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1,108,101,562,515
arxiv
\section{Introduction} String gas cosmology, originally discussed in \cite{BV,TV} (see also \cite{Perlt}) and later reconstructed in the context of branes as fundamental degrees of freedom in string theory~\cite{ABE,BEK}, provides a mechanism for constructing a nonsingular cosmology and a mechanism which confines all ...
1,108,101,562,516
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Higher-curvature theories of gravity play an important role in theoretical physics. On one hand, higher derivatives seem necessary to obtain a consistent quantum description of gravity. For example, string theory and effective field theory approaches predict an infinite tower of higher-curvature...
1,108,101,562,517
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Mesh patterns were first introduced by Br\"and\'en and Claesson in \cite{Bra11} as a generalisation of permutation patterns, and have been studied extensively in recent years, see e.g.,~\cite{CTU15,JKR15}. A mesh pattern consist of a pair $(\pi,P)$, where $\pi$ is a permutation and $P$ is a set o...
1,108,101,562,518
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A wide range of galactic and cosmological observations has verified the existing of dark matter, which contributes a considerable part of the total energy density in the Universe. The $\textit{cold dark matter}$ model has successfully explained the observed large-scale structure. However, we stil...
1,108,101,562,519
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{S:Intro} It was shown in \cite{F-T-Gev} (see also~\cite{Chae}, \cite{FMRT}) that the solutions of the 2D Navier--Stokes equations with periodic boundary conditions belong to the Gevrey class of analytic functions (if the forcing term does). Using the Gevrey regularity approach the followin...
1,108,101,562,520
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In~\cite{FKT2}, the authors introduced a class of Riemann surfaces of infinite genus that are ``asymptotic to'' a finite number of complex lines joined by infinite many handles. These surfaces are constructed by pasting together a compact submanifold of finite genus, plane domains, and handles....
1,108,101,562,521
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \noindent Let $k$ be a field that is finitely generated over~$\bbQ$ and let $X$ be a geometrically connected variety over~$k$. We do not assume that $X$ is complete or non-singular. For $\ell$ a prime number, let $H_\ell = \mathrm{H}^1(X_\kbar,\bbZ_\ell)$ be the $\ell$-adic cohomology in degree...
1,108,101,562,522
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is a well-known fact that in single-field slow-roll inflation \cite{infl2,infl3,infl4}, the comoving curvature perturbation ${\mathcal R}_c$ and the uniform density curvature perturbation $\zeta$ coincide and are conserved. In the seminal works \cite{Malik3,lms}, it was shown that requirin...
1,108,101,562,523
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Working memory (WM) is the ability to maintain and manipulate information over a short period of time, consisting of encoding, retention, and retrieval processes \cite{small2001circuit}. In the field of neuroscience, there is great interest in the neural oscillation dynamics of WM process using e...
1,108,101,562,524
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure}[t] \centering \includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{overview8.pdf} \normalsize\href{http://3DShapeNets.cs.princeton.edu}{http://3DShapeNets.cs.princeton.edu} \vspace{-1mm} \caption{{\bf Usages of 3D ShapeNets.} Given a depth map of an object, we convert it into a volumetric repre...
1,108,101,562,525
arxiv
\section{Supplemental material} \subsection{Technicalities of data-driven approach} The data-driven approach used here was first introduced in Ref.~\cite{Lansberg:2016deg}. Especially, the partonic amplitude is parameterized following Eq.(1) of \cite{Lansberg:2016deg}. In principle, four parameters need to be determ...
1,108,101,562,526
arxiv
\section{Abstract} \noindent \textbf{Purpose}: ESPIRiT is a parallel imaging method that estimates coil sensitivity maps from the auto-calibration region (ACS). This requires choosing several parameters for the optimal map estimation. While fairly robust to these parameter choices, occasionally, poor selection can res...
1,108,101,562,527
arxiv
\section{The ionization problem}\label{sec:1} A great achievement of quantum mechanics, which goes back to its birthday, is the satisfactory explanation of {\em the stability of atoms}. In this context, the fact that the electrons do not fall into the nucleus of an atom can be derived mathematically from a variant o...
1,108,101,562,528
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Notation} \noindent A rational map from $\mathbb{P}^{n}$ to itself is determined by an $(n+1)$-tuple of polynomials in $n+1$ variables, all homogeneous of the same degree $d$. If this map is a morphism, it will be finite of degree $d^{n}$. In the rest of this paper, we will refer to such a ra...
1,108,101,562,529
arxiv
\section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}} \newcommand{\subsect}[1]{\subsection{#1}} \newcommand{\setcounter{section}{0}{\setcounter{section}{0} \renewcommand{\thesection}{\Alph{section}}} \newcommand{\appe}[1]{\setcounter{equation}{0} \setcounter{subsection}{0} ...
1,108,101,562,530
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Shock waves are generated by the discontinuous change in the thermodynamic variables of the system which travels faster than the local speed of sound. They are usually caused by the sudden compression or expansion of matter. Shocks are very common in astrophysics as they are seen in supernova, b...
1,108,101,562,531
arxiv
\section{Introduction} % Asymmetric tensor fields appear in many scientific and engineering applications. In fluid dynamics, the gradient of the velocity is an asymmetric tensor field that encodes fundamental behaviors such as rotation, angular deformation (also known as pure shear), and volumetric deformation. Sim...
1,108,101,562,532
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Phylogenetic trees are models of evolutionary relationships. The general approach in phylogenetics is to represent evolutionary relationships using bifurcating trees with sampled taxa (represented by so-called labeled vertices) placed at the leaves. Neighbor-joining (NJ) is a popular method for c...
1,108,101,562,533
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Determination of the relationship between the acoustic field scattered by the seafloor and environmental parameters is crucial to understanding and predicting acoustic interaction with the ocean environment. An important step in this process is to perform measurements of seafloor scattering in c...
1,108,101,562,534
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Young, forming giant planets are surrounded by their circumplanetary disks (CPDs), where their regular satellites will form eventually. Regardless whether the planet formed via core accretion or disk instability scenario, the circumplanetary disk forms in the last phase of the planet formation \...
1,108,101,562,535
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent The groups $F$, $T$, and $V$ introduced by R. Thompson in the 1960s have a particular place in the history of group theory. First, $T$ and $V$ are the first examples of infinite finitely presented simple groups, and $F$ is the first example of a torsion-free group of type $F_\inft...
1,108,101,562,536
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In gravitational theories it is expected that very high energy scattering at small impact parameter is dominated by the formation and evaporation of black holes. Our basic understanding of how this might happen in a semiclassical approximation has led to Hawking's paradox, the statement that bl...
1,108,101,562,537
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} This paper focuses on small organ ({\em e.g.}, the {\em pancreas}) segmentation from abdominal CT scans, which is an important prerequisite for enabling computers to assist human doctors for clinical purposes. This problem falls into the research area named {\em medical imag...
1,108,101,562,538
arxiv
\section{Simulated annealing} The original formulation of simulated annealing was inspired by the analogy between the stochastic evolution of the thermodynamic state of an annealing material towards the configurations of minimal energy and the search for the global minimum of an optimization criterion \cite{Kirkpatri...
1,108,101,562,539
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The smallest neutral molecules such as alkali dimers for instance have often served as benchmark systems in theoretical or experimental studies of femtosecond molecular dynamics due to their simple electronic structure which can be easily probed with common femtosecond laser sy...
1,108,101,562,540
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}} \else \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \fi \IEEEPARstart{T}{his} demo file is intended to serve as a ``starter file'' for IEEE Computer Society journal papers produced under \LaTeX\ using IEEEtran.cls version 1.8b and later. I wish you the b...
1,108,101,562,541
arxiv
\chapter{Tools from general category theory} We include here some notions and tools from general category theory which we shall make use of in the main body of the text. \section{Ends and coends} Let \( \catGamma \) and~\( \catC \) be categories and~\( \mH \colon \catGamma[op] \times \catGamma \to \catC \) a bifunct...
1,108,101,562,542
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec-intro} Magnetic reconnection --- a process of rapid rearrangement of magnetic field lines corresponding to a change of magnetic field topology --- is widely recognized as one of the most important fundamental plasma physical processes \citep{Biskamp-2000, Zweibel_Yamada-2009, Yamada_e...
1,108,101,562,543
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The current availability of cloud-based quantum computers has led to great excitement over the possibility of obtaining quantum advantage for chemistry, materials science, and other applications in the near future. However, these Noisy, Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices are limited by ...
1,108,101,562,544
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The CP violation through a Dirac phase in the CKM matrix of weak interactions has been well tested in the flavored systems of hadrons. It is generally believed however that this cannot be the unique or even the dominant source of CP violation because of the observed large baryo...
1,108,101,562,545
arxiv
\section*{Appendix \thesection\protect\indent #1} \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Appendix \thesection\ \ \ #1} } \newcommand{\tr}[1]{\,{\rm tr}\,#1\,} \newcommand{\frac{\tau} 2 }{\frac{\tau} 2 } \newcommand{${\cal T}$ }{${\cal T}$ } \newcommand{{\bf d}}{{\bf d}} \def\varepsilon{\varepsilon} \def\int\hspace{-1.07em}\not...
1,108,101,562,546
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant and frequently occurring type of primary brain tumor in adult. Despite the development of various aggressive treatments, patients with GBM inevitably suffers tumor recurrence with an extremely poor prognosis \cite{au2}. The dilemma in the clinical managem...
1,108,101,562,547
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} \noindent Although not present in the Periodic Table the homogeneous electron gas (HEG) is still an important and so far unsolved model system for electronic structure theory, cf. e.g. \cite{Tos}. In its spin-unpolarized version, the HEG ground state is characterized by...
1,108,101,562,548
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Consider $n$ independent and identically random variables $X_1,\dots,X_n$ defined on an abstract probability space ($\Omega, \mathcal{E},\P)$ with values in the measured space $(\mathbb{X},\mathcal{F},\mu)$. We suppose that the distribution of $X_i$ admits a density~$s$ with respect to~$\mu$ a...
1,108,101,562,549
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For a complex algebraic variety $X$ there exists a mixed Hodge structure $(W_{\bullet}, F^{\bullet})$ on the homology group $H_{*}(X;\mathbb Q)$(\cite{De1, De2}). In \cite{Mo} J. W. Morgan first put mixed Hodge structures on the rational homotopy groups in the smooth case. Then, Morgan's results...
1,108,101,562,550
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The problem of comparing two independent data samples and looking for deviations is ubiquitous in statistical analyses. It is of particular interest in physics, when addressing the problem of searching for new phenomena in data, to compare observations with expectations to fin...
1,108,101,562,551
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Model predictive control (MPC) is used in many applications to control complex dynamical systems. Examples of such systems include production lines, car engines, robots, other numerically controlled machining, and power generators. The MPC is based on optimization of the operation of the syst...
1,108,101,562,552
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum automorphism groups were introduced by Wang \cite{Wangqsymmetry} in his study of noncommutative symmetries of finite dimensional $ C^* $-algebras. These quantum groups are quite different from $ q $-deformations of compact Lie groups, and interestingly, they appear naturally in a v...
1,108,101,562,553
arxiv
\section{Offline Analysis and Learning}\label{sec:offline} This section discusses the process of building a generic permission model using program analysis and machine learning. \subsection{Foreground Data Extraction}\label{sec:collection} {\tt COSMOS} models the context of a sensitive request using the foreground dat...
1,108,101,562,554
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the past years, many questions concerning the behavior of disordered systems have been put in a new perspective by addressing them from the point of view of the more general jamming scenario \cite{liu1998}. Especially for granular systems it has turned out to be very fruitful to study the...
1,108,101,562,555
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the first part of the paper, we squeeze some more results out of Brian Day's PhD thesis \cite{DayPhD}. The question with which the thesis began was how to extend monoidal structures along dense functors, all at the level of enriched categories. Brian separated the general problem into two sp...
1,108,101,562,556
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Matrix models originating from ten-dimensional string theory have been shown in some limit to contain geometry and gravity in less than ten dimensions.\cite{Steinacker:2010rh},\cite{Blaschke:2010ye} Most of the matrix models that have been studied, such as the IKKT model,\cite{Ishibashi:1996xs...
1,108,101,562,557
arxiv
\section{\label{}} Quantum data compression is one of the most fundamental tasks in quantum information theory\cite{Nielsen2000,Wilde2011}. Schumacher first provided a tight bound (equal to the von Neumann entropy of the source) to which quantum information may be compressed\cite{Schmacher1995}. From then on, many comp...
1,108,101,562,558
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper studies a fundamental question arising from the theory of card shuffling, where the evolution of card positions is typically modeled by a Markov chain on the space of permutations on the set of cards. In this paper, we investigate a continuous-time Markov chain in which the cards at p...
1,108,101,562,559
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The pulsar magnetospheres consist mainly of electron-positron plasma. This plasma can affect the radiation produced in the inner region of the magnetosphere or at the stellar surface and, owing to this, the pulsar emission can provide information regarding the physical conditions in the mag...
1,108,101,562,560
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In astronomy, the collection of data is often limited by the presence of background noise. Various methods are used to filter the noise while retaining as much ``useful'' information as possible. In recent years, wavelets have played an increasing role in astrophysical data analysis. It provi...
1,108,101,562,561
arxiv
\section{Curves of arithmetic genus $1$ with $n$ marked points and $A_\infty$-structures} \subsection{Extension of some results from \cite{LPol}}\label{results-sec} Below we always assume that $n\ge 2$. Recall that in the previous work \cite{LPol} we studied the moduli stacks $\mathcal{U}_{1,n}^{sns}$ of curves $C...
1,108,101,562,562
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Titchmarsh--Weyl function is an indispensable tool in direct and inverse spectral theory of ordinary differential operators and more general systems of ordinary differential equations; see the classical monographs~\cite{CL55,T62} and~\cite{B01,DK99,GS96,GS00-1,GP87,HS81,KST12,LW11,S96,S99} f...
1,108,101,562,563
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The foundations of theory of domination can be traced back to the chess problem of finding the minimum number of queens required such that all the squares are either occupied or can be attacked by a queen\cite{CF}.The applications of theory of domination includes communication network problems, ...
1,108,101,562,564
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$ is called a Ricci soliton if there exist a vector field $X\in\mathfrak{X}(M)$ and a constant $c\in\mathbb{R}$ such that the Ricci tensor satisfies the equation \begin{align}\label{solitonequation} \mathrm{Ric}_g+\frac{1}{2}L_Xg=c\cdot g. \end{align} Ricci solitons ...
1,108,101,562,565
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \blfootnote{\noindent This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under MURI Grant N00014-19-1-2621.} The Internet of Things (IoT) is arguably the most important technology of the coming decade \cite{saad2019vision}. However, the effective operation of seve...
1,108,101,562,566
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Local quantum field theory is a powerful framework to build models of physical reality. In particular, the Standard Model is known for its extremely precise predictions. Its modifications, known as ``Beyond Standard Model Physics", are also local quantum field theories. For the models of quantum ...
1,108,101,562,567
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) model of neuronal excitability \cite{HH52} provides a milestone for biophysical understanding of information processing in living systems \cite{Koch} in terms of electrical spikes mediated by ionic currents through voltage-dependent membrane pores made by ion channel pr...
1,108,101,562,568
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Statistical mixture models} A statistical mixture model~\cite{FiniteMixtureModels:2000} $M\sim m$ with $k\in\mathbb{N}$ weighted components has underlying probability distribution: \begin{equation} m(x|w,\theta) = \sum_{i=1}^k w_i p(x|\theta_i), \end{equation} with $w=(w_1, ..., ...
1,108,101,562,569
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The COVID-19 pandemic surprised the world, generating an enormous health crisis with profound social and economic implications. Reopening the economy becomes a latent issue as many countries are vaccinating considerable portions of their populations~\cite{owidcoronavirus}. The transition period...
1,108,101,562,570
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Explaining the origin of neutrino masses is a key open problem in particle physics. The significant difference in magnitudes between the masses of the charged and neutral leptons suggests that the dynamics responsible for the observed light neutrino masses, generically denoted h...
1,108,101,562,571
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The anomaly mediation \cite{Randall:1998uk} is the most economical mechanism to generate supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking terms in the supersymmetric standard model (SUSY SM). In the breaking mechanism, only dynamical SUSY-breaking sector is required, and no other extra fields are needed. On the as...
1,108,101,562,572
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The newest generations of Intel processors, Xeon Scalable (Skylake) and Xeon Phi (Knights Landing), extend the current standard of AVX2 vector instructions with the 512-bit wide AVX-512 instruction sets \cite{AVX512}. The width of registers is similarly increased and, in addition, the number of ...
1,108,101,562,573
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The advances in multimedia technologies have revolutionized the way we capture, process, transmit and store digital media such as images and videos. Using smart multi-media devices, ranging from digital cameras to smartphones, people capture and share billions of images and videos each day. Th...
1,108,101,562,574
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The QCD axion is probably the best solution for the strong CP problem of the Standard Model (SM). This puzzle stems from the non observation of an EDM for the neutron. In the SM, the current experimental bound requires a delicate cancellation of about one part in $10^{10}$~\cite{Abel:2020gbr} be...
1,108,101,562,575
arxiv
\section{Principle of Operation} \label{sec:workingPrinc} \begin{figure*}[ht!] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.99\textwidth]{PhaseCam_principle_ver6} \caption{A schematic layout of the new camera. The quarter-wave plate, Pockels cell and polarizing beamsplitter form an optical switch that intensity modulates th...
1,108,101,562,576
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Intro} Most types of binary stars observed today in a long-term interacting phase of their evolution --- such as cataclysmic variables, X-ray binaries and contact binaries --- and other types that are no longer actively transferring mass, are survivors of a dynamical phase of evolution in ...
1,108,101,562,577
arxiv
\part{Elements of functional analysis} \section{Norms and seminorms} \label{norms, seminorms} \setcounter{equation}{0} Let $V$ be a vector space over the real numbers ${\bf R}$ or complex numbers ${\bf C}$. A nonnegative real-valued function $N(v)$ on $V$ is said to be a \emph{seminorm} on $V$ if \begin{e...
1,108,101,562,578
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace{-0.1cm} \label{sec:introduction} 3D human pose estimation from still RGB images is a challenging task due to changes in lighting conditions, cluttered background, occlusions, inter and intra subject pose variability, as well as ill-posed depth ambiguity. Moreover, due to its nature, accu...
1,108,101,562,579
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The methods and approaches developed by the similarity searching community are used by a wide range of scientific fields, both within computer science and beyond. While some applications require provable accuracy guarantees, verifiable algorithms, or support for complex similarity functions, man...
1,108,101,562,580
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Surface acoustic waves (SAW's) \cite{Farnell78,Mayer95} provide a useful tool for experimental studies of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in GaAs/AlGaAs-heterostructures. In particular, SAW's have been used in recent years in investigations of the integer \cite{Rampton92,Wix...
1,108,101,562,581
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the expansion of human activities in the oceans towards more extreme environments, state-of-the-art maritime technologies have progressively become less suited at coping with the increased degree of complexity of their missions. As an example, the offshore oil industry is more and more invo...
1,108,101,562,582
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Protoplanetary disks form in the chaotic environment of molecular cloud cores and in their early stages they are massive enough to have a non negligible effect on the evolution of the overall system. The disk self-gravity may influence the disk dynamics through the propagation ...
1,108,101,562,583
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Highly excited many-particle states in many-body systems can be presented as ``chaotic'' superpositions of shell-model basis states - see the recent calculations for complex atoms \cite{Ce}, multicharged ions \cite{ions}, nuclei \cite{nuclei} and spin systems \cite{Nobel,spins}. Indeed, the nu...
1,108,101,562,584
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this introduction, we briefly discuss some notions which will be explained in more detail later, and we describe the structure of the paper. It is a classical problem of approximation theory to determine when continuous functions on a compact subset of the complex plane can be uniformly approx...
1,108,101,562,585
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In any theory in which the fermions have interactions mediated by heavy (scalar and/or vector) bosons, the low-energy consequences can be conveniently parametrized by four-fermion interactions. Hence, precise low-energy tests of processes involving fermions constitute a window through which one m...
1,108,101,562,586
arxiv
\section*{Supplementary Information for ``Tuning nucleation kinetics via nonequilibrium chemical reactions''} \section{A nonequilibrium three-state lattice-gas model} \subsection{Kinetic model of a nonequilibrium lattice gas} We extend the two-dimensional square lattice-gas model by incorporating two particle intern...
1,108,101,562,587
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 2010, antihydrogen atoms were trapped at CERN \cite{andr:10a,andr:11a,andr:11b,gabr:12}. Since then, CERN's ALPHA collaboration has reported initial experimental results on the two most commonly discussed symmetry tests with antihydrogen: spectral tests of CPT \cite{amol:12a}; and gravity free...
1,108,101,562,588
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Muon $g$-2 Experiment \cite{TDR}, currently in its commissioning phase at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), aims to measure the value of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon to unprecedented accuracy. This experiment and other similar experiments involving precessions d...
1,108,101,562,589
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Given training set $T= \{ (x_i,y_i): x_i \in \mathbb{R}^n, y_i \in \mathbb{R},~ i=1,2...,l~ \}$, the problem of regression is concerned with finding a function $f(x)$ which estimates the conditional mean of $y$ given $x$. But, only the estimation of the conditional mean function is not enough to...
1,108,101,562,590
arxiv
\section{Control Approach} \label{sec:strategy} Section \ref{background_bf} extends \cite{lindemann2018control} to single-agent systems with discontinuous inputs. Based on this, Section \ref{sec:controller} proposes a decentralized feedback control law for multi-agent systems. Sections \ref{background_bf} and \ref{sec...
1,108,101,562,591
arxiv
\section{Scattered Light} \label{s:BackScatter} The sensitivity required to make gravitational wave measurements can be expressed also as a sensitivity to optical \textit{phase} fluctuations. The current state of the art is approximately $10^{-11}$ radians/$\sqrt{\rm Hz}$ and is nominally limited by quantum mechanics a...
1,108,101,562,592
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The idea that the early universe underwent a period of accelerating expansion i.e. inflation, is an attractive one. Such a period of inflation would explain the observed smoothness and flatness of today's universe. But it might also explain the inhomogeneities present in the universe. During i...
1,108,101,562,593
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The work of Bekenstein \cite{Bekenstein:1973ur} and Hawking \cite{Hawking:1974sw} has spurred extensive research on the so-called `information paradox'. The premise of the paradox is that in a collapse of matter forming a black hole, the intermediate state post-collapse is a black hole that can b...
1,108,101,562,594
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} A Hamilton decomposition of a graph or digraph $G$ is a set of edge-disjoint Hamilton cycles which together cover all the edges of~$G$. The topic has a long history but some of the main questions remain open. In 1892, Walecki showed that the edge set of the complete graph $K_n$ on $...
1,108,101,562,595
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $G$ be a non-trivial group. An equation in $t$ over $G$ is an expression of the form $$ s(t)=g_{1}t^{\epsilon_{1}}g_{2}t^{\epsilon_{2}} \cdots g_{n}t^{\epsilon_{n}}=1 \ (g_{i} \in G,\ \epsilon_i=\pm 1) $$ such that $\epsilon_{i}+\epsilon_{i+1}=0$ implies $g_{i+1} \neq 1$ in $G$. We say, tha...
1,108,101,562,596
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The motivation for studying obstacle problems has roots in many applications. There are examples in physics and in mechanics, and many prime examples can be found in \cite{Chipot,Fried,KO,KS,Rod}. The classical obstacle problem consists in finding the minimizer of Dirichlet energy in a domain $\O...
1,108,101,562,597
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Graphene, which is a single layer of sp$^2$ bonded carbon atoms, shows promise for use in a variety of technological applications. For instance, it has an optical transmittance of over 97\% throughout the visible range and is a semi-metal, which makes it an ideal material for use as a transparent...
1,108,101,562,598
arxiv
\section{Geometric and topological models} A natural geometric context for studying the global structure of ${\rm{GL}}(n,{\Z})$\ is provided by the symmetric space $X$ of positive-definite, real symmetric matrices of determinant 1 (see \cite{Sou04} for a nice introduction to this subject). This is a non-positive...
1,108,101,562,599
arxiv
\section{Introduction} At passage of ultrarelativistic charged particles through amorphous matter, they undergo multiple, essentially uncorrelated scattering on atoms, typically through small angles. If the target is not too thick, the longitudinal momentum of a high-energy particle may be regarded as conserved....
1,108,101,562,600
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Quantum cryptography, where the security is based on the laws of quantum physics, is a remarkable application of quantum mechanics in the field of information theory. In 1984, Bennett and Brassard first used quantum resources to complete a cryptographic task, and they generated a ...
1,108,101,562,601
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Magnetic reconnection\cite{PF00, *birn:2007:book, *zweibel:2009, *yamada:2010} frequently occurs at and around magnetic null points: locations where the magnetic field strength equals zero.\cite{cowley:1973, fukao:1975, greene:1988, lau:1990, parnell:1996} Magnetospheric null points have been i...
1,108,101,562,602
arxiv
\section{String homology in degree zero}\label{sec:string} In this section, we introduce the degree $0$ string homology $H_0^{\rm string}(K)$. The discussion of string homology here is only a first approximation to the more precise approach in Section~\ref{sec:string-ref}, but is much less technical and suffices ...
1,108,101,562,603
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cellular automata (CA) are models of parallel computation, so when implementing them on a sequential architecture, one cannot simply update the cells one by one -- some cells would see already updated states and the resulting configuration would be incorrect. The simplest-to-implement solution i...
1,108,101,562,604
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Diophantine approximation deals with the approximation of real numbers by rationals. A classic example is the set $J(\alpha)$ of all $\alpha$-well approximable numbers, \[ J(\alpha) = \{\, x \in \mathbb{R} : |x - p/q| < q^{-\alpha} \text{ for infinitely many } (p,q) \in \mathbb{Z} \times \...
1,108,101,562,605
arxiv
\chapter*{List of Publications} \centerline{ \bf Published and submitted articles} \vspace{0.5cm} \begin{description} \item P.~Bandyopadhyay, C.~Corian\`o, A.~Costantini and L.~Delle Rose\\ \textit{Bounds on the Conformal Scale of a Minimally Coupled Dilaton and Multi-Leptonic Signatures at the LHC}\\ arXiv:1607...
1,108,101,562,606
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper is organised as follows. In the next section we describe virtual links and give reasons for studying them. In section 3 the conditions are given for a 2$\times$2 matrix, $S$, to be a {\it linear switch} or {\it switch} for short, see \cite{FJK}. The entries in the switch lie in some ...
1,108,101,562,607
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The collective quadrupole degrees in nuclei yield rotational and vibrational excitations. They are described by the Bohr-Mottelson Hamiltonian \cite{BM}. The wavefunctions for rotations and $\beta$ and $\gamma$ vibrations in strongly deformed axially symmetric nuclei have been greatly improved ...
1,108,101,562,608
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since \cite{Babcock1960} measurements of the surface magnetic field $B_s$ (average over the stellar visible disk of the magnetic modulus) of the star HD\,215441, massive measurements of $B_s$ for Magnetic Chemically Peculiar (MCP) stars have been reported b...
1,108,101,562,609
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Outflows driven by star formation are thought to be a crucial driver of galaxy evolution. Strong stellar feedback caused by high star formation rate densities can launch outflows of ionized, neutral and molecular gas that potentially can escape the main body of a galaxy. Consequently, such outfl...
1,108,101,562,610
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nowadays, it is important to sensing and understanding what users prefer and need in recommender systems, which have been fundamental components of various applications. People always say ``Seeing is believing." \emph{Visual} information plays an important role in understanding user behaviors, e...
1,108,101,562,611
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} It is well accepted that, at the global scale, the Gutenberg-Richter (GR) law describing the distribution of earthquake magnitude or seismic moment has to be modified at the tail to properly account for the most extreme events. It is debated, though, how much additional time of earthquake recordin...
1,108,101,562,612
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Multisymmetric polynomials are the generalization of symmetric polynomials in $n$ variables $x_1 ,\ldots , x_n$ to $m \geq 2$ sets of $n$ variables. They have been classically studied in characteristic 0 (see Schl\"afli~\cite{schlaefli1852}, Junker~\cite{junker1893}, Weyl~\cite{weyl1939classical...
1,108,101,562,613
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec.intro} Ad impressions sold through real-time bidding (RTB) auctions are responsible for an ever-increasing portion of company expenditures as well as the revenue of large ad providers like Google, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft, and Yahoo!. In particular, Google is responsible for upwards...
1,108,101,562,614
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sect:intro} 3D-spectrographs (3DS), or Integral Field Units (IFU) exist at many observatories, providing spectra for a large number of spatial elements (``spaxel'') within a 2-dimensional field-of-view, rather than only along a traditional 1-dimensional spectrograph slit. Depending on th...