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1,116,691,499,815 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We propose a generalized version of spatial scan statistics called the \emph{kernel spatial scan statistic}.
In contrast to the many variants~\cite{AMPVW06, Kul97, huang2007spatial, jung2007spatial, neill2006bayesian, jung2010spatial, kulldorff2009scan, FNN17,HMWN18, SSMN16} of this classic met... |
1,116,691,499,816 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction}
\indent The Warm Absorber (WA) is an optically thin ionized medium, first proposed by Halpern (\cite{Halpern}) in order to explain the shape of the X-ray spectrum of the \object{QSO MR2251-178} observed with the Einstein Observatory.
The main signatures of this medium a... |
1,116,691,499,817 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Planning algorithms based on lookahead search has been very successful for decision-making problems with known dynamics, such as board games \cite{silver2017masteringshogi,silver2016mastering,silver2017mastering} and simulated robot control \cite{tassa2012synthesis}.
However, to apply planning al... |
1,116,691,499,818 | arxiv | \section{Why we do Believe in the SM: Precision Tests}
In recent years new powerful tests of the Standard Model (SM) have been performed mainly at LEP but also
at SLC and at the Tevatron. The running of LEP1 was terminated in 1995 and close-to-final results of the data
analysis are now available \cite{tim},\cite{ew}. ... |
1,116,691,499,819 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sct intro}
The aim of this article is to study fine regularity properties for solutions of the \textit{porous medium equation}-(pme)
\begin{equation}\label{m-eq}\tag{$m$-pme}
u_t= \Delta u^m, \quad m > 1.
\end{equation}
The mathematical analysis involving \textit{pme} has attracted a... |
1,116,691,499,820 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\par
Quantum dots are nano-scale crystals, which have a discrete energy spectrum and for this reason often referred to as artificial atoms. Systems based on quantum dots are potentially important for nanoelectronic
applications.
Due to different kinds of topologies of these systems, the multi-do... |
1,116,691,499,821 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Combining with one time pad \cite{shannon1949communication}, quantum key distribution (QKD) \cite{bennett1984quantum,ekert1991quantum} can offer a private communication with an information-theoretical security \cite{lo1999unconditional,shor2000simple,mayers2001unconditional,renner2005information... |
1,116,691,499,822 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
We are entering a golden age for Milky Way astronomy. The European
Space Agency (ESA)'s $Gaia$ mission \citep{GaiaMission}, which
launched $19^{th}$ December 2013, has recently published its first
data release \citep{GaiaDR1}, giving us a new window on our Galaxy,
and in particul... |
1,116,691,499,823 | arxiv | \section{Derivation of the maximum post-selection probability}
To maximize $P_{s}\approx|\langle\Psi_{f}|\Psi_{i}\rangle|^{2}$ while
keeping $A_{w}$ and $|\Psi_{i}\rangle$ fixed, we note that the initial
state can be decomposed into a piece parallel to $(\ha-A_{w})|\Psi_{i}\rangle$
and an orthogonal piece in the ... |
1,116,691,499,824 | arxiv | \section{Theory of electron beam stability in graphene}
In a canonical problem of plasma-beam instability, the electron beam in collimated in momentum space rather than in real space. The momentum collimation is readily achieved upon electron injection through tunnel junctions~\cite{Cheianov}. The angular distribution... |
1,116,691,499,825 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and statement of main results}
Squared Bessel processes are a family of one-dimensional diffusions on $[0,\infty)$, defined by
continuous solutions $Y = (Y(x), 0 \le x \le \zeta)$ of the stochastic differential equation
\begin{equation}
\label{besqdef}
dY(x)=\delta\,dx+2\sqrt{Y(x)}dB(x),\qquad... |
1,116,691,499,826 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this letter we investigate the Chern--Simons (C--S) field
theories \cite{csft,csftt,witten}
with gauge group $SU(n)$ in the Coulomb gauge
using the Dirac's formalism for constrained
systems \cite{dirac,hrt}.
As it happens in the case of the more popular covariant gauges,
also in this gauge the... |
1,116,691,499,827 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Sustained magnetism in astrophysical objects is due to the dynamo mechanism which relies on the generation of electrical currents by fluid motion~\cite{brandenburg2005}. The secular cooling of the Earth's interior and the release of light elements at the boundary of the solid inner core provide ... |
1,116,691,499,828 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
At present there are several methods of the relativistic correlation calculations of atoms, such as multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock \cite{Des75,JGBF13,FGBJ16}, configuration interaction (CI) \cite{Gu08,FFFG02,JMCB16,Tup03,Tup05}, many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) \cite{DFSS87,BGJS87,Sap98}, CI... |
1,116,691,499,829 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the important tasks in many-body physics is to understand the emergence of the
collective features as well as their structure in terms of the individual motion of the
constituents. The steady progress of experimental methods of investigation opens now
the possibility to study very n... |
1,116,691,499,830 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In our previous work \cite{ouroscillationcompensation}, we investigate the vanishing-step subgradient method applied to a nonsmooth, nonconvex objective function $f$ in the hope of finding
\[\argmin_{x\in\mathbb{R}^n}f(x).\]
This paper is intended as a companion to \cite{ourosc... |
1,116,691,499,831 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
A cycle cover of a graph is a spanning subgraph that consists solely of cycles
such that every vertex is part of exactly one cycle. Cycle covers are an
important tool for the design of approximation algorithms for different variants
of the traveling salesman problem~\cite{Blae... |
1,116,691,499,832 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In most real word problems, parameters are uncertain at the optimization phase and decisions need to be made in the face of uncertainty. Stochastic and robust optimization are two widely used paradigms to handle uncertainty. In the stochastic optimization approach, uncertainty is modeled as a pr... |
1,116,691,499,833 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the present paper we are concerned with solutions to
\begin{equation} \label{Liouville-Quasilinear}
-\Delta_n u = h(x) e^u \hbox{ in } \Omega ,
\end{equation}
where $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^n$, $n \geq 2$, is a bounded open set and $\Delta_n u = \hbox{div} ( |\nabla u|^{n-1} \nabla u) ... |
1,116,691,499,834 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Because of its proximity, youth, richness, and location in the
northern hemisphere, the Pleiades has long been a favorite target of
observers. The Pleiades was one of the first open clusters to have
members identified via their common proper motion \citep{trumpler21},
and the c... |
1,116,691,499,835 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Modern machine learning techniques, specifically deep neural networks (DNNs), have
enabled tremendous progress for diverse applications, ranging from speech
recognition, natural language processing, image classification, to data
analytics and self-driving cars, and many more. In this article, we ... |
1,116,691,499,836 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction}
Top-quark measurements have entered a~high-precision era at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) where the cross-sections for single top-quark and top-quark pair (\ttbar{}) production at a~center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=7\,{\rm TeV}$ are factors of 40 and 20 higher th... |
1,116,691,499,837 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\input{introduction.tex}
\section{V2V+V2I Network Model}\label{sec:model}
\input{model.tex}
\section{V2V Cluster Characterization}
\label{sec:cluster}
\input{clusters.tex}
\section{Performance analysis} \label{sec-perf_analysis}
\label{sec:perf_analysis}
\input{perf_... |
1,116,691,499,838 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In \citet*[hereafter Paper I]{paper1}, we
introduced a model of blazar variability
designed to study rapid flares resulting from particle
acceleration at a shock front.
The case considered involved a collision between
relativistic shocks,
but the effects incorporated, light-travel delays and
ene... |
1,116,691,499,839 | arxiv | \subsubsection{Paragraphs and Footnotes}
\section{Conclusion}
In this paper, we propose a novel representation learning framework CtrlFormer\xspace that learns a transferable state representation for visual control tasks via a sample-efficient vision transformer. CtrlFormer\xspace explicitly learn... |
1,116,691,499,840 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Studying the spread of infectious disease has been of great interest for a long time and
has motivated a lot of mathematical models.
Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) type models are among those that are
commonly studied.
A SIR model is a compartmental model, in which
a p... |
1,116,691,499,841 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Dark matter haloes have spin. This net angular momentum is acquired by tidal torquing in the early universe \citep{peebles69, dorosh70, white84}, and is later modified and shaped by the merging and accretion of substructures (e.g. \citealt{frenk85, catelan96, bullock01, gardner01, vitvitska02, p... |
1,116,691,499,842 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The mantle of Earth extends from the bottom of the crust to the top of
the iron core, some 3000~km below. Mantle rock, composed of silicate
minerals, behaves as an elastic solid on the time scale of seismic
waves but over geological time the mantle convects at high Rayleigh
number as a creeping,... |
1,116,691,499,843 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Galactic globular clusters (GGCs) represent a key ingredient for the understanding of the evolution of the Galaxy, both from a chemical
and a stellar populations perspective. In particular, they represent the oldest systems in the Milky Way, and their relative ages
according... |
1,116,691,499,844 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\emph{``Everyone is an artist."} --- Joseph Beuys.
Being an artist means a fundamental ability to create and be creative, with productive imaginations, specialized experiences and fantastic inspirations. Rome wasn't built in a day, but your childhood dreams can be!
With the exponential evolut... |
1,116,691,499,845 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Do gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) accelerate cosmic rays (CRs)? There are arguments in favor of such an idea \citep{DA04}. It is supposed that CRs are accelerated via the Fermi mechanism in which a particle crosses the shock many times and gradually gains its energy. For an ultra-relativistic shock, a ... |
1,116,691,499,846 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A graph structure with its Laplacian matrix provides a mathematical tool to analyze the similarities between data points: those points with large enough similarities are connected by an edge. One can also assign edge weights to quantify such similarities. In many applications, it is noticed that... |
1,116,691,499,847 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we study the final value problem
\begin{equation}
\label{main equation}
\begin{cases}
\frac{\partial^\gamma u}{\partial t^\gamma} = \Delta u & x \in \mathbb{R}^n, \,\,\, t \in (0,T)\\
u(x,T) = g(x) & x \in \mathbb{R}^n,
\end{cases}
\end{equation}
where we aim at recovering the in... |
1,116,691,499,848 | arxiv | \section{\bigskip Introduction}
Inspired by Witten's seminal paper published in 2004 \cite{witten}, there have
been tremendous developments on calculations of higher point and higher loop
Yang-Mills and gravity field theory amplitudes \cite{JA}. Many new ideas and
techniques have been proposed and suggested on th... |
1,116,691,499,849 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A Finsler structure on a surface $M$ can be regarded as a smooth 3-manifold $\Sigma\subset TM$ for which the canonical projection $\pi:\Sigma\to M$ is a surjective submersion and having the property that for each $x\in M$, the $\pi$-fiber $\Sigma_x=\pi^{-1}(x)$ is a strictly convex curve includin... |
1,116,691,499,850 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Causal inference increasingly plays a vitally important role in a wide range of fields including online marketing, precision medicine, political science, etc.
For example, a typical concern in precision medicine is whether an \emph{alternative} medication treatment for a certain illness w... |
1,116,691,499,851 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Tracking and imaging a high-speed moving object have great application prospects in military, biomedical, computer vision, and other fields. The blurring caused by motion and the short exposure time caused by high frame rate shooting are the two main reasons that lead to the deterioration of ima... |
1,116,691,499,852 | arxiv | \subsection*{Introduction}
Non-Hermitian singularities arise in multivalued complex functions \cite{Needham-VCA,Ablowiz-CV} as points where the Taylor series expansion fails. In the context of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, these points, commonly referred to as exceptional points (EPs) feature special degeneracies where t... |
1,116,691,499,853 | arxiv | \section{The renormalized g-tensor for confined electrons}
In this subsection, we calculate the renormalization of the confined electron g-factor in the presence of an applied magnetic field. Through the
Schrieffer-Wolff transformation, the effective Hamiltonian (up to second order in spin-orbit interaction and to all... |
1,116,691,499,854 | arxiv | \section{\label{intro}Introduction}
Acoustic metamaterials comprised of sub-wavelength inclusions have attracted much attention due to their extraordinary acoustical effects. By proper design of the inclusions one can achieve a variety of exotic effective material properties such as negative bulk modulus and density,~\... |
1,116,691,499,855 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Single-image upscaling, known as Single-Image Super-Resolution (SISR), is a classical computer vision problem, used to increase the spatial resolution of digital images. The process aims to recover fine detail High-Resolution (HR) image from a single coarse Low-Resolution (LR) image. It is an i... |
1,116,691,499,856 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Nothing in the life of a massive star becomes it like the leaving
it. A supernova (SN) is one of the most impressive spectacles that the
Universe can afford an astronomer. However, there is some uncertainty
as to the range of stars that undergo this most spectacular
demise. Observations indicate... |
1,116,691,499,857 | arxiv | \section{Summary and Conclusions}
\label{conclusions}
In this article, we addressed various basic problems related to what
we call pseudo-Hermitian quantum mechanics. Our starting point was
the observation that a given quantum system admits an infinity of
unitary-equivalent representations in terms of Hilbert
s... |
1,116,691,499,858 | arxiv | \section{Irreducibility of $Z$}
We show the fundamental group of $Z$ in Section \ref{subsec_label-preserving action} is irreducible. We will follow \cite[Chapter II.3.2]{wise1996non} very closely.
Let $X,Y,f_1,f_2$ be as in Section \ref{subsec_label-preserving action}. Note that there is a cubical map $r:X\times [0,1]... |
1,116,691,499,859 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\mathbb F_{2^{s}}$ be a Galois field over $\mathbb F_2$, and $\chi$ be the cubic character, namely $\chi$
is a mapping from $\mathbb F_{2^{s}}^*$ into the complex numbers defined as
$$ \chi(\alpha^h \theta^j) = e^{\frac{2i\pi }{3}h} \dot{=} ~\omega^h ~~~~h=0,1,2~~, $$
where $\alpha$ i... |
1,116,691,499,860 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been actively researched as a powerful technique to approximate functions and solutions of PDEs for scientific computing applications \cite{yu2018deep,raissi2018hidden,raissi2019physics,peng2023non,liu2021vpvnet}. However, recent work \cite{xu2020frequency} have ... |
1,116,691,499,861 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In accreting neutron stars, the accreted hydrogen and helium burns a few hours after arriving on the star via the rp-process \citep{Wallace1981,Bildsten1998}. The resulting ashes consist of a complex mixture of heavy elements beyond the iron group \citep{Schatz1998}. These heav... |
1,116,691,499,862 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{-0.03cm}
\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/dsp/label}}{sec:intro}
Single-channel speech enhancement algorithms typically operate in the \ac{STFT} domain~\cite{timowienerfiltering2018, noisereducitonsurvey, timo2012}. The Gaussian statistical model in the \ac{STFT} domain has been shown to be effecti... |
1,116,691,499,863 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.45\linewidth}
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=4.00cm]{l1.pdf}}
\centerline{(a)}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.52\linewidth}
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=4.45cm]{corr_trans1.pdf}}
\centerline{(b)}
\end{minipage}
\caption{Illu... |
1,116,691,499,864 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{seq-intro}
In spite of the present
success of the Standard Model (SM) several observations indicate its possible nonfundamentality:
large number of the SM fermions, their arbitrary masses and mixings, fractional electric charge of quarks, etc.
Among the diversity of new physics models th... |
1,116,691,499,865 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace*{-5mm
\subsection{Model problem}
By now, the thorough mathematical understanding of convergence and quasi-optimality of $h$-adaptive FEM for second-order elliptic PDEs
has matured. However, the focus of the numerical analysis usually lies on model problems with homogeneous Dirichlet condi... |
1,116,691,499,866 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Despite the fact that the Standard Model (SM) has been very successful in describing most of elementary particles phenomenology, the Higgs sector of the theory remains unknown so far, and there is no fundamental reason to assume that the Higgs sector must be minimal, i.e., only one Higgs doublet.... |
1,116,691,499,867 | arxiv |
\subsection{Datasets}
The model is trained on two publicly available datasets that are benchmarks in the field: The ETH \cite{pellegrini2009you}, with subsets named ETH and HOTEL, and the UCY \cite{lerner2007crowds} datasets, with subsets named ZARA1, ZARA2, and UNIV. The trajectories are sampled at $0.4$ seconds inte... |
1,116,691,499,868 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The search for effects of electromagnetic fields on light dates back to the beginnings of modern physics. In matter as a medium for light propagation, the Faraday effect~\cite{Faraday1846} has been known since the middle XIX century. At the turn of the century the possibility that, even in a vac... |
1,116,691,499,869 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Hopf cyclic cohomology was invented by Connes-Moscovici in 1998 \cite{ConnMosc98}. It is now beyond dispute
that this cohomology is a fundamental tool in noncommutative geometry. Admitting coefficients is one of the most significant properties of this theory \cite{HajaKhalRangSomm04-I,Haja... |
1,116,691,499,870 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The idea of using a variational principle to bound the spectrum of an
operator is familiar to anyone who has taken an undergraduate course
in quantum mechanics: given a Hamiltonian $H$ whose spectrum is
bounded below by $E_0$, we must have for any normalized state $| \psi
\rangle$ in our Hilber... |
1,116,691,499,871 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Absorption-driven X-ray variability detected in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) has been interpreted as the passage of absorbing clouds, occulting the central X-ray source (e.g., \cite{Risaliti2011,2014MNRAS.442.2116T}). Absorption features are expected in the ultraviolet and X-ray spectra when a ... |
1,116,691,499,872 | arxiv | \section{Approach}
\label{sec:approach}
We now present our approach.
\subsection{Generating video foreground proposals}\label{sec:proposals}
\textcolor{black}{Existing propagation-based video segmentation methods rely on human input
(a bounding box, contour, or scribble) at the onset to generate results.}
The key id... |
1,116,691,499,873 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The progressive unveiling of the intricate connections that exists between information theory and statistical mechanics has allowed fundamental advances on our understanding of complex systems~\cite{thurner2018introduction}.
One of the most important methods resulting from those discoveries is ... |
1,116,691,499,874 | arxiv | \section{Model} \label{sec:model}
We solve the Hubbard model on the square lattice with longer range
hoppings, defined by the Hamiltonian:
\begin{equation}
H=\sum_{ij\sigma}t_{ij}c_{i\sigma}^{\dagger}c_{j\sigma}-\mu\sum_{i\sigma}n_{i\sigma}+U\sum_{i}n_{i\uparrow}n_{i\downarrow}\label{eq:Hubbard}
\end{equation}
with $i... |
1,116,691,499,875 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}First-level heading}
In 1916 and 1917, Einstein proposed three fundamental radiative processes to explain light-matter interactions: spontaneous emission, stimulated emission and absorption \cite{Einstein1916,Einstein1917}. Einstein's $A_{21}$, $B_{21}$ and $B_{12}$ coefficients are typical... |
1,116,691,499,876 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:1}
We are currently witnessing an increasing integration of our energy, transportation, and cyber networks, which, coupled with the human interactions, is giving rise to a new level of complexity in the transportation network. As we move to increasingly complex emerging mobility system... |
1,116,691,499,877 | arxiv | \section{Conclusion}
We applied neural network based binary segmentation for fully automated detection and localization of ONH in OCT en face images. We showed that a spatial restriction of the input images to a specific area where the object of interest (in our case the ONH) can occur, improves the resulting model pe... |
1,116,691,499,878 | arxiv |
\part{Biophysics: quantitative methods for biology}
\chapter*{Motivations}\label{introbio}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Motivations}
The application of quantitative methods to biology is presently the object of a large
amount of theoretical studies.
Theoretical study and modeling of biological phenomena are not a... |
1,116,691,499,879 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As a significant methodology for generative modeling, autoencoders map the data in the sample space $\mathcal{X}$ to a low-dimensional manifold embedded in a latent space $\mathcal{Z}\subset\mathbb{R}^C$.
Typically, an autoencoder is specified by an encoder $f:\mathcal{X}\mapsto\mathcal{Z}$ mappi... |
1,116,691,499,880 | arxiv |
\section{Algorithms for \cshitarg{H}{}}\label{sec:algo-col}
In this section we develop algorithmic upper bounds
for \cshitarg{H}{} on graphs of bounded treewidth.
We start with a simple observation that essentially reduces
the problem to $H$ being a connected graph.
\begin{lemma}\label{lem:cshit:conn}
Let $(G,\sigma... |
1,116,691,499,881 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Photoionization cross sections are necessary for the computation of
photoionization and recombination rates
for ionization balance in astrophysical plasmas (e.g. Kallman and
Krolik 1991, Shull \& Van Steenberg 1982, Sutherland \& Dopita 1993).
Accurate cross sections have been calculated in t... |
1,116,691,499,882 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s:intro}
The phenomenon of Ekman circulation (EC) occurs in most if not all
rotating flows with stressed boundaries that are not parallel to the
axis of rotation. The manifestation of EC ranges from wind-driven
ocean currents \cite{Ba67}, to the accumulation of the tea leaves at
the bott... |
1,116,691,499,883 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
HH~111 (discovered by Reipurth 1989) is one of the two most remarkable
and better studied Herbig-Haro (HH) jets, the other one being HH~34
(shown to be a jet by Reipurth et al. 1986). The past observational
studies of HH 111 include:
\begin{itemize}
\item ground based (Reipurth et al. 1992; Po... |
1,116,691,499,884 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Our object of study is the diagonal quartic surface $X \subset
\P^3_\mathbb{Q}$ defined by the equation
\begin{equation} \label{eq:surface}
a_0 X_0^4 + a_1 X_1^4 + a_2 X_2^4 + a_3 X_3^4 = 0
\end{equation}
where $a_0,a_1,a_2,a_3 \in \mathbb{Q}$ are non-zero rational coefficients.
Multiplying the... |
1,116,691,499,885 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Linear quadratic stochastic optimal control problems (stochastic LQ
problems in short) represent an important class of stochastic control
problems and are very well studied in the literature, cf., e.g., the
book by \citet{YongZhou:99}, Chapter 6, for an overview. A prototype
of a stochastic LQ pr... |
1,116,691,499,886 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intoroduction}
The gradient flow has achieved great success in lattice field theory\cite{Luscher:2010iy, Luscher:2011bx},
and there are many applications such
as non-perturbative renormalization group\cite{Yamamura:2015kva, Makino:2018rys, Abe:2018zdc, Carosso:2018bmz, Sonoda:2019ib... |
1,116,691,499,887 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Let $S$ be a connected surface, perhaps with boundary, and either compact, or with a finite number of points removed from the interior of the surface.
The \emph{$n\up{th}$ configuration space} of $S$ is defined by:
\begin{equation*}
F_n(S)=\setr{(x_{1},\ldots,x_{n})\in S^{n}}{\... |
1,116,691,499,888 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable results in various fields, including image recognition, natural language processing or medical diagnostics.
``Machine Learning as a Service'' (MLaaS) is a recent and popular DNN-based business use-case~\citep{philipp2020machin... |
1,116,691,499,889 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The (Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe) WMAP5
results~\cite{2008arXiv0803.0715G,2008arXiv0803.0570H,2008arXiv0803.0732H,
2008arXiv0803.0593N,2008arXiv0803.0586D,2008arXiv0803.0547K} give strong
indication in favour of cosmic inflation over other mechanisms for the
pro... |
1,116,691,499,890 | arxiv | \section{Methods}
\subsection{Sample}
We use a sample grown by molecular beam epitaxy containing a single layer of self-assembled InGaAs quantum dots in a GaAs matrix, embedded in a Schottky diode for charge state control. The Schottky diode structure comprises an n$^{+}$-doped layer 35 nm below the quantum dots and ... |
1,116,691,499,891 | arxiv |
\subsection{Data samples}
\label{data_samples}
In this analysis we are using data samples identical to the samples used in~\cite{VierjetJADE,naroska,jadenewas,OPALPR299,movilla02b,pedrophd},
collected by the JADE~experiment between 1979 and
1986; they correspond to a total integrated luminosity of ca. 195 \invpb.
Tab... |
1,116,691,499,892 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The stability and basin of attraction of periodic orbits is an important problem in many applications. Already the determination of a periodic orbit is a non-trivial task as it involves solving the differential equation. The classical definition of stability, as well as its study using a Lyapu... |
1,116,691,499,893 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The class of convolution neural networks (CNNs)~\cite{cite_11} is one of the key deep learning architecture and currently a very active field of study. The basic CNNs architecture~\cite{cite_12} comprise alternatively stacked multiple layers that can perform hierarchica... |
1,116,691,499,894 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since the discovery of protonic conductivity in aliovalent-doped SrCeO$_3$~\cite{Iwahara1981,Iwahara1983}, protonic conduction in perovskite-type oxides ABO$_3$ has been the subject of numerous studies, experimental as well as computational~\cite{Cherry1995,Iwahara1996,Kreuer1999,Kreuer2009,Norb... |
1,116,691,499,895 | arxiv |
\subsection{GPU SM Architecture}
\label{sec:sm_arch}
\noindent
\newedit{Figure~\ref{fig:gpu1} illustrates a representative SM architecture where shared memory may share a single on-chip memory structure with L1D cache~\cite{nvidia2009nvidia, nvidia2012nvidia}.
The single on-chip memory structure consists of 32 banks... |
1,116,691,499,896 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\textquotedblleft Planck's constant $h$ is a `quantum
constant\textquotedblright' is what I am told by my students.
\ \textquotedblleft Planck's constant is not allowed in a classical
theory\textquotedblright\ is the view of many physicists. \ I believe that
these views misunderstand the r... |
1,116,691,499,897 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The security of cyber-physical system, modelled in the abstraction level of events~\cite{WMW10}, has attracted much research interest from the discrete-event system community, with most of the existing works devoted to attack detection and security verification \cite{Carvalho... |
1,116,691,499,898 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\vspace{-.3mm}
Recent advances in Natural Language Processing (NLP) are largely attributed to the rise of the \textit{transformer}~\citep{vaswani17attentionisallyouneed}.
Pre-trained to solve an unsupervised task on large corpora of text, transformer-based architectures, such as GPT-2 \citep{ra... |
1,116,691,499,899 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
AutoDock is a protein-ligand docking tool which has now been distributed to more than 29000 users around the world\cite{trott2010autodock}. The application for this software arises from problems in computer-aided drug design. The ideal procedure would optimize the interaction energy between the ... |
1,116,691,499,900 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In the last decade, surveys at sub-millimetre (sub-mm) wavelengths have revolutionized our understanding of the formation and evolution of galaxies by revealing an unexpected population of high-redshift, dust-obscured galaxies called sub-mm galaxies (SMGs) which are forming star... |
1,116,691,499,901 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For heavy ion collisions at the AGS energies, transport model
studies \cite{liko95} have indicated that both density and
temperature of the participant region are high. Heavy ion
experiments at AGS thus offer the possibility to study not only the
hadron to quark-gluon plasma transition but also ... |
1,116,691,499,902 | arxiv | \section*{\sc introduction}
\indent \indent At the time of writing, over 2 000 000 variable stars are catalogued in the Variable Star Index (VSX), currently run
by the American Association of Variable Stars Observers \footnote{Obtained from \url{https://www.aavso.org/vsx/index.php}}. Only a handful of these objects hav... |
1,116,691,499,903 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
RV thanks the Institut f\"{u}r Theoretische Physik, Heidelberg for their kind hospitality and the Excellence Initiative of Heidelberg University for a Guest Professorship during the period when this work was
initiated; we thank Juergen Berges, Jan Pawlowski, and Michael Schmidt for encouragi... |
1,116,691,499,904 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The rich and accessible labeled data fuel the revolutionary success of deep learning \cite{deng2009imagenet,zhao2017multi,li2018support}. However, in many specific real applications, only limited labeled data are available. This motivates the investigation of few-shot learning (FSL) where we nee... |
1,116,691,499,905 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) \cite{pasechnik2017} in heavy-ion collisions requires a precise knowledge of the initial state of the system in order to disentangle QGP-induced phenomena from other nuclear effects. In this regard, the weakly-interacting Z and W$^\pm$ bosons, when detec... |
1,116,691,499,906 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure*}[t]
\centering
\begin{subfigure}{0.15\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{pic1.pdf}
\caption{}
\label{fig:motivation:A}
\end{subfigure}
\quad \quad \quad \quad
\begin{subfigure}{0.17\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{p... |
1,116,691,499,907 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The traditional formulation of mechanics \cite{Principia} has rested on absolute space and absolute time.
However, Leibniz \cite{LCC} and Mach \cite{Mach} raised philosophically well-motivated relational
objections to these foundations.
(See e.g. \cite{Berkeley, B86, buckets, Comments} for... |
1,116,691,499,908 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The special type solutions for elliptic equations or systems play
an essential role in inverse problems since the pioneer work of Cald$\acute{e}$ron.
In \cite{Sylvester}, Sylvester and Uhlmann used complex geometric
optics (CGO) solutions to solve the inverse boundary value problems
for th... |
1,116,691,499,909 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The collective migration of Eukaryotic cells attracts the attention of physicists as one of non-equilibrium collective phenomena \cite{Hakim:2017}. In particular, the driving mechanism of the collective migration have been investigated with focus on their various microscopic cell-scale factors... |
1,116,691,499,910 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{section_intro}
Federated learning (FL) has drawn lots of attentions recently due to its wide applications in modern machine learning. Canonical FL aims at solving the following finite-sum problem~\cite{konevcny2016federated,mcmahan2017communication,kairouz2021advances}:
\begin{equation}\lab... |
1,116,691,499,911 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Wolf-Rayet\,(WR) bubbles are the final result of the evolution of the
circumstellar medium (CSM) of massive stars with initial masses $M
\gtrsim$35 $M_\odot$. These stars exhibit high mass-loss rates
throughout their lives, peaking during their post-main-sequence
evolution that involves... |
1,116,691,499,912 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The power of the constraints that Lorentz invariance imposes on the
S-matrix of four dimensional theories has been well known at least
since the work of Weinberg \cite{Weinberg:1964ev, Weinberg:1964ew}.
Impressive results like the impossibility of long-range forces
mediated by massless particle... |
1,116,691,499,913 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
The Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) and superfluidity of dipolar
(indirect) excitons, formed by electrons and holes, spatially
separated in two parallel two-dimensional (2D) layers of
semiconductor, were proposed~\cite{Lozovik} and recent progress on
BEC of semiconductor di... |
1,116,691,499,914 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:int}
From observations of light element abundances and of the Cosmic
microwave background radiation \cite{Hinshaw:2008kr} the Cosmic
baryon asymmetry,
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:baryon-asymm}
{\cal Y}_B=(8.75\pm 0.23)\times 10^{-10}\,,
\end{equation}
can be inferred. The condition... |
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