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1,116,691,499,915 | arxiv | \section{I. Introduction}
The rapid development of superconducting quantum electronics has motivated a search for near quantum-limited microwave amplifiers for the low-noise readout of qubits and linear cavity resonators. It was long ago recognized that the dc Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (dc SQUID) can... |
1,116,691,499,916 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Multidimensional hydrodynamic instabilities play a central role in the explosion mechanism of most core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe). Though this has been repeatedly demonstrated in a variety of contexts \citep[][]{Hera92,Burr93,Hera94,Burr95a,Jank96,Mare09}, there is as yet no definitive underst... |
1,116,691,499,917 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Despite much effort, the composition of high-energy (above $10^{15}$ eV)
cosmic-rays is poorly known. Satellite and balloon experiments have insufficient
exposure for high-statistics measurements. Terrestrial experiments have used the
electromagnetic and low energy muon components of air show... |
1,116,691,499,918 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
\label{cha:acknowledgements}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Acknowledgements}
We acknowledge financial support from
the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) and the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India;
the Bundesministerium f\"ur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Germany;
the Carl-Z... |
1,116,691,499,919 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
\PARstart{G}{ames} have existed in all human societies and many other animal species. While some of the oldest board games, such as Go, Backgammon, or Checkers, are still played today, video games have become one of the most relevant forms of entertainment in our society, with budge... |
1,116,691,499,920 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Reaction systems, introduced in 2007 by Ehrenfeucht and Rozenberg \cite{ehrenfeucht2007reaction}, are elementary computational models inspired
by biochemical reactions taking place within the living cells.
This study belongs to one of the diverse research lines initiated in \cite{ehrenf... |
1,116,691,499,921 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:intro} Introduction}
Recent studies of quasar absorption systems have suggested that the fine structure constant, $\alpha = e^2/\hbar c$, may have been smaller in the early universe than it is today on Earth \cite{webb99prl,webb01prl,murphy01mnrasA,webb03ass}. Other groups using different telescope... |
1,116,691,499,922 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The goal of this paper is to present a fully relativistic
calculation of the two-particle two-hole (2p-2h) contributions to
the inclusive $(e,e')$ response functions of nuclei for intermediate
to high momentum transfers in a Fermi gas model. Consistency with
perturbation theory is maintained an... |
1,116,691,499,923 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
The iliopsoas muscles, predominantly made up of slow-twitch fibers, are a composite of the psoas major and iliacus muscles; they are anatomically separate in the abdomen and pelvis but are merged together in the thigh. The iliopsoas is engaged during most day to day activities, including postur... |
1,116,691,499,924 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
NLP systems that operate in more than one language have been proven effective in tasks such as cross-lingual natural language understanding and machine translation \cite{devlin-etal-2019-bert, conneau-etal-2020-unsupervised, aharoni-etal-2019-massively}. The performance of suc... |
1,116,691,499,925 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent The United States' constitution stipulates that the president serves a 4 year term, with a maximum of two terms. In 2016, Republican candidate Donald Trump and Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton both ran for the presidency. Donald Trump won, becoming the 45th President of the United S... |
1,116,691,499,926 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The cell, an active agent, is the basic unit of life. The motion of a single cell has been studied intensively in the past few decades\cite{lauffenburger1996cell,horwitz1999cell,bray2000cell,ponti2004two,li2009actin,raab2012crawling,novikova2017persistence,van2018mechanoreciprocity}. However, cel... |
1,116,691,499,927 | arxiv | \section{\bf Introduction} \label{S1}
\end{center}
The Einstein's general theory of relativity (GR) could not supply scientist by any explanation that can support the discovery of the expansion rate of our universe that has been established 20 years ago by various observations \cite{GR}--\cite{He}. Therefore, s... |
1,116,691,499,928 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Dense neutrino gases in early universe or emitted from core-collapse supernovae (SNe) represent
unique cases to probe the effect of the neutrino-neutrino interactions on the
flavor conversions. Indeed, in these environments the neutrino-neutrino interactions would
generate a large neutrin... |
1,116,691,499,929 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Nowadays it became customary when speaking about VLBI astrometry
to implicitly assume differential astrometry
\citep[see, for instance,][]{r:honma_redi14,r:rio20}.
Differential VLBI astrometry is based on analysis of fringe phase
differences between a target and a calibrator located within ... |
1,116,691,499,930 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Despite huge efforts of researchers and industry put into identifying vulnerable
software,
many software systems still suffer from various security weaknesses.
The concept of a code property graph (CPG) \cite{yamaguchi2014modeling} has been
introduced to simplify the identification of vulnerabil... |
1,116,691,499,931 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Most molecular electronic structure methods rely on different descriptions for ground and excited states.
The ground state is described first, at a given level of theory, providing a baseline for later accessing the excited states, which in turn makes use of another approach or... |
1,116,691,499,932 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of submanifolds of a given ambiant space is a naturel interesting problem which enriches our knowledge and understanding of the geometry of the space itself, see \cite{Berger, Carmo}. The theory of ruled surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^3$ is a classical subject in diffrential geometry and ruled... |
1,116,691,499,933 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The axion which was initially introduced as a solution to the strong CP problem \cite{Peccei:1977hh, Peccei:1977ur, Weinberg:1977ma, Wilczek:1977pj} has turned out to have many interesting phenomenological consequences \cite{Kim:2008hd,DiLuzio:2020wdo,Choi:2020rgn}.
After recognizing that axi... |
1,116,691,499,934 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Observations with the {\it Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer} (EUVE) have provided
evidence that a number of clusters of galaxies produce intense EUV
emission (e.g., Bowyer et al. 1997). The initial explanation for this emission
was that it is produced by
a diffuse, (5--10) $\times 10^5$K thermal ga... |
1,116,691,499,935 | arxiv | \subsubsection*{\bibname}}
\bibliographystyle{abbrvnat}
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\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{psfrag}
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{subfigure}
\usepackage{algorithmic}
\usepackage[linesnumbered,ruled]{algorithm2e
\... |
1,116,691,499,936 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Intro}
Several theories based on the picture of particle-hole excitations have successfully described the nuclear spin-isospin response.
Not only the lowest-order one-particle one-hole (1p1h) excitation but also many-particle many-hole
excitations have been observed to play a significant r... |
1,116,691,499,937 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The paper concerns the problems of the long-time convergence
to the equilibrium distribution for the discrete systems.
For one-dimensional chains of harmonic oscillators the problem is analyzed
in \cite{BPT, SL}: in \cite{SL} -- for initial measures
which have distinct temperatures to the left... |
1,116,691,499,938 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
We propose a new approach for solving a class of discrete decision
making problems under uncertainty with positive cost. This issue
concerns multiple and diverse fields such as engineering, economics,
artificial intelligence, cognitive science and many
others. Basically, an agent has to c... |
1,116,691,499,939 | arxiv | \subsection*{\hbox{}\hfill{\normalsize\sl #1}\hfill\hbox{}}}
\textheight 23truecm \textwidth 15truecm
\addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{-1.05truecm}
\addtolength{\topmargin}{-1.5truecm}
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\begin{document}
\title{Moduli of pre-${\cal D}$-modules, perve... |
1,116,691,499,940 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $G$ be a finite group, and let \({\rm cd}(G)\) denote the \emph{degree set} of $G$, i.e., the set of degrees of the irreducible complex characters of $G$. In the paper ``Research in Representation Theory at Mainz (1984--1990)" (\cite{mainz}), Bertram Huppert writes: ``Several special results... |
1,116,691,499,941 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The epoch of reionization (EoR) is a major transition period for the Universe. During this time, the first luminous sources form, which begin to reionize the intergalactic medium (IGM) that is mostly neutral hydrogen as a result of recombination. Eventually, as dark matter haloes grow, galaxies ... |
1,116,691,499,942 | arxiv | \section{Misfit strain accomodation}
The lattice mismatch for the semiconductor layer with lattice
constant $a$ is measured by the misfit parameter $f_m$
\begin{displaymath}
f_m = \frac{a-a_s}{a_s}
\end{displaymath}
where $a_s$ is the lattice constant of the substrate.
The misfit parameter for the $\mathrm{Ge_x... |
1,116,691,499,943 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\newcommand{\reff}[1]{eq.~(\ref{#1})}
Quantification of entanglement remains as a major challenge in quantum
information theory.
For a state of a bi-partite system, it is well
known that a measure for the entanglement between the two subsystems is
given by the von Neumann entropy \cite{pr}.
For a two... |
1,116,691,499,944 | arxiv | \section{\small{\bf {Introduction}}} \label{in}
Quantum oscillator is an important model in various branches of physics, i.e,
quantum mechanics, quantum field theory, string theory and gravity due to its
exact solvability and overcomplete symmetry. The symmetry is manifested
through angular momentum degeneracy of the... |
1,116,691,499,945 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The derivation of process models from partial observations has received significant attention in the last
years, as it enables eliciting evidence-based formal representations of the real processes running in a
system~\cite{AalstBook}. This discipline, known as \emph{process discovery}, h... |
1,116,691,499,946 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many theoretical calculations, including lattice QCD,
predicted existence of glueballs (particles dominantly made of
gluons) with masses $M >$ 1.5 GeV.
No one of them was up to now unambiguously identified.
The nature of scalar mesons below 2 GeV is also not well understood.
The lowest mass m... |
1,116,691,499,947 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{secIntro}
In many cell types, cell membranes are composed \cite{phillips12} of a diverse array of lipids, organized as a lipid bilayer, and membrane proteins, which play a central role in most cellular processes. Membrane proteins are rigid compared to the surrounding lipid bilayer \... |
1,116,691,499,948 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Fluid flow in small droplets or vesicles is essential for many
biological and chemical processes, both in artificially fabricated
microdroplets and in biological cells. Droplet
microfluidics~\cite{Teh2008, Chou2015} has a rapidly growing range of
applications including molecular detection, imagi... |
1,116,691,499,949 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Metal-insulator transition (MIT) materials undergo an electronic phase change from a metallic to an insulating state as a function of applied external conditions, i.e.,
temperature, pressure, or doping. The transition is typically discerned through optical and/or transport
measurements.\cite{Im... |
1,116,691,499,950 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Spin Glasses (SG) are disordered magnetic alloys that are generally
regarded as particularly convenient model systems for the study of
glassy behaviour~\cite{mydosh:93,fisher:93}. Indeed, ideas originating
in the SG context have been fruitful in the study of structural
glasses, optimisation in c... |
1,116,691,499,951 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{-3pt}
\begin{quote}
\it \small
Abduction $\cdots$ consists in studying facts and devising a theory
to explain them. \\
\mbox{}\hfill -- Charles Sanders Peirce (1839 -- 1914)
\vspace{-3pt}
\end{quote}
\textit{Abductive reasoning}~\cite{peirce1931collected} was coined by Charles Sanders P... |
1,116,691,499,952 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
At present, there is widespread interest in interfaces and heterostructures between SrTiO$_3$ (STO) and polar perovksite materials such as LaAlO$_3$ (LAO). Transition metal oxides are characterized by strong local interactions that often lead to novel magnetic, superco... |
1,116,691,499,953 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s:intro}
The representation dimension of a finite group $G$, denoted
by $\rdim (G)$, is the minimal dimension of a faithful
complex linear representation of $G$. In this paper we determine
the maximal representation dimension of a group of
order $p^{n}$. We are motivated by a recent ... |
1,116,691,499,954 | arxiv |
\section{The \bibifi Case Study}\label{subsec:bififi}
As a real world web application of \lweb, we present \emph{Build it,
Break it, Fix it} (\bibifi), a security-oriented programming
contest~\cite{Ruef:2016:BBF:2976749.2978382} hosted at
\url{https://builditbreakit.org}. The contest consists of three
rounds. At t... |
1,116,691,499,955 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
Recent years, image classification has been a classical issue in computer vision. Many successful algorithms~\cite{yu2012adaptive,shi2018hypergraph,wright2009robust,yu2014high,song2018euler,yu2013pairwise,wang2018iterative,yu2012image,yang2009linear,yang2017discriminative,li... |
1,116,691,499,956 | arxiv | \section{\uppercase{Introduction}}
\label{sec:introduction}
\noindent Many tasks in pattern recognition and machine learning rely on the ability to quantify local
similarities in data, and to infer meaningful global structure
from such local characteristics~\cite{coifman:lafon:lee}. In the
classification framework, th... |
1,116,691,499,957 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Polars are magnetic cataclysmic binaries consisting of a late-type
main-sequence star and a strongly magnetic white dwarf locked in synchronous
rotation. EF\,Eri\ was one of the 11 polars known in the pre-ROSAT era, it was the
second brightest at optical and at X-ray wavelengths
after the proto... |
1,116,691,499,958 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introducton}
Discrete elliptic operators can be seen as the discrete counter part of elliptic partial differential operators. In particular, positive semi--definite Schr\"{o}dinger operators defined on a finite network are examples of those self--adjoint operators. Any elliptic operator d... |
1,116,691,499,959 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Simulations of Wilson-type fermions at realistic quark masses require an
improved action with good chiral properties and scaling behavior.
A systematic improvement scheme that removes discretization errors order by
order in the lattice spacing $a$ has been proposed by
Symanzik~\cite{Symanzik:19... |
1,116,691,499,960 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The development of robust methods for the computation of nonequilibrium properties of quantum many-particle systems is a crucial issue in present-day condensed matter physics, with impact on topics ranging from nonequilibrium transport in nanostructures\cite{Goldhaber-Gordon98} to pump-probe sp... |
1,116,691,499,961 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
{\em Quantum supermaps} \cite{CDaP1,CDaP2} are the most general admissible transformations of quantum devices. Mathematically, the action of a quantum device is associated to a set of completely positive trace non-increasing maps, called {\em quantum operations} \cite{QTOS76,Kraus71}, which t... |
1,116,691,499,962 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
If $A$ is an abelian group, the \textit{$A$-fibered Burnside ring} of a finite group $G$, denoted by $B^A(G)$, is the Grothendieck ring of the category of finite $A$-fibered $G$-sets.
This ring was first introduced by Dress in \cite{Dress}. The case of $A=k^{\times}$ for a field $k$ is particula... |
1,116,691,499,963 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Data analysis has become a useful technique to organize, process, and analyze large amounts of data in order to obtain useful knowledge effectively such as hidden patterns, implicit correlations, future trends, customer preferences, valuable business information etc \cite... |
1,116,691,499,964 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Verse-chorus song form is a very common structure for popular music.
In it, verses alternate with choruses, with the lyrics of the verses varying and the choruses repeating more strictly and more frequently.
The authors of~\cite{vanbalen2013analysis}
cite other generaliza... |
1,116,691,499,965 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent studies have shown that despite claims of spectral scarcity, the actual
licensed spectrum remains unoccupied for long periods of time~\cite{FCC}. Thus,
cognitive radio (CR) systems have been proposed~\cite{CR01} in order to efficiently
exploit these spectral holes. CRs or secondary users (... |
1,116,691,499,966 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Disorder is ubiquitous in materials and can drastically affect their properties, especially their
electronic structure and transport properties. It can induce localization of electrons and lead to a
metal-insulator transition, which is known as the Anderson localization trans... |
1,116,691,499,967 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Optical lattice formed by interference of counter propagating laser
beams is one of the most fruitful technical inventions in the progress
of atomic gas physics~\cite{FGOL}.
The seminal reports (see, e.g., Ref.~\cite{quantum simulator}) indicate
that this system is regarded as a quantum sim... |
1,116,691,499,968 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
We consider the problem of training a machine learning model when the true evaluation metric is difficult to optimize on the training set. This general problem arises with many flavors and in different scenarios. For example, we may have a black-box metric whose mathematical expression is unknow... |
1,116,691,499,969 | arxiv | \subsection*{\protect\bigskip Abstract}
In this manuscript we give thought to the aftermath on the stable
probability density function when standard multiplicative cascades are
generalised cascades based on the $q$-product of Borges that emerged in the
context of non-extensive statistical mechanics.
\section{Introduc... |
1,116,691,499,970 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Einstein-Maxwell theory forms the basis for other
gravitational-electromagnetic theories. The Einstein-Maxwell
theory arises from the Einstein-Hilbert gravitational action plus
the Maxwell action. It is minimally coupled because there is no
coupling in the Lagrangian between the Maxwell pa... |
1,116,691,499,971 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Percolation phenomena~\cite{staufferbook} represent probably the simplest examples of phase transitions that one could
possibly imagine. On infinite lattices, the process consists in occupying sites or bonds/links with some
probability $p$. Nearest-neighboring occupied sites or links form clust... |
1,116,691,499,972 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
The aim of this paper is to define and discuss two representations of the Cohomological Hall algebras, and combine them into a single representation of the algebra which is called ``full'' (or ``double'') COHA in \cite{Soi2014}.
Cohomological Hall algebra (COHA for short) was introduced in \cit... |
1,116,691,499,973 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction}
Let $(X,g)$ be an oriented Riemannian $3$--manifold and $P \rightarrow X$ a principal $G$--bundle, where $G$ is a compact Lie group. (Magnetic) \emph{monopoles} are solutions $(A,\Phi )$ to the \emph{Bogomolny equation}
\begin{equation}\label{eqn:Bogomolny}
\ast F_{A}=d_{... |
1,116,691,499,974 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently we have proposed a vector theory of gravity~\cite{ref:1}.
In this theory the four dimensional Spacetime is assumed to be equipped with a non-dynamical metric $g_{\mu\nu}$ which is the background metric to give the Spacetime the notion of world length.
Any given metric is legitimate, bu... |
1,116,691,499,975 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In water waves theory, the Euler equations describe the irrotational flow of an ideal incompressible fluid of infinite depth with a free surface. Their symplectic formulation was discovered by \cite{Zakharov1968} in terms of the free-surface elevation $\eta(x,t)$ and the velocity potential $\ens... |
1,116,691,499,976 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\omega:\, [0,1]\rightarrow [0,\infty)$ be a measurable function.
The {\it weighted Hardy
operator} $H_{\omega}$ is defined on all complex-valued measurable
functions $f$ on $\mathbb R^n$ as follows:
$$H_{\omega}f(x):=\int^1_{0}f(tx)\omega(t)\,dt,\hspace{3mm}x\in \mathbb{ R}^n.$$
Under certa... |
1,116,691,499,977 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Gravitational waves are a promising new tool for astrophysics, capable of
bringing breakthroughs in our understanding of the
Universe. Currently, an array of ground-based interferometers are undergoing
upgrades that should lead to the first direct
detection of gravitational waves within this... |
1,116,691,499,978 | arxiv | \section{Background information}\label{Background}
For any field $K$ and directed graph $E$ the Leavitt path algebra $L_K(E)$ has been the focus of sustained investigation since 2004. We put off until Section \ref{Sect:K_0lpasC_n^3} a detailed description of these algebras, choosing instead to focus first on the c... |
1,116,691,499,979 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It has long been anticipated that the DESY $ep$ collider HERA would
provide a good opportunity to study prompt photon production in
photoproduction processes \cite{aur1}. Over the past few years various
calculations of this process have been performed leading to continuous
improvements in their... |
1,116,691,499,980 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:1}
The explosion of a supernova triggered by the collapse of a massive
star produces several solar masses of stellar ejecta expanding at
$\sim 10^4 {\rm\ km\ s}^{-1}$ into surrounding circumstellar (CSM)
and interstellar (ISM) material. The resulting forward shock
compresses and heats... |
1,116,691,499,981 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\mathbb{F}_q$ be the finite field with order $q$, where $q=p^l$ and $p$ is an odd prime. In the vector space $\mathbb{F}_q^d$, we can consider the following distance map
\begin{equation}\label{distance}
\lambda: (x,y)\longmapsto\|x-y\|=(x_1-y_1)^2+\ldots+(x_d-y_d)^2.
\end{equation}
For ... |
1,116,691,499,982 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\documentclass[twocolumn,showpacs,preprintnumbers,amsmath,amssymb,epsfig]{revtex4}
\usepackage{graphicx
\usepackage{dcolumn
\usepackage{bm
\usepackage{epsfig}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{epsfig,floatflt}
\usepackage{subfigure}
\usepackage[usenames... |
1,116,691,499,983 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The \IEEEPARstart{I}{EEE} 802.11 \cite{Stand2012} WiFi standard has achieved
massive market penetration due to its low cost, easy deployment and high
bandwidth. Also, with the recent emergence of naked-eye 3D mobile devices,
such as Amazon's 3D Fire Phone, HTC's EVO 3D, LG's Optimus 3D, and Shar... |
1,116,691,499,984 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Sparked by the ambition to dynamically manipulate microparticles in solution, there have been major advances in the development of experimental methods to control ultrasound acoustic fields at the microscale~\cite{Drinkwater2016, Bruus2011c}, for example, using bulk acoustic waves~\cite{Laurell2... |
1,116,691,499,985 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
A nodal surface is a projective surface with only ordinary double points as
singularities.
A set of nodes of a surface $F$ is said to be even if
there is a double cover $S\rightarrow F$ branched exactly in the nodes from
that set.
In \cite{catanese-tonoli}, Catanese and Tonoli showed that ... |
1,116,691,499,986 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $p$ be a prime number, then there exists pairs of ($p$-adic) elliptic modular eigenforms $(f,g)$ of level $\Gamma_0(p)\cap \Gamma_1(N)$ for some $p\nmid N$ such that $f$ and $g$ share the same eigenvalues for Hecke operators $T_{\ell}$ when $\ell\nmid pN$ (i.e. $f$ and $g$ are associated wit... |
1,116,691,499,987 | arxiv | \section{Text2Human}
Our aim is to generate human images conditioned on texts describing the attributes of clothes (clothes shapes and clothes textures).
Given a human pose $P \in \mathbb{R}^{H \times W}$, texts for clothes shapes $T_{shape}$, and texts for clothes textures $T_{texture}$, the output should be the corr... |
1,116,691,499,988 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Conductive oxides are essential components in composite oxide
heterostructures where they are often used as electrode materials in thin film
applications.\cite{Marrec_et_al:2002,Takahashi/Tokura_et_al:2005,Gallagher/Parkin_2006}
In the perovskite crystal family ($AB$O$_3$ stoichiometry), the it... |
1,116,691,499,989 | arxiv | \section{Section title}
The pinning of vortices in superconducting films by arrays of magnetic dipoles placed in the vicinity of the film is a topic that has received a great deal of attention lately. Most of the experimental\cite{rev1} and theoretical\cite{coff,wei,sah,myp,mp,gmc1} work carried out so far deals with ... |
1,116,691,499,990 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The equations of perfect hydrodynamics have no internal scale, and hence they describe aspects of the time evolution of
systems with vastly different sizes: from galactic clusters and galaxies through stars, planets and human-scale
systems, down to the femtometer scale sQGP, created in heavy ion ... |
1,116,691,499,991 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In formation shape control, a group of interacting mobile agents are
commanded to acquire and maintain a desired geometric pattern in space. A
well-known method for solving this problem involves regulating a set of
inter-agent distances to values prescribed by the desired shape \citep{de201... |
1,116,691,499,992 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Optomechanics explores the interaction between light and mechanical objects, with a strong experimental focus on micro- and nanoscale systems. It has potential to observe quantum effects like entanglement on a macroscopic object and to apply them to quantum information processing. Furthermore, it... |
1,116,691,499,993 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Van Assche (1987) introduced the notion of a random variable $Z$
uniformly distributed between two independent random variables $X_1$
and $X_2$, which arose in studying the distribution of products of
random $2\times2$ matrices for stochastic search of global maxima.
By letting $X_1$ and $X... |
1,116,691,499,994 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this short note, I wish to describe a family of Schr\"odinger
operators on $l^2({\mathbb N})$ whose spectrum is an interval. To set
the stage introduce for a bounded sequence $V: {\mathbb N}\to{\mathbb R}$ and
$u \in l^2({\mathbb N})$ the Schr\"odinger operator $H_V$ defined
by
\begin{align}
... |
1,116,691,499,995 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
The crucial difference of ``exterior algebra" in the super case
from the usual case is that the analog of the ``top exterior
power" for a ${\mathbb Z_{2}}$-graded vector space cannot be obtained by
tensor operations. This is because the determinant in the super
case (the Berezinian) is not a ... |
1,116,691,499,996 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We use $|U|$ to denote the cardinality of set $U$.
Let $G=(V_{G},E_{G})$ be a graph with vertex set $V_{G}$ and edge set $E_{G}$.
Let $n_{G}:=|V_{G}|$ and $m_{G}:=|E_{G}|$ be the order and size of $G$, respectively.
Denote by $N_{G}(u)$ the neighbors of vertex $u$, $d_{G}(u):=|N_{G}(u)|$ the deg... |
1,116,691,499,997 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Echo State Networks (ESN) are neural networks designed for performing complex non-linear regression or classification tasks, such as non-linear time-series forecasting \cite{jaeger2001short, jaeger2004harnessing}. As an instance of a more general framework called reservoir computing \cite{lukovse... |
1,116,691,499,998 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The collective properties of stable Pd isotopes (Z=46) have been
the focus of several experimental and theoretical studies in
the past decades.
They have been considered as ``transitional'' nuclei, displaying a character that varies from vibrational to $\gamma$ unstable. Indeed, detailed analys... |
1,116,691,499,999 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A few months after its launch in December 2013, the ESA-Gaia mission (Gaia Collaboration \citeyear{gaia16})
started to produce regularly Alerts on photometric variability of targets which crossed its field of view \footnote{http://gsaweb.ast.cam.ac.uk/alerts}.
The variability is derived fro... |
1,116,691,500,000 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) is a stochastic interacting particle system
which serves as a paradigmatic model for nonequilibrium behaviour \cite{Spoh91,Ligg99,Gunter}.
The dynamics of this lattice gas model is characterized by the updating law. In one dimension on the... |
1,116,691,500,001 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent
Let $G_n = GL_n, U_n, Sp_{2n}, O_n$ be one of the families of general linear, unitary, symplectic, and orthogonal groups. In this paper we consider the centres of the group algebras of $G_n(\mathbb{F}_q)$. Our main results are certain ``stability'' properties for the multiplication in $... |
1,116,691,500,002 | arxiv | \section{Applications}
\label{sec:Apps}
In this section we illustrate the computational power of the slack ideal in answering three types
of questions that one can ask about realizations of polytopes. We anticipate further applications.
\subsection{Abstract polytope with no realizations}
Checking if an abstract poly... |
1,116,691,500,003 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Throughout the paper, we always assume that $H$ is a complex Hilbert space with inner product $<\cdot,\cdot>$, $B(H)$ is
the $C^*$--algebra of all bounded linear operators on $H$ and $\aa$ is a $C^*$--algebra with the unit $1$. Let $\aa_+$
denote the set of all positive elements in $\aa$. It... |
1,116,691,500,004 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The rapid development of spin-orbital physics and quantum information
in recent years motivates the search for the realizations of
intrinsically frustrated orbital (or pseudospin) interactions. Such
interactions lead to radically different behavior from Heisenberg SU(2)
isotropic exchange,... |
1,116,691,500,005 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The idea of the integer lattice gas developed by Blommel \textit{et al.}~\cite{blommel2018integer} extends traditional Boolean lattice gases \cite{FHP,doolen1991lattice}, that allow only one particle per lattice link to instead allow for an integer number of particles. This cures problems with th... |
1,116,691,500,006 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Medical treatments often compose a sequence of intervention decisions that are made adaptive to the time-varying clinical status and conditions of a patient, which are coined as \emph{Dynamic Treatment Regimes} (DTRs \cite{Lavori2000}). ``How can we optimize the sequence of specific treatments f... |
1,116,691,500,007 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It was nearly 50 years ago that Askaryan proposed to detect high energy
particles through the coherent pulse they emit as they interact in a dense
medium~\cite{Askaryan62}. As secondary electrons, positrons and gamma rays are
produced they develop electromagnetic showers in the medium which
a... |
1,116,691,500,008 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} Let $K$ be a positive integer. A symmetric subset $A$ of a group $G$ is a $K$-approximate subgroup if there is a finite subset $E\subseteq G$ such that $|E|\leq K$ and $AA\subseteq EA$. The formal definition of an approximate subgroup was introduced by Tao in \cite{tao}. Since then many important... |
1,116,691,500,009 | arxiv | \section{Proofs}\label{ec:sec:Proofs}
We define a constant $\ensuremath{\Gamma} \coloneqq {(1+\gamma)}/{(1-\gamma)}$ which we will use in various proofs.
\subsection{Additional Details of Assumption \ref{asm:VFcontinuity}}\label{subsec:SumAssump}
Assumptions \ref{asm:VFcontinuity} and \ref{asm:random basis function} w... |
1,116,691,500,010 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
High temperature superconductivity was discovered in cuprates in 1986.\cite{BM8689}
The rapid raising of the transition temperature to well
above the melting point of nitrogen \cite{WAT8708}
shattered the old record of 23~K. Furthermore, the fact that high $T_c$
superconductivity was discovered i... |
1,116,691,500,011 | arxiv | \section{I. Introduction} \noindent The promise of quantum computation is to enable new algorithm which renders physical problems using
exorbitant physical resources for their solution on a classical computer. There are two broader class of algorithms. The first
class is build upon \textit{Shor's quantum fourier tran... |
1,116,691,500,012 | arxiv |
\subsection*{1. Proof of Theorem $1$}
For any three different
nodes $p_i, p_j, p_k$ in $\mathbb{R}^3$, the condition $\theta_i+\theta_j+\theta_k = \pi$ must hold.
The angle constraints can be rewritten as
\begin{align}\label{para1}
& w_{ik}d_{ik}d_{ij}\cos \theta_i + w_{ki}d_{ik}d_{jk}\cos \theta_k =0, \\
\label{par... |
1,116,691,500,013 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{dfnz}
A {\em Ricci Soliton} is a smooth $n$--dimensional complete Riemannian
manifold $(M,g)$ such that there exists a smooth 1--form $\omega$ such that
\begin{equation}\label{soliton}
2{\mathrm R}_{ij}+\nabla_i\omega_j+\nabla_j\omega_i=\frac{2\mu}{n}g_{ij}
\end{equation}
for some consta... |
1,116,691,500,014 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Intorduction}
Conventionally, fixed energy supplies (e.g. batteries) are employed to power energy-constrained wireless networks, such as sensor networks. The lifetime of the network is typically limited, and is thus one of the most important considerations for designing such networks. To p... |
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