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1,116,691,498,415 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{5mm}
Ordinary $RO(G)$-graded equivariant homology and cohomology for a compact Lie group was
defined by Lewis, May, and McClure in \cite{LewisMayMcClureOrdinary}.
This theory is thus represented by a $G$-equivariant spectrum in the sense of \cite{LewisMaySteinbergerEquivariant}.
... |
1,116,691,498,416 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Frustration plays an important role in the conceptual understanding of the physical properties of novel magnetic materials ~\cite{diep}. Frustration can arise either due to the underlying geometry as in a triangular
lattice ~\cite{weihong992D,zhit962D} case or due to competing
interactions as in ... |
1,116,691,498,417 | arxiv | \section{Maintaining high girth in graph packings}
We say that two $n$-vertex graphs $G_1$ and $G_2$
{\em pack} if
there exists an edge-disjoint
placement of them on the same set of $n$ vertices.
There is an extensive literature
dealing with sufficient conditions ensuring that two graphs
$G_1$ and $G_2$ on $n$ vertic... |
1,116,691,498,418 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
While the stellarator is a promising magnetic configuration for the realization of steady-state fusion, the geometry of a stellarator must be carefully designed. This is because collisionless charged particle trajectories are not automatically confined in a stellarator, as they are in axisymmetr... |
1,116,691,498,419 | arxiv |
\subsection{Structural Lemma}
\label{sec:extendedSecProperties}
In this subsection, we show the following lemma connecting the probabilities $P_i$ to the probabilities $p_j$ from Lemma~\ref{wkeitenc}. The analysis showing the $1/e$-competitiveness of our algorithm
is crucially based on this result. Note that we only... |
1,116,691,498,420 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Internal symmetries are a familiar feature in quantum field theory with many established properties. For example, places where symmetry realizations change can be associated with the emergence of gapless excitations. Often, the realizations of internal symmetries are constrained by 't Hooft ... |
1,116,691,498,421 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and preliminaries}
Let $\sigma=(\sigma_{1},\sigma_{2},\dots,\sigma_{n})$ denote a point on the unit sphere $\mathbb{S}^{n-1}\subset {\mathbb {R}}^n,~n\geq 2,$ and $d\sigma$ be the normalised Lebesgue measure on $\mathbb{S}^{n-1}.$ For continuous functions $f_1, f_2,\dots, f_n$ on ${\mathbb {R}}$ c... |
1,116,691,498,422 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Optimal control problems associated to fluid dynamics have been studied by several authors, during the last decades, motivated by the important applications of such type of problems to the industry. In a natural way, most of the first works were devoted to the case of distributed control as this... |
1,116,691,498,423 | arxiv | \part{Motivation and Results}}
\section{Introduction}
\subsection{The Generalized Fermat Equation}
Since Wiles' groundbreaking proof~\cite{Wiles} of Fermat's Last Theorem, attention has shifted towards the study of the \emph{Generalized Fermat Equation (GFE)}, namely, the equation
\begin{equation}
Ax^r+By^q=Cz^p, \q... |
1,116,691,498,424 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we want to study the coexistence and implications
between periodic objects of maps on the cylinder
$\Omega = \ensuremath{\mathbb{S}^1}\times \ensuremath{\mathbb{I}},$ of the form:
\[
\map{F}{\begin{pmatrix} \theta \\ x\end{pmatrix}}[
{\begin{pmatrix} R_\omega(\theta)\\f(\theta,x... |
1,116,691,498,425 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
\subsection{Motivation}
In his landmark papers \cite{HidaGalois} and \cite{HidaIwasawa}, Hida proved that the $p$-adic Galois representations
attached to ordinary cuspidal Hecke eigenforms by Deligne (\cite{DeligneFormes}, \cite{CarayolReps})
interpolate $p$-adic analytically in... |
1,116,691,498,426 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The TRAPPIST-1 planetary system was discovered by \citet{Gillon_2016} and \citet{Gillon_2017}, using the Transiting Planets and PlanetIsimals Small Telescope \citep{Gillon_2011, Gillon_2013}. TRAPPIST-1 h is the most outer planets detected in this system, its detection was first suggested in \cit... |
1,116,691,498,427 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Social segregation is a primary problem for our well-being, and for
the policy-making of our governments. The most basic questions
regarding social segregation concern its quantification, and the
prediction and prevention of its onset and its outcomes. Attempts to
approach the problem from a qua... |
1,116,691,498,428 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
\subsection{Motivations and overview}
Theoretical studies on black holes in asymptotically anti-de Sitter
spacetimes have attracted substantial attention since the advent of the
anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence
\cite{maldacena1,gubser1,witten1}... |
1,116,691,498,429 | arxiv | \chapter{Introduction} \label{sec::Intro}
Since the advent of quantum mechanics, the quantum nature of the interaction between light and atoms has been an active area of study. With the emergence of quantum information science came novel applications for large atomic ensembles interacting with light, so-called atom-lig... |
1,116,691,498,430 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years a number of unusual superconducting (SC) states have been
discovered in different new materials \cite{Bennemann04}. Most of these
materials are strongly type-II superconductors, possessing highly
anisotropic or even quasi-two-dimensional (2D) electronic structures. Of
special int... |
1,116,691,498,431 | arxiv | \section*{Appendix}
\subsection*{Solubility of thiadiazole derivative (1-[5-(3-chloro-4-methyl-phenylamino)-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl]-propan-2-ol) in scCO$_2$}
In this work we measured the solubility (concentration of a saturated solution) of thiadiazole derivative (structural formula shown at Fig. \ref{Fig01supp}) in s... |
1,116,691,498,432 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Optimization is a vast field and is arguably one of the most useful tools for scientists and engineers.
With applications in almost any industry, from operations research to climate analysis to process control to robotics, the need to further our understanding of optimization and develop efficie... |
1,116,691,498,433 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The low temperature properties of many physical systems, such as
quantum tunneling between flux states in a SQUID, \cite{Leggett84},
two-level atoms coupled to the electromagnetic field in quantum optics,
\cite{LeClair}, or tunneling dislocations and point defects in
solids\cite{disl} can b... |
1,116,691,498,434 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The purpose of this work is to establish the existence of a distributional
corrector in the deterministic homogenization theory for a family of second
order elliptic equations in divergence form with rapidly oscillating
coefficients, and find an approximation scheme for the homogenized
coefficie... |
1,116,691,498,435 | arxiv | \section{Kitaev Chain Example}
We study the model as introduced in the main text, with $V = e^{-3}$. We drive the system with the unitary $P_X = \prod_i \sigma^i_x$. In the majorana formalism, this corresponds to the operator
\begin{equation}
P_X = \gamma_{2} \gamma_{3} \gamma_{6} \gamma_{7} ... = \prod_i \gamma_{4i... |
1,116,691,498,436 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Although fission barrier heights $B_{f}$ are not directly measurable
quantities, i.e. are not quantum observables, they are very useful
in estimating nuclear fission rates. As the activation energy $E_a$ (per mole)
in chemistry gives a rate $k$ of a chemical reaction at temperature $T$ via
... |
1,116,691,498,437 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum information is a rapidly expanding field of research because of its theoretical advances in fast algorithms, superdence quantum coding, quantum error correction, teleportation, cryptography and so forth [3,4,5]. Most of these applications are based on entanglement in quantum states. Al... |
1,116,691,498,438 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The variations of wind speed, in a certain site, are strictly related to the economic aspects of a wind farm, such as maintenance operations, especially in the off shore farms, pitch angle control on new wind turbines and evaluation of a new site. Many researchers are working proposing new models... |
1,116,691,498,439 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The {\it Linearization Theorem} for proper Lie groupoids is a cornerstone of the theory. It generalizes classic results such as Ehresmann's theorem for submersions, Reeb stability for foliations, and the tube theorem of compact group actions. It also serves as a key tool in establishing local m... |
1,116,691,498,440 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
SN~1006 is the supernova remnant (SNR) for which X-ray synchrotron
emission from diffusive shock accelerated electrons was first proposed
(Reynolds \& Chevalier 1981) and detected in X-rays with {\it ASCA}
(Koyama et al.\ 1995). It remains an unrivaled laboratory for
studying these phenomena b... |
1,116,691,498,441 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Among the numerous open questions in contemporary high-energy physics, the origin of cosmic dark matter (DM) and that of the baryon asymmetry in the Universe occupy a pivotal place. Not only do they constitute two of the most striking and fundamental pieces of evidence for the ... |
1,116,691,498,442 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this work we examine the effects of varying single particle energies in a shell model calculation using the GXFP1A interaction \cite{1}. We will focus on the yrast spectrum of $^{48}$Cr $J=0, 2, 4,..., 16$. We perform calculations with the GXFP1A interaction \cite{1}. There have been many... |
1,116,691,498,443 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $(G;A,B)$ be a double Lie group \cite{WeLu} i.e. $G$ is a Lie group, $A,B$
are closed subgroups and any element of $G$ has a unique decomposition:
$g=a b\,,\,a\in A\,,\,b\in B$. Any double Lie group leads to a Manin group
and hence a pair of Poisson-Lie groups in duality (we do not require t... |
1,116,691,498,444 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
Internetwork (IN) magnetic fields are dynamic magnetic structures that populate the interior of supergranular cells \citep{LivingstonHarvey, Smithson1975}. They are spread all over the Sun \citep{Wang}, maintain the photospheric network \citep{Gosicetal2014}, and may hold a signific... |
1,116,691,498,445 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{section:intro}
In \cite{Itai88}, Itai and Rodeh proposed a communication protocol, called the {\em $k$-tree protocol}, which allows all nodes of a network to communicate through a distinguished root node~$v$, even when some set of $k-1$ or fewer edges are removed from the network. The ... |
1,116,691,498,446 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The origin of the ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), i.e., with energies above $10^{18}$ eV,
is still unknown. The three main observables used to study their nature are the energy spectrum,
composition profile, and distribution of their arrival directions. In this energy range,
these studie... |
1,116,691,498,447 | arxiv | \section{I. Introduction}
\label{Intro}
Strongly correlated electron systems in one dimension (1d) have become an area
of immense interest from the perspective of both fundamental and technological
aspects of nanophysics. Intense experimental effort has focused on such
realizations of quantum wires with a few or singl... |
1,116,691,498,448 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In this paper we will derive continuous dependence estimates for the
following boundary value problem:
\begin{align}
\label{EE}
F(x,u,Du,D^2u)&=0\qquad\text{in}\quad \Omega \quad (\Omega\subset\ensuremath{\mathbb{R}}^N),\\
G(x,Du)&=0\qquad\text{on}\quad\partial\Omega,
\label{BV... |
1,116,691,498,449 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Automatic control systems are essential system parts of many industrial
cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and their flawless operations are of elemental
importance for optimal system operation and high product quality. It is
therefore not surprising that automatic control systems are often immediate... |
1,116,691,498,450 | arxiv |
\section{Derivation of Surface Loss Model}
In Eq.\,(1) of the main manuscript, the participation ratio for interface $i$ is given by \cite{Koch2007,Gao2008}
\begin{equation}
p_i=W^{-1}t_i\epsilon_i\int ds\,|E|^2,
\label{SuppEqParticipationDef}
\end{equation}
where the interface has a small thickness $t_i$, die... |
1,116,691,498,451 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider the linear regression model
\[
y_i = \beta_0 + x_i^{\top}\beta + \varepsilon_i
\]
where $x_i$ is a $p$-dimensional vector of covariates,
$(\beta_0, \beta)$ are regression coefficients, and $\varepsilon_i$ is the random error. We are interested in the high dimensional case where $p \... |
1,116,691,498,452 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $T$ be a $\field{C}^*$-torus of rank $n$, i.e., $T=(\field{C}^*)^n$.
A toric variety $X$ of complex dimension $n$ is a normal complex algebraic
variety with an action of $T$ having an open dense orbit.
A fundamental result in the theory of toric varieties says that there
is a one-to-one... |
1,116,691,498,453 | arxiv | \section{Numerical details}
In this appendix we give some numerical details regarding the construction of both the lumpy black holes and black rings. We first test numerical convergence. Since we are using spectral collocation methods, we expect to find exponential convergence as the number of points is varied. This ... |
1,116,691,498,454 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Scalar-valued extrapolation, using the theory of Muckenhoupt weights, has proven to be an essential tool in harmonic analysis. The classical extrapolation result (see \cite{Ru82} and \cite[Chapter IV]{GR85}) says that if a (sub)linear operator $T$ satisfies for a fixed $p_0\in (1,\infty)$ a... |
1,116,691,498,455 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
A significant hurdle of $\Lambda$CDM-based cosmological simulations has been the so-called ``missing satellite problem''. Simply put, early $\Lambda$CDM-based simulations \citep{Kauffmann+93, Navarro+96} found an order of magnitude more satellite galaxies than observed orbiting the Milky Way \ci... |
1,116,691,498,456 | arxiv | \section{Perturbation theory for non-Hermitian systems}
\label{sec:PerturbSols}
In this section, we show in more details how one can use the Magnus expansion to find approximate solutions
of the dynamial system (Eq.~\eqref{eq:EigFrameDynSysI} of the main text)
\begin{equation}
\dot{\Phi}_\mathrm{I} (t) =
D_\mat... |
1,116,691,498,457 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Stars form as a result of the gravitational collapse of clouds of gas and dust. This process can take place
in isolated Bok globules \citep[e.g., B335;][]{keene1983,stutz2008,stutz2010} or within fragmented giant molecular
clouds \citep[e.g. Orion;][]{johnstone1999, motte2001, polychroni2013}.
T... |
1,116,691,498,458 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Virtual personal assistants, such as Siri, Cortana, Google Now, and Alexa, have made commercial use of interactive spoken language technology. However, commercial exploitation of advanced spoken dialogue technology requires new methods for cost-effective development and efficie... |
1,116,691,498,459 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $H$ be a real or complex Hilbert space, $\mathcal{B}(H)$ the space of bounded operators on $H$, and $\mathfrak{A}$ a linear subspace of $\mathcal{B}(H)$. For each $x\in H$ write
\[\mathfrak{A}x\equiv \left\{ Ax:A\in \mathfrak{A}\right\} , \]
and, \emph{if it exists}, denote the projection of... |
1,116,691,498,460 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Lorentz-violating theories have been extensively studied and used as an
effective probe to test the limits of Lorentz covariance. Nowadays, these
theories are encompassed in the framework of the Extended Standard Model
(SME), \cite{Colladay},\ as a possible extension of the minimal Standard
Mode... |
1,116,691,498,461 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, after skin cancers and about 42,170 women will die from breast cancer in the United States for 2020, according to The American Cancer Society's estimate~\cite{breastcancer}. Screening mammography, a low-dose X-ray examination, is typic... |
1,116,691,498,462 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}}
\label{sec:intro}
\IEEEPARstart{U}supervised node embedding is an exciting field, in which a significant amount of progress has been made in recent years \cite{survey_tkde}. The task consists of mapping each node of a graph to a vector in a low-dimensional Euclidean space. The main goal is to ... |
1,116,691,498,463 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
It is known that most stars form in clusters \citep{ladalada2003} and that a substantial fraction of solar-type stars in the field are binaries \citep[e.g.,][]{DM1991,raghavan2010}. Thus it is expected that most solar-type stars must form in binaries \citep[e.g.,][]{lada2006} an... |
1,116,691,498,464 | arxiv | \section{\label{intro}Introduction}
\begin{bf}
\noindent
I. INTRODUCTION
\end{bf}
\vglue .3cm
Recently, we have calculated the complete set of massive one-loop master integrals
\cite{KMR}
needed in the calculation of the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) parton model
corrections to... |
1,116,691,498,465 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
The precise equivalence between the $4$-spinor and $2$-spinor settings
for electrodynamics was exposed by Jadczyk and myself
in~\cite{CJ97a,CJ97b,C98,C00b}.
In summary one sees that, from an algebraic point of view,
the only notion of a complex $2$-dimensional vector space $\S$ yields,
naturall... |
1,116,691,498,466 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
\indent An application in image processing led to the search for orthogonal matrices, all of whose elements have modulus $\leq 1$ and which have maximal or high determinant.
$Cretan$ matrices were first discussed during a conference in Crete in 2014 by N. A. Balonin, ... |
1,116,691,498,467 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Crystalline materials doped with impurities such as rare-earth-ions (REI), or diamond silicon-vancancy (SiV) and nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, have found many applications in fields as diverse as quantum information processing \cite{Riedmatten2015,heshami_quantum_2016,Sipahigil2016,Hensen2015}, ... |
1,116,691,498,468 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
In quantum cosmology the whole universe is treated
quantum-mechanically and is described by a wave function rather than
by a classical space-time. This quantum approach to cosmology may
help us avoid the cosmological singularity problem and
understand what determined the initial state of the ... |
1,116,691,498,469 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Zadko Telescope \citep{cow10} is a 1.0 metre f/4 Ritchey-Chrétien telescope located in Western Australia, in the shire of Gingin (see Figure \ref{fig:observatory}). Constructed by DFM Engineering Inc. in Longmont Colorado USA and donated to the University of Western Australia by Resource Comp... |
1,116,691,498,470 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A group $G$ is \emph{discriminated} by another group $\Gamma$ (or is \emph{fully residually $\Gamma$}) if for every finite set of non-trivial elements $\{g_{1},\ldots, g_{n}\}$ of
$G$ there exists a homomorphism $\phi: G\rightarrow \Gamma$ such that $\phi(g_{i})\neq 1$ for $i=1,\ldots, n$. If th... |
1,116,691,498,471 | arxiv | \section{\label{Introduction}Introduction}
With the rapid development of laser technologies, laser intensity of $10^{22} ~\mathrm{W/cm^2}$ has been demonstrated \cite{Yanovsky}. Extreme laser intensity like $10^{23} ~\mathrm{W/cm^2}$ is available in the next few years, which means the electron dynamics approaching non... |
1,116,691,498,472 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Human \index{languages} languages dististinguish us from other animals, but also birds
or ants have systems of communication. Also, humans have invented
alphabets and other formalized forms of writings. In principle the
methods to be described here could be applied also to these other forms of
... |
1,116,691,498,473 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Pretrained word embeddings \citep{DBLP:conf/nips/MikolovSCCD13} are the basis of many other natural language processing and machine learning systems. Word embeddings of a specific language contain rich syntax and semantic information. \citet{DBLP:journals/corr/MikolovLS13} stated that the continu... |
1,116,691,498,474 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
A number of meson candidates, dubbed the $XYZ$ mesons, that contain charmed-quark
anticharmed-quark ($c\bar{c}$) pairs but do not match expectations for any of the
unassigned levels of the $[c\bar{c} ]$ charmonium meson spectrum, have been observed in recent
experiments~\cite{Olsen:... |
1,116,691,498,475 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The stellar initial mass function (IMF) is one of the most fundamental distribution functions of astrophysics. The number of stars that form in one event with stellar masses in the interval $m,m+dm$ is $dN=\xi(m)dm$, where $\xi(m)$ is the IMF. Star-formation theory predicts syst... |
1,116,691,498,476 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
It remains a great challenge to construct meta-stable de Sitter (dS) solutions in string theory. A useful framework is provided by $\mathcal{N}=1$ supergravity specified through the choice of a real K{\"a}hler potential $K$ and a holomorphic superpotential $W$. This is p... |
1,116,691,498,477 | arxiv | \@startsection{section}{1}{\z@{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}
{3.5ex plus 1.0ex minus 0.2ex}{2.3ex plus .2ex}{\normalsize}}
\def\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}
{3.25ex plus 1.0ex minus 0.2ex}{1.5ex plus 0.2ex}{\normalsize\bf}}
\def\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@{\@startsec... |
1,116,691,498,478 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Photoproduction of mesons off nuclei involves in general many different final
states of the meson-nucleus system and can contribute to a wide range of topics
(see \cite{Krusche_11} for an overview). Very interesting for many questions
are two limiting cases. In `quasi-free' processes, the ... |
1,116,691,498,479 | arxiv | \section*{Response to Reviewer \#1}
\vspace{-0.5em}
\noindent Thank the reviewer for appreciating our contributions to the analysis on the current problems with both model- and data-centric IQA approaches, and to the next-generation IQA dataset construction with the help of a computational framework. These two contribu... |
1,116,691,498,480 | arxiv |
\section{#2}\input{#1}}
\makeatother
\def\arabic{figure}{\arabic{figure}}
\def\arabic{claim}{\arabic{claim}}
\def\arabic{lemma}{\arabic{lemma}}
\newcommand{{\it\bf q}}{{\it\bf q}}
\newcommand{{\it\bf p}}{{\it\bf p}}
\newcommand{{\\it\bf M}}{{\\it\bf M}}
\newcommand{{\it\bf s}}{{\it\bf s}}
\... |
1,116,691,498,481 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Much remains to be understood concerning the "generic behavior" of solutions of the fluid equations for incompressible flows at very large Reynolds number. Kolmogorov's theory is based on the idea that every quantity scales with the power dissipated per unit time and mass. Assuming the viscosit... |
1,116,691,498,482 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{SecI}
For quantum processors built with superconducting qubits, both the control accuracy and the qubit
number have shown steady improvement over the past two decades \cite{Kjaergaard2020}.
Notably, quantum gate operations, which are generally implemented by using microwave
or baseband flu... |
1,116,691,498,483 | arxiv | \section{Conclusion}
We presented extensions to the tracking method Linajea~\cite{Malin-Mayor2021_autom_recon_of_whole_embry_cell_linea_by_learn_from_spars_annot} to improve tracking of all cells during embryonic development.
In addition to combining deep learning to learn position and movement vectors of each cell an... |
1,116,691,498,484 | arxiv | \section{\textcolor{black}{Introduction}}
\textcolor{black}{With the development of the Fifth Generation (5G)
wireless communication systems, high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed
rail and Vehicle-To-everything (V2x) communications have gained increasingly
more interest. Due to the high-speed relative motion... |
1,116,691,498,485 | arxiv |
\section{Problem Statement}
\nobi{The following starts with what Trainify does, but we should first justify why we sit on Trainify (e.g., what are the merits?). In fact, it would be better to justify why we sit on ``abstract-state-based systems''. }
\textbf{Trainify}~\cite{} aims to train a DNN-based controller to ... |
1,116,691,498,486 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $g$ be a Lorentzian metric with signature $(-,+,\dots,+)$ on the manifold $M$ of dimension $1+n$, $n\ge2$. Light-like geodesics $\gamma(s)$ (also called null geodesics) are the solutions of the geodesic equation $\nabla_s \dot\gamma=0$ for which $g(\dot\gamma,\dot\gamma)=0$. There is no can... |
1,116,691,498,487 | arxiv | \section{}
Venus has no known satellites \citep{2009Icar..202...12S}, but has four known co-orbitals: (322756)~2001~CK$_{32}$ \citep{2004Icar..171..102B},
2002~VE$_{68}$ \citep{2004MNRAS.351L..63M,2012MNRAS.427..728D}, 2012~XE$_{133}$ \citep{2013MNRAS.432..886D}, and 2013~ND$_{15}$
\citep{2014MNRAS.439.2970D}. Thes... |
1,116,691,498,488 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
Recently, our understanding of chiral symmetry on the lattice
has substantially improved.
Lattice Dirac operators
have been obtained \cite{overlap-D,fixed-point-D},
which are gauge covariant,
define local actions \cite{locality-of-overlap-D} ... |
1,116,691,498,489 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Double-layer two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) systems,
where electrons are confined to nearby
parallel planes, are expected to exhibit many novel phenomena
due to interlayer electron-electron
interaction. For example, in strong magnetic fields
Coulomb effects are
expected to produce new inc... |
1,116,691,498,490 | arxiv | \subsection{Quantum Nilpotent (Anti-)BRST Symmetries Corresponding to the Classical Gauge Symmetry Transformations}
We have listed the quantum (anti-)BRST symmetries corresponding to the {\it classical} gauge symmetry transformations (4)
in our Eqs. (7) and (8). It is elementary to check that these {\it q... |
1,116,691,498,491 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Typically, more than 30\% of the fuel consumption of ocean--going ships is from making waves \cite{faltinsen05}. A resistance is felt due to the work done by the ship on the surrounding water, which propagates away in the form of wave energy. While going back over a century \cite{michell1898,hav... |
1,116,691,498,492 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Phase resolved energy distributions of pulsars' signals
are important to obtain information on the
radiation processes and geometry of the emission regions in the
magnetosphere.
At $\gamma$-ray energies, at variance with other energy bands, the
three brightest sources (Vela, Crab and Geminga)... |
1,116,691,498,493 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For any missing notation or reference let us refer to \cite{BraLeSpi1999}.
For a graph $G$, let $V(G)$ ($E(G)$, respectively) denote its vertex set (edge set, respectively).
For a subset $U \subseteq V(G)$, let $N_G(U) = \{v \in V(G) \setminus U:$ $v$ is adjacent to some
$u \in U\}$ be the... |
1,116,691,498,494 | arxiv | \section{Astronomy in our societies}
We, astronomers and people around us now, tend to see in astronomy an activity that is mainly, if not solely devoted to the understanding of the Universe and the objects to be found within. This is an intellectual quest that is particularly fruitful since the beginning of the space... |
1,116,691,498,495 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Multiwavelenght follow-up studies of GRBs in the last decade have
established that a significant fraction of long GRBs arise from the
simultaneous collapse of a massive star (e.g. Woosley \& Bloom 2006,
Della Valle 2006). Best examples of this are the SN/GRB associations
so far discovered in the... |
1,116,691,498,496 | arxiv |
\subsection{Video QA task}
Video question and answering (QA) task is a challenging computer vision task
where a computer needs to answer questions given with input videos.
Though challenging, the task is worth studying since
it is an effective way to evaluate
how well a model understands the content of videos;
we c... |
1,116,691,498,497 | arxiv |
\section{Proofs of Corollaries}\label{sec:corpf}
\subsection{Proof of Corollary \ref{cor:shortestpath}}\label{apdx:shortestpath}
Since LP \eqref{lp:shortestpath} always has an integral solution,
it suffices to show that the max-product BP on GM \eqref{gm:shortestpath} converges to the solution of LP.
The proof of Coro... |
1,116,691,498,498 | arxiv | \section{A New GHRS Study of Ly$\alpha$ Clouds -- Motivation}
Quasar absorption lines provide a powerful tool for probing the evolution
of the universe from $z$ = 0 to 5, but to correctly interpret this information,
one must understand the nature of the absorbers.
Studies with the GHRS have yielded important results... |
1,116,691,498,499 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The quest to unravel the nature of space and time is one of the oldest and most challenging ones in the history of intellectual endeavors. Quite intriguingly, combining fundamental principles of quantum mechanics with an information theoretic approach to spacetime allows making statements abo... |
1,116,691,498,500 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Recent advance in experiments using ultracold atoms have led to
great progress in understanding non-equilibrium dynamics of closed
quantum systems \cite{bloch1,blochrev,dipoleexp1}. These experiments
have shed considerable light on the many-body dynamics of strongly
interacting bos... |
1,116,691,498,501 | arxiv | \section*{}
\section{Introduction}
The one-time pad, also known as the Vernam Cipher, invented and
patented\cite{verpat,perfcpr} by Gilbert Vernam in 1917, is a
perfect cipher.\cite{verpat,perfcpr,otp} The core idea is that any message
can be transformed into any cipher (of the same length) by a pad, such that all
tran... |
1,116,691,498,502 | arxiv | \section*{Executive Summary}
\input{sections/executive_summary}
\section{Motivation}
\input{sections/motivation}
\section{Goal}
\label{sec:goal}
\input{sections/goal}
\section{Status of Current Initiatives}
\input{sections/current_initiative}
\section{Deliverable}
\label{sec:deliv}
\input{sections/deliverable}
\se... |
1,116,691,498,503 | arxiv | \section{Arabic Subjectivity/Sentiment Analysis}
In this section, almost all the work done on Arabic is covered. Here, a synopsis about Arabic (e.g., the countries where it is spoken, the number of Arabic speakers) is provided. Following that, the available resources on Arabic sentiment analysis are introduced. Finall... |
1,116,691,498,504 | arxiv | \section{\bf Introduction}
Let $X$ be a compact complex manifold equipped with an area form $\omega$. Let $f:\mathbb{C}\longrightarrow X$ be a
nonconstant entire holomorphic curve. An associated {\sl Ahlfors current} of $f$ is a positive closed current of bidimension $(1,1)$ obtained as the weak limit of a certain ... |
1,116,691,498,505 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec_introduction}
The analysis of roll call data of legislative bodies has
attracted a lot of attention both in the political science and statistical
literature. For political scientists, such data allow to study broad
issues such as party cohesion as well as more specific ones such a... |
1,116,691,498,506 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
If planets and their central star form from the same nebular reservoir, their chemical compositions must correlate in some fashion.
However, observed planet/planetesimal compositions do not completely match those of their central stars. For example, in our solar system,
all rocky
planets and p... |
1,116,691,498,507 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Notations}
\subsection{Introduction}\lb{intr}
Weyl points are singular points on the 3-dimensional spectral bands of an operator with periodic coefficients, at which two distinct bands intersect conically. Much attention has been paid to looking for such fundamental singularities in v... |
1,116,691,498,508 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Modern Cosmology has found itself at an impasse. The latest and most precise estimates of the Hubble constant ($H_0$) obtained from {\em Planck} (`Standard Ruler' measurements) \citep{Planck2020} disagree at the 4.2\,$\sigma$ level with those obtained from the cosmic distance ladder using `Stand... |
1,116,691,498,509 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}}
\IEEEPARstart{T}{he} success of deep neural networks (DNNs) generally depends on the elaborate design of DNN architectures. In large-scale machine learning, especially for tasks such as image and speech recognition, most DNN-based models are over-parameterized to ext... |
1,116,691,498,510 | arxiv | \subsubsection{Proof of Lemma~\ref{lemma_riggedgamescharacterizeresilience}}
\riggedgamescharacterizeresilience*
\begin{proof}
We begin by introducing translations between plays that are useful in all three cases.
First, we translate a play prefix~$w$ in $\mathcal{A}$ into a play prefix~$t'(w)$ in $\mathcal{A}_\mathrm... |
1,116,691,498,511 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
How \newer{can one} determine the relative strength of players who engage in a one-on-one competitive game? This is easy to find out for a group of two players: just let them play a match. For more players, tournaments solve this problem by ranking the players after a limited number of pairwise m... |
1,116,691,498,512 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In relativistic nucleon--nucleon collisions dielectrons are emitted from various sources. Pseudoscalar and vector-mesons can decay directly or via Dalitz decays into a real or a virtual photon that internally converts into an $\rm e^{+}e^{-}$ pair. In addition, semi-leptonic decays from open heav... |
1,116,691,498,513 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\input{introduction.tex}
\section{Overview of Polarized SILL}
\label{sec:overview-sill}
\input{overview-sill.tex}
\section{Overview of the Semantics}
\label{sec:overview-semantics}
\input{overview-semantics.tex}
\section{Background and Notation}
... |
1,116,691,498,514 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL)~\cite{ng2000algorithms} captures the problem of inferring a reward function that reflects the objective function of an expert, from limited observations of the expert's behavior.
Traditionally, IRL required planning algorithms as an inner step~\cite{ziebart20... |
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