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1,116,691,498,715
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The nature of the first supermassive black holes (SMBHs), powering the most luminous quasars observed at $z\sim 6$, is still far from being understood. These actively accreting BHs of $10^9-10^{10}$ M$_\odot$ must have formed and grown in less than 1 Gyr. The Eddington luminosity $L_{\rm Edd}$, ...
1,116,691,498,716
arxiv
\section{Introduction} {High-quality measurements of} stellar oscillation frequencies of {thousands} of solar-like stars are now available from the NASA space mission $Kepler$, and from the French satellite mission CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits). In order to exploit these data for probing stella...
1,116,691,498,717
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction} Supergravity branes have played a role of outermost importance in String Theory since they were discovered to be the macroscopic counterparts of many String Theory microscopic extended objects, during the second String Revolution \cite{Polchinski:1995mt}. However, strictly speak...
1,116,691,498,718
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Collective behaviours often emerge in systems constituted by individuals capable of motion and of interaction with their environment (active particles) \cite{bechinger2016active}. While the ensuing complex behaviours seem to pose a daunting task for our understanding, their defining characterist...
1,116,691,498,719
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} Let $X$ be a \linedef{cubic fourfold}, i.e., a smooth cubic hypersurface $X \subset \mathbb{P}^5$ over the complex numbers. Determining the rationality of $X$ is a classical question in algebraic geometry. Some classes of rational cubic fourfolds have been described by...
1,116,691,498,720
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The resonant tunneling of electromagnetic waves through different types of optical barriers is a fast developing area of optical physics. This effect was first considered for photonic crystals,\cite {Yablonovitch2,photonic} where forbidden band-gaps in the electromagnetic spectrum form optical b...
1,116,691,498,721
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sect:intro} Radially pulsating stars like Cepheids, RR Lyrae or Miras stars are important distance indicators in the local universe. The presence of such a variable star in an eclipsing binary system serves as a unique opportunity to derive fundamental astrophysical parameters of the pu...
1,116,691,498,722
arxiv
\section{#1}} \renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}} \usepackage{bm} \textheight=220truemm \textwidth=160truemm \topmargin -.5in \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0truemm} \setlength{\evensidemargin}{0truemm} \setlength\arraycolsep{2pt} \setcounter{topnumber}{8} \font\small=cmr10 scaled \magstep0 \font\s...
1,116,691,498,723
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sect_introduction} The great potential of asteroseismology to address some unresolved issues in stellar physics and even, as was discussed during this meeting, to study the stellar populations making up our Galaxy cannot be overstated. Yet these expectations cannot be completely met if som...
1,116,691,498,724
arxiv
\section{Causal cone of DMERA and sequentially generated states}\label{sec:causalcone} In this section, we review the constructions for the examples considered in the main article, analyse the growth of the past causal cone and the corresponding implications for the scaling of the error of noisy implementations. \sub...
1,116,691,498,725
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} Cells are the basic units of living organisms. Despite the diversity of cellular types, they share similar structures. Biological cells are composed of a number of polymers, proteins, and lipids, which form stable structures such as the lipid membrane. At the same time, c...
1,116,691,498,726
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} This work was supported in part by Telekom Malaysia R\&D Grant under Project 2beAware ((MMUE/140098), MOHE Grant FRGS/1/2016/ICT02/MMU/02/2, Multimedia University and University of Malaya. \fi \section*{References} \section{Introduction} Facial expression is one of the popular nonverbal c...
1,116,691,498,727
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{The Einstein-Euler system} In this paper, we consider the Einstein-relativistic Euler equations \begin{subequations}\label{Ein-PF} \begin{align} \text{Ric}[\gb]_{\mu\nu}-\frac12\gb_{\mu\nu}\text{R}[\gb]&=\Tb_{\mu\nu},\label{Ein} \\\label{rel-Eul} \nablab_\mu \Tb^{\mu\nu}&=0,\\ \T...
1,116,691,498,728
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:int} \astrobj{7 Aql} (HD~174532, SAO~142696, HIP~92501) was discovered to be a pulsating star of $\delta$ Scuti type by \cite{garrido1} in a search of new variables in preparation for the COROT mission. Its multiperiodic nature was established by \cite{fox1} who detected six oscillat...
1,116,691,498,729
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Compressive sensing is a powerful signal acquisition approach with which one can recover signals beyond bandlimitedness from noisy under-determined measurements whose number is closer to the intrinsic complexity of the target signals than the Nyquist rate \cite{CandesRombergTao:2006,Donoho:2...
1,116,691,498,730
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} In this paper we study the mass loss and the mass history of star clusters in a tidal field, based on a grid of $N$-body simulations. The purpose of this study is three-fold: (a) to understand and quantitatively describe the different effects that are responsible for mass loss, (b)...
1,116,691,498,731
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This short example shows a contrived example on how to format the authors' information for {\it IJCAI--21 Proceedings}. \section{Author names} Each author name must be followed by: \begin{itemize} \item A newline {\tt \textbackslash{}\textbackslash{}} command for the last author. \item...
1,116,691,498,732
arxiv
\section{#1} \setcounter{equation}{0}} \newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section] \newtheorem{corollary}[theorem]{Corollary} \newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma} \newtheorem{proposition}[theorem]{Proposition} \theoremstyle{definition} \newtheorem{remark}[theorem]{Remark} \theoremstyle{definition} \newtheorem{definition}[th...
1,116,691,498,733
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction} MDS matrices, especially over finite fields of characteristic two, are widely used in cryptography for constructing block ciphers due to its diffusion properties. For an extensive survey, we consult Gupta et. al. \cite{gupta}. Two of many criteria of a good MDS matrix are bein...
1,116,691,498,734
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In simulations of traffic systems, cellular automata (CA) are a common tool \cite{rev1,rev2,rev4,rev3}. A cellular automaton consists a structure of cells, a set of cell states and the rule of time evolution which transfers a state of a cell with its neighborhood to the state of this cell in th...
1,116,691,498,735
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} Structural segmentation of concert audio recordings is very useful in music retrieval tasks such as navigation and automatic summarization. It is particularly strongly indicated for Indian classical music where concerts can extend for hours, and commercial audio recordings...
1,116,691,498,736
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation grant No. 10874142, 90921010, and the National Fundamental Research Program of China through Grant No. 2010CB92304, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities No. SWJTU09CX078.
1,116,691,498,737
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \input{sections/introduction.tex} \section{Background} \input{sections/background.tex} \section{Methods} \input{sections/methods.tex} \section{Experiments} \input{sections/experiments.tex} \section{Conclusion} \input{sections/discussion.tex} \input{sections/acknowledgments.tex}...
1,116,691,498,738
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Drones or small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming a promising solution for a wide range of civilian applications such as disaster recovery, traffic monitoring, and surveillance. Due to their high degree of freedom, and the ability to move autonomously to any hard-to-...
1,116,691,498,739
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The precision of lattice QCD computations of leptonic and semileptonic decay amplitudes has now reached the sub-percent level\,\cite{Aoki:2019cca}. This implies that isospin-breaking effects, including electromagnetism, must be included for further progress to be made in the determination of th...
1,116,691,498,740
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider the unconstrained minimization problem \begin{align}\label{eq:min-f} \underset{\boldsymbol x\in\reals^d}{\text{minimize}}\ f(\boldsymbol x), \end{align} using the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm. Initialized at $\boldsymbol x_0 \in\reals^d$, the SGD algorithm is given ...
1,116,691,498,741
arxiv
\section{Errors for increasing reliabilities} \label{app:percentile-errors} \setcounter{figure}{13} \setcounter{equation}{26} Fig.~\ref{fig:all-percentile-sojourn-errors} shows the error for the best approximation A-F from the 99\textsuperscript{th} up to the 99.999\textsuperscript{th} percentile of the sojo...
1,116,691,498,742
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent years have witnessed a remarkable convergence of two broad trends. The first of these concerns information i.e.\ data -- rapid technological advances coupled with an increased presence of computing in nearly every aspect of daily life, have for the first time made it possible to acquire an...
1,116,691,498,743
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Machine Learning (ML) systems are increasingly being used to support high stakes public policy decisions, in areas such as criminal justice, education, healthcare, and social services \cite{Potash2020, Ye2019, Rodolfa2020, Bauman2018, Caruana2015}. As users of these systems have grown beyond ML ...
1,116,691,498,744
arxiv
\subsection{Algorithm for Acyclic Networks}\label{sec:algAcyclic} \subsubsection{Code Generation and Data Encoding} initially, all local and global encoding kernels are set to 0. At time $t$, the $(t+1)$-th coefficient $k_{e',e,t}$ of the local encoding kernel $k_{e',e}(z)$ is chosen uniformly randomly from $\mathbb{...
1,116,691,498,745
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Social networks take the form of a graph consisting a set of nodes and edges. Typically, the nodes represent persons or organizations, and each edge is a measure of the relation between a pair of nodes. For example, in the citation network of Statisticians \cite{ji2014coauthorship}, a (directed) ...
1,116,691,498,746
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As the oldest readily identifiable stellar systems in the universe, globular clusters (GCs) are important tracers of the formation and early evolution of galaxies, the Milky Way (MW) included. Noting the apparent lack of a metallicity gradient among remote Galactic GCs, Searle \& Zinn (1978) ...
1,116,691,498,747
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution is directly linked to understanding the physical properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies \citep{Kennicutt1998, Leroy2008, Hopkins2012, Magdis2012, Scoville2016}. Dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs), with star-formation rates in...
1,116,691,498,748
arxiv
\section*{\refname} \def\@biblabel##1{##1.} \small \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}% {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}% \leftmargin\labelwidth \advance\leftmargin\labelsep \if@openbib \advance\leftmargin\bibindent ...
1,116,691,498,749
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Population games are introduced as a framework to model population behaviors and study strategic interactions in populations by extending finite player games \cite{nash1950equilibrium, sigmund1999evolutionary, von2007theory}. It has fundamental impact on game theory related to social networks, ev...
1,116,691,498,750
arxiv
\section[Supplementary material]{Appendix: Calculation of decay rate and momentum change integrals} \setcounter{equation}{0} \setcounter{section}{1} In equs.~(11) and~(12) we show that the decay rate and the change in momentum of an excited atom with initial momentum~$\mathbf{p}_0$ are given by \begin{gather} \Gamma =...
1,116,691,498,751
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Radio emission from the immediate vicinity of the supermassive black hole M87*\xspace\ was used to reconstruct the first-ever image of a black hole, estimate its mass, and interpret its theoretical environment by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration \citep[][hereafte...
1,116,691,498,752
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of the implications of quantum mechanics applied to multipartite correlations has brought many apparent paradoxes \cite{Schrodinger35,Einstein35} and later many useful applications in information processing\cite{Nielsen2000}, communication\cite{Bennett93}, cryptography\cite{Ekert91} an...
1,116,691,498,753
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Despite their well-known security issues, passwords are still the most popular method of end-user authentication. Guessing and offline dictionary attacks on user-generated passwords are often possible due to their limited entropy. According to Ashlee Vance~\cite{hackme}, 20\% of passwords are co...
1,116,691,498,754
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the last two years as part of our Domain Wall Fermion (DWF) physics programme we have been looking at the $K\rightarrow \pi \ell \nu_\ell$ ($K_{\ell 3}$) form factor at zero momentum transfer. Since the experimental rate for $K_{\ell 3}$ decays is proportional to $|V_{us}|^2 |f_{K\pi}^+(0)|...
1,116,691,498,755
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} The majority of stellar-mass black holes residing in low mass binary systems spend most of their lives in quiescence. This explains the empirical fact that out of tens of thousands of such systems predicted to exist throughout our Galaxy \citep[e.g.][]{Yungelson2006}, only ...
1,116,691,498,756
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec_intro} \IEEEPARstart{C}{onsensus} has been infiltrated into control and machine learning, e.g., in \textit{distributed} optimization \cite{xin2019distributed}, estimation \cite{tcns2020,ISJ_cyber}, and resource allocation \cite{gharesifard2013distributed}. \textit{Network resource al...
1,116,691,498,757
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \bold{Main result.} The first non-zero Laplace eigenvalue $\lambda_1$ of a hyperbolic surface controls the speed of mixing of geodesic flow, the error term in the Geometric Prime Number Theorem, and measures the extent to which the surface is an expander. In high genus, the best one can hope ...
1,116,691,498,758
arxiv
\section{Frenkel-Kontorova model} From a theoretical point of view, their most attractive feature is the analytical tractability afforded by their one-dimensional nature. Below we introduce the Frenkel-Kontorova model \cite{braun2004}, a versatile one-dimensional model for the treatment of crowdions and also dislocat...
1,116,691,498,759
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Symmetry plays a crucial role in many areas of mathematics and physics. Conventionally, group actions are used to model symmetries and with the advent of more general mathematical structures called quantum groups in~\cites{Drinfeld:Quantum_groups, Jimbo:Yang-baxter_eq, Wo...
1,116,691,498,760
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec-intro} Almost twenty years after supermassive black holes were discovered in a few nearby galactic nuclei, it is thought that most galaxies host a SMBH with a mass between $10^5-10^{10}\,M_\odot$~\citep{kr95,FF05,gul09}. The growth and evolution of the SMBH is intertwined with the grow...
1,116,691,498,761
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The transit origin-destination (O-D) matrix is a major input for public transit agencies to conduct scheduling and operations planning, long-term planning and design, performance analysis, and market evaluations. However, the traditional data sources for transit O-D matrices are transit on-boar...
1,116,691,498,762
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Our main object of interest will be the Feigenbaum functions which are the solutions of the Feigenbaum-Coullet-Tresser fixed point equation \cite{CT}, \cite{feig0}, \cite{feig1}: \begin{equation}\label{equ:1hp,1} \tau H^2(x) = H(\tau x). \end{equation} $H$ is assumed to be a smooth u...
1,116,691,498,763
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The stellar populations within a galaxy hold information about how that system formed and evolved. Contained within its integrated light, the abundances of various chemical elements in the atmospheres of its constituent stars provide insights into a galaxy's past. Comparing observations of galaxi...
1,116,691,498,764
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} Fast and accurate transmission of quantum states through communication or computation networks is a critical objective for quantum technologies~\cite{bennett_quantum_2000,divincenzo_physical_2000,kimble_quantum_2008}. Proposed schemes to achieve this goal consider engineered cou...
1,116,691,498,765
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Entity linking (EL) fulfils a key role in grounded language understanding: Given an ungrounded entity mention in text, the task is to identify the entity’s corresponding entry in a Knowledge Base (KB). In particular, EL provides grounding for applications like Question Answering \citep{fevry2020e...
1,116,691,498,766
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Result and background} In the Steiner forest problem, we are given a set of $n$ pairs of {\em terminals} $\{(t_i,t_i')\}_{i = 1}^n$. The goal is to find a minimum-cost forest $F$ such that every pair of terminals is connected by a path in $F$. We consider the problem where the t...
1,116,691,498,767
arxiv
\section{Applications} \begin{figure}[h] \centering \includegraphics[width=3.3in]{extrapolation_comparison.pdf} \caption{Comparison results of portrait extrapolation. We compare our full model with Yu et al. \cite{yu2018generative} and the model G. The results show that our method can generate plausible lower body pa...
1,116,691,498,768
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many results in Lie group theory have both an algebraic and a geometrical origin. The Weyl character formula~\cite{weyl.group} is no exception and among the many proofs of it some are purely algebraic in nature, others purely geometrical. This complementarity extends often to the case of infin...
1,116,691,498,769
arxiv
\section{Introduction and preliminaries} \label{sec1} The study of $h$-vectors of simplicial complexes is an important topic in combinatorial commutative algebra, because it determines the coefficients of the numerator of the Hilbert series of a Stanley--Reisner ring associated to a simplicial complex. We refer the re...
1,116,691,498,770
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The dynamics of social and economic systems are necessarily based on individual behaviors, by which single subjects express, either consciously or unconsciously, a particular strategy, which is heterogeneously distributed. The latter is often based not only on their own individual purposes, but...
1,116,691,498,771
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} When a high electric voltage is suddenly applied to ionisable matter like air, streamers occur as rapidly growing fingers of ionised matter that due to their shape and conductivity enhance the electric field at their heads. This allows them to penetrate into regions where the background field w...
1,116,691,498,772
arxiv
\section{Introduction.} Among the results of the loop approach to non-perturbative quantum gravity there are several which tell us that the picture of geometry on scales small as compared with our usual scales (on Planckian scales) looks quite differently from the habitual picture of Riemannian geometry. The usual...
1,116,691,498,773
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} Consider a lattice gauge theory with gauge group SU($N$) on a periodic lattice of time extent $N_t$, possibly containing matter fields and a chemical potential. If we integrate out all degrees of freedom under the constraint that Polyakov line holonomies are held fixed, th...
1,116,691,498,774
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} \label{sec:conclusion} \textbf{Summary.} In this paper, we studied the problem of reinforcement learning with demonstrations from mismatched tasks under sparse rewards. Our key insight is that, although we should not purely imitate the mismatched demonstrations, we can still get useful guidance fro...
1,116,691,498,775
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum information has disclosed a modern approach to both quantum mechanics and information theory \cite{NielsenBook}. Very recently, this field has been developed into the so-called \textquotedblleft continuous variable\textquotedblright\ setting, where information is encoded and proces...
1,116,691,498,776
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} The determination of the interest-rate term structure is one important subject of the pricing models, the risk management, the time value of money, hedge and arbitrage, \textit{et. al}. Many researches focus on the following five aspects: the formation of the term structure, th...
1,116,691,498,777
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The Language-Based Audio Retrieval task is a new form of cross modal learning \cite{Xie_2022_audio_retrieval} which aims to rank a list of audio clips according to their relevance given a query caption. These query captions \cite{drossos_clotho_2019} are descriptive natural lan...
1,116,691,498,778
arxiv
\section{Introduction : } The possibilities of an emergent universe have been studied recently in a number of papers [1-3] in which one looks for a universe which is ever-existing and large enough so that the space-time may be treated as classical entities. There is no time-like singularity. In these models, the un...
1,116,691,498,779
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \subsection{Background} We are interested in polynomials on finite cartesian products, for instance of the form $f(x,y)\in\mathbb{R}[x,y]$ on $A\times B$, with $A,B\subset \mathbb{R}$ and $|A| = |B| = n$. We will focus on the question of how small the image $f(A,B)$ can be i...
1,116,691,498,780
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The narrow-gap semiconductors BiTe$X$ ($X$ = Cl, Br, I) have attracted considerable interest because of large Rashba-type spin-orbit splittings in their bulk and surface electronic structures \cite{Ishizaka, Eremeev_PRL, Murakawa}, which have been observed by angle-resolved photoelectron spe...
1,116,691,498,781
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Networks of MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output) enabled nodes can use advanced eigen-beamforming and beamnulling techniques to enable concurrent communications and increase overall network throughput. This technique is loosely referred to as space division multiple access and several medium access c...
1,116,691,498,782
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An {\em inverse semigroup} is a semigroup $S$ together with an involution $*: S\to S$ such that for all $s\in S$ we have \[ ss^*s = s. \] and such that $s^*$ is the only element for which this equation holds. On the other hand, a {\em partial isometry} in a C*-algebra $A$ is an element $v$ s...
1,116,691,498,783
arxiv
\section{Analysis} \label{sec:ablation} \subsection{Out-of-Domain Evaluator} In the experiments in Section \ref{sec:experiment}, each evaluator of DE and DA was trained using the human evaluations of the corresponding generator responses for each of DE and DA. However, it is not practical to use human evaluations fo...
1,116,691,498,784
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} This article is adapted from Chapter 16 of \href{http://sachdev.physics.harvard.edu/qptweb/toc.html}{{\em Quantum Phase Transitions}, 2nd edition}, Cambridge University Press. It is not conventional to think of dilute quantum liquids as being in the vicinity of a quantum phase...
1,116,691,498,785
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The first mathematical study of optimal investment and consumption of an agent with intolerance for any decline in the standard of living appears in \cite{dybvig}. The constraint that the consumption process is non-decreasing, also called \textit{ratcheting of consumption}, can ...
1,116,691,498,786
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Motivation}\ \medskip \noindent If one is given a metric space it is natural to look at the metric geometry of the space at different scales. For instance, if in a non-discrete metric space we care only about small distances between points and properties that are stable under uniform...
1,116,691,498,787
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Gaussian measures on topological vector spaces are a central object of study in probability theory. The primary examples of Gaussian measures on topological vector spaces are continuous Gaussian processes realized as Gaussian measures on the space of continuous functions $\mathcal C([0,T],\mathbb...
1,116,691,498,788
arxiv
\section{} \centerline{\Large\bf Model structures, categorial quotients and } \centerline{\Large\bf representations of super commutative Hopf algebras II} \centerline{\Large\bf The case $\bf Gl(m\vert n)$} \bigskip\noindent \centerline{R.Weissauer} \goodbreak \bigskip\noindent \bigskip\noindent \section...
1,116,691,498,789
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{S-1} The topic of boundary value problems for elliptic operators in the upper half-space is a venerable subject which has received much attention throughout the years. While there is a wealth of results in which the smoothness of solutions and boundary data are measured on the scal...
1,116,691,498,790
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{The problem area.} The correct multiscale representation of manifold\discretionary{-}{}{-}\allowhyphenation valued data is a basic question whenever one wishes to eliminate the arbitrariness in choosing coordinates for such data, and to avoid artifacts caused by applying linear meth...
1,116,691,498,791
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Model-/parameter selection in statistical modelling is frequently justified from the maximum likelihood (ML) principle in combination with some measure of model quality (such as the Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), Mallows $C_p$, the $PRESS$ statistic et...
1,116,691,498,792
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $H^2_d$ be the Drury-Arveson space, that is, the reproducing kernel Hilbert space on the open unital ball in $\mathbb C^d$ with reproducing kernel \begin{equation*} K(z,w) = \frac{1}{1-\langle z,w \rangle}, \end{equation*} also known as symmetric Fock space. The coordinate fun...
1,116,691,498,793
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Self-similar solutions to systems of partial differential equations are valuable guides to complex physical problems. For instance, \cite{vonNeumann1941}, \cite{sedov1946} and \cite{1950RSPSA.201..159T} independently derived self-similar solutions for an energy-conserving...
1,116,691,498,794
arxiv
\section{The curvature} Let $M$ be a $2n$ dimensional smooth manifold endowed with the symplectic structure $\sigma.$ Let $h : M \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be a smooth function on the manifold, let $\vec h$ denote the Hamiltonian vector field associated to it, $d_z h = \sigma (\cdot,\vec h(z))$, and assume that $\vec ...
1,116,691,498,795
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} The deluge of data accumulated from sensors, social networks, computational sciences, and location-aware services calls for advanced querying and analytics that are often dependent on efficient aggregation and summarization techniques. The SQL group-by operator is one main c...
1,116,691,498,796
arxiv
\section{Supporting Information} We construct the rate equations for three fractions: 1) the untethered fraction represented by the probability $P_b(t)$, 2) the fraction of rolling colloids of age $\tau$, whose probability to be found between the ages $\tau$ and $\tau + d \tau$ is $P_r(t,\tau )\, d\tau$, and 3) the pop...
1,116,691,498,797
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nematic liquid crystals are composed of rod-like molecules characterized by average alignment of the long axes of neighboring molecules, which have simplest structures among various types of liquid crystals. The dynamic theory of nematic liquid crystals has been first proposed by Ericksen \cit...
1,116,691,498,798
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Dark matter could be a single species of particles with only gravitational interactions as in the cosmological standard model, $\Lambda$CDM. Alternatively, it might have multiple components. If there is a dominant non-interacting component then other components can have interes...
1,116,691,498,799
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Initial synchronization, or acquisition of a direct sequence (DS) signal appears to be a quite common first step that a communication receiver has to perform after switching the power on, because many wireless standards either use a DS signaling or their preamble, used for synchronization purpose...
1,116,691,498,800
arxiv
\section{} \begin{acknowledgments} We acknowledge funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement No. 604391 Graphene Flagship and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (BE 2441/9-1) and support by the Helmholtz Nano Facility (HNF)\cite{HNF} at the Forschungszentrum J\"ulich. Growth of ...
1,116,691,498,801
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec::Introduction} For the last decade, decays involving $b\to s\mu^+\mu^-$ transitions have been a focus of flavour physics community due to the substantial number of so-called ``$b$ anomalies''. These anomalies are a pattern of deviations between theoretical expectations, within the Sta...
1,116,691,498,802
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The statistics of `recurrence times', defined as the random durations of time intervals between two consequent events, is widely used to characterize systems punctuated by short-duration occurrences interspersed between quiet phases. For instance, the statistics of recurrence times between e...
1,116,691,498,803
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:int} Sample surveys are generally designed to estimate finite population parameters, such as total, mean, variance and quantiles. On the other hand, decision makers of both public and private agencies have become interested in such parameters for smaller subpopulation (small area) as...
1,116,691,498,804
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \setcounter{equation}{0} The muon $g-2$ measurements at the BNL and FermiLab experiments had a great impact on the study of particle physics. The value of the muon anomalous magnetic moment for these two combined is \cite{Bennett:2002jb,Bennett:2004pv,Bennett:2006fi,Abi:2021g...
1,116,691,498,805
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro} Introduction} Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, due to the different absorption of left {\it vs} right circularly polarized light by chiral systems, is a useful technique for characterizing chiral molecules, it can be used to identify different enantiomers, and it is also able to yield i...
1,116,691,498,806
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} To analyze a complex system, one is interested in finding a model able to explain the most about empirical data, with the fewest forms of interactions involved. Such a model should reproduce the statistics observed in the data, while making the least possible number of assumptions on the structu...
1,116,691,498,807
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} This report describes Brno University of Technology (BUT) team submissions for the ASC challenge of DCASE 2019. We proposed three different deep neural network topologies for this task. The first one is a VGG like~\cite{simonyan2014very} two-dimensional CNN network for processi...
1,116,691,498,808
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There is currently an intense interest being shown in the possible application of quantum devices to fields such as computing and information processing~\cite{Nie00}. The goal is to construct machinery which operates manifestly at the quantum level. In any successful de...
1,116,691,498,809
arxiv
\section{Introduction}~\label{sec:intro} Recent work reveals that global mobile data consumption will experience a vast increase over the next few years \cite{Hemadeh18a,Rap13a}. MmWave communication is regarded as a promising technique to support the unprecedented capacity demand because of the availability of ultra-w...
1,116,691,498,810
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} When the Galerkin weak formulation of a boundary-value problem such as the linear elastostatic problem is solved numerically, the trial and test displacements are replaced by their discrete representations using basis functions. Herein, we consider basis functions that span the...
1,116,691,498,811
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper is one of many recent studies of arithmetic quantities in short intervals in the function field setting \cite{bank2015, bank2018sums, keating2014variance, keating2016squarefree, keating2018sums, rodgers2018, rudnick2019angles}. Here we will be interested in the variance of a quantity...
1,116,691,498,812
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \label{intro} While deforming, crystalline materials change irreversibly through discrete plastic events, i.e. avalanches, originating from the collective motion of dislocations -- the topological defects of the crystal lattice \cite{papanikolaou2017avalanches}. These dislocation avalanches ex...
1,116,691,498,813
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the evolution of the next-generation Internet and the proliferation of wireless applications, the demand of network resources for data transmission, storage, and computation has been increasing rapidly. In particular, the maturity of technologies such as extended reality and digital twins a...
1,116,691,498,814
arxiv
\section{ Introduction} In this paper, we develop Schauder and bootstrapping theory for solutions to fourth order non linear elliptic equations of the following double divergence form \begin{equation} \int_{\Omega}a^{ij,kl}(D^{2}u)u_{ij}\eta_{kl}dx=0,\text{ }\forall\eta\in C_{0}^{\infty}(\Omega) \label{eq1 \end...