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1,108,101,566,715
arxiv
\section{Overview of notation} \label{sec:notation_overview} The following notation is used in the paper. \begin{itemize} \item $G(n)$ = the number of graphic sequences of length $n$. \item $\lw=(\lw_k)_{k\geq 0}$=lazy random walk, that is, a random process with independent and identically distributed increment...
1,108,101,566,716
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is now widely accepted that black holes reside in the centre of nearly all galaxies \citep[e.g.][]{1996gfa..book.....B,1998Natur.395A..14R, 1998AJ....115.2285M}. Accretion onto these black holes is believed to be the mechanism responsible for powering Active Galactic Nuclei \citep[AG...
1,108,101,566,717
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Currently, neural networks and deep learning have completely changed the traditional way of signal processing, image processing, image recognition, etc. Many of these successful cases have been applied to the medical field \cite{krishnan2016genome,gulshan2016development,jin2017deep,chen2017low,wa...
1,108,101,566,718
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Nash equilibrium \cite{nash1950} and correlated equilibrium \cite{aumann1974} are important solution concepts that have been extensively studied in both traditional and computational game-theoretic contexts. Coarse correlated equilibrium \cite{moulin1978} is a closely related co...
1,108,101,566,719
arxiv
\section{} \section{Introduction} The O~{\sc i} triplet lines at 7771--5~$\rm\AA$ (3s~$^{5}$S$^{\rm o}$--3p~$^{5}$P, multiplet 1) are known to play important roles in stellar spectroscopy, since they are sufficiently strong to be visible in stars of wide temperature range (spectral types from K to B) and ...
1,108,101,566,720
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Dark matter is an enduring mystery. Despite ironclad evidence for the gravitational effects of dark matter in astrophysical and cosmological observations, the particle characteristics of dark matter are still obscure. In fact, dark matter may be part of an intricate dark sector,...
1,108,101,566,721
arxiv
\section{Proof of Proposition~\ref{prop41}}\label{proofpropR_n}\label{ap:A} \input{proof_prop_Rn} \section{Introduction} The many-dimensional Generalized Excited Random Walk ({\rm GERW}) was introduced by Menshikov et al. in~\cite{menshikov2012general} following a series of works on many-dimensional excited random wa...
1,108,101,566,722
arxiv
\section{Conclusion \& Limitations} We present a globally optimal formulation to jointly search for both the topology and geometry of a planar linkage structure. Our formulation relaxes the problem into a MICP, for which optimal solutions can be found efficiently using BB algorithms. Our results show that our formulati...
1,108,101,566,723
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} Indirect searches for Dark Matter, i.e. searches for `anomalous' features in cosmic rays (e.g. gamma-rays, neutrinos, positrons and anti-protons), have been proposed in the late 70's as a powerful way to reveal the existence of Dark Matter annihilations in the Milky Way hal...
1,108,101,566,724
arxiv
\section{Acknowledgment} We would like to thank Andrew Childs, Omid Etesami, Salman Beigi, and Mohammad Ali Abam for their comments on an earlier version of the paper. \section{Bootstrapping}\label{bootstraping} Recall that in Section \ref{bbc}, we described our bootstrap algorithm that uses itself as the oracle of th...
1,108,101,566,725
arxiv
\subsection{Outer Loop for Solution Search} To make this article self-sustained, we briefly explain the search strategies in the outer loop and summarize it in Algorithm~\ref{alg:outer_pf_search}. Interested readers can refer to \cite{lesieutre2015:efficient}. \begin{algorithm}[tbhp] \caption{Outer Loop for Locating...
1,108,101,566,726
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{sec::Introduction}} With a simple, purely geometrical definition and complex behavior that includes a phase transition, percolation has become an important theoretical model in statistical physics. It has also applications in various areas of science, like conductivity in strongly heterogen...
1,108,101,566,727
arxiv
\section{Introduction.} \label{section:introduction} Let $\xi$ be the {\it standard} contact structure in oriented 3-space $\hbox{\sl I\kern-.18em R \kern-.3em}^3 = (\rho, \theta, z)$, that is the kernel of $\alpha = \rho^2 d\theta + dz$. An oriented knot $K$ in contact $\hbox{\sl I\kern-.18em R \kern-.3em}^3$ is sai...
1,108,101,566,728
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Can cats or dogs do barter? Trade is one of the essential feature of human intelligence. \cite{10.1371/journal.pone.0001518} reported that chimpanzees who are an intelligent species like human have the ability to trade, but are reluctant to trade. This subsequently led to a major divergence in t...
1,108,101,566,729
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The process of stellar mass accretion is an important aspect of star formation that is still to be fully understood. Not only is accretion responsible for building up the young star to its final mass, but it is also responsible for powering the mass outflows observed from such systems, whi...
1,108,101,566,730
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Reconciling low with high gravitational energy scales remains a subtle issue that is so far not fully-explored by merely looking at current astrophysical data \cite{referenza1}. Thereby, probing general relativity at both short and large distances with arbitrary accuracy is seemly for guaranteei...
1,108,101,566,731
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets during the last two decades has enabled us to investigate the physical properties of these objects, and to compare them to the known planets of our own solar system. The discoveries of brown dwarfs, on the other hand, have opened our view for...
1,108,101,566,732
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The physical properties of GCSs in galaxies have long been considered to be ``fossil records'' that contain vital information on galaxy formation and evolution (e.g., Searle \& Zinn 1978; Harris 1991; Ashman \& Zepf 1998; West et al. 2004). For example, the observed bimodal colour distributions,...
1,108,101,566,733
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Ads has been contributing to more than $90\%$ of revenue for companies as Google, Facebook, \textit{etc.}, therefore improving the performance deserves lots of time and efforts, not only for advertiser themselves, but also for various platform providers as Google. While advertisers have been...
1,108,101,566,734
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Time averaging is a basic yet essential tool in fluid dynamics because of the ubiquity of phenomena involving multiple time scales. Atmospheric and oceanic flows, for instance, can often be decomposed usefully into fast and slow components \citep[e.g.][]{vallis2017atmospheric,v...
1,108,101,566,735
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Assessing the quality and/or impact of research of a given institution (university or research center) and assessing the corresponding improvement over time is one of the most difficult tasks in modern quality assurance systems. On the other hand, the growing development of university rankings ...
1,108,101,566,736
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} We consider the following inverse problem: Assume that $\grtr \in \mathds{R}^n$ denotes a signal of interest in one spatial dimension. It is assumed to be \emph{$s$-gradient-sparse}, i.e., $\cardinality{\supp( \nabla\grtr)} \leq s$, where $\nabla \in \mathds{R}^{n-1 \...
1,108,101,566,737
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} We apply a new computational method to light-front~\cite{LFreview1,LFreview2,LFreview3,LFreview4} $\phi^4$ theory in two dimensions, in both the symmetric and broken phases~\cite{RozowskyThorn,Kim,Varyetal1,Varyetal2,Varyetal3,Varyetal4}. The method is based on an expansion o...
1,108,101,566,738
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{se:1} The theoretical study of exciton dynamics in conjugated polymer systems is both a fascinating and complicated subject. One reason for this is that characterizing excitonic states themselves is a challenging task: conjugated polymers exhibit strong electron-electron interactions ...
1,108,101,566,739
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Modeling patient prognosis is a challenging but important topic in clinical research, where researchers analyze and predict clinical outcomes including response to certain therapy (\textit{e.g.}, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, immunotherapy for oncology), patient progression-free survival ...
1,108,101,566,740
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As it is known, the mathematical approach to vehicular traffic modeling is developed on three representation scales: microscopic, macroscopic, and kinetic. However, the critical analysis proposed in \cite{[BDS11]} states that none of those scale approaches is totally satisfactory. Precisely, e...
1,108,101,566,741
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The existence of a fundamental scalar has been essential to understand an important phenomenon in the nature. The Higgs boson, responsible for the electroweak symmetry breaking, is the only example confirmed by experiment so far. However, it is well believed that a scalar field (inflaton) drives ...
1,108,101,566,742
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} {\em Possibilistic logic} \cite{DuLaPr,DuPr2} is a well-known uncertainty logic to reason with graded (epistemic) beliefs on classical propositions by means of necessity and possiblity measures. In this setting, epistemic states of an agent are represented by possibility distributio...
1,108,101,566,743
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Model predictive control (MPC) is a powerful control technique in dynamic systems, power inverters, and dynamic reference trajectories, as shown in \cite{berberich2022linear}. It can predict future system behavior from the current system state by solving an optimal control problem at each samplin...
1,108,101,566,744
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The resolution of scanned interferometric spectroscopy is usually limited by the maximum optical path difference (MOPD) of the interferometer. As part of our development of mass-correlated rotational alignment spectroscopy (CRASY),\cite{Schroter2011} we constructed an interferometer with an effe...
1,108,101,566,745
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \newcommand{\figref}[1]{Figure~\ref{fig:#1}}\ \newcommand{\secref}[1]{Section~\ref{sec:#1}}\ \newcommand{\tblref}[1]{Table~\ref{tbl:#1}}\ The modern picture of galaxy assembly is effective at explaining a wide range of galaxy classes. Star formation is fueled by cool gas, and ...
1,108,101,566,746
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The spin-boson model is an important toy model for investigating the influence of dissipation on quantum tunneling and has a wide range of applications.\cite{leg,weiss} Over decades the model has been studied by various methods,\cite{leg} like path integral,\cite{fey} renormalization group calcu...
1,108,101,566,747
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Computational high-throughput screening ever-increasingly allows the coverage of larger subsets of chemical space. Extracting a property of interest across many compounds helps infer structure-property relationships, of interest both for a better understanding of the physics and chemistry at ha...
1,108,101,566,748
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $e_\lambda$ denote the $L^2$-normalized eigenfunction on a compact, boundary-less Riemannian surface $(M,g)$, i.e., $$-\Delta_g e_\lambda=\lambda^2 e_\lambda, \quad \text{and } \, \, \int_M |e_\lambda|^2 \, dV_g=1.$$ Here $\Delta_g$ is the Laplace-Beltrami operator on $(M,g)$ and $dV_g$ is...
1,108,101,566,749
arxiv
\section*{Some examples} We consider two gauge mediation models for a demonstration. In the following, mass spectrums are calculated by ISAJET 7.72~ \cite{ISAJET} and we use programs Herwig 6.5~\cite{HERWIG6510} and AcerDET-1.0~\cite{RichterWas:2002ch} to simulate LHC signatures. The first example is a strongly int...
1,108,101,566,750
arxiv
\section{Introduction} {It is important to check whether the covariates of interest contribute to the response, given the other covariates. In linear regression models, this is formulated as testing whether the parametric vector of interest is equal to zero. This paper studies inference of ultrahigh-dimensional para...
1,108,101,566,751
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Reinforcement Learning (RL) follows the principle of behaviourist psychology and learns in a similar way as a child learns to perform a new task. RL has been repeatedly successful in the past~\cite{singh2002optimizing,tesauro1995temporal}, however, the successes were mostly limited to low-dimen...
1,108,101,566,752
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As a class, normal elliptical galaxies are not actively forming stars. Their star formation rate (SFR) must be significantly less than $1$~M$_\odot$~yr$^{-1}$, or such activity would have been identified long ago in the form of prominent H$\beta$ lines or an excess of blue light. However, low...
1,108,101,566,753
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Strong gravitational lenses are rare cases where a distant galaxy or quasar is aligned so closely with a foreground galaxy or cluster of galaxies that the gravitational field of the foreground object creates multiple, highly distorted images of the background object. T...
1,108,101,566,754
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:introduction}Introduction} Electron cooling has become one of the most effective methods for increasing the phase space density of stored ion beams through their interaction with an electron beam copropagating at the same average velocity~\cite{Budker1967}. The first electron cooling experiment was...
1,108,101,566,755
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the basic problems of representation theory is the study of irreducible spherical unitary representations and their spherical functions. It is well known that spherical functions on classical symmetric spaces of compact type are expressed through multivariate orthogonal polynomials --- th...
1,108,101,566,756
arxiv
\section{Conclusions}\vspace{-1mm} We prove the first sublinear regret bounds for GP optimization with commonly used kernels (see \figref{regrettable}), both for $f$ sampled from a known GP and $f$ of low RKHS norm. We analyze \ucb, an intuitive, Bayesian upper confidence bound based sampling rule. Our regret bounds ...
1,108,101,566,757
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The motion picture industry is a multi-billion dollar market. Therefore many attempts have been made at predicting how much money films will bring in during their respective opening weekends in theaters \cite{Huberman:twitter, mestyan:wikipedia, sharda:predicting}. There is also a body of resear...
1,108,101,566,758
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well known that for finite matrices image partition regularity behaves well with respect to central subsets of the underlying semigroup (Central sets were introduced by Furstenberg \cite{refF} and enjoy very strong combinatorial properties \cite[Proposition 8.21]{refF}). But the situation ...
1,108,101,566,759
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we investigate some properties of the associative algebras which were shown in \cite{1,2,3} to underly the rational Calogero model \cite{4} and were denoted as $SH_N (\nu )\ $ in \cite{5}. Algebra $SH_N (\nu )$ is the associative algebra of polynomials constructed from arbitrary el...
1,108,101,566,760
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Intro} Conversion of kinetic collision energy into high multiplicity of newly made hadronic particles is one of the most notable features of reactions observed at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL)~\cite{Back:2004je}. In this process, ...
1,108,101,566,761
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A Bayesian network (BN) is a probabilistic graphical model consisting of a labeled directed acyclic graph (DAG) $\mathcal{G} = (V, E)$, in which the vertex set $V = \{V_1, \dots, V_m\}$ corresponds to $m$ random variables, and the edge set $E$ prescribes a decomposition of the joint probability ...
1,108,101,566,762
arxiv
\subsection{#1}} \newcommand{\Ssection}[1]{\subsection{#1}} \newcommand{\sssection}[1]{\subsubsection{#1}} \newcommand{\SSsection}[1]{\subsubsection{#1}} \newcommand{\ssssection}[1]{\paragraph{#1}} \newcommand{\SSSsection}[1]{\paragraph{#1}} \newcommand{\sssssection}[1]{\subparagraph{#1}} \newcommand{\SSSSsection}[1]{\...
1,108,101,566,763
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well known that exactly solvable systems play very important role in quantum theory. Unfortunately number of such systems is quite limited. This considerably narrows their applications. Such a situation stimulates interest to quasi-exactly solvable systems \cite{qes, shifman, ushv1, ushv2,...
1,108,101,566,764
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The concept of {\em heaps of pieces} was introduced by G. Viennot in 1986 \cite{Viennot86} (see also \cite{Krattenthaler} for a review). Informally, a heap of pieces is a collection of elements which are piled together. If two elements intersect in their horizontal projections, then the resultin...
1,108,101,566,765
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \def*}\footnotetext{These authors contributed equally to this work.{*}\footnotetext{These authors contributed equally to this work.} Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) \citep{busoniu2008comprehensive} has recently led to promising results in many real-world applications, such ...
1,108,101,566,766
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Legal reasoning problems can be addressed from different perspectives. From a lawyer's perspective, a trial may be best modeled as a strategic game. In a criminal trial, for example, the prosecutor may try to convince the judge or jury of the defendant's guilt while the defense attorney tries th...
1,108,101,566,767
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A \textit{singular modulus} is the $j$-invariant of an elliptic curve with complex multiplication. Given a singular modulus~$x$ we denote by $\Delta_x$ the discriminant of the associated imaginary quadratic order. We denote by $h(\Delta)$ the class number of the imaginary quadratic order of ...
1,108,101,566,768
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Plasmonic nanofluids, which contain a suspension of plasmonic nanoparticles in a base fluid, have been proposed as effective working fluids to directly convert solar radiation to thermal energy \cite{lee2012radiative}. Owing to the resonance characteristics of the localized surface plasmon (LSP),...
1,108,101,566,769
arxiv
\subsection{Optimising Target Objects}\label{subsec:SpontTarget} \begin{figure*}[!t] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{Scatter_Plot1.pdf} \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{Scatter_Plot2.pdf} \\ \caption{In the {\em left} panel. Signal strength as given by $\Sigma/\Delta v \propto T_{RJ}$. We...
1,108,101,566,770
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} For the last ten years, three international collaborations have been collecting precise timing observations of the most stable millisecond pulsars, with the aim of identifying the imprint of gravitational waves (GWs) in the nanohertz frequency band \citep{h13,kc13,ml13}. The be...
1,108,101,566,771
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In QCD, charge symmetry (CS) is a symmetry of the Lagrangian under the exchange of the up and down quarks~\cite{MNS}. This symmetry has many consequences at the hadronic level, where it translates into, {\textrm{e.g.}}, the invariance of the strong nuclear force under the exchange of protons and...
1,108,101,566,772
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Twisted bilayer graphene (tBG) with a “magic angle” ($\backsim 1.1^{\circ}$) has gained extensive attention since the discovery of gate-tunable unconventional superconductivity and strongly correlated insulating phases, which are due to the presence of ultraflat bands near the Fermi level\cite{...
1,108,101,566,773
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Random walks, and the associated continuous-time Brownian motion (BM), are ubiquitous in nature. As such, they are not only the cornerstones of statistical physics \cite{chandrasekhar, feller, hughes} but have also found many applications in a variety of areas such as biology \cite{koshland}, c...
1,108,101,566,774
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Let $S=k[x_1,\ldots, x_n]$ be the polynomial ring in $n$ variables over a field $k$. We order lexicographically the monomials of $S$ such that $x_1>x_2>\ldots> x_n$. Let $d\geq 2$ be an integer and $\mathcal{M}_d$ the set of monomials of degree $d$. For two monomials $u,v\in\mathcal{M}_d$, with...
1,108,101,566,775
arxiv
\section*{Methods} \subsection*{Numerical method} System parameters are chosen to correspond to a fluid bath of density 0.95 g/cm$^3$, viscosity 16 cS and surface tension 20.9 dynes/cm vibrating vertically with amplitude $A_0$ and frequency $\omega_0 = 80$Hz. The resonant bouncing of the particle at the Faraday frequen...
1,108,101,566,776
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro} Consider motion planning for robots such as UAVs \cite{liu2017planning}, autonomous ships \cite{chiang2018colreg}, and spacecrafts \cite{richards2002spacecraft}. The planning solution needs to satisfy two criteria. First, the solution path must be feasible, meaning that the pa...
1,108,101,566,777
arxiv
\section{Partially Ordered Sets} \subsection{Preliminaries} Suppose that $(S, \preceq)$ is a discrete partially ordered set. Recall that $C \subseteq S$ is a {\em chain} if $C$ is totally ordered under $\preceq$. We make the following assumptions: \begin{enumerate} \item \label{a.m} There is a minimum element...
1,108,101,566,778
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent Paul Dirac, in 1963, published a paper on \textit{A Remarkable Representation of the $3+2$ de-Sitter Group} \cite{pamd}. He further showed that, among the infinitesimal generators of this group, there are four cyclic ones while the rest are hyperbolic. The representation is very simple ...
1,108,101,566,779
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Smart devices have gained significant market share in the mobile handset and personal computer markets, and this trend is expected to continue in the near future. Smartphone shipments were $43.7\%$ of all handset shipments in 2012, and smartphones' share in the handset marke...
1,108,101,566,780
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} It is generally believed that a neutron star (NS) is born as a result of the gravitational collapse of the iron core of a massive evolved progenitor star ($M\sim 8\,-\,25\,M_{\sun}$) in a Type-II supernova \cite[e.g.][]{Bet90}. The iron core of such a star collapses when its mass re...
1,108,101,566,781
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Traditionally, the Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi (DGLAP) evolution equations \cite{DGLAP1,DGLAP2,DGLAP3,DGLAP4} approach is used to obtain the quark, anti-quark and gluon densities, i.e., the parton distribution functions (PDF), $a(x,\mu^2)$. These functions depend on the Bjorken ...
1,108,101,566,782
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Rohrlich's formula} The classical Jensen's formula is a well-known theorem of complex analysis which characterizes, for a meromorphic function $f$ on the unit disc, the value of the integral of $\operatorname{log}|f(z)|$ on the unit circle in terms of the zeros and poles of $f$ insi...
1,108,101,566,783
arxiv
\chapter{COLLECTIVE DYNAMICS OF LOHE TYPE AGGREGATION MODELS} \markboth{Seung-Yeal Ha and Dohyun Kim}{Collective dynamics of Lohe type aggregation models} \author{Seung-Yeal Ha} \address{Department of Mathematical Sciences and Research Institute of Mathematics\\ Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, and \\ K...
1,108,101,566,784
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Encoder-decoder based methods have been widely used for generating information preserving embeddings for different data modalities. In the past decades, several encoder-decoder based methods have been proposed for 2D images \cite{segnet, ronneberger2015unet, deeplab} and have...
1,108,101,566,785
arxiv
\section*{Some macros} \begin{verbatim} \newcommand{\mathrm{Gr}}{\mathrm{Gr}} \newcommand{\mathcal R}{\mathcal R} \newcommand{\mathcal F}{\mathcal F} \newcommand{\mathcal T}{\mathcal T} \newcommand{\mathcal K}{\mathcal K} \newcommand{\mathcal O}{\mathcal O} \newcommand{\mathscr P}{\mathscr P} \newcommand{\mathrm{St}...
1,108,101,566,786
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{introduction} Given an ideal $I$ in a Noetherian ring $R$, one can associate an algebra to $I$ known as the Rees algebra $\hbox{\ensuremath{{\mathcal R}(I)}}$ of $I$. This algebra $\hbox{\ensuremath{{\mathcal R}(I)}}=\bigoplus_{i\ge 0}I^i t^i$ is a subalgebra of $R[t]$, where $t$ is an in...
1,108,101,566,787
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Ever since it has been demonstrated that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) generalize better than the alternatives for image classification~\cite{726791,10.1145/3065386}, further improvements have relied on simple but effective architectural changes that allow training of de...
1,108,101,566,788
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Integrable models are ideal testing grounds of various methods and ideas in quantum field theories. The simplest interacting model of this type is the sinh-Gordon theory, which has a single particle type and the full finite volume energy spectrum can be calculated from the scattering phase...
1,108,101,566,789
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The O(3) nonlinear sigma model has long been the subject of intense research due to its theoretical and phenomenological basis. This theory describes classical (anti) ferromagnetic spin systems at their critical points in Euclidean space, while in the Minkowski one it delineates the long wav...
1,108,101,566,790
arxiv
\section{Acknowledgements} We thank the ARC Laser team and NIF Experimental Operations team for implementing these experiments. We gratefully acknowledge the NIF Discovery Science Program for the experimental allocation. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Liverm...
1,108,101,566,791
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec-intro} Power-law components in the X-ray spectra of accreting black holes are attributed to hot, tenuous, quasi-spherical plasmas called {\it accretion disk coronae} (hereafter ADCe) by analogy with the solar corona, though comptonization rather than atomic lines or bremsst...
1,108,101,566,792
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In the past decade, \textit{Hubble Space Telescope} (\textit{HST}) observations helped reveal the eMSTO phenomenon, now considered a ubiquitous feature of young star clusters in the Magellanic Clouds (e.g., \citealt{ADMBNP2007, ADM2008, KG2008, APM2009, PG2009}), i.e., tho...
1,108,101,566,793
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} Currently, there is a strong interest in in-memory computing concept. In particular, there are expectations that in-memory computing architectures may help to overcome the Von Neumann bottleneck problem~\cite{Backus78a} of conventional computers and thus provide us with...
1,108,101,566,794
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of phase transitions and critical phenomena has attracted much attention in recent decades \cite{71Stanley,14cjpHu,18cjpIsing,19preDimer,19cjpIsing}. The key concepts in such studies include critical point, critical exponent, universality, scaling, and finite-size scaling function ...
1,108,101,566,795
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Constellation shaping is now a well-established technique in the optical communications research community for improving the system throughput and operate close to the theoretically achievable information rate and at high spectral efficiency. Both probabilistic shaping \cite{b01, b02, b03} and ge...
1,108,101,566,796
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Depending on how we count, there are roughly 7000 languages spoken around the world today. The field of linguistic typology is concerned with the study and categorization of the world's languages based on their linguistic structural properties \cite{comrie1988linguistic, crofttypology}. While two...
1,108,101,566,797
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Entanglement describes nonlocal quantum correlations, and is one of the characteristic peculiar features of quantum mechanics. Motivated by recent studies showing intimate connections between entanglement and quantum phase transitions \cite{fazio1,nielsen}, the understanding of the degree of en...
1,108,101,566,798
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper describes our approach to the Natural Language Inference (NLI) subtask of the MEDIQA 2019 shared task \cite{MEDIQA2019}. As it is not yet clear the extent to which knowledge-based embeddings may provide task-specific improvement over recent advances in contextual embeddings, we provide...
1,108,101,566,799
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{SECintro} In the braneworld models, the observable universe is a 3-brane (domain wall) to which the matter fields are confined, while the gravity field enters the extra spatial dimensions of size that could strongly exceed the Planck length scale \cite{Ark-Dim-Dva:1998:}. Gravity can be...
1,108,101,566,800
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Hamiltonians of the form \begin{eqnarray}\label{HN} H=\frac{1}{2} p^2-g (ix)^N, \end{eqnarray} which are are $PT$-symmetric, but not Hermitian, have been shown\cite{BB, Dorey} to have a real, positive spectrum for $N\ge2$. For $N<4$ the energy eigenvalue problem can be posed on the real $x$-axis,...
1,108,101,566,801
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Given a Riemannian manifold $(M, g)$, one can consider the Laplace operator $\Delta_g$ acting on the space of smooth functions on $M$; the spectrum of $\Delta_g$ is the set of eigenvalues of $\Delta_g$ on $\mathcal{C}^\infty(M)$. From a spectral-theoretic point of view, one is ...
1,108,101,566,802
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{F}{UTURE} wireless networks are envisioned to offer an unprecedented opportunity to connect the global world via a massive number of low-power heterogeneous smart devices, enabled by the internet of Things (IoTs) \cite{Akpakwu}. A major bottleneck for the application of such unteth...
1,108,101,566,803
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} In the presence of a moving, accelerated mirror, the electromagnetic field evolves from the vacuum to an excited state, containing a non-vanishing number of photons. This `motion induced radiation' or `Dynamical Casimir Effect' (DCE) has been the subject of intense theoretical re...
1,108,101,566,804
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As discussed in \citet{merz2010paid} the main task of reserving actuaries is to predict ultimate loss ratios and outstanding loss liabilities. In general such predictions are based on past information that comes from a variety of sources. Under a credibility based framework, the weighting of dif...
1,108,101,566,805
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Glass formers incur a sensational dynamical slowdown as the temperature is decreased~\cite{debenedetti:01}. At high temperatures, this slowdown is well explained by \ac{mf} theory~\cite{cavagna:09,maimbourg:16}, which predicts a breaking of ergodicity at a temperature $T_\mathrm{d}$: at $T<T_\m...
1,108,101,566,806
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Conditionally-solvable quantum-mechanical problems have been of great interest during the last decades (see, for example, Turbiner's remarkable review\cite{T16} and the references therein). However, the solutions to the eigenvalue equations stemming from such models hav...
1,108,101,566,807
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The topological He-McKellar-Wilkens (HMW) phase introduced in 1993 by X.G. He and B.H.J. McKellar \cite{HePRA93} and in 1994 by M.~Wilkens \cite{WilkensPRL94} was never tested since its theoretical discovery. We have recently published such a test \cite{LepoutrePRL12} using ou...
1,108,101,566,808
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Self-testing is a process where an untrusted physical realization of states and measurement operations is certified to be equivalent to some ideal reference model. Our lack of trust requires this certification to be based on a limited number of assumptions, and for this reason it is usually cond...
1,108,101,566,809
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Imagine a future where a doctor can write a few sentences describing a specialized drug for treating a patient and then receive the exact structure of the desired drug. Although this seems like science fiction now, with progress in integrating natural language and molecules, it might well be p...
1,108,101,566,810
arxiv
\section{Hilbert basis for monopole operators} \label{sec:general_idea} \subsection{Preliminaries} \label{subsec:preliminaries} Let us recall some basic properties of Lie algebras, c.f.~\cite{Humphreys:1972}, and combine them with the description of \emph{strongly convex rational polyhedral cones} and \emph{affine ...
1,108,101,566,811
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro} {Chondrites reserve information about the early stage of the solar system that had been lost in the planets themselves.} Spherical chondrules, grains 0.1 mm to 1 mm in size composed of the silicates found in meteorites, are considered to have been formed from precursor ...
1,108,101,566,812
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Turbulence is ubiquitous in natural phenomena and engineering applications \cite{pope2001turbulent}. The understanding and prediction of multiscale turbulent flow is one of the most difficult problems for both mathematics and physical sciences. Direct numerical simulation (DNS) solves the Navier-...
1,108,101,566,813
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of atomic coherence effects in multilevel atoms is one of the most active area in atomic spectroscopy~\cite{ao76,ari90,fs}. Especially, the theory of coherent population trapping (CPT) in a three-level $\Lambda$-type atom has been extensively studied and the phenomenon has been observed...
1,108,101,566,814
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Generative models for text generation is of vital importance in a wide range of real world applications such as dialog system \cite{young2013pomdp} and machine translation \citep{brown1993mathematics}. Impressive progress has been achieved with the development of neural generative models \cite{...