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1,116,691,498,515 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The currently accepted paradigm in observational astronomy is that the universe in which we live is undergoing an accelerated expansion. Recent data for the Hubble constant from CMB data \cite{planck2016astronomy} and for the Hubble constant from local data \cite{riess20162} are in support of thi... |
1,116,691,498,516 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
{\em Property directed reachability (PDR)} (also called \emph{IC3}) introduced in~\cite{Bradley11,EenMB11}
is a model checking algorithm for
proving/disproving safety problems. It has been successfully applied
to software and hardware model checking, and later it has been
extended in several di... |
1,116,691,498,517 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec-intro}
This paper is a sequel to \cite{Diao/Lan/Liu/Zhu:lrhrv}, in which a $p$-adic Riemann--Hilbert functor was constructed as an analogue of Deligne's Riemann--Hilbert correspondence over $\mathbb{C}$ \Ref{see \cite{Deligne:1970-EDR}}. We refer to \cite{Diao/Lan/Liu/Zhu:lrhrv} for t... |
1,116,691,498,518 | arxiv |
\subsection{Consequences of Theorem~\ref{thm:main}}
\label{sec:consequences}
A straightforward consequence of Theorem~\ref{thm:main} is that if $p$ has a
definite determinantal representation, and $e$ is a direction of hyperbolicity
for $p$, then the hyperbolicity cone associated with the directional derivative
$D_ep$... |
1,116,691,498,519 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent observational data suggest that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. These data are confirmed by different sources, such as cosmic observations from Supernovae Ia \cite{expansao_ace, expansao_ace2}, Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation \cite{WMAP2007, WMAP2009, WMAP2011},... |
1,116,691,498,520 | arxiv | \section{\refname}}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{makecell}
\makeatletter
\newcommand{\labitem}[2]{%
\def\@itemlabel{\textbf{#1}}
\item
\def\@currentlabel{#1}\label{#2}}
\makeatother
\makeatletter
\newcommand{\labitemc}[2]{%
\def\@itemlabel{\textbf{#1}}
\item
\def\@currentlabel{#1}\label{#2}}... |
1,116,691,498,521 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently a number of seemingly disparate research topics have converged and have been seen to be closely related to each other. The first is the classic problem of a half-filled Landau level of spin-polarized electrons in two space dimensions\cite{dassarmabook,jainbook}. The second is the effects... |
1,116,691,498,522 | arxiv | \section*{\bf Summary}
The strong CP problem is that $SU(3)$ gauge field instantons naturally
induce a CP violating term in the QCD Lagrangian which is constrained
by experiment to be very small for no obvious reason. We show that
this problem disappears if one assumes
the existence of at least one black hole somewhere... |
1,116,691,498,523 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Throughout this paper, we assume that $R=K[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ is the polynomial ring over a field $K$ and suppose that $G$ is a finite simple graph on the vertex set $V=\{x_1,\ldots,x_n\}$ and the edge set $E$.
For a vertex $v$ of $G$ the set of all neighbors of $v$ is denoted by $N(v)$ and we deno... |
1,116,691,498,524 | arxiv | \section{Annotation Interface}
In this section, we show the interface and instructions for engagement
annotation on Amazon Mechanical Turk. We include the full instructions and
annotation interface details in order to help reviewers evaluate the care with
which we collected the ground truth annotations.
\begin{figur... |
1,116,691,498,525 | arxiv |
\section{Distributed Gradient Computations for the Localizability Potentials}
\label{sec:gradients}
In order to implement the gradient descent scheme \eqref{eq:descent_per_agent},
in Section \ref{section: gradient FIM} we provide analytical forms for
the gradients of the localizability potentials \eqref{eq:pot:A}, \... |
1,116,691,498,526 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}}
Understanding and controlling mechanical stability is important
to fields ranging from structural engineering to granular
materials and glasses. We do not want buildings or bridges to
fail, and we want to be able to manage the elastic response of
materials of everyday life. Th... |
1,116,691,498,527 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The purpose of this paper is two fold: First we shall give elementary
construction of bilinear invariant differential operators
on smoothly induced
principal series representations of the Lorentz group
$SO_0(n, 1)$, and second we shall prove the boundedness
of the operators on complementary ... |
1,116,691,498,528 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
The deterministic SIR models are usually investigated through ordinary differential equations for prediction \cite{howard}. It can also be viewed in a stochastic framework, which is more realistic but also more complicated to analyze.\\
In population dynamics, the deterministic mode... |
1,116,691,498,529 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction and Related Work}
\label{sec:introduction}
The Multi-Agent Path-Finding (MAPF) problem is a special and important type of the more general Multi-Agent Planning (MAP) problem \cite{torreno2017}.
In MAPF \cite{stern2019}, the task is to find paths for each agent in a group, from a start to a... |
1,116,691,498,530 | arxiv | \section*{References}
|
1,116,691,498,531 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Mixture models are widely recognized as a useful tool for inference in a variety of settings.
Having been first used over 100 years ago \citep[for example, in][]{pearson1894}, more recently mixture models are enjoying a revival, thanks to advances in computational methods for inference. In partic... |
1,116,691,498,532 | arxiv | \section{The triangulation algorithm}
\begin{defn}[{Computable ring \cite[Subsection~1.2]{BR}}]\label{compdef}
A left and right noetherian ring is called \textbf{computable} if there exists an algorithm which solves one sided inhomogeneous linear systems $XA=B$ and $AX=B$, where $A$ and $B$ are matrices with entries... |
1,116,691,498,533 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Robust statistics methods arise in a wide range of applications; in particular, the words ``robust'' and ``robustness'' frequently appear in the context of image and signal processing. Filters based on robust statistics such as the median filter, provide basic mechanisms in imag... |
1,116,691,498,534 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}[b]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=.8\columnwidth]{Architecture.pdf}
\caption{Overall architecture of the proposed system}\label{fig:overallArchitecture}
\end{figure}
The term fourth industrial revolution, often abbreviated to Industry 4.0, is used to refer to the current trend... |
1,116,691,498,535 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Discrete time Markov chains ({\textnormal{MC}}s for short) are a standard
probabilistic modeling formalism that has been extensively used
in the litterature
to reason about software~\cite{whittaker1994markov} and real-life
systems~\cite{Husmeier2010}. However, when modeling real-life systems, ... |
1,116,691,498,536 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the most important recent results of the observational
cosmology is the conclusion that the Universe is speeding up
rather than slowing down. The combined analysis of the type Ia
supernovae, galaxy clusters measurements and WMAP (Wilkinson
Microwave Anisotropy Probe) data gives strong evid... |
1,116,691,498,537 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Low rank tensor completion is a well-studied problem and has various applications in the fields of recommendation systems \cite{Symeonidis2008}, link-prediction \cite{Ermis2015}, compressed sensing \cite{Cichocki2015}, to name a few. Majority of the previous works focus on solvi... |
1,116,691,498,538 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The general purpose of this paper is to study non-compact quantum spaces in the C*-algebraic framework.
Usually quantum spaces arising in Quantum Group Theory are given by generators and relations.
The (*-)algebra obtained in this way can then be viewed as the coordinate ring of polynomial fun... |
1,116,691,498,539 | arxiv |
\section{Review of Anisotropic Viscosity}
In this section we give a more general review of the anisotropic Hall viscosity, summarizing the setup of Ref.~\cite{rao2019hall}. Without any rotational symmetry and in the absence of time reversal symmetry, the Hall viscosity tensor is generically expressed in terms of six c... |
1,116,691,498,540 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
In the field of human computer interaction, an important metric is the delay between human action and computer reaction.
Quoting Jakob Nielsen \cite{nielsen1994usability,nielsenusabilitysite1993}:
\begin{itemize}
\item 0.1 seconds is about the limit for having the u... |
1,116,691,498,541 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Massive imaging and spectroscopic surveys have played an essential role in improving our understanding
of the statistical properties of a wide variety of celestial objects, such as solar system bodies, stars,
galaxies, and active galactic nuclei (AGN). Surveys are also crucial for modern, hig... |
1,116,691,498,542 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Neural networks (NNs) have achieved state-of-the-art results
in a wide variety of supervised learning tasks,
such as image recognition~\citep{krizhevsky2012imagenet,Simonyan14c,russakovsky2015imagenet},
speech recognition~\citep{seide2011conversational,hinton2012deep,dahl2012context}
and mach... |
1,116,691,498,543 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and conclusion}
{\bf Background:}
Horowitz {\it et al.} \cite{PRC.63.025501} proposed a direct measurement
for neutron skin $r_{\rm skin}$.
The measurement consists of parity-violating weak scattering and
elastic electron scattering.
The neutron radius $r_n$ is determined from the former expe... |
1,116,691,498,544 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In the last decade, the use of renewable energy sources is soaring and
is creating new challenges in the field of microgrid control. These important
structural changes of the power grid call for novel approaches that
must appropriately take into account the stochastic nature of ... |
1,116,691,498,545 | arxiv | \section{Extended empirical evaluation}
\label{app:experiments}
In our exploration of the MLI property, we performed many additional experiments. Generally, we found that turning common knobs of neural network training did not have a significant impact on networks satisfying the MLI property. For example, varying acti... |
1,116,691,498,546 | arxiv | \section{Discussion and Conclusion}
In this paper we have extended a variational approach in order to
study the polaronic ground-state features of a one dimensional
$el-ph$ model with coupling to local and $nn$ lattice
displacements. Many physical quantities such as the ground state
energy and spectral weight, the aver... |
1,116,691,498,547 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Computed tomography (CT) is commonly used in orthopedic procedures.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used along with CT to identify muscle structures and diagnose osteonecrosis due to its superior soft tissue contrast \cite{cvitanic2004mri}.
However, MRI has poor contrast for bone structures... |
1,116,691,498,548 | arxiv | \section{Supplemental material}
\begin{figure*}[t]
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{supp1.pdf}
\caption{Diffraction patterns from the bosons at $T/T_c=0.25$ and $\tilde{g} = 0.0217$. The intensity is normalized to 1 and in log scale.}
\label{fig:sup_diffs}
\end{figure*}
\myparagraph{Superfluidity and Bose-Einstei... |
1,116,691,498,549 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The classical congruence subgroup problem (CSP) asks for, say, $G=SL_{n}\left(\mathbb{Z}\right)$
or $G=GL_{n}\left(\mathbb{Z}\right)$, whether every finite index
subgroup of $G$ contains a principal congruence subgroup, i.e. a
subgroup of the form $G\left(m\right)=\ker\left(G\to GL_{n}\left... |
1,116,691,498,550 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Efficient and natural human communication relies on implicit shared knowledge and underlying reasoning processes. Despite rapid progress in language-enabled AI agents for tasks like question answering and more, state-of-the-art systems still struggle to explain their decisions in natural languag... |
1,116,691,498,551 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main result}
This paper is concerned with estimates on moments of negative eigenvalues of Schr\"odinger operators $ (-\Delta)^s -\mathcal C_{s,d} |x|^{-2s} - V$ in $L_2(\mathbb{R}^d)$ in terms of integrals of the potential $V$. Here
\begin{equation} \label{eq:csd}
\mathcal C_{s,d} := 2^... |
1,116,691,498,552 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Phenomenology at the LHC often involves high multiplicity final
states. For example, backgrounds to Higgs searches involve processes
such as $PP\rightarrow W^+W^- + 2~\mbox{jets}$ and $PP\rightarrow
t\bar{t}\ +\ b\bar{b}$. Both these examples involve $2\rightarrow 4$
scatterings. At leading orde... |
1,116,691,498,553 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the main goals of the LHC is the identification of the mechanism
of electroweak symmetry breaking. The most frequently investigated
models are the Higgs mechanism within the Standard
Model (SM) and within the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
(MSSM)~\cite{mssm}. Contrary to the case ... |
1,116,691,498,554 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}}
Ultracold molecules and in particular ultracold polar molecules are at the forefront of precision spectroscopy, sensing, controlled studies of chemical reactions,
quantum many-body physics, and quantum computing\cite{Carr_Review2009,OspelkausExpKKRb2010,bala2018,PerreaultScience2017,Rvachov201... |
1,116,691,498,555 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{xxsec1}
Let $\mathcal{A}$ be an associative algebra over a field
$\mathbb{F}$. A linear mapping $\tau:
\mathcal{A}\longrightarrow \mathcal{A}$ is called a
\textit{derivation} if $\tau(AB)=\tau(A)B+A\tau(B)$ for all $A, B\in
\mathcal{A}$. Recall that a linear
mapping $g: \mathcal{A... |
1,116,691,498,556 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
With the discovery of the missing piece, the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)~\cite{Chatrchyan:2012xdj, Aad:2012tfa} at CERN the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics
has been turned into a complete theory. From the last several decades it has been a well known fact t... |
1,116,691,498,557 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Every now and then we are faced with field theories containing a charged sector interacting with monopole-like defects. The most remarkable example is associated with the scenario of dual superconductivity for confinement in $SU(N)$ Yang-Mills theories \cite{N}-\cite{hooft1}, \cite{cp}-\cite{KLS... |
1,116,691,498,558 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
In AI in general and in data mining in particular, there is an increasing interest in developing general methods for data analysis. In order to be useful, such methods should be easy to extend with domain-specific knowledge.
In pattern mining, the frequent sequence mining probl... |
1,116,691,498,559 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Our present day theoretical framework of the Universe is the general theory of relativity (GTR; with a final piece in \cite{Ein15}), celebrating 100 years of its existence. GTR can, at an appropriate limit, be well substituted with Newtonian gravity since it was constructed for this, thus at som... |
1,116,691,498,560 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Controllable text generation is a challenging task in natural language generation, which aims to generate fluent text with desired attributes.
Pilot studies attempt single-aspect control by directly finetuning a conditional model \cite{ziegler2019finetuning, keskarCTRL2019}, or turn to methods wi... |
1,116,691,498,561 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the availability of high-intensity radioactive beams at many
facilities as well as a number of next generation beam facilities
being constructed or being planned \cite{rib1,rib2}, the studies
on the role of isospin degree of freedom have recently attracted a
lot of attention in both nuc... |
1,116,691,498,562 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}}
\IEEEPARstart{D}{eep} neural networks (DNNs) have grown into the mainstream tools in many fields, thus, their vulnerability has attracted much attention in the recent years. An obvious example is the existence of adversarial samples \cite{akhtar2018threat}, which are quite si... |
1,116,691,498,563 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Microstructure significantly influences the physical properties of metallic and ceramic materials \cite{dillon2016importance}. Many efforts have been made to develop mathematical descriptions of the spatial and temporal evolution of polycrystalline microstructures at el... |
1,116,691,498,564 | arxiv | \section{Point modules over the $W$-algebra}
\setcounter{equation}{0} \vspace*{1pt}\par We first recall a main
result about the weight Virasoro-module in [MZ]:
\begin{theo} Let $V$ be an irreducible weight
Virasoro-module. Assume that there exists $\lambda\in \mathbb{C}$, such
that ${\rm dim\,}V_\lambda=\infty$. Then ... |
1,116,691,498,565 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The asymptotic symmetry group of asymptotically-flat spacetimes,
the BMS group and its associated charges, has encountered somewhat of a
resurgence in interest recently, whether in the context of flat space holography \cite{BarnichAspects, Barnich:2013axa}, its relation to the Weinberg soft th... |
1,116,691,498,566 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A Ranque-Hilsch tube is a mechanical device that, without any moving components, separates a stream of gas into a hot and a cold components.
Air at $T_{in} = 17.5^{\circ} C $ and a high pressure of 5.72 atm. enters tangentially at a cross section of the tube Figure 1.
In our configuration the h... |
1,116,691,498,567 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Several years ago, multiple M2 brane actions were proposed
\cite{Bagger:2006sk}\cite{Gustavsson:2007vu}\cite{Aharony:2008ug}.
A system of multiple M2 branes can be polarized into a single M5 brane through
the dielectric-type effect \cite{Emparan:1997rt}\cite{Myers:1999ps}\cite{Constable:1999ac}... |
1,116,691,498,568 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}[!t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{fig1-eps-converted-to.pdf}
\caption{An example of P-A INS. The topic (query) is ``Max is holding phone''. Person INS branch searches video shots concerning the target person, and action INS branch searches video shots about th... |
1,116,691,498,569 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The control of quantum mechanical systems is continuously gaining
interest in recent years \cite{Ladd2010,DiVincenzo2011,Simon2011,Aspuru-Guzik2012,Blatt2012,Bloch2012,Houck2012,Schulz2012},
mainly triggered by the pursuit of quantum information processing
and quantum simulations, which both hav... |
1,116,691,498,570 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As the simplest model for cooperative communications, relay channel
has attracted plenty of attention since 1971, when it was first
introduced by van der Meulen \cite{Van_Der_Meulen:1971}. In 1979,
Cover and El Gamal proposed two major coding schemes for the relay
channel \cite{Cover:1979}. These... |
1,116,691,498,571 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Decentralized Finance (DeFi) refers to a composable and trust-minimized protocol stack that is built on public Blockchain networks and uses smart contracts to create a large variety of publicly accessible and interoperable financial services. In contrast to traditional financial infrastructure, ... |
1,116,691,498,572 | arxiv | \section*{Methods}
\subsection*{Experimental Methods}
The nanodevices were illuminated by a few-cycle, supercontinuum-based \supercite{Sell2009}, CEP-stablilized fiber laser source \supercite{Putnam2019}.
The source has a central wavelength of $\sim$1170~nm, with a pulse duration of $\sim$10~fs FWHM ($\sim$2.5 cycles),... |
1,116,691,498,573 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Higgsless models of electroweak symmetry breaking \cite{Csaki:2003dt}
may be viewed
as ``dual" to more conventional technicolor models
\cite{Weinberg:1979bn,Susskind:1978ms} and, as such, provide a basis for constructing low-energy effective theories
to investigate the phenomenology of a stro... |
1,116,691,498,574 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is estimated that around 13.2 billion Internet of Things (IoT) devices are already connected to the mobile networks till November 2022 and the number will increase to approximately 35 billion by 2028 \cite{Ericsson_MR}. As the number of IoT devices connected to the mobile networks are rapidly... |
1,116,691,498,575 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The fast development of digital image processing technology, advancement of image editing tools like and the omnipresence of the digital camera, makes it quite easy to edit and tamper digital images. These tampering and editing images looks so natural that humans often cannot tell whether image i... |
1,116,691,498,576 | arxiv | \section{Oddness and resistance}
Cubic graphs naturally fall into two classes depending on
whether they do or do not admit a $3$-edge-colouring.
Besides the trivial family of graphs with bridges, which are trivially uncolourable, there are many examples of $2$-edge-connected cubic graphs that do not admit a $3$-edge-c... |
1,116,691,498,577 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Scalar viscous balance laws in one space dimension are equations of the form
\begin{equation}
\label{VBL}
u_t + f(u)_x = u_{xx} + g(u),
\end{equation}
where $u = u(x,t) \in \mathbb{R}$ is a scalar unknown, $x \in \mathbb{R}$ and $t > 0$ denote the space and time variables, respectively, and $f =... |
1,116,691,498,578 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Spin-transfer torques in magnetic devices, i.e., the transfer of angular momentum leveraged by itinerant electrons to the magnetization dynamics,\cite{Berger,Slonczewski} enable the electrical control of the latter\cite{exp1,exp2,exp4,exp3} and are of interest for diverse technological applicati... |
1,116,691,498,579 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\protect\footnote{Keywords: Hopf structure, permutations, supercharacters, categorification}}
The categorification of the Hopf algebra of symmetric functions $\mathrm{Sym}$ by the representation theory of the symmetric group is a foundational result in combinatorial representation theory. There a... |
1,116,691,498,580 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The stunning discovery of the 125 GeV Higgs-like particle at the Large Hadron Collider~\cite{:2012gk,:2012gu}
does not exclude new physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) in the framework
of some new strongly-interacting gauge
theory with a composite Higgs mechanism, an idea which was outside e... |
1,116,691,498,581 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
High-resolution satellite imagery opens new possibilities for the extraction of linear features such as roads \cite{wang2016review}. The advantages of this data compared to aerial imagery are the almost worldwide availability, and sometimes the imagery data contains additional spectral channels. ... |
1,116,691,498,582 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Semiclassical approach of quantum gravity theory is known as quantum
matter
field theory propagated on a curved space-time,
in which a classically treated curved space-time is perturbed by
a suitable quantum matter field \citep{Bir82}.
A fundamental problem in this version of the qua... |
1,116,691,498,583 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Exotic 4- and 5-quark particles}
In 1964, Gell-Mann and Zweig theorized that mesons were formed by quark-antiquark pairs and baryons by three quarks. Both theories also allowed for mesons consisting of two quarks and two antiquarks and baryons consisting of four quarks plus an ant... |
1,116,691,498,584 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{se:int}
This paper presents two-sided estimates for the value of the cost functional (assuming
that the state equation can not be solved exactly) and shows how they can be used
to generate estimates for a certain error quantity
(cf. (\ref{eq:errdef}) and Theorem \ref{th:gen:mikh}).
In t... |
1,116,691,498,585 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
After standard recombination at $z \simeq 1100$, the universe is
considered to be reionized at some redshift $z \gtrsim 5$ from the
negative results of Gunn-Peterson experiments in quasar spectra.
It has been pointed out that first stars can play an important role in
the reionization of the unive... |
1,116,691,498,586 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\setcounter{theo}{0}
In this paper, we consider the weak hypocoercivity issue for the kinetic Fokker-Planck (KFP for short) equation
\smallskip
\begin{equation}\label{1}
\partial_t f ={\mathcal L} f := -v \cdot \nabla_x f +\nabla_x V(x) \cdot \nabla_v f +\D... |
1,116,691,498,587 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the most studied semi-classical approaches is the cosmological particle creation (c.p.c.) in which one considers only the interaction of free particles, seen as quantum perturbations, with the gravity of a time-dependent curved background whose evolution remains unaffected by this interac... |
1,116,691,498,588 | arxiv | \section*{This is an unnumbered first-level section head}
\section{\bf Introduction} \label{secintro}
The present paper is devoted to the study of interior and boundary $L^q$-integrability for the gradient of weak solutions to time independent quasi-linear equations of the $p$-Schr\"odinger type
\begin{equat... |
1,116,691,498,589 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
In their paper \cite{MOY}, Murakami, Ohtsuki, and Yamada gave an interpretation of the quantum $\mathfrak{sl}(N)$ invariant of a knot or link via a state sum model. This is a generalization of the case $N=2$ which is Kauffman's interpretation of the Jones polynomial via the Kauffman bracket. In... |
1,116,691,498,590 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
This paper deals with what we have come to refer to as \emph{reconstruction theorems}.
By this we mean a procedure that associates to a theory $T$ (possibly under some hypotheses) a topological group-like object that is a complete bi-interpretation invariant for $T$.
In other words, if $T'$ is ... |
1,116,691,498,591 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Epidemic diffusion on complex networks \cite{newman2003structure,pastor2014epidemic,boccaletti2006complex} is a general paradigm to describe a large variety of real world outbreaks of infections, ranging from the strictly
biological case to malware diffusion as well as opinion propagation \cit... |
1,116,691,498,592 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The time-dependence of a background metric, caused by the motion of a gravitational system, usually exerts a correctional effect on the propagation of an electromagnetic signal or celestial body. This kind of kinematical effect, which is called ``velocity effect" or ``motion effect", has been inv... |
1,116,691,498,593 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
ATLAS and CMS collaborations recently announced a small enhancement over smooth
background of two photon events with invariant mass
750~GeV~\cite{atlas-750gg,cms-750gg}. Though statistical significance of this
enhancement is not large (within 3 standard deviations), it induced a whole
bunch of t... |
1,116,691,498,594 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In recent years, anomalous microwave emission~(AME) has been established as a new Galactic emission mechanism. Identified as an excess of emission between~$\sim$~10~--~100~GHz, AME detections require observations at frequencies both above and below this range to determine the l... |
1,116,691,498,595 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Full-disc photographs of the Sun in the resonance K line of the singly-ionized calcium, Ca II, at 3933.67 \,\AA~ were first obtained in the early 1890's by Henri Alexandre Deslandres and George Ellery Hale \citep{hale_solar_1893} with the spectroheliographs developed at the Paris and Kenwood obse... |
1,116,691,498,596 | arxiv | \section*{Discovery and follow-up of iPTF\,14gqr}
iPTF\,14gqr was discovered by the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF; \cite{Cao2016, Masci2017}) on 2014 October 14.18 UT (Coordinated Universal Time) at a $g$-band optical magnitude of $\approx 20.2$ mag. The source was not detected in the previous observati... |
1,116,691,498,597 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The theory of classifying spaces for principal bundles has a long history
in topology~\cite{Mi,Se,St}
and its importance is well-established.
In this paper, we develop the analogous theory for spaces with a smooth structure.
In brief, given a smooth group $G$, we put a smooth structure on $EG$ a... |
1,116,691,498,598 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this article, we are interested in variational Bayes (VB), which is widely used as a computationally effective method for approximating the posterior distribution of a Bayesian problem. Let $y^*$ be the observed data and $\theta\in\mathbb{R}^p$ be the parameter of interest. The posterior distr... |
1,116,691,498,599 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The fast and reliable discrimination of chaotic and ordered orbits
of conservative dynamical systems is of crucial interest in many
problems of nonlinear science. By the term conservative we
characterize here systems which preserve phase space volume (or some
other positive function of the phase... |
1,116,691,498,600 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Main results}
This paper is the follow-up of \cite{Two-Green-interior}, in which we proved the existence of {the} two-curve Green's function for $2$-SLE$_\kappa$ at an interior point, and obtained the formula for the Green's function up to a multiplicative constant. In the present p... |
1,116,691,498,601 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
A {\em polygon} on a connected compact oriented surface $S$ with boundary is an embedded (closed) disc bounded by a sequence of properly embedded arcs $P_1 P_2, P_2 P_3, \ldots, P_{m-1} P_m, P_m P_1$, where $P_1, P_2, \ldots, P_m \in \partial S$. The points $P_1, \ldots, P_m$ a... |
1,116,691,498,602 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The problem of testing for independence between two random variables
with unspecified densities has been among the very first
applications of rank-based methods in statistical inference.
Spearman's correlation coefficient was proposed in the early 1900s \citep{Spearman1904}, and Kendall's ra... |
1,116,691,498,603 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Hickson compact groups \citep[HCGs,][]{Hickson1982} of galaxies are systems characterised by a high local density while being located in low density environments when viewed at larger scales. This high density combined with low velocity dispersions \citep{Hickson+1992} in many cases leads them t... |
1,116,691,498,604 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We address the challenge of designing a realistic model of complex networks while preserving its analytic tractability. The model should include the essential structural properties of real networks, and the theoretical framework should guarantee easy access to quantitative calculations. For the ... |
1,116,691,498,605 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Heat conduction in molecular junctions\cite{Segal2016arpc}
has become a subject of increasing interests as a sub-field
of nanoscale energy dissipation and transport over the last decade\cite{Pop2010},
driven by technological considerations of both stability and functionality
of envisioned mo... |
1,116,691,498,606 | arxiv | \section{Joule heat}
To calculate the rate of energy dissipation in the
two level system with a given momentum value ${\bf p}$,
\begin{eqnarray}
\dot {\cal E}_{\bf p}&=&-vp \frac{\partial}{\partial t} \left(|b_{\bf p}(t)|^2-|a_{\bf p}(t)|^2\right)\nonumber\\
&&= -2vp ~ \text{Re} \left(b^*_{\bf p} \frac{\partial b_{\b... |
1,116,691,498,607 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and statement of the main results}
Crossed product $C^*$-algebras are among the most important and most studied classes of $C^*$-algebras. They provide deep connections between theories of $C^*$-algebras and dynamical systems. The problem of simplicity of reduced crossed product $C^*$-algebras, ... |
1,116,691,498,608 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
Exoplanetary system architectures have revealed numerous surprises
since the first exoplanets were discovered. One of the earliest
surprises was the discovery of exoplanets in highly eccentric orbits,
for which there is no analog in the Solar System. These eccentric
orbits w... |
1,116,691,498,609 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we consider the problem of prescribed Weingarten
curvatures for closed, star-shaped hypersurfaces in the warped product
manifold.
Let $(M,g')$ be a compact Riemannian manifold and $I$ be an open interval in $\mathbb{R}$. The warped product manifold $\overline{M}=I\times_{\la... |
1,116,691,498,610 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The magnetized plasma modes, like lower hybrid (LH) and other modes
(e.g. electron and ion cyclotron modes) have found an important place in the context of magnetic confinement fusion studies. They are traditionally employed for the purpose of current drive and heating of fusion plasma in... |
1,116,691,498,611 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s:intro}
On a monoid $\mathscr{M}$ (=semigroup with unit $1_{\mathscr{M}}$) there is naturally defined a
reflexive and transitive relation ``$\preceq$'', i.e., for $\omega,\tau\in\mathscr{M}$ one defines
$\omega\preceq\tau$
if, and only if, there exists $\sigma\in\mathscr{M}$ satisfyi... |
1,116,691,498,612 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Stellar winds have profound implications for the evolution of massive stars, on the chemical evolution of the Universe and as a source of energy and momentum in the interstellar medium.
Indirect measures of the structure of massive-star winds are possible in X-ray binaries through the analysis o... |
1,116,691,498,613 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The primordial power spectrum of density fluctuations underpins much of modern cosmology. On large scales, it
has been measured with high precision by cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments (e.g. \citealt{WMAP7} and references within).
In order to improve
our knowledge of its scale-depe... |
1,116,691,498,614 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This work is framed into the study of multisummable formal solutions of certain family of PDEs. Multisummability of formal solutions of functional equations is observed in recent studies made by some research groups in different directions, and a growing interest has been observed in the scient... |
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