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1,116,691,498,815
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The recent advancement in deep learning techniques has enabled end-to-end text-to-speech (TTS) systems to achieve perceptual quality comparable to human speech~\cite{oord2016wavenet, shen2018natural, ren2019fastspeech, kons2019high}. Usually, such TTS systems are trained for a large number of ep...
1,116,691,498,816
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A probabilistic model over a discrete state space is classified as energy-based if it can be written in the form \begin{equation} \label{energy_based_model} \begin{aligned} p(\mathbf{s};\boldsymbol{\alpha}) &= \frac{e^{-E(\mathbf{s};\boldsymbol{\alpha})}}{Z(\boldsymbol{\alpha})}, \\ Z(\bolds...
1,116,691,498,817
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Random geometric graphs have been a very active area of research for some decades. The most basic model of these graphs is obtained by choosing a random set of vertices in $\mathds{R}^d$ and connecting any two vertices by an edge whenever their distance does not exceed some fixed parameter $\rho>...
1,116,691,498,818
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}} \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} \IEEEPARstart{I}{n} recent years, skyline queries receive much attention in various applications such as multi-preference analysis and decision making. In such applications, a skyline set contains the most interesting...
1,116,691,498,819
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Interest to the options market steadily grows. In general case, brokers are creating financial portfolios based on a combination of standard European call and put options, cash, and the underlying assets itself, which are not associated with an investor's goal. Sometimes this goal is simply to i...
1,116,691,498,820
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:mot} Quantum Chromodynamics predicts objects composed entirely of valence gluons, so-called {\em glueballs}. Their existence, however, could not be confirmed experimentally to the present day. One of the goals of the COMPASS experiment~\cite{com07} at CERN is to study the existenc...
1,116,691,498,821
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the landmark E144 experiment at SLAC in the mid 1990s, a $46.6\,\trm{GeV}$ electron beam was collided with a weakly-focussed laser of moderate intensity parameter ($\xi \approx 0.3$) in a near head-on collision \cite{E144:1996enr,burke97,bamber99}. This provided the first measurement of nonl...
1,116,691,498,822
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vskip .1in This paper focuses on a special 3D anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) system. The velocity field obeys the 3D Navier-Stokes equation with one-directional dissipation while the magnetic field satisfies the induction equation with two-directional magnetic diffusion. More prec...
1,116,691,498,823
arxiv
\section{Noting} \section{Introduction} The last decade has witnessed significant progress in the 3D object detection task via different types of sensors, such as monocular images~\cite{chen2016monocular,xu2018multi}, stereo cameras~\cite{chen20173d}, and LiDAR point clouds~\cite{zhou2018voxelnet,luo2018fast,yang...
1,116,691,498,824
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The number of transmission channels for a single-atom contact between two metallic electrodes is simply given by the chemical valence of the atom \cite{Scheer98}. Recently \cite{Bergfield11a} it has been determined that the number of dominant transmission channels in a single-molecu...
1,116,691,498,825
arxiv
\section{\label{secIntroduction}Introduction} The statistical model has been used to describe particle production in high-energy collisions for more than half a century~\cite{fermiheisenberghagedorn}. In this period it has evolved into a very useful and successful model describing a large variety of data, in particul...
1,116,691,498,826
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Super-resolution is the task of recovering a high-resolution (HR) image from a low-resolution (LR) image. Recent works have achieved significant performance in SR using deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based approaches. Some of them exploit strict content loss as the training objective fo...
1,116,691,498,827
arxiv
\subsubsection{ Time evolution and histogram} To display the discontinuous character of the transition in the model with $z=100$ equivalent neighbors, we have recorded the behavior of the energy of an $L=200$ system as a function of Monte Carlo time. The system appears to display a sort of flip-flop behavior between tw...
1,116,691,498,828
arxiv
\section{Introduction and discussion} Recent work by various authors has provided evidence that in QCD, a magnetic field leads to several interesting phenomena, for values of the magnetic field which are substantially smaller than anticipated in earlier studies. The origin of these effects lies in the chiral axial ano...
1,116,691,498,829
arxiv
\subsection{Data sources.} AR~Sco's location in the ecliptic plane, not far from the Galactic centre and only $2.5^\circ$ North-West of the centre of the Ophiuchus molecular cloud, means that it appears in many archival observations. It is detected in the FIRST $\SI{21}{\cm}$ radio survey$^{30}$, the Two Micron All Sky...
1,116,691,498,830
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we compute the additive structure of the Hochschild \linebreak (co)homology and cyclic homology of preprojective algebras of ADE quivers over a field of characteristic zero. That is, we compute the (co)homology spaces together with the grading induced by the natural grading on th...
1,116,691,498,831
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s:introduction} Let $f:\mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{R}$ be a multiplicative arithmetic function. Daboussi showed (see Daboussi and Delange \cite{dab}) that if $|f|$ is bounded by $1$, then \begin{equation}\label{eq:fourier-bound} \frac{1}{x}\sum_{n\leq x} f(n) e^{2\pi i \alpha n} = o(x) \end{eq...
1,116,691,498,832
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \par Distributed excitable media are found in a wide range of natural systems including neural cells \cite{izhikevich-book}, heart tissue \cite{keener-book-II} or chemical systems \cite{mik-book-I}. They consist of coupled elements obeying an activator-inhibitor dynamics with a single stable fixe...
1,116,691,498,833
arxiv
\section{\label{Intro}Introduction} A Landau-Ginzburg model is a nonlinear sigma model with a superpotential. For a \emph{heterotic} Landau-Ginzburg model \cite{Witten:Phases, DistlerKachru:0-2-Landau-Ginzburg, AdamsBasuSethi:0-2-Duality, MelnikovSethi:Half-twisted, GuffinSharpe:A-twistedheterotic, MelnikovSethiSharpe...
1,116,691,498,834
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} Heavy fermion pair production in $e^+e^-$ annihilation is a fundamental process in the Standard Model (SM). The threshold region is of particular interest. For example, the precise prediction of the production cross section for $e^+e^-\rightarrow\tau^+\tau^-$ in the threshold regio...
1,116,691,498,835
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The possibility to confine a plasma into a finite region of space necessarily requires the application of external magnetic fields able to produce the requested balance of the fundamental forces acting on the plasma itself \cite{landau}. However, the achievement of a steady equilibrium for a fusi...
1,116,691,498,836
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The characterization of the flavor conversions for neutrinos emitted by a stellar collapse is a field of intense activity. In particular, the flavor transformation probabilities in supernovae (SNe) not only depend on the matter background~\cite{Matt,Dighe:199...
1,116,691,498,837
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is designed to provide proton collisions at an energy of 7 TeV per beam and heavy-ion collisions at the equivalent magnetic rigidity~\cite{lhcdesignV1}. It consists of eight arcs and eight straight Insertion Regions (IRs). The accelerated b...
1,116,691,498,838
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The standard model of particle physics describes neutrinos as neutral spin-$1/2$, massless fermions, organized into three families with three different flavours: $\nu_e, \nu_\mu, \nu_\tau$. It has been observed that neutrinos can change their flavour as they propagate th...
1,116,691,498,839
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{page}{1} Deep neural networks (DNNs) have seen enormous success in image and speech classification, natural language processing, health sciences among other big data driven applications in recent years. However, DNNs typically require hundreds of megabytes of memory storage for the...
1,116,691,498,840
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The $\alpha$ emission is one of the decay channels of the heavy nuclei. Measurements on the $\alpha$ decay can provide reliable information on the nuclear structure such as the ground-state energy, the ground-state half-life, the nuclear spin and parity, the nuclear deformation, the nuclear clust...
1,116,691,498,841
arxiv
\section*{Content} \section*{Introduction} The issue of whether formation of arrays of Ge quantum dots on the Si(001) surface is an equilibrium driven or kinetically controlled process has not been solved since the very discovery of coherent GeSi and Ge islands by Eaglesham and Cerullo \cite{Eaglesham_Cerullo} an...
1,116,691,498,842
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum gravity on three-dimensional anti-de Sitter ($AdS$) space was found in~\cite{BH86} to be holographically dual to a two-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT). In the spirit of this work, it was recently argued~\cite{GHSS0809} that the extremal four-dimensional Kerr black hole~\cite{BH...
1,116,691,498,843
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Motivation} \label{sec:introduction} The exact nature of deep interior of Earth has been a long-standing puzzle. The internal regions of Earth are inaccessible due to extreme temperatures and pressures. Direct measurements are not feasible after a depth of a few km. Most of the information ava...
1,116,691,498,844
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} Experiments with ultracold atoms \cite{BDZ2008, greiner1, greiner2} give direct access to many-body quantum systems that often cannot be described theoretically due to the enormous computational complexity \cite{Qsim}. Quite challenging in this respect are many-body models either i...
1,116,691,498,845
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We conjecture that holomorphic locally homogeneous geometric structures on complex tori are translation invariant. Our motivation is from Ghys \cite{Ghys:1996}: holomorphic nonsingular foliations of codimension one on any complex torus admit a subtorus of symmetries of codimension at least one...
1,116,691,498,846
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum systems allow physical operations to perform some tasks that seems to be impossible in classical domain \cite{mes,mes1,mes2}. However with the nature of the operations performed it restricts correctness or exact behavior of the operations to act for the whole class of states of the quantu...
1,116,691,498,847
arxiv
\section{Acknowledgments} We thank Pier Stefano Corasaniti and Rachel Bean for valuable help and discussions. \begin {thebibliography} {} \bibitem{spergel} D.~N.~Spergel {\it et al.} [WMAP Collaboration], Astrophys.\ J.\ Suppl.\ {\bf 148} (2003) 175 [arXiv:astro-ph/0302209]. \bibitem{cosmo} A.~Melch...
1,116,691,498,848
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \subsection{Overview} Let $f:X\to S$ be a smooth, proper morphism between complex algebraic varieties. Then, by the work of Griffiths~\cite{periods}, the associated local system $\mathcal H_{\mathbb Q} = R^k {f^*}\mathbb Q_X$ underlies a variation of pure Hodge structure of w...
1,116,691,498,849
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Up to the present, a great deal of empirical analyses have pointed out the existence of non-Gaussian activities lying in time-varying phenomena such as the log-return of stock prices, the spike noise of neurons, and so on. To incorporate them into statistical modeling, L\'{e}vy processes, which ...
1,116,691,498,850
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Gauge symmetries have been crucial in the development of theoretical models of fundamental interactions~\cite{Wilson-74,Weinberg-book,ZJ-book}. They also play a relevant role in statistical and condensed-matter physics ~\cite{Wen-book, Anderson-15, GASVW-18, Sachdev-19, SSST-19, ...
1,116,691,498,851
arxiv
\subsubsection*{References}} \setcitestyle{authoryear, open={(},close={)}} \usepackage{mathtools} \usepackage{booktabs} \input{math_commands} \usepackage{tabularx,xcolor,graphicx,booktabs} \usepackage[linesnumbered,ruled,noend]{algorithm2e} \usepackage{hyperref} \definecolor{darkblue}{rgb}{0,0.08,0.45} \hypersetup{col...
1,116,691,498,852
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many classic theorems of relativity are obtained by positing a number of local conditions on the geometry of spacetime. These geometric conditions are inequalities imposed, by fiat, on certain contractions of the Einstein or Ricci tensor. With the use of Einstein's equations, these geometric con...
1,116,691,498,853
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Jet suppression~\cite{Bjorken} is considered an excellent probe of QCD matter created in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions~\cite{Gyulassy,DBLecture,Wiedemann2013,Vitev2010}. Specifically, charged hadrons and D mesons are often in the focus of both theoretical and experimental research, sin...
1,116,691,498,854
arxiv
\section{\label{Introduction}Introduction} Quantum refrigerators are solid-state devices with huge potential benefits in technology. With no moving parts and of microscopic size, they could easily be integrated into existing technology, such as cellphones and computers, to enhance their performance by utilizing the was...
1,116,691,498,855
arxiv
\section{The proof of Theorem \ref{rf} when case (a) of Lemma \ref{gluing} arises} \label{case a} Figure \ref{inv1} depicts an involution $\tau_1$ on $E_1 \times I$ under which $\partial_3 E_1\times I$ is invariant, has its boundary components interchanged, and $\tau_1(A_{11})=A_{12}$. Then $\tau_1$ extends to an invo...
1,116,691,498,856
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} Let $s_k(n)$ denote the sum of the digits in the base-$k$ expansion of the non-negative integer $n$. Although we only consider $k=2$, our results can be easily extended to all integers $k\ge 2$. Put $u_n=(-1)^{s_2(n)}$. In other words, $u_n$ is equal to $1$ if the binary expansio...
1,116,691,498,857
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In Hermitian geometry, the vanishing of the torsion of the Hermitian connection means that the metric is K\"ahler. In the complex Finsler geometry, since the torsion of the Chern-Finsler connection has a horizontal part and a mixed part, a complex Finsler metric to be K\"ahler is quite different...
1,116,691,498,858
arxiv
\section{Discussion} We presented StereoNet, the first real-time, high quality end-to-end architecture for passive stereo matching. We started from the insight that a low resolution cost volume contains most of the information to generate high-precision disparity maps and to recover thin structures given enough trainin...
1,116,691,498,859
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep neural networks (DNNs) are complex models with potentially millions of trainable parameters. Due to this intrinsic aspect, it is challenging to interpret them and to understand why a classifier makes a certain decision. However, this understanding is paramount for critical tasks, such as di...
1,116,691,498,860
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{S1} We study the pointwise boundary differentiability for viscosity solutions of \begin{equation}\label{1.1} \left\{\begin{aligned} &u\in S^*(\lambda,\Lambda,f)&& ~~\mbox{in}~~\Omega;\\ &u=g&& ~~\mbox{on}~~\partial \Omega, \end{aligned}\right. \end{equation} where $\Omega\subset {R^n}$ is a...
1,116,691,498,861
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An important fact motivating the study of the statistical properties of dynamical systems is that the pointwise long time prediction of a chaotic system is not possible, while the estimation or forecasting of averages and other long time statistical properties is sometimes possible. This ofte...
1,116,691,498,862
arxiv
\section[#1]{#2} \setcounter{equation}{0}} \newcommand{\, ,\hspace{1cm}}{\, ,\hspace{1cm}} \newcommand{\, ,\hspace{0.4cm}}{\, ,\hspace{0.4cm}} \newcommand{\ins}[1]{{\mbox{\tiny #1}}} \newcommand{\ind}[1]{{\mbox{\scriptsize #1}}} \newcommand{\inds}[1]{{\scriptscriptstyle #1}} \title{Biconformal symmetry and static M...
1,116,691,498,863
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} It is now generally accepted that Classical Be stars possess gaseous circumstellar disks that are responsible for their excess emission \citep[for reviews, see][]{por03,baa01}. Furthermore spectroastrometry and optical interferometic measurements indicate that this material is in ...
1,116,691,498,864
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} \section{Introduction} The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics is now more than ever motivated by the recent discovery of the Higgs boson at both the ATLAS \cite{HiggsATLAS} and CMS \cite{HiggsCMS} detectors. However, there are still t...
1,116,691,498,865
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since Fagan's work in the 1970s \cite{b:fagan1976,b:fagan1986}, dozens of studies have shown that code review is the most effective way to find bugs \cite{b:cohen2010,b:bacchelli2013}. Ironically, given that Fagan and others were inspired by academic peer review, code review is still rare in sci...
1,116,691,498,866
arxiv
\section{Introduction} KTaO$_3$ (KTO) is a member of a class of materials with the perovskite crystal structure which are being explored in the emerging area of oxide electronics. These materials display an array of interesting physical phenomena, that includes ferroelectricity, magnetism, metal-insulator transition ...
1,116,691,498,867
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There is an English idiom: \textquotedblleft a picture is worth a thousand words". Such theory has been standing in human society for many years, as this is the way our brain functions. With the development of neural network and deep learning, it can be applied to machine as well. In other words...
1,116,691,498,868
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper is the companion paper of \cite{ccsprecub}. The preceding paper was devoted to fixing K. Worytkiewicz's combinatorial semantics of CCS (Milner's Calculus of Communicating System) \cite{0683.68008} \cite{MR1365754} in terms of labelled precubical sets \cite{exHDA} in order to stick to ...
1,116,691,498,869
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} We consider the problem of fairly allocating indivisible goods to interested agents, a task that occurs frequently in the society and has been a subject of study for decades in economics and more recently in computer science. Several notions of fairness have been proposed to...
1,116,691,498,870
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Classification, also known as \textquotedbl{}supervised learning\textquotedbl{}, is a fundamental building block of statistical machine learning. Applications of statistical classification methods include, for example, cancer diagnosis \citep{tibshirani2002diagnosis}, text categorization \citep{...
1,116,691,498,871
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The goal of objective image quality assessment is to design mathematical models that are able to predict the perceptual quality of digital images. The classification of objective image quality assessment algorithms is based on the accessibility of the reference image. In the case of reference ...
1,116,691,498,872
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we study the following semilinear elliptic problem with Robin boundary condition: \begin{equation}\label{eq1} \left\{\begin{array}{ll} -\Delta u(z)+\xi(z)u(z)=f(z,u(z))\ \mbox{in}\ \Omega,\\ \frac{\partial u}{\partial n}+\beta(z)u=0\ \mbox{on}\ \partial\Omega. \end{arr...
1,116,691,498,873
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{S:0} Solution of any problem in perturbative quantum field theory includes several steps: \begin{enumerate} \item diagrams generation, classification into topologies, routing momenta; \item tensor and Dirac algebra in numerators, reduction to scalar Feynman integrals; \item reduction of s...
1,116,691,498,874
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is a widely known fact from the late 80s/early 90s that symmetric monoidal closed categories model $\mathtt{MILL}$, multiplicative intuitionistic linear logic, whose logical connectives comprise multiplicative verum $\mathsf{I}$ and conjunction $\otimes$ and linear implication $\multimap$ \ci...
1,116,691,498,875
arxiv
\section{Additional Network Details} \subsection{Spiral Operator} \par In our mesh decoder, we use the spiral operator~\citep{spiralnet++} to process vertex features in the spatial domain. The spiral operator defines a spiral selection of neighbors for a center vertex $v$ by imposing the order on elements of the $k...
1,116,691,498,876
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nonequilibrium dynamics in quantum field theory has become, during the last years, a very active field of research in particle physics [1-6], in cosmology [7-20] , and in solid state physics \cite{Zurek:1996}. The outline of typical computational experiments is as follows: a quantum field $\psi(...
1,116,691,498,877
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Introduction} Algebraic theory of regular languages is a well\=/established field in the theory of formal languages. The basic ambition of this theory is to obtain effective characterizations of various natural classes of regular languages. First examples of significant classes of lang...
1,116,691,498,878
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the compilation of the first large samples of galaxy clusters almost 50 years ago (Zwicky 1961; Abell 1958), clusters have been used as fundamental probes of the effect of environment on the evolution of galaxies. Over this time, our understanding of this phenomenon has grown significantl...
1,116,691,498,879
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have achieved tremendous success among many computer vision tasks~\cite{girshick2015fast,krizhevsky2012imagenet,simonyan2014very}. However, a hand-crafted network structure tailored to one task may perform poorly on another task. Therefore, it usually req...
1,116,691,498,880
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Moderate and large deviations of the sum of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) real-valued random variables have been investigated since the beginning of the 20th century. Kinchin \cite{Kinchin29} in 1929 was the first to give a result on large deviations of the sum of i.i.d.\ Be...
1,116,691,498,881
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The Cachazo-He-Yuan (CHY) formulae provide remarkable tree-level expressions for scattering amplitudes in theories of massless particles, written as an integral over marked points on the Riemann sphere. The integral localises as a sum over the solutions to the scatteri...
1,116,691,498,882
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we study the interactions of observed pions with inferred scalar $\sigma$ meson [1,2] and fermion quark SU(2) fields in a chiral-invariant manner at low energies. Specifically we consider two chiral theories: a) A chiral quark model (CQM) dynamically inducing [2] the entire qua...
1,116,691,498,883
arxiv
\section{\bf INTRODUCTION } Inelastic Raman and neutron scattering experiments on insulating cuprates provide information about the spin dynamic of the CuO$_{2}$ planes of high-$% T_c$ precursors \cite{chakra}. The observed short and long wave-length low-energy excitations have been described using the two-dimensional...
1,116,691,498,884
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction} In recent years data sets have grown in size and dimension with the proliferation of advanced data acquisition techniques. We have been able to use such data meaningfully not only because the computation power has increased to match the size, but also due to the paradigm ...
1,116,691,498,885
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Many years of study of the light curves and spectra of type Ia supernovae have revealed that a thermonuclear runaway induced by accretion on a white dwarf of $\sim$1 M$_{\sun}$ (Hoyle \& Fowler 1960) produces the energy to eject the entire star at $\sim$10,000 km s$^{-1}$ and synthesizes $\si...
1,116,691,498,886
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications is a promising technology for future mobile networks due to abundant bandwidth. The standardization organization 3GPP has included mmWave communication in the fifth generation of mobile networks, 5G New Radio (5G-NR) \cite{5GNR_rel1...
1,116,691,498,887
arxiv
\section{Introduction and statement of the results} Logarithmic potentials of Borel measures in the complex plane play a fundamental role in Logarithmic Potential Theory. This du to the fact that this theory is associated to the Laplace operator which is a linear elliptic partial differential operator of second order...
1,116,691,498,888
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{one} Let $G$ be a compact connected Lie group which acts on a compact connected manifold $M$, the cohomogeneity of the action being equal to one; this means that there exists a $G$-orbit whose codimension in $M$ is equal to one. For such group actions, we investigate the corresponding equ...
1,116,691,498,889
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Helioseismology has been successful at imaging the solar interior by studying oscillations at the surface \citep[][]{CD2002}. It has been exercised to learn about a wide variety of features in the Sun such as magnetism \citep[][]{Duvall2000, Jensen2001, Birch2010, Birch2013}, co...
1,116,691,498,890
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Visual signals are distorted in adverse weather conditions which are usually classified as steady (such as haze, mist, and fog) or dynamic (such as rain and snow) \cite{1nara2003,1garg2004}. The haze issue is studied in this paper. Due to the effect of light scattering through small particles acc...
1,116,691,498,891
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} \subsection{Background} \label{ssec:background} The advances in machine learning (ML) over the past two decades have transformed many disciplines. Within the actuarial literature, we see an explosion of works that apply and develop ML methods for various actuarial tasks \citep[se...
1,116,691,498,892
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\mathbb{K}$ be the real scalar field $\mathbb{R}$ or the complex scalar field $\mathbb{C}$. As usual, for a positive integer $N$ we define \ell_\infty^N=\{(x_n)_{n=1}^\infty\subset \mathbb{K} \mbox{ bounded }\}$, c_{0}=\left\{ \left( x_{n}\right)_{n=1}^\infty \subset \mathbb{K}:\lim x...
1,116,691,498,893
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Throughout this note let $\Lambda$ be a finite dimensional $k$-algebra, where $k$ is an algebraically closed field with characteristic $p \geqslant 0$, and let $G$ be a finite group whose elements act on $\Lambda$ as algebra automorphisms. The \textit{skew group algebra} $\Lambda G$ is the vec...
1,116,691,498,894
arxiv
\section{First identification of massive AGB stars and previous spectroscopic surveys} The first identification of truly massive ($>$ 3$-$4 M$_\odot$) asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars dates back to about 30 years ago (Wood, Bessel \& Fox 1993). Photometric surveys of AGB stars in the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) uncover...
1,116,691,498,895
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Part-of-speech (POS) tagging is a process to tag tokens in a string with their corresponding part-of-speech (e.g., noun, verb, etc). POS tagging is considered as one of the most basic tasks in NLP, as it is usually the first component in an NLP pipeline. This is because POS tags are shown to be ...
1,116,691,498,896
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Absolute luminosity measurements are of general interest to colliding-beam experiments at storage rings. Such measurements are necessary to determine the absolute cross-sections of reaction processes and to quantify the performance of the accelerator. The required accuracy on...
1,116,691,498,897
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} In the current study, we consider {a} fractional order nonlinear boundary value problem as follows: Find $u$ such that \begin{equation}\label{asli} -_{0}^{\circ}D^{s}_x u(x) +g(x,u(x)) =f(x),\quad x\in \Omega:=[0,1], \end{equation} \[u(0)=0,\quad u(1)=0,\] where $s \in (1,2)$, and ...
1,116,691,498,898
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Machine learning has become an ubiquitous tool in analyzing personal data and developing data-driven services. Unfortunately, the underlying learning models can pose a serious threat to privacy if they inadvertently capture sensitive information from the training data and later reveal it to user...
1,116,691,498,899
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Electronic-based precision sensing in ion traps allows for the accurate determination of the eigenfrequencies of a stored charged-particle from the current it induces in the trap electrodes. This minute current is amplified by means of a tuned circuit operated at liquid-helium temperature, which ...
1,116,691,498,900
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the last decades the possibility of \textit{deforming} (rather than breaking) the relativistic symmetries of empty space at the Planck scale ($E_p\sim L_p^{-1} \sim 10^{19} GeV $\footnote{We use units in which $\hbar = c =1$}) has received a considerable amount of attention in the Quantum Gra...
1,116,691,498,901
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Consider communicating one of $M$ messages using a finite blocklength transmission of $n$ symbols over a discrete memoryless channel (DMC) with average error probability $\epsilon$. A fundamental practical problem that arises from this setup is the computation of upper bounds on the...
1,116,691,498,902
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:1intro} Capillary waves on a viscous fluid interface have recently been observed \citep{Aarts2004} to induce the spontaneous breakup of a thin liquid film and controls the inherent stochastic process of the sub-micron rupture event. Unlike gravity waves, these capillary waves have a sh...
1,116,691,498,903
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \begin{sloppypar} Sample compression is a natural learning strategy, whereby the learner seeks to retain a small subset of the training examples, which (if successful) may then be decoded as a hypothesis with low empirical error. Overfitting is controlled by the size of this l...
1,116,691,498,904
arxiv
\section{Introduction} KM3NeT research infrastructure consists of two neutrino detectors under construction at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea: ARCA (Astroparticle Research with Cosmics in the Abyss) located off-shore Portopalo di Capo Passero, Sicily, Italy, at a depth of 3500\,m and ORCA (Oscillation Research wi...
1,116,691,498,905
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} Inner-shell excitation or ionization of an atom or a molecule produces metastable electronic states which can decay by autoionization. The most common such relaxation process is Auger decay\cite{Auger1925jpr} (AD), in which the vacancy is refilled by a valence electron and oth...
1,116,691,498,906
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The nature of the source class colloquially known as Anomalous X-ray Pulsars (AXPs) has been well explained by the so called magnetar model \citep{td96a}. In this model, AXPs, which appear to be isolated, have pulse periods in the narrow range of 5--12~s, and X-ray luminosities...
1,116,691,498,907
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \ Coherent states and their applications in theoretical and technological fields have been the subject of many studies \cite{Art01-01}, \cite{Art01-02}, \cite{Art01-03}, \cite{Art01-04}, \cite{Art01-05}, \cite{Art01-06}, \cite{Art01-07}, \cite{Art01-08}, \cite{Art01-09}, \cite{Art01-10}, \cite{...
1,116,691,498,908
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{introduction} Decision trees are a fundamental machine learning tool. They partition the feature (input) space into regions of response homogeneity, such that the response (output) value associated with any point in a given partition can be predicted from the average for that of its neighb...
1,116,691,498,909
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The interpretation of Quantum Mechanics (QM) remains a subject of intense investigation and heated debate, as well as the source of puzzlement and intellectual discomfort for many. To deepen our understanding of QM, various ontological models which posit some type of underlying physical ``real...
1,116,691,498,910
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Dust attenuation is an important factor in interpreting observations of galaxies. This is particularly true for high-redshift galaxies, for which our primary observational constraints are confined to the restframe ultraviolet where the effect of dust extinction is particular...
1,116,691,498,911
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sect:Introduction} Recent studies of the interstellar medium have shown a number of observed variations on scales smaller than 1\,pc, indicating the existence of small-scale structure. These have been reported in the form of temporal variations and differences in column densities ...
1,116,691,498,912
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The current infrastructure of the national grid is aging and has been mainly built to support a one-way power flow. It is a centralized system that energy is generated in power plants, transmitted over long distances to consumptions sites, where consumers are majorly passive. See Figure 1(a) \cit...
1,116,691,498,913
arxiv
\section{Introduction} High transverse momentum partons and their hadronic fragments are powerful and valuable probes of the high energy density matter created at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These energetic partons are created in the early stage of the collisions a...
1,116,691,498,914
arxiv
\section{Superalgebras and supermatrices} Superalgebras (i.e. $\mathbb{Z}_2$-graded algebras) are a very important particular case of graded algebras that play an important role in modern mathematics and theoretical physics. They are, particularly, central objects, as basic algebraic machinery in the theory of superman...