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1,108,101,566,715 | arxiv | \section{Overview of notation}
\label{sec:notation_overview}
The following notation is used in the paper.
\begin{itemize}
\item $G(n)$ = the number of graphic sequences of length $n$.
\item $\lw=(\lw_k)_{k\geq 0}$=lazy random walk, that is, a random process with independent and identically distributed increment... |
1,108,101,566,716 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is now widely accepted that black holes reside in the centre of
nearly all galaxies
\citep[e.g.][]{1996gfa..book.....B,1998Natur.395A..14R,
1998AJ....115.2285M}. Accretion onto these black holes is believed
to be the mechanism responsible for powering Active Galactic Nuclei
\citep[AG... |
1,108,101,566,717 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Currently, neural networks and deep learning have completely changed the traditional way of signal processing, image processing, image recognition, etc. Many of these successful cases have been applied to the medical field \cite{krishnan2016genome,gulshan2016development,jin2017deep,chen2017low,wa... |
1,108,101,566,718 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Nash equilibrium \cite{nash1950} and correlated equilibrium \cite{aumann1974} are important solution concepts that have been
extensively studied in both traditional and computational game-theoretic contexts. Coarse correlated equilibrium
\cite{moulin1978} is a closely related co... |
1,108,101,566,719 | arxiv | \section{}
\section{Introduction}
The O~{\sc i} triplet lines at 7771--5~$\rm\AA$
(3s~$^{5}$S$^{\rm o}$--3p~$^{5}$P, multiplet 1) are known to play
important roles in stellar spectroscopy, since they are sufficiently strong to be
visible in stars of wide temperature range (spectral types from K to B) and ... |
1,108,101,566,720 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Dark matter is an enduring mystery. Despite ironclad evidence for the gravitational effects of dark matter in astrophysical and cosmological observations, the particle characteristics of dark matter are still obscure.
In fact, dark matter may be part of an intricate dark sector,... |
1,108,101,566,721 | arxiv | \section{Proof of Proposition~\ref{prop41}}\label{proofpropR_n}\label{ap:A}
\input{proof_prop_Rn}
\section{Introduction}
The many-dimensional Generalized Excited Random Walk ({\rm GERW}) was introduced by Menshikov et al. in~\cite{menshikov2012general} following a series of works on many-dimensional excited random wa... |
1,108,101,566,722 | arxiv | \section{Conclusion \& Limitations}
We present a globally optimal formulation to jointly search for both the topology and geometry of a planar linkage structure. Our formulation relaxes the problem into a MICP, for which optimal solutions can be found efficiently using BB algorithms. Our results show that our formulati... |
1,108,101,566,723 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
Indirect searches for Dark Matter, i.e. searches for `anomalous' features in cosmic rays (e.g. gamma-rays, neutrinos, positrons and anti-protons), have been proposed in the late 70's as a powerful way to reveal the existence of Dark Matter annihilations in the Milky Way hal... |
1,108,101,566,724 | arxiv |
\section{Acknowledgment}
We would like to thank Andrew Childs, Omid Etesami, Salman Beigi, and Mohammad Ali Abam for their comments on an earlier version of the paper.
\section{Bootstrapping}\label{bootstraping}
Recall that in Section \ref{bbc}, we described our bootstrap algorithm that uses itself as the oracle of th... |
1,108,101,566,725 | arxiv |
\subsection{Outer Loop for Solution Search}
To make this article self-sustained, we briefly explain the search strategies in the outer loop and summarize it in Algorithm~\ref{alg:outer_pf_search}. Interested readers can refer to \cite{lesieutre2015:efficient}.
\begin{algorithm}[tbhp]
\caption{Outer Loop for Locating... |
1,108,101,566,726 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec::Introduction}}
With a simple, purely geometrical definition and complex behavior
that includes a phase transition, percolation
has become an important theoretical model in statistical physics.
It has also applications in various areas of science, like
conductivity in strongly heterogen... |
1,108,101,566,727 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction.}
\label{section:introduction} Let $\xi$ be the {\it
standard} contact structure in oriented 3-space
$\hbox{\sl I\kern-.18em R \kern-.3em}^3 = (\rho, \theta, z)$, that is the kernel of
$\alpha = \rho^2 d\theta + dz$. An oriented knot
$K$ in contact $\hbox{\sl I\kern-.18em R \kern-.3em}^3$ is sai... |
1,108,101,566,728 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Can cats or dogs do barter? Trade is one of the essential feature of human intelligence. \cite{10.1371/journal.pone.0001518} reported that chimpanzees who are an intelligent species like human have the ability to trade, but are reluctant to trade. This subsequently led to a major divergence in t... |
1,108,101,566,729 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The process of stellar mass accretion is an important aspect of star
formation that is still to be fully understood. Not only is accretion
responsible for building up the young star to its final mass, but it
is also responsible for powering the mass outflows observed from such
systems, whi... |
1,108,101,566,730 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Reconciling low with high gravitational energy scales remains a subtle
issue that is so far not fully-explored by merely looking at current astrophysical data \cite{referenza1}. Thereby, probing general relativity at both short and large distances with arbitrary accuracy is seemly for guaranteei... |
1,108,101,566,731 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets during the last two
decades has enabled us to investigate the physical properties of these
objects, and to compare them to the known planets of our own solar
system. The discoveries of brown dwarfs, on the other hand, have
opened our view for... |
1,108,101,566,732 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The physical properties of GCSs in galaxies
have long been considered to be ``fossil records''
that contain vital information on galaxy formation
and evolution (e.g., Searle \& Zinn 1978;
Harris 1991; Ashman \& Zepf 1998;
West et al. 2004).
For example, the observed bimodal colour
distributions,... |
1,108,101,566,733 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Ads has been contributing to more than $90\%$ of revenue for companies
as Google, Facebook, \textit{etc.},
therefore improving the performance deserves lots of time and efforts,
not only for advertiser themselves, but also for various platform providers as Google.
While advertisers have been... |
1,108,101,566,734 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Time averaging is a basic yet essential tool in fluid dynamics because of the ubiquity of phenomena involving multiple time scales. Atmospheric and oceanic flows, for instance, can often be decomposed usefully into fast and slow components \citep[e.g.][]{vallis2017atmospheric,v... |
1,108,101,566,735 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Assessing the quality and/or impact of research of a given institution (university or research center) and assessing the corresponding improvement over time is one of the most difficult tasks in modern quality assurance systems.
On the other hand, the growing development of university rankings ... |
1,108,101,566,736 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
We consider the following inverse problem: Assume that $\grtr \in \mathds{R}^n$ denotes a signal of interest in one spatial dimension. It is assumed to be \emph{$s$-gradient-sparse}, i.e., $\cardinality{\supp( \nabla\grtr)} \leq s$, where $\nabla \in \mathds{R}^{n-1 \... |
1,108,101,566,737 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
We apply a new computational method to light-front~\cite{LFreview1,LFreview2,LFreview3,LFreview4}
$\phi^4$ theory in two dimensions, in both the
symmetric and broken phases~\cite{RozowskyThorn,Kim,Varyetal1,Varyetal2,Varyetal3,Varyetal4}.
The method is based on an expansion o... |
1,108,101,566,738 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{se:1}
The theoretical study of exciton dynamics in conjugated polymer systems is both a fascinating and complicated subject.
One reason for this is that characterizing excitonic states themselves is a challenging task: conjugated polymers exhibit strong electron-electron interactions ... |
1,108,101,566,739 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Modeling patient prognosis is a challenging but important topic in clinical research, where researchers analyze and predict clinical outcomes including response to certain therapy (\textit{e.g.}, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, immunotherapy for oncology), patient progression-free survival ... |
1,108,101,566,740 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As it is known, the mathematical approach to vehicular traffic modeling is developed on three representation scales: microscopic, macroscopic, and kinetic. However, the critical analysis proposed in \cite{[BDS11]} states that none of those scale approaches is totally satisfactory. Precisely, e... |
1,108,101,566,741 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The existence of a fundamental scalar has been essential to understand an important phenomenon in the nature.
The Higgs boson, responsible for the electroweak symmetry breaking, is the only example confirmed by experiment so far.
However, it is well believed that a scalar field (inflaton) drives ... |
1,108,101,566,742 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
{\em Possibilistic logic} \cite{DuLaPr,DuPr2} is a well-known uncertainty logic to reason with graded (epistemic) beliefs on classical propositions by means of necessity and possiblity measures.
In this setting, epistemic states of an agent are represented by possibility distributio... |
1,108,101,566,743 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Model predictive control (MPC) is a powerful control technique in dynamic systems, power inverters, and dynamic reference trajectories, as shown in \cite{berberich2022linear}. It can predict future system behavior from the current system state by solving an optimal control problem at each samplin... |
1,108,101,566,744 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The resolution of scanned interferometric spectroscopy is usually limited by the maximum optical path difference (MOPD) of the interferometer. As part of our development of mass-correlated rotational alignment spectroscopy (CRASY),\cite{Schroter2011} we constructed an interferometer with an effe... |
1,108,101,566,745 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\newcommand{\figref}[1]{Figure~\ref{fig:#1}}\
\newcommand{\secref}[1]{Section~\ref{sec:#1}}\
\newcommand{\tblref}[1]{Table~\ref{tbl:#1}}\
The modern picture of galaxy assembly is effective at explaining a wide range of galaxy classes. Star formation is fueled by cool gas, and ... |
1,108,101,566,746 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The spin-boson model is an important toy model for investigating
the influence of dissipation on quantum tunneling and has a wide
range of applications.\cite{leg,weiss} Over decades the model has
been studied by various methods,\cite{leg} like path
integral,\cite{fey} renormalization group
calcu... |
1,108,101,566,747 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Computational high-throughput screening ever-increasingly allows the
coverage of larger subsets of chemical space. Extracting a property
of interest across many compounds helps infer structure-property
relationships, of interest both for a better understanding of the
physics and chemistry at ha... |
1,108,101,566,748 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $e_\lambda$ denote the $L^2$-normalized eigenfunction on a compact, boundary-less Riemannian surface $(M,g)$, i.e.,
$$-\Delta_g e_\lambda=\lambda^2 e_\lambda, \quad \text{and } \, \, \int_M |e_\lambda|^2 \, dV_g=1.$$
Here $\Delta_g$ is the Laplace-Beltrami operator on $(M,g)$ and $dV_g$ is... |
1,108,101,566,749 | arxiv | \section*{Some examples}
We consider two gauge mediation models for a demonstration.
In the following, mass spectrums are calculated by ISAJET 7.72~ \cite{ISAJET} and
we use programs Herwig 6.5~\cite{HERWIG6510} and AcerDET-1.0~\cite{RichterWas:2002ch}
to simulate LHC signatures.
The first example is a strongly int... |
1,108,101,566,750 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
{It is important to check whether the covariates of interest contribute to the response, given the other covariates. In linear regression models, this is formulated as testing whether the parametric vector of interest is equal to zero.
This paper studies inference of ultrahigh-dimensional para... |
1,108,101,566,751 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Reinforcement
Learning (RL) follows the principle of behaviourist psychology and learns
in a similar way as a child learns to perform a new task. RL has been
repeatedly successful in the past~\cite{singh2002optimizing,tesauro1995temporal}, however, the successes were mostly limited to low-dimen... |
1,108,101,566,752 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As a class, normal elliptical galaxies are not actively forming stars. Their star formation
rate (SFR) must be significantly less than $1$~M$_\odot$~yr$^{-1}$, or such activity would have been
identified long ago in the form of prominent H$\beta$ lines or an excess of blue light. However, low... |
1,108,101,566,753 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Strong gravitational lenses are rare cases where a distant galaxy or quasar is aligned so closely with a foreground galaxy or cluster of galaxies that the gravitational field of the foreground object creates multiple, highly distorted images of the background object. T... |
1,108,101,566,754 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:introduction}Introduction}
Electron cooling has become one of the most effective methods for increasing the phase space density of stored ion beams through their interaction with an electron beam copropagating at the same average velocity~\cite{Budker1967}. The first electron cooling experiment was... |
1,108,101,566,755 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the basic problems of representation theory is the study of irreducible spherical unitary representations and their spherical functions. It is well known that spherical functions on classical symmetric spaces of compact type are expressed through multivariate orthogonal polynomials --- th... |
1,108,101,566,756 | arxiv | \section{Conclusions}\vspace{-1mm}
We prove the first sublinear regret bounds for GP optimization with commonly
used kernels (see \figref{regrettable}), both for $f$ sampled from a known GP
and $f$ of low RKHS norm. We analyze \ucb, an intuitive, Bayesian upper confidence bound based sampling rule. Our regret bounds ... |
1,108,101,566,757 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The motion picture industry is a multi-billion dollar market.
Therefore many attempts have been made at predicting how much money films
will bring in during their respective opening weekends in theaters \cite{Huberman:twitter, mestyan:wikipedia, sharda:predicting}. There is also a body of resear... |
1,108,101,566,758 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well known that for finite matrices image partition regularity behaves well with respect to central subsets of the underlying semigroup (Central sets were introduced by Furstenberg \cite{refF} and enjoy very strong combinatorial properties \cite[Proposition 8.21]{refF}). But the situation ... |
1,108,101,566,759 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we investigate some properties of the associative algebras
which were shown in \cite{1,2,3} to underly the rational Calogero model
\cite{4} and were denoted as $SH_N (\nu )\ $ in \cite{5}. Algebra $SH_N (\nu )$ is the
associative algebra of polynomials constructed from arbitrary el... |
1,108,101,566,760 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Intro}
Conversion of kinetic collision energy into high multiplicity of newly made hadronic
particles is one of the most notable features of reactions observed at the Relativistic
Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL)~\cite{Back:2004je}.
In this process, ... |
1,108,101,566,761 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A Bayesian network (BN) is a probabilistic graphical model consisting of a labeled directed acyclic graph (DAG) $\mathcal{G} = (V, E)$, in which the vertex set $V = \{V_1, \dots, V_m\}$ corresponds to $m$ random variables, and the edge set $E$ prescribes a decomposition of the joint probability ... |
1,108,101,566,762 | arxiv | \subsection{#1}}
\newcommand{\Ssection}[1]{\subsection{#1}}
\newcommand{\sssection}[1]{\subsubsection{#1}}
\newcommand{\SSsection}[1]{\subsubsection{#1}}
\newcommand{\ssssection}[1]{\paragraph{#1}}
\newcommand{\SSSsection}[1]{\paragraph{#1}}
\newcommand{\sssssection}[1]{\subparagraph{#1}}
\newcommand{\SSSSsection}[1]{\... |
1,108,101,566,763 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well known that exactly solvable systems play very
important role in quantum theory. Unfortunately number of
such systems is quite limited. This considerably narrows
their applications. Such a situation stimulates interest to
quasi-exactly solvable systems \cite{qes, shifman, ushv1,
ushv2,... |
1,108,101,566,764 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The concept of {\em heaps of pieces} was introduced by G. Viennot in 1986 \cite{Viennot86} (see
also \cite{Krattenthaler} for a review). Informally, a heap of pieces is a collection of elements
which are piled together. If two elements intersect in their horizontal projections, then the
resultin... |
1,108,101,566,765 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\def*}\footnotetext{These authors contributed equally to this work.{*}\footnotetext{These authors contributed equally to this work.}
Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) \citep{busoniu2008comprehensive} has recently led to promising results in many real-world applications, such ... |
1,108,101,566,766 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Legal reasoning problems can be addressed from different
perspectives.
From a lawyer's perspective, a trial may be best modeled as a
strategic game.
In a criminal trial, for example, the prosecutor may try
to convince the judge or jury of the defendant's guilt
while the defense attorney tries th... |
1,108,101,566,767 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A \textit{singular modulus} is the $j$-invariant of an elliptic curve with complex multiplication. Given a singular modulus~$x$ we denote by $\Delta_x$ the discriminant of the associated imaginary quadratic order.
We denote by $h(\Delta)$ the class number of the imaginary quadratic order of ... |
1,108,101,566,768 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Plasmonic nanofluids, which contain a suspension of plasmonic nanoparticles in a base fluid, have been proposed as effective working fluids to directly convert solar radiation to thermal energy \cite{lee2012radiative}. Owing to the resonance characteristics of the localized surface plasmon (LSP),... |
1,108,101,566,769 | arxiv | \subsection{Optimising Target Objects}\label{subsec:SpontTarget}
\begin{figure*}[!t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{Scatter_Plot1.pdf}
\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{Scatter_Plot2.pdf} \\
\caption{In the {\em left} panel. Signal strength as given by $\Sigma/\Delta v \propto T_{RJ}$. We... |
1,108,101,566,770 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
For the last ten years, three international collaborations have been collecting precise timing observations of the most stable millisecond pulsars, with the aim of identifying the imprint of gravitational waves (GWs) in the nanohertz frequency band \citep{h13,kc13,ml13}. The be... |
1,108,101,566,771 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In QCD, charge symmetry (CS) is a symmetry of the Lagrangian under the
exchange of the up and down quarks~\cite{MNS}. This symmetry has many
consequences at the hadronic level, where it translates into, {\textrm{e.g.}}, the
invariance of the strong nuclear force under the exchange of protons
and... |
1,108,101,566,772 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Twisted bilayer graphene (tBG) with a “magic angle” ($\backsim 1.1^{\circ}$) has gained extensive attention since the discovery of gate-tunable unconventional superconductivity and strongly correlated insulating phases, which are due to the presence of ultraflat bands near the Fermi level\cite{... |
1,108,101,566,773 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Random walks, and the associated continuous-time Brownian motion (BM),
are ubiquitous in nature. As such, they are not only
the cornerstones of statistical physics \cite{chandrasekhar, feller, hughes} but have also found many
applications in a variety of areas such as biology \cite{koshland},
c... |
1,108,101,566,774 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Let $S=k[x_1,\ldots, x_n]$ be the polynomial ring in $n$ variables over a field $k$. We order lexicographically the monomials of $S$ such that $x_1>x_2>\ldots> x_n$. Let $d\geq 2$ be an integer and $\mathcal{M}_d$ the set of monomials of degree $d$. For two monomials $u,v\in\mathcal{M}_d$, with... |
1,108,101,566,775 | arxiv | \section*{Methods}
\subsection*{Numerical method}
System parameters are chosen to correspond to a fluid bath of density 0.95 g/cm$^3$, viscosity 16 cS and surface tension 20.9 dynes/cm vibrating vertically with amplitude $A_0$ and frequency $\omega_0 = 80$Hz. The resonant bouncing of the particle at the Faraday frequen... |
1,108,101,566,776 | arxiv |
\section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:intro}
Consider
motion planning for robots such as UAVs \cite{liu2017planning}, autonomous ships \cite{chiang2018colreg}, and spacecrafts \cite{richards2002spacecraft}. The planning solution needs to satisfy two criteria. First, the solution path must be feasible, meaning that the pa... |
1,108,101,566,777 | arxiv | \section{Partially Ordered Sets}
\subsection{Preliminaries}
Suppose that $(S, \preceq)$ is a discrete partially ordered set. Recall that $C \subseteq S$ is a {\em chain} if $C$ is totally ordered under $\preceq$. We make the following assumptions:
\begin{enumerate}
\item \label{a.m} There is a minimum element... |
1,108,101,566,778 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent Paul Dirac, in 1963, published a paper on \textit{A Remarkable Representation of the $3+2$ de-Sitter Group} \cite{pamd}. He further showed that, among the infinitesimal generators of this group, there are four cyclic ones while the rest are hyperbolic. The representation is very simple ... |
1,108,101,566,779 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Smart devices have gained significant market share in the mobile handset and personal computer markets, and this trend is expected to continue in the near future. Smartphone shipments were $43.7\%$ of all handset shipments in 2012, and smartphones' share in the handset marke... |
1,108,101,566,780 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec1}
It is generally believed that a neutron star (NS) is born as a result
of the gravitational collapse of the iron core of a massive evolved
progenitor star ($M\sim 8\,-\,25\,M_{\sun}$) in a Type-II supernova
\cite[e.g.][]{Bet90}. The iron core of such a star collapses when its
mass re... |
1,108,101,566,781 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Traditionally, the Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi
(DGLAP) evolution equations \cite{DGLAP1,DGLAP2,DGLAP3,DGLAP4}
approach is used to obtain the quark, anti-quark and gluon
densities, i.e., the parton distribution functions (PDF),
$a(x,\mu^2)$. These functions depend on the Bjorken ... |
1,108,101,566,782 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Rohrlich's formula}
The classical Jensen's formula is a well-known theorem of complex analysis which characterizes,
for a meromorphic function $f$ on the unit disc, the value of the integral of
$\operatorname{log}|f(z)|$ on the unit circle in terms of the zeros and poles of $f$ insi... |
1,108,101,566,783 | arxiv | \chapter{COLLECTIVE DYNAMICS OF LOHE TYPE AGGREGATION MODELS}
\markboth{Seung-Yeal Ha and Dohyun Kim}{Collective dynamics of Lohe type aggregation models}
\author{Seung-Yeal Ha}
\address{Department of Mathematical Sciences and Research Institute of Mathematics\\
Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, and \\
K... |
1,108,101,566,784 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Encoder-decoder based methods have been widely used for generating information preserving embeddings for different data modalities. In the past decades, several encoder-decoder based methods have been proposed for 2D images \cite{segnet, ronneberger2015unet, deeplab} and have... |
1,108,101,566,785 | arxiv | \section*{Some macros}
\begin{verbatim}
\newcommand{\mathrm{Gr}}{\mathrm{Gr}}
\newcommand{\mathcal R}{\mathcal R}
\newcommand{\mathcal F}{\mathcal F}
\newcommand{\mathcal T}{\mathcal T}
\newcommand{\mathcal K}{\mathcal K}
\newcommand{\mathcal O}{\mathcal O}
\newcommand{\mathscr P}{\mathscr P}
\newcommand{\mathrm{St}... |
1,108,101,566,786 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
Given an ideal $I$ in a Noetherian ring $R$, one can associate an algebra to $I$ known as the Rees algebra $\hbox{\ensuremath{{\mathcal R}(I)}}$ of $I$. This algebra $\hbox{\ensuremath{{\mathcal R}(I)}}=\bigoplus_{i\ge 0}I^i t^i$ is a subalgebra of $R[t]$, where $t$ is an in... |
1,108,101,566,787 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Ever since it has been demonstrated that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) generalize better than the alternatives for image classification~\cite{726791,10.1145/3065386}, further improvements have relied on simple but effective architectural changes that allow training of de... |
1,108,101,566,788 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Integrable models are ideal testing grounds of various methods and
ideas in quantum field theories. The simplest interacting model of
this type is the sinh-Gordon theory, which has a single particle type
and the full finite volume energy spectrum can be calculated from
the scattering phase... |
1,108,101,566,789 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The O(3) nonlinear sigma model has long been the subject of intense research due to its theoretical and phenomenological basis. This theory describes classical (anti) ferromagnetic spin systems at their critical points in Euclidean space, while in
the Minkowski one it delineates the long wav... |
1,108,101,566,790 | arxiv | \section{Acknowledgements}
We thank the ARC Laser team and NIF Experimental Operations team for implementing these experiments.
We gratefully acknowledge the NIF Discovery Science Program for the experimental allocation.
This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Liverm... |
1,108,101,566,791 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec-intro}
Power-law components in the X-ray spectra of accreting black holes
are attributed to hot, tenuous, quasi-spherical plasmas called {\it
accretion disk coronae} (hereafter ADCe) by analogy with the solar
corona, though comptonization rather than atomic lines or bremsst... |
1,108,101,566,792 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In the past decade, \textit{Hubble Space Telescope}
(\textit{HST}) observations helped reveal the eMSTO
phenomenon, now considered a
ubiquitous feature of young star clusters in the
Magellanic Clouds (e.g., \citealt{ADMBNP2007,
ADM2008, KG2008, APM2009, PG2009}), i.e., tho... |
1,108,101,566,793 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
Currently, there is a strong interest in in-memory computing concept. In
particular, there are expectations that in-memory computing architectures
may help to overcome the Von Neumann bottleneck problem~\cite{Backus78a} of
conventional computers and thus provide us with... |
1,108,101,566,794 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of phase transitions and critical phenomena has attracted much attention in recent decades
\cite{71Stanley,14cjpHu,18cjpIsing,19preDimer,19cjpIsing}. The key concepts in such studies include
critical point, critical exponent, universality, scaling, and finite-size scaling function
... |
1,108,101,566,795 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Constellation shaping is now a well-established technique in the optical communications research community for improving the system throughput and operate close to the theoretically achievable information rate and at high spectral efficiency.
Both probabilistic shaping \cite{b01, b02, b03} and ge... |
1,108,101,566,796 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Depending on how we count, there are roughly 7000 languages spoken around the world today. The field of linguistic typology is concerned with the study and categorization of the world's languages based on their linguistic structural properties \cite{comrie1988linguistic, crofttypology}. While two... |
1,108,101,566,797 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Entanglement describes nonlocal quantum correlations, and is one of the
characteristic peculiar features of quantum mechanics. Motivated by recent
studies showing intimate connections between entanglement and quantum phase
transitions \cite{fazio1,nielsen}, the understanding of the degree of
en... |
1,108,101,566,798 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper describes our approach to the Natural Language Inference (NLI) subtask of the MEDIQA 2019 shared task \cite{MEDIQA2019}. As it is not yet clear the extent to which knowledge-based embeddings may provide task-specific improvement over recent advances in contextual embeddings, we provide... |
1,108,101,566,799 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{SECintro}
In the braneworld models, the observable universe is a 3-brane (domain wall) to which the matter fields are confined, while the gravity field enters the extra spatial dimensions of size that could strongly exceed the Planck length scale \cite{Ark-Dim-Dva:1998:}. Gravity can be... |
1,108,101,566,800 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Hamiltonians of the form
\begin{eqnarray}\label{HN}
H=\frac{1}{2} p^2-g (ix)^N,
\end{eqnarray}
which are are $PT$-symmetric, but not Hermitian,
have been shown\cite{BB, Dorey} to have a real, positive
spectrum for $N\ge2$. For $N<4$ the energy eigenvalue problem can
be posed on the real $x$-axis,... |
1,108,101,566,801 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Given a Riemannian manifold $(M, g)$, one can consider the Laplace operator $\Delta_g$ acting on the space of smooth functions on $M$; the spectrum of $\Delta_g$ is the set of eigenvalues of $\Delta_g$ on $\mathcal{C}^\infty(M)$. From a spectral-theoretic point of view, one is ... |
1,108,101,566,802 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{F}{UTURE} wireless networks are envisioned to offer an unprecedented opportunity to connect the global world via a massive number of low-power heterogeneous smart devices, enabled by the internet of Things (IoTs) \cite{Akpakwu}. A major bottleneck for the application of such unteth... |
1,108,101,566,803 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
In the presence of a moving, accelerated mirror, the
electromagnetic field evolves from the vacuum to an excited state,
containing a non-vanishing number of photons. This `motion induced
radiation' or `Dynamical Casimir Effect' (DCE) has been the
subject of intense theoretical re... |
1,108,101,566,804 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As discussed in \citet{merz2010paid} the main task of reserving actuaries is to predict ultimate loss ratios and outstanding loss liabilities. In general such predictions are based on past information that comes from a variety of sources. Under a credibility based framework, the weighting of dif... |
1,108,101,566,805 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Glass formers incur a sensational dynamical slowdown as the temperature is decreased~\cite{debenedetti:01}. At high temperatures, this slowdown is well explained by \ac{mf} theory~\cite{cavagna:09,maimbourg:16}, which predicts a breaking of ergodicity at a temperature $T_\mathrm{d}$: at $T<T_\m... |
1,108,101,566,806 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Conditionally-solvable quantum-mechanical problems have been of great
interest during the last decades (see, for example, Turbiner's remarkable
review\cite{T16} and the references therein). However, the solutions to the
eigenvalue equations stemming from such models hav... |
1,108,101,566,807 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The topological He-McKellar-Wilkens (HMW) phase introduced in 1993 by X.G. He and B.H.J. McKellar \cite{HePRA93} and in 1994
by M.~Wilkens \cite{WilkensPRL94} was never tested since its theoretical discovery. We have recently published such a test
\cite{LepoutrePRL12} using ou... |
1,108,101,566,808 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Self-testing is a process where an untrusted physical realization of states and measurement operations is certified to be equivalent to some ideal reference model.
Our lack of trust requires this certification to be based on a limited number of assumptions, and for this reason it is usually cond... |
1,108,101,566,809 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Imagine a future where a doctor can write a few sentences describing a specialized drug for treating a patient and then receive the exact structure of the desired drug. Although this seems like science fiction now, with progress in integrating natural language and molecules, it might well be p... |
1,108,101,566,810 | arxiv |
\section{Hilbert basis for monopole operators}
\label{sec:general_idea}
\subsection{Preliminaries}
\label{subsec:preliminaries}
Let us recall some basic properties of Lie algebras,
c.f.~\cite{Humphreys:1972},
and combine them with the description of \emph{strongly convex rational
polyhedral cones} and \emph{affine ... |
1,108,101,566,811 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:intro}
{Chondrites reserve information about the early stage of
the solar system that had been lost in the planets themselves.}
Spherical chondrules, grains 0.1 mm to 1 mm in size composed of the silicates found in meteorites, are considered to have been formed from precursor ... |
1,108,101,566,812 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Turbulence is ubiquitous in natural phenomena and engineering
applications \cite{pope2001turbulent}. The understanding and
prediction of multiscale turbulent flow is one of the most difficult
problems for both mathematics and physical sciences. Direct
numerical simulation (DNS) solves the Navier-... |
1,108,101,566,813 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of atomic coherence effects in multilevel atoms is one of the most active area in atomic spectroscopy~\cite{ao76,ari90,fs}. Especially, the theory of coherent population trapping (CPT) in a three-level $\Lambda$-type atom has been extensively studied and the phenomenon has been observed... |
1,108,101,566,814 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Generative models for text generation is of vital importance in a wide range of real world applications such as dialog system \cite{young2013pomdp} and machine translation \citep{brown1993mathematics}. Impressive progress has been achieved with the development of neural generative models \cite{... |
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