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1,116,691,497,015
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There is an old joke in astrophysics that with one source you have a discovery, and with two you have a population. With a population of sources it becomes possible to constrain astrophysical models. Until recently, studies of milli-Hertz gravitational wave science have either focused on making p...
1,116,691,497,016
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Face recognition plays an important task in the ever-growing domains of computer vision and artificial intelligence (AI). With the adoption of deep machine learning techniques, facial recognition performance has reached extraordinary, a 0.1\% rank one miss rate on a gallery of 12 million individ...
1,116,691,497,017
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The \emph{Ricci flow} is a geometric evolution equation for the metric tensor on a general Riemannian manifold. The normalized Ricci flow has the property that all its fixed points are Einstein metrics. In his celebrated paper \cite{Ham1}, Hamilton showed that in 3-manifolds, the positive Ricci ...
1,116,691,497,018
arxiv
\section{Brief review of ramification theory} Let $K$ be a complete discrete valuation field. We assume that $K$ is of characteristic $0$ and the residue field $F$ is of characteristic $p>0$. We assume that $F$ is finitely generated over a perfect subfield $k$. We define an $F$-vector space of finite dim...
1,116,691,497,019
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Our goal is the construction of relativistic scalar field models and the analysis of their extended solutions. We use the deformation procedure, which was put forward in Ref.~\cite{blm}-\cite{blm1}, and profusely applied in \cite{dd+} in a diversity of contexts. The deformation procedure relies ...
1,116,691,497,020
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} In order to build a proper artificial electric sense, it is essential to understand how it works in biology. In this regard, the study of active electrolocation in weakly electric fish is crucial. Indeed, from an electric potential of about $1 \, \textrm{mV}$ oscillating...
1,116,691,497,021
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A major obstacle to the construction of superstring field theories has been formulating an action for the Ramond sector. The last few months have seen remarkable progress on this problem. In~\cite{complete} a complete action for open superstring field theory was formulated by restricting the off...
1,116,691,497,022
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects patients with recurrent seizures. Seizures are characterized by the excessive electrical discharges in neurons, their waveform is known as a spike. A spike is characterized by short bursts of high amplitude, synchronized and multi-phasic a...
1,116,691,497,023
arxiv
\section{\label{sec1}Introduction} Recently, novel tunneling phenomena of Bogoliubov phonon have been theoretically predicted in superfluid Bose gases. Kovrizhin and co-workers\cite{Kov2,Kovrizhin,Kagan} clarified the perfect transmission of low-energy Bogoliubov phonon across a potential barrier, which is referred to ...
1,116,691,497,024
arxiv
\section{Conclusion and Future Work} This work provides a promising foundation for optimizing and evaluating marker placement for improved visual localization. Our OMP algorithm defines localizability scores for different areas in the scene and uses a greedy algorithm to find the best marker placements in the sense of...
1,116,691,497,025
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Primordial black holes (PBHs) are black holes which may have formed in the early universe. The possible existence of PBHs was initially considered by Novikov and Zel'Dovic \cite{1967SvA....10..602Z}, followed shortly by work from Hawking and Carr \cite{Hawking:1971ei,Carr:1974nx,Carr:1975}. PBH...
1,116,691,497,026
arxiv
\section{\label{}} \newcommand{$\frac{\mathcal{B}(X(3872)\rightarrow\pi^0\chi_{c0})}{\mathcal{B}(X(3872)\to\pi^0\chi_{c1})}$}{$\frac{\mathcal{B}(X(3872)\rightarrow\pi^0\chi_{c0})}{\mathcal{B}(X(3872)\to\pi^0\chi_{c1})}$} \section{Introduction} The XYZ states in the charmonium region have properties that make them in...
1,116,691,497,027
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Faced with the ever-growing problem of crime, prevention strategies have come to the fore as a key issue and one of the main challenges of Law Enforcement authorities. This increase has been observed mainly in large urban centers and even with huge masses of digitized data about police activitie...
1,116,691,497,028
arxiv
\section{Measuring the Accuracy of the Tail Estimator} In order to verify the accuracy of this estimator, we conduct a preliminary experiment, where we first generate $K = k \times l$ many ${\cal S}\alpha{\cal S}(1)$ distributed random variables with $k= 100$, $l =1000$ for $100$ different values of $\alpha$. Then, w...
1,116,691,497,029
arxiv
\section{Motivations} \label{sec:motivations} The top-quark mass is now measured with a remarkable precision around 0.5~\% both at the Tevatron and at the LHC using well-developped ``standard'' methods based on templates, matrix elements or ideogram~\cite{velev,brock}. Despite this precision, some questions remain. In...
1,116,691,497,030
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Relative entropy are powerful tools in quantum information theory \cite{Ohya}. It has a monotonicity property under a certain class of quantum channels and the condition of equality is an interesting and important subject. It is Petz who first studied the equality condition of monotonicity of r...
1,116,691,497,031
arxiv
\section{Non-ideal fabrication in fixed frequency qubits} Lattices of coupled qubits are proposed to enable error-correction algorithms such as the `surface code' \cite{Gambetta2017Build_s,fowler2012surface_s}. Qubits are arranged into a square grid with alternate qubits serving either data or error-checking functions...
1,116,691,497,032
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In human-robot interaction, a robot relies on its \ac{SSL} mechanism to direct its attention. Traditionally, \ac{SSL} approaches only use audio signals and attempt as a signal processing problem \cite{knapp1976generalized,brandstein1997robust,schmidt1986multiple}. However, those approaches are...
1,116,691,497,033
arxiv
\section{} \section{Introduction} The inclusive description of minimum bias LHC events is not as spectacular as, e.g., Higgs hunting, but is essential for other very important scientific endeavours. One of them is the Ultra High-Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR) problem and the answer to the question of an existence of G...
1,116,691,497,034
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There are two kinds of stable (time persistent) macroscopic organizations found in nature. The first are called ``equilibrium structures'' and result from the minimization of free energy subject to the conservation laws of physics arising from the symmetries in nature. These organizations h...
1,116,691,497,035
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} \end{center} Dropout Regularization, serving to reduce variance, is nearly ubiquitous in Deep Learning models. We explore the relationship between the dropout rate and model complexity by training 2,000 neural networks configured with random combinations of the dropout rate and the number of hidden ...
1,116,691,497,036
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} Diffuse gas is expected to permeate the large-scale structure (LSS) of the Universe away from galaxy groups and clusters. Detecting and characterising this intergalactic gas is challenging due to the expected low particle number density ($\sim$$10^{-5}$ to $10^{-6}$~\cc) a...
1,116,691,497,037
arxiv
\section*{Significance statement} Positive natural selection or local adaptation is the driving force behind the adaption of individuals to their environment. To identify genomic regions responsible for local adaptation, we propose to consider the genetic markers that are the most related with population structure. To ...
1,116,691,497,038
arxiv
\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{-3.5ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{2.3ex plus .2ex}{\large\bf}} \def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-3.25ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}{\normalsize\bf}} \def\@fnsymbol#1{\ensuremath{\ifcase#1\or 1\or 2\or 3\or 4\or 5\or 6\or 7 \or 8\ or 9 ...
1,116,691,497,039
arxiv
\section{\large introduction} Coupled cavity arrays have recently been proposed as a novel system for realizing quantum computation \cite{angelakis-ekert04} and for simulations of quantum many-body systems \cite{simulation of many body system}. More recently, the steady-state polaritonic \cite{two-state} and membrane...
1,116,691,497,040
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A \textit{time series}, also known as a \textit{trajectory}, is a sequence of observed data $\boldsymbol{t} = (t_1, t_2, ... t_n)$ measured over time. A large number of real world data in medicine \citep{keogh2006finding}, finance \citep{tsay2005analysis}, astronomy \citep{scargle1982studies} and...
1,116,691,497,041
arxiv
\section{The Revet\xspace{} Language} \label{sec:lang} \input{figures/motiv_code} Revet\xspace{} compiles a structured and imperative programming language, which is familiar to many programmers. This language is lowered to a flexible control-flow graph (CFG) IR, which uses hierarchical regions ...
1,116,691,497,042
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Located at the interface between the organism and the surrounding environment, the skin constitutes the first line of defense against external threats, including irritants and pathogens. In order to control potential colonization of the skin surface by pathogens, the epidermal cells, called kerat...
1,116,691,497,043
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An accurate determination of the charm mass plays an important role on the precise physical evaluation of several observables, from K and B decays to CKM matrix elements and in lattice QCD. One of the usual techniques to extract the charm mass is to use the sum rules approach based on the rela...
1,116,691,497,044
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Current studies of the structure of the Milky Way are dominated by a series of major observational programs running from ESA's Hipparcos mission \cite{Hipparcos}, through major photometric surveys such as the SDSS \cite{Sloan}, spectroscopic surveys such as RAVE \cite{RAVE}, to ESA'...
1,116,691,497,045
arxiv
\subsection{Algebraic signatures and basic maps} In our examples and consequences we will consider different algebraic structures on spaces of continuous functions. To this end, recall (see \cite{MR1221741}) that an \emph{algebraic signature}\index{Signature!Algebraic} is a collection $\eta$ of pairs $(*,n)$, where $*...
1,116,691,497,046
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The decidability of the distributed version of the Ramadge and Wonham control problem~\cite{ramadge1989control}, where both the plant and the controllers are modelled as Zielonka automata~\cite{zautomata,thebook} and the controller have causal memory is a challenging open problem. Very good intr...
1,116,691,497,047
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $W$ be a finite Coxeter group of rank $n$ and $h$ its Coxeter number. A formula due to Deligne \cite{deligne} states that the number of factorizations of a Coxeter element as a product of $n$ reflections is \[ \frac{n!}{|W|} h^n. \] The value in the case of the symmetric group is $(n+1)^...
1,116,691,497,048
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar flares reside among the most powerful and impressing manifestations of solar activity \citep[for overviews see, e.g.,][]{kahler1992,schwenn2006}. CMEs and flares may or may not occur together, with the association rate strongly increasing for more energeti...
1,116,691,497,049
arxiv
\section*{Methods} \subsection{Algorithmic details.} For a given two-qubit operation $U$, calculating the 15 single-qubit-gate parameters used in the circuit of Figure~1 b is facilitated by working in the so-called ``magic'' basis\cite{hillPRL1997,krausPRA2001} given in the main text. Transforming to the magic basis ...
1,116,691,497,050
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Impulsive systems are of vital importance on most scientific fields. They can be found in applications ranging from biology and population dynamics to economics and engineering. Usually, many situations are modeled by differential equations. Controls, delays, impulses, and non-linear perturbatio...
1,116,691,497,051
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A mixture of experts (ME) model \citep{jordan1994hierarchical} provides a flexible framework for expressing the distribution of a response variable conditional on a set of covariates. It expresses the continuous or discrete response variable using a finite mixture model with covariate-dependent ...
1,116,691,497,052
arxiv
\section*{Author Contribution}} \NewEnviron{contrib}{% \section*{Author Contribution} \BODY } \usepackage{epsfig} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{pdfpages} \title{Paired Image-to-Image Translation Quality\\Assessment Using Multi-Method Fusion} \author{% Stefan Borasinski\\ Cyanapse Limited\\ Brighton, ...
1,116,691,497,053
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Image and Video Object Detection in general} \subsubsection{History of image object detection} Before the advent of Deep Learning, image detection was carried out using classic Machine Learning methods like Discriminative Models e.g. Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines etc....
1,116,691,497,054
arxiv
\section*{APPENDIX} \section{ADDENDUM TO SECTION~\ref{sec:methods}} \subsection{Problem~\eqref{eq:fair_PCA} May Not Be Well Defined}\label{app:not_well_defined} Let $n=2n'$, $\mathbf{x}_1=\mathbf{x}_2=\ldots=\mathbf{x}_{n'}=\mathbf{0}\in\mathbb{R}^2$, and $\mathbf{x}_{n'+1}, \ldots \mathbf{x}_{2n'}\in\mathbb{R}^2...
1,116,691,497,055
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Before the first star was born, Li was the third most abundant element in the universe. In the intervening 14~Gyr between then and now, Li has been both created by spallation of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen nuclei and destroyed by astration in the interiors of stars. In most stars, destr...
1,116,691,497,056
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} In quantum mechanics, the quantum state of a system completely describes all aspects of the system. The instantaneous state of a quantum system encodes the probabilities of its measurable properties, or "observables" (examples of observables include energy, position, momentum and an...
1,116,691,497,057
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the last years, we invested a large amount of effort to create a versatile data set about the evolution of software projects that combines data from different sources based on our SmartSHARK platform for replicable and reproducible software repository mining~\cite{Trautsch2017, Trautsch2020}....
1,116,691,497,058
arxiv
\section{I. Introduction} Ultrashort-pulse laser micromachining of materials is attracting growing interest due to the possibility of achieving much higher quality of the laser processed surfaces as compared to longer laser pulses \cite{Malinauskas.2016}. The enhanced processing quality is largely conditioned by the d...
1,116,691,497,059
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Dark matter halos are the fundamental units of cosmic structure formation. These objects are formed through the assembly of dark matter particles, in which initially overdense regions of the universe collapse through gravitational instability. In hierarchical structure formati...
1,116,691,497,060
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Notations} In 1967 Robert Katz and Michael Grossman created the first system of non-Newtonian calculus, which we call the geometric calculus. In 1970 they had created an infinite family of non-Newtonian calculi, each of which differs markedly from the classical calculus of Newton and Leibniz. ...
1,116,691,497,061
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The nearby M\,81 group has been the subject of several surveys in the 21--cm line of atomic hydrogen (HI). These surveys can be divided into two broad categories: targeted and blind. \cite{appleton81} using the 76--m Lowell telescope and later \cite[Yun \etal\ (1994;]{yun94} \cite[see also Yun ...
1,116,691,497,062
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} \vspace{-0.3cm} Galactic bulges are emerging as inherently complex features in spiral galaxies. Numerous studies have shown them to have several spatial structures overlaying each other. The Milky Way is no different -- over the last decades our view of the stellar content, gas and...
1,116,691,497,063
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \label{s - intro} In this paper we prove simplicity (up to center) of some (incomplete) Kac-Moody groups over algebraic closures of finite fields. At first glance, this might be a surprising result because the examples which are usually given to introduce incomplete Kac-Moody groups (as defined...
1,116,691,497,064
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Intro} Transition metal oxides are of great current interest because of the wide variety of the ordered phases that they exhibit and the strong sensitivity to external perturbations. \cite{imada} Among them, manganese oxides with formula $R_{1-x}A_{x}MnO_{3}$ ($R$ stands for a rare...
1,116,691,497,065
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Distributed \emph{Gaussian process} (GP) models \cite{LowUAI13,Marc15,Yarin14,NghiaICML16,LowAAAI15} are conventionally designed with a server-client paradigm where a server distributes the computational load among parallel machines (i.e., client nodes) to achieve scalability to mas...
1,116,691,497,066
arxiv
\section[Introduction]{Introduction} Knots can have one of five symmetry types: (+) amphichiral, (-) amphichiral, reversible, no symmetry, and full symmetry. The symmetry type of each prime knot is known through high crossing number \cite{Cerf}, \cite{Kod1},\cite{VIGRE}. For composite knots, new symmetries may arise o...
1,116,691,497,067
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones have received increasing attention from both the research and industry community. Of particular interest are applications enabled by combining UAVs with the Internet of Things (IoT)~\cite{motlagh2016low,choi2015building}, such as env...
1,116,691,497,068
arxiv
\section{} Aditya-L1 is India’s first solar mission with Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC) consisting of three spectral channels taking high-resolution spectroscopic observations of the inner corona up to 1.5~R$_\odot$ at 5303 \AA, 7892 \AA, and 10747 \AA. In this work, we present the strategy for the slit-width...
1,116,691,497,069
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $X$ be a connected, reduced and complete scheme over a perfect field $k$ and let $x \in X$ be a $k$-rational point. In \cite{No1}, Nori introduced a $k$-group scheme $\pi^N(X,x)$ associated to essentially finite vector bundles on $X$. In \cite{No2}, Nori extends the definition of $\pi^N(X,x...
1,116,691,497,070
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Pulsar-timing arrays (PTAs) are a network of millisecond pulsars that can be used as a gravitational-wave detector on galactic scales \cite{1978SvA....22...36S, 1979ApJ...234.1100D}. The measurement is based on the precise determination of arrival times of radio pulses, which feature spatially co...
1,116,691,497,071
arxiv
\section{\bf Introduction} \hspace*{0,5cm} Bernstein algebras form a class of nonassociative algebras whose origin lies in genetics. Historically, they have been introduced by Lyubich \cite{Lyu} and Holgate \cite{Ho} as an algebraic formulation of the problem of classifying the stationary evolution operators in gen...
1,116,691,497,072
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the structure of 4-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories. Building on earlier work \cite{ads,cern} and using arguments based on symmetry, holomorphy, and weak-coupling limits, it has been possible to reach remarkable conclusions a...
1,116,691,497,073
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper addresses spontaneous symmetry breaking in non-relativistic quantum systems of finite size. Strictly speaking, spontaneous symmetry breaking can only occur in infinite systems. Then the ground state exhibits a lesser degree of symmetry than the Hamiltonian itself, i.e., the ground sta...
1,116,691,497,074
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Even though Demand Response (DR) \cite{dr} technologies were studied and practiced since the 60s, their integration in the US wholesale markets has been facilitated by several regulatory rules and measures ever since the state of California was struck by energy crises in 2000 and 2001. Available...
1,116,691,497,075
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s_m1} The number of applications in physics, mechanics, and engineering where it is necessary to solve numerically ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with a given initial value is really enormous. Since many ordinary differential equations cannot be solved analytically, pe...
1,116,691,497,076
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The ejection of matter at moderate to high velocities is a common and perhaps universal phenomenon of Quasi-Stellar Objects (QSOs). One of the main manifestations of QSO outflows is the blueshifted UV Broad Absorption Lines (BALs) seen in $\sim 10$\% of optically selected QSOs, the BAL~QSOs ...
1,116,691,497,077
arxiv
\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}% {-3.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex {2.3ex \@plus.2ex}% {\normalfont\large\bfseries}} \renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}% {-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}% {1.5...
1,116,691,497,078
arxiv
\section{How to Use this Template} \section{Introduction} Inflationary cosmology \cite{Guth,Linde} is now the dominant perspective in explaining the early universe's physics, solving the flatness, homogeneity and unwanted relics problems, and providing a mechanism to interpret the inhomogeneities in the Cosmic Micr...
1,116,691,497,079
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \indent We present a linear implicit \emph{m-}step method LIL (Local Iterative Linearization) and prove its convergence applied for the following initial value problem \begin{equation} \overset{.}{x}=f\,(t,x),\quad x(t_{0})=x_{0}, \label{1.1} \end{equation} \noindent \noindent where \ $f\,:\,...
1,116,691,497,080
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} This research was supported in part by the National Nature Science Foundation of China and the post doctoral foundation of China. S.H. Zhu gratefully acknowledges the support of K.C. Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong.
1,116,691,497,081
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fabrication of novel nanostructured spintronics devices and the related experimental studies of spin-dependent electron transport stimulate new theoretical approaches to the physical properties of nanosystems where quantum coherence effects can have a decisive role, in contrast to the mostly quas...
1,116,691,497,082
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Large Area Telescope (LAT) onboard the \textit{Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope} (\textit{Fermi}) is a pair-conversion telescope with imaging and spectroscopic capabilities, a large field-of-view of $\sim 2$ sr, and sensitive to $\gamma$-rays in the energy range from $\sim 20$ MeV to $\sim 1$...
1,116,691,497,083
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Open-Domain Question Answering (ODQA) is a longstanding task in natural language processing that aims to answer questions about a wide range of world knowledge with no context given \citep{voorhees1999trec, huang2020recent,zhu2021retrieving,zhang2022survey}. It is challenging even for humans with...
1,116,691,497,084
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation and inhomogeneities in the large scale structures of the Universe have nowadays become a fundamental tool to study the early universe~\cite{infla1}. Present and future data will allow us to discriminate among different inflationary m...
1,116,691,497,085
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper is concerned with the qualitative structure of admissible solutions to the strictly hyperbolic $N\times N$ system of conservation laws in one space dimension \begin{equation} \label{basic equation} \begin{cases} u_t+f(u)_x=0 & u:\ensuremath{\mathbb{R}}^+\times\ensuremath{\mathbb{R}}\t...
1,116,691,497,086
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There have been many tantalizing signals which may be evidence for particle dark matter. Most recently, the PAMELA experiment has reported an cosmic ray positron excess of positrons with energy in the 10-100 GeV range \cite{Pamela}, which is consistent with annihilating dark matter \cite{theory...
1,116,691,497,087
arxiv
\section{Introduction } Burkina Faso is located in the heart of West Africa in the sahel region. It is bordered to the East by Niger, to the North and West by Mali, and to the South by the Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo and Benin. Its area is 274,000 $\textrm{km}^2$. Its climate is dry and divided into two seasons: the dry...
1,116,691,497,088
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the Influence Maximization (IM) problem, we are given a social network, a stochastic model for diffusion of influence over the network, and a budget $k$, and we ask to find a set of $k$ nodes, called \emph{seeds}, that maximize their \emph{spread of influence}, which is the expected number of...
1,116,691,497,089
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} Define the Fourier transform ${\mathcal F}\! f$ (or $\hat f$ for brevity) of an integrable function $f$ on the $d$-dimensional Euclidean space ${\mathbb{R}}^d$ by \begin{equation}\label{fouriertransform.def} {\mathcal F}\! f(\xi):=\int_{{\mathbb{R}}^d} e^{-i \la...
1,116,691,497,090
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Sec:Introduction} Content traffic, which is the dominant form of traffic in data communication networks, is not uniformly distributed over the day. This makes caching an integral part of data networks in order to tackle the non-uniformity of traffic. Caching schemes consist of two phases fo...
1,116,691,497,091
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we consider the following transport equation that is defined on the sphere in spherical coordinates \cite{flyer2007transport,fornberg2011stabilization} \begin{equation}\label{Eq-1} \dfrac{\partial u}{\partial t}+\bm{v}.\nabla u=0, \end{equation} where $u$ is the scalar quantity be...
1,116,691,497,092
arxiv
\section{Participants Demographics} \label{appendix:demographics} In this section, we provide moe details regarding participants' demographics. As Fig. \ref{fig:ages} shows, most participants were between 18 and 34 years old. There were no major differences in gender distribution between the four conditions (Fig.~\ref{...
1,116,691,497,093
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnets with strong spin-orbit interaction (SOI) possess a variety of spin magnetic properties relevant for spintronics, including anomalous Hall effect~\cite{Nagaosa10}, spin Hall effect in ferromagnets~\cite{Sinova15}, quantum anomalous Hall effect~\cite{Yu10, Wang15,...
1,116,691,497,094
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The demand for increased capacity in cellular networks continues to grow, which is driving the deployment of spectrally-efficient small cells \cite{4623708,6768783,6171992,anpalagan_bennis_vannithamby_2015}. While the deployment of small cells leads to significant capacity gains over macrocell...
1,116,691,497,095
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Schur-Weyl duality connects polynomial representations of $GL_N$ and representations of the symmetric group $S_n$. Let $V = {\mathbb{C}}^N$ denote the vector representation of $GL_N$. Then $V^{\otimes n}$ has a $GL_N$-action. Let $S_n$ be the symmetric group on $n$ indices. The tensor $V^{\otime...
1,116,691,497,096
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fermi surface instability in itinerant electron systems gives rise to abundant quantum states of matter in various fields of condensed matter physics, such as superconductivity and magnetism. For example, the nesting property of the Fermi surface has been identified as the origin of charge and/...
1,116,691,497,097
arxiv
\section{Computer Vision Using Convolutional Neural Networks} \label{sec:background} \subsection{CNNs for Object Recognition and Detection} Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are a specific class of neural networks that are often used as deep architectures, which means that the networks contain several so called "hi...
1,116,691,497,098
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} The abundance of gas observable in galaxies today can be expressed with dimensionless numbers, normalised with the critical density of the universe. While stars in galaxies account for $\Omega_*$ = 3 10$^{-3}$ (e.g. Fukugita {\rm et\ts al. } 1998), the HI gas contributes by $\Om...
1,116,691,497,099
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Sec:Intro} The natural problem of computation of continuous cohomologies for non-commutative structures on manifolds has proven to be a subject of great geometrical interest \cite{BS, Fei, Fuks, Wag}. For Riemann surfaces, and even for higher dimension complex manifolds, the cla...
1,116,691,497,100
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is known that reheating is a crucial epoch which connects inflation to the hot big-bang phase~\cite{Turner:1983he}. This era is conceptually very important, but it is observationally poorly known. The physics of this phase transition is thought to be highly non-linear~\cite{Amin:2014eta}...
1,116,691,497,101
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In binary classification, one observes multiple realizations of two different classes, \begin{align*} X_0^1, \ldots, X_0^m & \stackrel{iid}{\sim} P_0, \\ X_1^1, \ldots, X_1^n & \stackrel{iid}{\sim} P_1, \end{align*} where $P_0$ and $P_1$, the class-conditional distributions, are probability dist...
1,116,691,497,102
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Anisotropic engineering materials exhibit directionality in their mechanical characteristics even when subjected to very large strains. These materials represent a wide range of applications in composites and crystals as well as in bio-mechanical systems. Although some a...
1,116,691,497,103
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the early days of NLP~\cite{winograd1971procedure}, conversational agents have been designed to interact with humans through language to solve diverse tasks, e.g., remote instructions~\cite{thomason2015learning} or booking assistants \cite{bordes2016learning,elasri2017frames}. In this goal-...
1,116,691,497,104
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The structure of loosely bound and unbound nuclei is strongly impacted by many-body correlations and non-perturbative coupling to the external environment of scattering states and decay channels \cite{Oko03,Mic09}. This is particularly important in exotic nuclei where new phenomena, at the bo...
1,116,691,497,105
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} An $n$-dimensional Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$ is called a \textit{gradient shrinking Ricci soliton or shrinker} (see \cite{[Ham]}) if there exists a smooth function $f$ on $(M,g)$ such that the Ricci curvature $\text{Ric}$ and the Hessian of $f$ satisfy \[ {\mathrm {Ric}}+\math...
1,116,691,497,106
arxiv
\section{The \textsc{Sofos}\xspace System}\label{sec:solution} \begin{figure} \centering \includegraphics[width=1.0\columnwidth]{figures/system.pdf} \caption{The \textsc{Sofos}\xspace system.} \label{fig:our_system} \end{figure} \begin{figure*}[!ht] \centering \includegraphics[width=\textwi...
1,116,691,497,107
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} Coronavirus Disease 2019 (\textsc{covid}-19{}) is a respiratory disease caused and spread by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (\textsc{sars}-\textsc{c}o\textsc{v}-2{}). The virus most likely originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019 \citep{Zhu2020} and ha...
1,116,691,497,108
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In real-world applications, it is often the case that the dataset for training a prediction model contains missing values. This phenomenon can happen for many reasons, e.g., human error, privacy concerns, and the difficulty of data collection. For example, in census data, some people might not...
1,116,691,497,109
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cell polarisation is the result of a very large and intricate network of biochemical and biomechanical processes occurring in the cell, which cause a loss of internal symmetry in its protein distribution and in its shape \cite{Nelson2003}. The biological complexity ranges from and couples differe...
1,116,691,497,110
arxiv
\section{Notation} As usual, $\mathbb{R}^d$ denotes the Euclidean $d$-space, $\mathbb{T} = [0, 2 \pi]$ is the unit circle, and ${{\Bbb N}}_0 = {{\Bbb N}}\cup \{0\}$. For $1 \leq p \leq \infty$, $p'$ is defined by $\frac{1}{p} + \frac{1}{p'}=1$. By $Q$ or $Q_0$ we denote cubes in $\mathbb{R}^d$ with sides parallel...
1,116,691,497,111
arxiv
\section*{Notation} Our main reference for the basic facts and related notation on BV functions is \cite{FP}. Let us recall that a real valued function $f$ defined on an interval $I$ is of Bounded Variation (we often simply write BV) if the so-called \emph{pointwise variation} $\pV(f,I)$ of $f$ on $I$, given by \[...
1,116,691,497,112
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:Intro}Introduction}% One of the most original and successful attempts to describe the low-energy regime of the theory of strong interactions comes from an idea suggested by Skyrme \cite{Skyrme:1958vn, *Skyrme:1961vq, *Skyrme:1961vr, *Skyrme:1962vh} that baryons (and nuclei) are topological solit...
1,116,691,497,113
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:1} "What is dark matter (DM)?" and "Where does DM come from?" are two very questions that drive countless particle physicists and cosmologists to work day and night to solve these problems.\,\,As of now, the only thing we know for sure is that it contributes about 26\,\% energy density...
1,116,691,497,114
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} \label{sec:conclusion} Short- and/or long-term time series forecasting of both energy generation and load demand have been one of the key tools to guide the optimal decision-making for planning and operation of utility companies without over/underestimating the capabilities of renewable energy inf...