,473
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Particle-in-Cell (PIC) codes are among the most popular tools for the kinetic simulation of plasmas~\cite{birdsall}. They consist in following the continuous trajectories of charged particles moving through a spatial domain under the action of external and self-induced electromagnetic (EM) field...
1,108,101,562,474
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} There are many different types of bound-state problem that arise in atomic and molecular physics. These range from the electronic structure problem, involving antisymmetrised many-particle wavefunctions and Cou\-lomb interaction potentials, to low-amplitude molecular vibrational pr...
1,108,101,562,475
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this note we investigate Adrian Raftery's {\em mixture transition distribution model} (MTD) from the perspective of algebraic statistics \cite{LAS, ascb}. The MTD model, which was first proposed in \cite{Raf}, has a wide range of applications in engineering and the sciences \cite{RT}. The art...
1,108,101,562,476
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Despite more than fifty years since the seminal work of Anderson \cite{Ander58}, the localization of single particle wavefunctions in disordered quantum systems continues to attract a significant interest \cite{abr2010}. Exactly solvable models naturally have played a crucial role in the unders...
1,108,101,562,477
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec_intro} The aim of this work is to explore connections between the concepts given in the title: \begin{enum} \item \emph{Noise-induced phase slips} are occasional losses of synchrony of two coupled phase oscillators, due to stochastic perturbations~\cite{PRK}. The problem of finding t...
1,108,101,562,478
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Maritime history is the study of human activity at sea. It covers a broad thematic element of history, focusing on understanding humankind's various relationships to the oceans, seas, and major waterways of the globe \cite{hattendorf2012maritime}. A large area of research in this field requires ...
1,108,101,562,479
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Coalgebra \cite{jacobs,r:universal-coalgebra} is a general framework in which several types of transition systems can be studied (deterministic and non-deterministic automata, weighted automata, transition systems with non deterministic and probabilistic branching, etc.). One of the strong poin...
1,108,101,562,480
arxiv
\section*{} We have created an experimental procedure for determining the temperature coefficient of resistivity, $\alpha_R$, for introductory physics laboratories. As in the procedure from Henry [1], this method examines the relationship between temperature and resistivity to establish $\alpha_R$ within 10\% of the ac...
1,108,101,562,481
arxiv
\section{Introduction} To process autonomous tasks, some blockchains execute digital programs called \emph{smart contracts} that become immutable once deployed \citep{zheng2020overview}. Smart contracts are autonomous programs that can (1) customize contracting rules and functions between contractors and (2) facili...
1,108,101,562,482
arxiv
\section{Introduction: A Motivating Question} Let ${\mathcal X}=\{x_1,x_2,...,x_n\}$ be a fixed set of real numbers, and let $X_1,X_2,...,X_n$ be the successive values of a sample of size $n$ that is drawn sequentially without replacement from the set $\mathcal X$. We are concerned here with a systematic process...
1,108,101,562,483
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Dispersal of infectious pathogens such as viruses through airborne sputum droplets can lead to the rapid transmission of diseases in the general population posing a great risk to public health. There are several minor and major infectious diseases that are transmitted through virus-carrying sput...
1,108,101,562,484
arxiv
\section{#1}% \let\@seccntformat\@oldform% } \makeatother \newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem} \newtheorem{corollary}[theorem]{Corollary} \newtheorem{definition}[theorem]{Definition} \newtheorem{remark}[theorem]{Remark} \newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma} \newtheorem{proposition}[theorem]{Proposition} \tit...
1,108,101,562,485
arxiv
\section{0pt}{4pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}{4pt plus 2pt minus 2pt} \def\BibTeX{{\rm B\kern-.05em{\sc i\kern-.025em b}\kern-.08em T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}} \begin{document} \input{writeup_10.tex} \bibliographystyle{IEEEtran} \section{Introduction} For self-navigation, the most fundamental comput...
1,108,101,562,486
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The goal of this paper is to present an alternative but equivalent approach to the classical construction of L-functions for automorphic representations of $\GL(1)$. Philosophically, we are trying to answer the question ``where does an L-function live?'' in the simplest case, Tate's classical co...
1,108,101,562,487
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This package provides an essential feature to \LaTeX~that has been missing for too long. It adds a coffee stain to your documents. A lot of time can be saved by printing stains directly on the page rather than adding it manually. You can choose from four different stain types: \begin{enumerate} ...
1,108,101,562,488
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With many important applications in aerial or underwater missions, systems are underactuated either by design---in order to reduce actuator weight, expenses or energy consumption---or as a result of technical failures. In both cases, it is important to develop control policies that can exploit th...
1,108,101,562,489
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec: introduction} One of the most distinctive features of quantum phases of matter is that they are not completely characterized by their pattern of symmetry breaking (order parameters of some kind), which is in a sharp contrast to classical statistical systems. Instead, quantum ground s...
1,108,101,562,490
arxiv
\section{Concluding Remarks} \label{sec-discussion} We analyze the impact of GDPR on storage systems. We find that achieving strict compliance efficiently is hard; a naive attempt at strict compliance results in significant slowdown. We modify Redis to be GDPR-compliant and measure the performance overhead of each mo...
1,108,101,562,491
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Turbulent transport governs the spreading of contaminants in the environment, mixing of chemical constituents in combustion engines or in stellar interiors, accretion in proto-stellar molecular clouds, acceleration of cosmic rays, and escape of hot particles from fusion machines. Because of i...
1,108,101,562,492
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Auto2, introduced by the author in \cite{auto2}, is a proof automation tool for the proof assistant Isabelle. It is designed to be a powerful, extensible prover that can consistently solve ``routine'' tasks encountered during a proof, thereby enabling a style of formalization using succinct proo...
1,108,101,562,493
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Learning to learn is essential in human intelligence but is still a wide area of research in machine learning. \textit{Meta-learning} has emerged as a popular approach to enable models to perform well on new tasks using limited data. It involves first a \textit{meta-training} process, when the mo...
1,108,101,562,494
arxiv
\section{Introduction} When cosmic rays collide with nuclei in the air in Earth's atmosphere, hadrons are produced in inelastic collisions. These hadrons interact, lose energy, and finally decay, leading to a cascade of particles in the atmosphere that will finally hit the ground. Semileptonic decays of hadrons in the...
1,108,101,562,495
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $A\in\mathbb{C}^{m\times n}$ be a matrix with singular value decomposition given by $$A=U\Sigma V^*=\left[ \begin{array}{cc} U_{k} & U_{m-k} \\ \end{array} \right]\left[ \begin{array}{cc} ...
1,108,101,562,496
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For a Banach space $X$, the continuous pairing between $X^*$, the topological dual of $X$, and $X$ is denoted by $\langle , \rangle$. A map $A : X \rightarrow X^{\ast}$ is called $(S)_+$ if for every sequence $(u_n) \subset X$, $u_n \rightharpoonup u$, the inequality \begin{equation} \limsup_{n...
1,108,101,562,497
arxiv
\section{The problem} Consider a `triangle' of squares in a grid whose sides are $n$ squares long, as illustrated by the diagram in Figure \ref{7.fig}, for which $n=7$. \begin{figure} \caption{A triangle of size 7} \label{7.fig} \begin{equation*} \setlength{\unitlength}{.5mm} \begin{picture}(100,90) \put(10,10)...
1,108,101,562,498
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Dimensional regularization (DR) \cite{tHooft:1972tcz} is a widely used regularization scheme to regularize divergences in the loop Feynman integrals, where the spacetime dimension is continued to non-integer $d=4-2\epsilon$ dimensions. In general $d$ spacetime dimensions, there exists a special c...
1,108,101,562,499
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The close proximity of the Magellanic Clouds offers an important opportunity to study in detail the dynamics and composition of these galaxies. One of the important issues that affects our interpretation of the observable parameters is the three-dimensional structure of the Clouds. The Large Mag...
1,108,101,562,500
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent 25 years, considerable progress has been made in loop quantum gravity (LQG)\cite{Ro04,Th07,As04,Ma07}, which is a non-perturbative and background independent quantization of general relativity. A particular feature of LQG is to to inherit the core concept of general relativity that...
1,108,101,562,501
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction} Given a set $P$ of $n$ points, and a set \set{B} of $m$ boxes (i.e. axis-aligned closed hyper-rectangles) in $d$-dimensional space, the \textsc{Box Cover} problem consists in finding a set $\mathcal{C \subseteq B}$ of minimum size such that \set{C} covers $P$. A...
1,108,101,562,502
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of tangent bundles and their relationship to the base manifold often rely on the Sasaki metric. However, we may gain valuable mathematical and physical insights by choosing a more general metric. For mechanical systems, tangent bundles arise naturally where the manifold is the configur...
1,108,101,562,503
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the present paper we consider overdetermined problems for the fractional Laplacian in unbounded exterior sets or bounded annular sets. Different cases will be taken into account, but the results obtained will lead in any case to the classification of the solution and of the domain, that wil...
1,108,101,562,504
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}} The presence and nature of dust in the universe can be explored by observing both the thermal radiation it emits, and its influence on stellar photons, which it absorbs and scatters to produce extinction. Both of these methods sample different dust populations, with emission bein...
1,108,101,562,505
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Optical interference coatings with as low as possible optical and mechanical losses are in demand for high-precision optical measurement applications such as atomic clocks and interferometric gravitational-wave detectors~\cite{Harry:2011book}. In gravitational-wave observatorie...
1,108,101,562,506
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $ K$ be a convex body in $ \mathbb{R}^n $ with $ C^2 $ boundary $ \partial K$ and everywhere positive Gaussian curvature $\kappa$. First, in \cite{gruber1993asymptotic} it was shown that \begin{align*} &\lim_{N\to\infty}\frac{\min\{\text{vol}_n\left(P \setminus K\right)\;|\textrm{$ K \subse...
1,108,101,562,507
arxiv
\section*{\Large\centering Supplementary Material: \\Occupancy Planes for Single-view RGB-D Human Reconstruction}\vspace{0.2cm} \input{./supp/tex/intro} \input{./supp/tex/implementation} \input{./supp/tex/quantitative} \input{./supp/tex/qualitative} \end{document} \section{More Qualitative Results}\label{s...
1,108,101,562,508
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} Several basic but important concepts relevant to QIP are illustrated by experiments on a liquid-state ensemble NMR quantum information processor. While pure quantum mechanical states are not achievable here, the creation and application of pseudo-pure states is demonstrated. Tests of spinor beha...
1,108,101,562,509
arxiv
\section*{Abstract: } Let $X$ be a smooth projective toric surface, and ${\mathbb H}^d(X)$ the Hilbert scheme parametrising the length $d$ zero-dimensional subschemes of $X$. We compute the rational Chow ring $A^*({\mathbb H}^d(X))_{\mathbb Q}$. More precisely, if $T\subset X$ is the two-dimensional torus contained...
1,108,101,562,510
arxiv
\section{Background} \label{sec::background} \subsection{Reinforcement Learning} We consider the standard RL setup where an agent interacts with an environment $\mathcal{E}$ over a number of discrete timesteps, where the interaction is modeled as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). At each timestep \(t\), the agent...
1,108,101,562,511
arxiv
\section{Introduction} According to Einstein \cite{Einstein1917}, all interactions of light with matter are coherent in media large and homogeneous enough that statistical thermodynamics and Huygens construction are valid. Most spectroscopists have long ignored Einstein's work. Thus they despised Townes' ideas before m...
1,108,101,562,512
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Bound states of heavy quarks, in particular the charmonium state $J/\psi$ and its excitations as well as the heavier bottomonium states, are sensitive probes for deconfining features of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) \cite{matsui}. Different excitations of these states are expected to dissolve at ...
1,108,101,562,513
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The Standard Model with minimal Higgs content is not expected to be the ultimate theoretical structure responsible for electroweak symmetry breaking \cite{hhg,habertasi}. If the Standard Model is embedded in a more fundamental structure characterized by a much larger energy sc...
1,108,101,562,514
arxiv
\section*{INTRODUCTION} The adsorption of electronegative atoms on metal surfaces is of paramount importance in surface science as well as electrochemistry.\cite{Magnussen_CR102,Tripkovic_FD140,Andryushechkin_SSR73,Zhu_JESC163} As an electronegative atom approaches a metal surface, charge is transferred and it becomes...