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1,116,691,499,915
arxiv
\section{I. Introduction} The rapid development of superconducting quantum electronics has motivated a search for near quantum-limited microwave amplifiers for the low-noise readout of qubits and linear cavity resonators. It was long ago recognized that the dc Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (dc SQUID) can...
1,116,691,499,916
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Multidimensional hydrodynamic instabilities play a central role in the explosion mechanism of most core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe). Though this has been repeatedly demonstrated in a variety of contexts \citep[][]{Hera92,Burr93,Hera94,Burr95a,Jank96,Mare09}, there is as yet no definitive underst...
1,116,691,499,917
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Despite much effort, the composition of high-energy (above $10^{15}$ eV) cosmic-rays is poorly known. Satellite and balloon experiments have insufficient exposure for high-statistics measurements. Terrestrial experiments have used the electromagnetic and low energy muon components of air show...
1,116,691,499,918
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} \label{cha:acknowledgements} \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Acknowledgements} We acknowledge financial support from the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) and the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India; the Bundesministerium f\"ur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Germany; the Carl-Z...
1,116,691,499,919
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} \PARstart{G}{ames} have existed in all human societies and many other animal species. While some of the oldest board games, such as Go, Backgammon, or Checkers, are still played today, video games have become one of the most relevant forms of entertainment in our society, with budge...
1,116,691,499,920
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Reaction systems, introduced in 2007 by Ehrenfeucht and Rozenberg \cite{ehrenfeucht2007reaction}, are elementary computational models inspired by biochemical reactions taking place within the living cells. This study belongs to one of the diverse research lines initiated in \cite{ehrenf...
1,116,691,499,921
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro} Introduction} Recent studies of quasar absorption systems have suggested that the fine structure constant, $\alpha = e^2/\hbar c$, may have been smaller in the early universe than it is today on Earth \cite{webb99prl,webb01prl,murphy01mnrasA,webb03ass}. Other groups using different telescope...
1,116,691,499,922
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The goal of this paper is to present a fully relativistic calculation of the two-particle two-hole (2p-2h) contributions to the inclusive $(e,e')$ response functions of nuclei for intermediate to high momentum transfers in a Fermi gas model. Consistency with perturbation theory is maintained an...
1,116,691,499,923
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The iliopsoas muscles, predominantly made up of slow-twitch fibers, are a composite of the psoas major and iliacus muscles; they are anatomically separate in the abdomen and pelvis but are merged together in the thigh. The iliopsoas is engaged during most day to day activities, including postur...
1,116,691,499,924
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} NLP systems that operate in more than one language have been proven effective in tasks such as cross-lingual natural language understanding and machine translation \cite{devlin-etal-2019-bert, conneau-etal-2020-unsupervised, aharoni-etal-2019-massively}. The performance of suc...
1,116,691,499,925
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent The United States' constitution stipulates that the president serves a 4 year term, with a maximum of two terms. In 2016, Republican candidate Donald Trump and Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton both ran for the presidency. Donald Trump won, becoming the 45th President of the United S...
1,116,691,499,926
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The cell, an active agent, is the basic unit of life. The motion of a single cell has been studied intensively in the past few decades\cite{lauffenburger1996cell,horwitz1999cell,bray2000cell,ponti2004two,li2009actin,raab2012crawling,novikova2017persistence,van2018mechanoreciprocity}. However, cel...
1,116,691,499,927
arxiv
\section{\bf Introduction} \label{S1} \end{center} The Einstein's general theory of relativity (GR) could not supply scientist by any explanation that can support the discovery of the expansion rate of our universe that has been established 20 years ago by various observations \cite{GR}--\cite{He}. Therefore, s...
1,116,691,499,928
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Dense neutrino gases in early universe or emitted from core-collapse supernovae (SNe) represent unique cases to probe the effect of the neutrino-neutrino interactions on the flavor conversions. Indeed, in these environments the neutrino-neutrino interactions would generate a large neutrin...
1,116,691,499,929
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nowadays it became customary when speaking about VLBI astrometry to implicitly assume differential astrometry \citep[see, for instance,][]{r:honma_redi14,r:rio20}. Differential VLBI astrometry is based on analysis of fringe phase differences between a target and a calibrator located within ...
1,116,691,499,930
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Despite huge efforts of researchers and industry put into identifying vulnerable software, many software systems still suffer from various security weaknesses. The concept of a code property graph (CPG) \cite{yamaguchi2014modeling} has been introduced to simplify the identification of vulnerabil...
1,116,691,499,931
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Most molecular electronic structure methods rely on different descriptions for ground and excited states. The ground state is described first, at a given level of theory, providing a baseline for later accessing the excited states, which in turn makes use of another approach or...
1,116,691,499,932
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of submanifolds of a given ambiant space is a naturel interesting problem which enriches our knowledge and understanding of the geometry of the space itself, see \cite{Berger, Carmo}. The theory of ruled surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^3$ is a classical subject in diffrential geometry and ruled...
1,116,691,499,933
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The axion which was initially introduced as a solution to the strong CP problem \cite{Peccei:1977hh, Peccei:1977ur, Weinberg:1977ma, Wilczek:1977pj} has turned out to have many interesting phenomenological consequences \cite{Kim:2008hd,DiLuzio:2020wdo,Choi:2020rgn}. After recognizing that axi...
1,116,691,499,934
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Observations with the {\it Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer} (EUVE) have provided evidence that a number of clusters of galaxies produce intense EUV emission (e.g., Bowyer et al. 1997). The initial explanation for this emission was that it is produced by a diffuse, (5--10) $\times 10^5$K thermal ga...
1,116,691,499,935
arxiv
\subsubsection*{\bibname}} \bibliographystyle{abbrvnat} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{placeins} \usepackage{epsf} \usepackage{fancyhdr} \usepackage{graphics} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{psfrag} \usepackage{microtype} \usepackage{subfigure} \usepackage{algorithmic} \usepackage[linesnumbered,ruled]{algorithm2e \...
1,116,691,499,936
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Intro} Several theories based on the picture of particle-hole excitations have successfully described the nuclear spin-isospin response. Not only the lowest-order one-particle one-hole (1p1h) excitation but also many-particle many-hole excitations have been observed to play a significant r...
1,116,691,499,937
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The paper concerns the problems of the long-time convergence to the equilibrium distribution for the discrete systems. For one-dimensional chains of harmonic oscillators the problem is analyzed in \cite{BPT, SL}: in \cite{SL} -- for initial measures which have distinct temperatures to the left...
1,116,691,499,938
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} We propose a new approach for solving a class of discrete decision making problems under uncertainty with positive cost. This issue concerns multiple and diverse fields such as engineering, economics, artificial intelligence, cognitive science and many others. Basically, an agent has to c...
1,116,691,499,939
arxiv
\subsection*{\hbox{}\hfill{\normalsize\sl #1}\hfill\hbox{}}} \textheight 23truecm \textwidth 15truecm \addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{-1.05truecm} \addtolength{\topmargin}{-1.5truecm} \makeatletter \def\l@section{\@dottedtocline{1}{0em}{1.2em}} \makeatother \begin{document} \title{Moduli of pre-${\cal D}$-modules, perve...
1,116,691,499,940
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $G$ be a finite group, and let \({\rm cd}(G)\) denote the \emph{degree set} of $G$, i.e., the set of degrees of the irreducible complex characters of $G$. In the paper ``Research in Representation Theory at Mainz (1984--1990)" (\cite{mainz}), Bertram Huppert writes: ``Several special results...
1,116,691,499,941
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The epoch of reionization (EoR) is a major transition period for the Universe. During this time, the first luminous sources form, which begin to reionize the intergalactic medium (IGM) that is mostly neutral hydrogen as a result of recombination. Eventually, as dark matter haloes grow, galaxies ...
1,116,691,499,942
arxiv
\section{Misfit strain accomodation} The lattice mismatch for the semiconductor layer with lattice constant $a$ is measured by the misfit parameter $f_m$ \begin{displaymath} f_m = \frac{a-a_s}{a_s} \end{displaymath} where $a_s$ is the lattice constant of the substrate. The misfit parameter for the $\mathrm{Ge_x...
1,116,691,499,943
arxiv
\section{#1}} \newcommand{\reff}[1]{eq.~(\ref{#1})} Quantification of entanglement remains as a major challenge in quantum information theory. For a state of a bi-partite system, it is well known that a measure for the entanglement between the two subsystems is given by the von Neumann entropy \cite{pr}. For a two...
1,116,691,499,944
arxiv
\section{\small{\bf {Introduction}}} \label{in} Quantum oscillator is an important model in various branches of physics, i.e, quantum mechanics, quantum field theory, string theory and gravity due to its exact solvability and overcomplete symmetry. The symmetry is manifested through angular momentum degeneracy of the...
1,116,691,499,945
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The derivation of process models from partial observations has received significant attention in the last years, as it enables eliciting evidence-based formal representations of the real processes running in a system~\cite{AalstBook}. This discipline, known as \emph{process discovery}, h...
1,116,691,499,946
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many theoretical calculations, including lattice QCD, predicted existence of glueballs (particles dominantly made of gluons) with masses $M >$ 1.5 GeV. No one of them was up to now unambiguously identified. The nature of scalar mesons below 2 GeV is also not well understood. The lowest mass m...
1,116,691,499,947
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{secIntro} In many cell types, cell membranes are composed \cite{phillips12} of a diverse array of lipids, organized as a lipid bilayer, and membrane proteins, which play a central role in most cellular processes. Membrane proteins are rigid compared to the surrounding lipid bilayer \...
1,116,691,499,948
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fluid flow in small droplets or vesicles is essential for many biological and chemical processes, both in artificially fabricated microdroplets and in biological cells. Droplet microfluidics~\cite{Teh2008, Chou2015} has a rapidly growing range of applications including molecular detection, imagi...
1,116,691,499,949
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Metal-insulator transition (MIT) materials undergo an electronic phase change from a metallic to an insulating state as a function of applied external conditions, i.e., temperature, pressure, or doping. The transition is typically discerned through optical and/or transport measurements.\cite{Im...
1,116,691,499,950
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Spin Glasses (SG) are disordered magnetic alloys that are generally regarded as particularly convenient model systems for the study of glassy behaviour~\cite{mydosh:93,fisher:93}. Indeed, ideas originating in the SG context have been fruitful in the study of structural glasses, optimisation in c...
1,116,691,499,951
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace{-3pt} \begin{quote} \it \small Abduction $\cdots$ consists in studying facts and devising a theory to explain them. \\ \mbox{}\hfill -- Charles Sanders Peirce (1839 -- 1914) \vspace{-3pt} \end{quote} \textit{Abductive reasoning}~\cite{peirce1931collected} was coined by Charles Sanders P...
1,116,691,499,952
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} At present, there is widespread interest in interfaces and heterostructures between SrTiO$_3$ (STO) and polar perovksite materials such as LaAlO$_3$ (LAO). Transition metal oxides are characterized by strong local interactions that often lead to novel magnetic, superco...
1,116,691,499,953
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s:intro} The representation dimension of a finite group $G$, denoted by $\rdim (G)$, is the minimal dimension of a faithful complex linear representation of $G$. In this paper we determine the maximal representation dimension of a group of order $p^{n}$. We are motivated by a recent ...
1,116,691,499,954
arxiv
\section{The \bibifi Case Study}\label{subsec:bififi} As a real world web application of \lweb, we present \emph{Build it, Break it, Fix it} (\bibifi), a security-oriented programming contest~\cite{Ruef:2016:BBF:2976749.2978382} hosted at \url{https://builditbreakit.org}. The contest consists of three rounds. At t...
1,116,691,499,955
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} Recent years, image classification has been a classical issue in computer vision. Many successful algorithms~\cite{yu2012adaptive,shi2018hypergraph,wright2009robust,yu2014high,song2018euler,yu2013pairwise,wang2018iterative,yu2012image,yang2009linear,yang2017discriminative,li...
1,116,691,499,956
arxiv
\section{\uppercase{Introduction}} \label{sec:introduction} \noindent Many tasks in pattern recognition and machine learning rely on the ability to quantify local similarities in data, and to infer meaningful global structure from such local characteristics~\cite{coifman:lafon:lee}. In the classification framework, th...
1,116,691,499,957
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Polars are magnetic cataclysmic binaries consisting of a late-type main-sequence star and a strongly magnetic white dwarf locked in synchronous rotation. EF\,Eri\ was one of the 11 polars known in the pre-ROSAT era, it was the second brightest at optical and at X-ray wavelengths after the proto...
1,116,691,499,958
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introducton} Discrete elliptic operators can be seen as the discrete counter part of elliptic partial differential operators. In particular, positive semi--definite Schr\"{o}dinger operators defined on a finite network are examples of those self--adjoint operators. Any elliptic operator d...
1,116,691,499,959
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Simulations of Wilson-type fermions at realistic quark masses require an improved action with good chiral properties and scaling behavior. A systematic improvement scheme that removes discretization errors order by order in the lattice spacing $a$ has been proposed by Symanzik~\cite{Symanzik:19...
1,116,691,499,960
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The development of robust methods for the computation of nonequilibrium properties of quantum many-particle systems is a crucial issue in present-day condensed matter physics, with impact on topics ranging from nonequilibrium transport in nanostructures\cite{Goldhaber-Gordon98} to pump-probe sp...
1,116,691,499,961
arxiv
\section{Introduction} {\em Quantum supermaps} \cite{CDaP1,CDaP2} are the most general admissible transformations of quantum devices. Mathematically, the action of a quantum device is associated to a set of completely positive trace non-increasing maps, called {\em quantum operations} \cite{QTOS76,Kraus71}, which t...
1,116,691,499,962
arxiv
\section{Introduction} If $A$ is an abelian group, the \textit{$A$-fibered Burnside ring} of a finite group $G$, denoted by $B^A(G)$, is the Grothendieck ring of the category of finite $A$-fibered $G$-sets. This ring was first introduced by Dress in \cite{Dress}. The case of $A=k^{\times}$ for a field $k$ is particula...
1,116,691,499,963
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} Data analysis has become a useful technique to organize, process, and analyze large amounts of data in order to obtain useful knowledge effectively such as hidden patterns, implicit correlations, future trends, customer preferences, valuable business information etc \cite...
1,116,691,499,964
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} Verse-chorus song form is a very common structure for popular music. In it, verses alternate with choruses, with the lyrics of the verses varying and the choruses repeating more strictly and more frequently. The authors of~\cite{vanbalen2013analysis} cite other generaliza...
1,116,691,499,965
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent studies have shown that despite claims of spectral scarcity, the actual licensed spectrum remains unoccupied for long periods of time~\cite{FCC}. Thus, cognitive radio (CR) systems have been proposed~\cite{CR01} in order to efficiently exploit these spectral holes. CRs or secondary users (...
1,116,691,499,966
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Disorder is ubiquitous in materials and can drastically affect their properties, especially their electronic structure and transport properties. It can induce localization of electrons and lead to a metal-insulator transition, which is known as the Anderson localization trans...
1,116,691,499,967
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Optical lattice formed by interference of counter propagating laser beams is one of the most fruitful technical inventions in the progress of atomic gas physics~\cite{FGOL}. The seminal reports (see, e.g., Ref.~\cite{quantum simulator}) indicate that this system is regarded as a quantum sim...
1,116,691,499,968
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider the problem of training a machine learning model when the true evaluation metric is difficult to optimize on the training set. This general problem arises with many flavors and in different scenarios. For example, we may have a black-box metric whose mathematical expression is unknow...
1,116,691,499,969
arxiv
\subsection*{\protect\bigskip Abstract} In this manuscript we give thought to the aftermath on the stable probability density function when standard multiplicative cascades are generalised cascades based on the $q$-product of Borges that emerged in the context of non-extensive statistical mechanics. \section{Introduc...
1,116,691,499,970
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Einstein-Maxwell theory forms the basis for other gravitational-electromagnetic theories. The Einstein-Maxwell theory arises from the Einstein-Hilbert gravitational action plus the Maxwell action. It is minimally coupled because there is no coupling in the Lagrangian between the Maxwell pa...
1,116,691,499,971
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Percolation phenomena~\cite{staufferbook} represent probably the simplest examples of phase transitions that one could possibly imagine. On infinite lattices, the process consists in occupying sites or bonds/links with some probability $p$. Nearest-neighboring occupied sites or links form clust...
1,116,691,499,972
arxiv
\section{introduction} The aim of this paper is to define and discuss two representations of the Cohomological Hall algebras, and combine them into a single representation of the algebra which is called ``full'' (or ``double'') COHA in \cite{Soi2014}. Cohomological Hall algebra (COHA for short) was introduced in \cit...
1,116,691,499,973
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction} Let $(X,g)$ be an oriented Riemannian $3$--manifold and $P \rightarrow X$ a principal $G$--bundle, where $G$ is a compact Lie group. (Magnetic) \emph{monopoles} are solutions $(A,\Phi )$ to the \emph{Bogomolny equation} \begin{equation}\label{eqn:Bogomolny} \ast F_{A}=d_{...
1,116,691,499,974
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently we have proposed a vector theory of gravity~\cite{ref:1}. In this theory the four dimensional Spacetime is assumed to be equipped with a non-dynamical metric $g_{\mu\nu}$ which is the background metric to give the Spacetime the notion of world length. Any given metric is legitimate, bu...
1,116,691,499,975
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In water waves theory, the Euler equations describe the irrotational flow of an ideal incompressible fluid of infinite depth with a free surface. Their symplectic formulation was discovered by \cite{Zakharov1968} in terms of the free-surface elevation $\eta(x,t)$ and the velocity potential $\ens...
1,116,691,499,976
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\omega:\, [0,1]\rightarrow [0,\infty)$ be a measurable function. The {\it weighted Hardy operator} $H_{\omega}$ is defined on all complex-valued measurable functions $f$ on $\mathbb R^n$ as follows: $$H_{\omega}f(x):=\int^1_{0}f(tx)\omega(t)\,dt,\hspace{3mm}x\in \mathbb{ R}^n.$$ Under certa...
1,116,691,499,977
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Gravitational waves are a promising new tool for astrophysics, capable of bringing breakthroughs in our understanding of the Universe. Currently, an array of ground-based interferometers are undergoing upgrades that should lead to the first direct detection of gravitational waves within this...
1,116,691,499,978
arxiv
\section{Background information}\label{Background} For any field $K$ and directed graph $E$ the Leavitt path algebra $L_K(E)$ has been the focus of sustained investigation since 2004. We put off until Section \ref{Sect:K_0lpasC_n^3} a detailed description of these algebras, choosing instead to focus first on the c...
1,116,691,499,979
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It has long been anticipated that the DESY $ep$ collider HERA would provide a good opportunity to study prompt photon production in photoproduction processes \cite{aur1}. Over the past few years various calculations of this process have been performed leading to continuous improvements in their...
1,116,691,499,980
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} The explosion of a supernova triggered by the collapse of a massive star produces several solar masses of stellar ejecta expanding at $\sim 10^4 {\rm\ km\ s}^{-1}$ into surrounding circumstellar (CSM) and interstellar (ISM) material. The resulting forward shock compresses and heats...
1,116,691,499,981
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\mathbb{F}_q$ be the finite field with order $q$, where $q=p^l$ and $p$ is an odd prime. In the vector space $\mathbb{F}_q^d$, we can consider the following distance map \begin{equation}\label{distance} \lambda: (x,y)\longmapsto\|x-y\|=(x_1-y_1)^2+\ldots+(x_d-y_d)^2. \end{equation} For ...
1,116,691,499,982
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \documentclass[twocolumn,showpacs,preprintnumbers,amsmath,amssymb,epsfig]{revtex4} \usepackage{graphicx \usepackage{dcolumn \usepackage{bm \usepackage{epsfig} \usepackage{hyperref} \usepackage{float} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{epsfig,floatflt} \usepackage{subfigure} \usepackage[usenames...
1,116,691,499,983
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The \IEEEPARstart{I}{EEE} 802.11 \cite{Stand2012} WiFi standard has achieved massive market penetration due to its low cost, easy deployment and high bandwidth. Also, with the recent emergence of naked-eye 3D mobile devices, such as Amazon's 3D Fire Phone, HTC's EVO 3D, LG's Optimus 3D, and Shar...
1,116,691,499,984
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Sparked by the ambition to dynamically manipulate microparticles in solution, there have been major advances in the development of experimental methods to control ultrasound acoustic fields at the microscale~\cite{Drinkwater2016, Bruus2011c}, for example, using bulk acoustic waves~\cite{Laurell2...
1,116,691,499,985
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} A nodal surface is a projective surface with only ordinary double points as singularities. A set of nodes of a surface $F$ is said to be even if there is a double cover $S\rightarrow F$ branched exactly in the nodes from that set. In \cite{catanese-tonoli}, Catanese and Tonoli showed that ...
1,116,691,499,986
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $p$ be a prime number, then there exists pairs of ($p$-adic) elliptic modular eigenforms $(f,g)$ of level $\Gamma_0(p)\cap \Gamma_1(N)$ for some $p\nmid N$ such that $f$ and $g$ share the same eigenvalues for Hecke operators $T_{\ell}$ when $\ell\nmid pN$ (i.e. $f$ and $g$ are associated wit...
1,116,691,499,987
arxiv
\section{Text2Human} Our aim is to generate human images conditioned on texts describing the attributes of clothes (clothes shapes and clothes textures). Given a human pose $P \in \mathbb{R}^{H \times W}$, texts for clothes shapes $T_{shape}$, and texts for clothes textures $T_{texture}$, the output should be the corr...
1,116,691,499,988
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Conductive oxides are essential components in composite oxide heterostructures where they are often used as electrode materials in thin film applications.\cite{Marrec_et_al:2002,Takahashi/Tokura_et_al:2005,Gallagher/Parkin_2006} In the perovskite crystal family ($AB$O$_3$ stoichiometry), the it...
1,116,691,499,989
arxiv
\section{Section title} The pinning of vortices in superconducting films by arrays of magnetic dipoles placed in the vicinity of the film is a topic that has received a great deal of attention lately. Most of the experimental\cite{rev1} and theoretical\cite{coff,wei,sah,myp,mp,gmc1} work carried out so far deals with ...
1,116,691,499,990
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The equations of perfect hydrodynamics have no internal scale, and hence they describe aspects of the time evolution of systems with vastly different sizes: from galactic clusters and galaxies through stars, planets and human-scale systems, down to the femtometer scale sQGP, created in heavy ion ...
1,116,691,499,991
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In formation shape control, a group of interacting mobile agents are commanded to acquire and maintain a desired geometric pattern in space. A well-known method for solving this problem involves regulating a set of inter-agent distances to values prescribed by the desired shape \citep{de201...
1,116,691,499,992
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Optomechanics explores the interaction between light and mechanical objects, with a strong experimental focus on micro- and nanoscale systems. It has potential to observe quantum effects like entanglement on a macroscopic object and to apply them to quantum information processing. Furthermore, it...
1,116,691,499,993
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Van Assche (1987) introduced the notion of a random variable $Z$ uniformly distributed between two independent random variables $X_1$ and $X_2$, which arose in studying the distribution of products of random $2\times2$ matrices for stochastic search of global maxima. By letting $X_1$ and $X...
1,116,691,499,994
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this short note, I wish to describe a family of Schr\"odinger operators on $l^2({\mathbb N})$ whose spectrum is an interval. To set the stage introduce for a bounded sequence $V: {\mathbb N}\to{\mathbb R}$ and $u \in l^2({\mathbb N})$ the Schr\"odinger operator $H_V$ defined by \begin{align} ...
1,116,691,499,995
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The crucial difference of ``exterior algebra" in the super case from the usual case is that the analog of the ``top exterior power" for a ${\mathbb Z_{2}}$-graded vector space cannot be obtained by tensor operations. This is because the determinant in the super case (the Berezinian) is not a ...
1,116,691,499,996
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We use $|U|$ to denote the cardinality of set $U$. Let $G=(V_{G},E_{G})$ be a graph with vertex set $V_{G}$ and edge set $E_{G}$. Let $n_{G}:=|V_{G}|$ and $m_{G}:=|E_{G}|$ be the order and size of $G$, respectively. Denote by $N_{G}(u)$ the neighbors of vertex $u$, $d_{G}(u):=|N_{G}(u)|$ the deg...
1,116,691,499,997
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Echo State Networks (ESN) are neural networks designed for performing complex non-linear regression or classification tasks, such as non-linear time-series forecasting \cite{jaeger2001short, jaeger2004harnessing}. As an instance of a more general framework called reservoir computing \cite{lukovse...
1,116,691,499,998
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The collective properties of stable Pd isotopes (Z=46) have been the focus of several experimental and theoretical studies in the past decades. They have been considered as ``transitional'' nuclei, displaying a character that varies from vibrational to $\gamma$ unstable. Indeed, detailed analys...
1,116,691,499,999
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A few months after its launch in December 2013, the ESA-Gaia mission (Gaia Collaboration \citeyear{gaia16}) started to produce regularly Alerts on photometric variability of targets which crossed its field of view \footnote{http://gsaweb.ast.cam.ac.uk/alerts}. The variability is derived fro...
1,116,691,500,000
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) is a stochastic interacting particle system which serves as a paradigmatic model for nonequilibrium behaviour \cite{Spoh91,Ligg99,Gunter}. The dynamics of this lattice gas model is characterized by the updating law. In one dimension on the...
1,116,691,500,001
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent Let $G_n = GL_n, U_n, Sp_{2n}, O_n$ be one of the families of general linear, unitary, symplectic, and orthogonal groups. In this paper we consider the centres of the group algebras of $G_n(\mathbb{F}_q)$. Our main results are certain ``stability'' properties for the multiplication in $...
1,116,691,500,002
arxiv
\section{Applications} \label{sec:Apps} In this section we illustrate the computational power of the slack ideal in answering three types of questions that one can ask about realizations of polytopes. We anticipate further applications. \subsection{Abstract polytope with no realizations} Checking if an abstract poly...
1,116,691,500,003
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Throughout the paper, we always assume that $H$ is a complex Hilbert space with inner product $<\cdot,\cdot>$, $B(H)$ is the $C^*$--algebra of all bounded linear operators on $H$ and $\aa$ is a $C^*$--algebra with the unit $1$. Let $\aa_+$ denote the set of all positive elements in $\aa$. It...
1,116,691,500,004
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The rapid development of spin-orbital physics and quantum information in recent years motivates the search for the realizations of intrinsically frustrated orbital (or pseudospin) interactions. Such interactions lead to radically different behavior from Heisenberg SU(2) isotropic exchange,...
1,116,691,500,005
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The idea of the integer lattice gas developed by Blommel \textit{et al.}~\cite{blommel2018integer} extends traditional Boolean lattice gases \cite{FHP,doolen1991lattice}, that allow only one particle per lattice link to instead allow for an integer number of particles. This cures problems with th...
1,116,691,500,006
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Medical treatments often compose a sequence of intervention decisions that are made adaptive to the time-varying clinical status and conditions of a patient, which are coined as \emph{Dynamic Treatment Regimes} (DTRs \cite{Lavori2000}). ``How can we optimize the sequence of specific treatments f...
1,116,691,500,007
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It was nearly 50 years ago that Askaryan proposed to detect high energy particles through the coherent pulse they emit as they interact in a dense medium~\cite{Askaryan62}. As secondary electrons, positrons and gamma rays are produced they develop electromagnetic showers in the medium which a...
1,116,691,500,008
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $K$ be a positive integer. A symmetric subset $A$ of a group $G$ is a $K$-approximate subgroup if there is a finite subset $E\subseteq G$ such that $|E|\leq K$ and $AA\subseteq EA$. The formal definition of an approximate subgroup was introduced by Tao in \cite{tao}. Since then many important...
1,116,691,500,009
arxiv
\section{Proofs}\label{ec:sec:Proofs} We define a constant $\ensuremath{\Gamma} \coloneqq {(1+\gamma)}/{(1-\gamma)}$ which we will use in various proofs. \subsection{Additional Details of Assumption \ref{asm:VFcontinuity}}\label{subsec:SumAssump} Assumptions \ref{asm:VFcontinuity} and \ref{asm:random basis function} w...
1,116,691,500,010
arxiv
\section{Introduction} High temperature superconductivity was discovered in cuprates in 1986.\cite{BM8689} The rapid raising of the transition temperature to well above the melting point of nitrogen \cite{WAT8708} shattered the old record of 23~K. Furthermore, the fact that high $T_c$ superconductivity was discovered i...
1,116,691,500,011
arxiv
\section{I. Introduction} \noindent The promise of quantum computation is to enable new algorithm which renders physical problems using exorbitant physical resources for their solution on a classical computer. There are two broader class of algorithms. The first class is build upon \textit{Shor's quantum fourier tran...
1,116,691,500,012
arxiv
\subsection*{1. Proof of Theorem $1$} For any three different nodes $p_i, p_j, p_k$ in $\mathbb{R}^3$, the condition $\theta_i+\theta_j+\theta_k = \pi$ must hold. The angle constraints can be rewritten as \begin{align}\label{para1} & w_{ik}d_{ik}d_{ij}\cos \theta_i + w_{ki}d_{ik}d_{jk}\cos \theta_k =0, \\ \label{par...
1,116,691,500,013
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{dfnz} A {\em Ricci Soliton} is a smooth $n$--dimensional complete Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$ such that there exists a smooth 1--form $\omega$ such that \begin{equation}\label{soliton} 2{\mathrm R}_{ij}+\nabla_i\omega_j+\nabla_j\omega_i=\frac{2\mu}{n}g_{ij} \end{equation} for some consta...
1,116,691,500,014
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Intorduction} Conventionally, fixed energy supplies (e.g. batteries) are employed to power energy-constrained wireless networks, such as sensor networks. The lifetime of the network is typically limited, and is thus one of the most important considerations for designing such networks. To p...