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1,116,691,500,115 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For nearly 25 years of research on QCD, reconciliation of chiral symmetry and the lattice regularisation was considered a formidable problem. The Nielsen-Ninomiya no-go theorem prohibits local definitions of single chiral modes at finite cutoff, which reproduce the Dirac operator in the continuu... |
1,116,691,500,116 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Schwarz domain decomposition methods are the oldest domain
decomposition methods. They were invented by Hermann Amandus Schwarz
(see Figure \ref{SchwarzOriginalFig} on the left) in 1869 with a
publication in the following year \cite{Schwarz:1870:UGA}.
\begin{figure}
\centering
\tabcolsep2em
... |
1,116,691,500,117 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Lattice gauge theory is up to now the only successful nonpertubative numerical approach
to solve physical problems related to the strong interaction. Among the most reknown
recent results the prediction of a critical endpoint of the phase transition in QCD
became in the forefront of research\cit... |
1,116,691,500,118 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Establishing long distance quantum networks relies on the efficient exchange of quantum information, conveniently encoded in photonic qubits \cite{Kimble.2008}. Quantum light sources emitting at telecom wavelengths are fundamental to this endeavor, due to the minimal absorption window of standa... |
1,116,691,500,119 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well known that anti-de Sitter (AdS) gravity coupled to a scalar with mass at or slightly above the
Breitenlohner-Freedman (BF) bound \cite{Breitenlohner82} admits a large class of boundary conditions, defined by an
essentially arbitrary real function $W$, for which the conserved charg... |
1,116,691,500,120 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}First-level heading}
The $SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y$ structure of the standard model (SM) Lagrangian
requires that the massive electroweak gauge bosons, the $W$ and $Z$ bosons,
interact with one another at trilinear and quadrilinear vertices.
In the SM, the production cross section for $p\bar{p}... |
1,116,691,500,121 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Firstly electric circuit models representing a quantum particle in
the one-dimensional potential
\begin{equation}\label{schreq}
-\frac
{\hbar^2}{2m}\frac{\partial^2\psi(x)}{\partial
x^2}+V(x)\psi(x)=E\psi(x)
\end{equation}
were considered by Kron in 1945
\cite{kron}. Three types of equivalent c... |
1,116,691,500,122 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Labeled transition systems constitute a widely used model of
concurrent computation. They model processes by explicitly
describing their states and their transitions from state to state,
together with the actions that produce these transitions. Several
notions of behavioral semantics have been p... |
1,116,691,500,123 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), hypothetical particles able to account for most observations pointing at a cosmological dark matter, are expected to interact via elastic scattering off nuclei in detecting media. Detector signals would arise from the energy loss of the recoiling nuc... |
1,116,691,500,124 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
More than 30 years ago \cite{HV76} the linear mixing rule for
multicomponent strongly coupled mixtures was shown to be highly
accurate. However, only recent studies \cite{PCR09,Mixt_New} have
achieved enough accuracy to describe the corrections to the linear
mixing rule for a wide range of plasm... |
1,116,691,500,125 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The present paper reports a brief synopsis of our work on an algebraic model of {\em classical} information theory based on operator algebras. Let us recall a simple model of a communication system proposed by Shanon \cite{Shannon48}. This model has essentially four components: source, channel, ... |
1,116,691,500,126 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{0.98}\normalsize\noindent
{\it Private information retrieval (PIR)} protocols, first introduced by Chor, Goldreich, Kushilevitz,
and Sudan in~\cite{CKGS98}, allow a user to retrieve a data item from a database without
revealing any information abo... |
1,116,691,500,127 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $s\geq 1$ be an integer.
For a $s$-tuple $\ul a=(a_1,\ldots,a_s)\in\Z^s_p$ of $p$-adic integers,
let
\[
F_{\ul a}(t)={}_sF_{s-1}\left({a_1,\ldots,a_s\atop 1,\ldots, 1}:t\right)
=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{(a_1)_n}{n!}\cdots\frac{(a_s)_n}{n!}t^n
\]
be the hypergeometric power series where... |
1,116,691,500,128 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Sasakian manifolds possess a rich geometric structure (cf.
\cite{kn:Bla}, p. 73-80) and are perhaps the closest odd
dimensional analog of K\"ahlerian manifolds. In particular the
concept of holomorphic sectional curvature admits a Sasakian
counterpart, the so called $\varphi$-sectional curvature ... |
1,116,691,500,129 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As a fundamental module of quantum coherent control, accurate population transfer of spin states is the prerequisite for many quantum information processing tasks. To implement population transfer, people may first think of using Rabi oscillations. While Rabi oscillations are a convenient tool f... |
1,116,691,500,130 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
A natural number is a prime if it has only factors of $1$ and itself.
There are, by Euclidean theorem (about 350BC) infinitely many primes.
There are many patterns of primes amongst which the classical known
primes are the Mersenne primes of the form $2^{p}-1$, where $p$
is a prime {[}Da2011{]}... |
1,116,691,500,131 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Fast-Slow Systems}
Fast-slow systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) have the general form:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eq:fssgen}
\epsilon\dot{x}&=&\epsilon \frac{dx}{d\tau}=f(x,y,\epsilon)\\
\dot{y}&=&\frac{dy}{d\tau}=g(x,y,\epsilon)\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
where $x\... |
1,116,691,500,132 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:1} Introduction}
The ability to predict the charge transport properties of semiconductors using non-empirical \textit{ab initio} methods is of paramount importance for the design of next-generation electronics, neuromorphic computing, energy-efficient lighting, and energy conversion and storage. Fo... |
1,116,691,500,133 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
There has been many interests in deep learning optimizer research recently \citep{amsgrad, adabound, lookahead_optimizer, radam}. These works attempt to answer the question: what is the best step size to use in each step of the gradient descent? With the first order gradi... |
1,116,691,500,134 | arxiv |
\subsection{Speaker verification}
Speaker verification aims to verify a person’s claimed identity using voice biometrics.
With the growing popularity of deep neural network (DNN), the leading modeling approach for speaker verification has transferred from the traditional Gaussian Mixture Model-Universal Background Mod... |
1,116,691,500,135 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Interaction of charged macromolecules (macroions) is essential for soft and biological materials in order to maintain
their complex structure and distinct functioning. In many cases, charge patterns
along macromolecular surfaces are inhomogeneous and exhibit a highly disordered spatial distrib... |
1,116,691,500,136 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cyberattacks cause huge damage to our society. Many cyberattacks start with phishing. Phishing is to trick people into revealing their sensitive information to the attacker. In particular, phishing URLs are camouflaged as URLs that look familiar to people. Careless people will click them, causing... |
1,116,691,500,137 | arxiv | \section*{Preface}
All sections of this course are either labelled as `Theory' or as
`Algorithms and Implementations'.
It is possible to study only the theory parts. However, the algorithmic parts
depend heavily on the developed theory. Of course, if one is principally interested in implementations,
one need not unders... |
1,116,691,500,138 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Discussion}
We will consider the Ginzburg--Landau model of superconductivity. If a
$2$-dimensional superconducting sample with Ginzburg--Landau parameter $\kappa$
is submitted to a uniform magnetic field of strength $\sigma$, then (by a
theorem of Giorgi and Phillips~\cite{giph}) t... |
1,116,691,500,139 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The heavy elements Y, Ba, La, and Eu are among the most well-studied
neutron-capture elements because they show a number of measurable lines in stellar spectra. Chemical abundances in
the solar system indicate that, while Y, Ba, and La, are
dominantly formed through slow neutron-capture pro... |
1,116,691,500,140 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A substantial surge in the number of user equipments (UE) utilizing mobile services is expected the near future. It is estimated that the number of UEs will reach 4 billion by 2021 \cite{UENumber}. As the number of UEs connected to a terrestrial base station (BS) increases, the quality of service... |
1,116,691,500,141 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Motivation}
Much effort has been spent in order to better understand and potentially treat the impairment of wound healing in diabetic patients. In this regard, one phenomenon that has recently gained
attention from biologists is \emph{lymphangiogenesis};
that is, the formation or... |
1,116,691,500,142 | arxiv | \section{Conclusions}
\label{sec:conclusions}
In this paper, we introduce the joint satellite gateway placement and routing problem over an ISTN, for facilitating the terrestrial-satellite communications while adhering to propagation latency requirements, in a cost-optimal manner.
We also balance the corresponding loa... |
1,116,691,500,143 | arxiv | \section{Definitions and notation}
\label{sec:def-not}We first provide some definitions and notation which are useful for our analysis later on.
The gate strings in the pearl-necklace encoder and the gates in the convolutional encoder are numbered from left to right. We denote the $i^{\text{th}}$ gate string in the pe... |
1,116,691,500,144 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Blind quantum computing~\cite{BFK,FK,MABQC,Barz,Vedran,
composableV,
Lorenzo,Joeoptimal,Barz2,NandV}
is a secure delegated quantum computing, where a client (Alice),
who does not have enough quantum technology, delegates
her quantum computing to a server (Bob), who has a fully-fledged
qua... |
1,116,691,500,145 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The propagation of soliton envelopes in nonlinear
optical media has been predicted and demonstrated experimentally.\cite{ht}
,\cite{m}
This prediction arises from a reduction the Maxwell equations
which govern the electro magnetic fields in the medium to a single,
completely integrable, par... |
1,116,691,500,146 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Let $V$ be a finite set of elements.
A {\em set system} on a set $V$ of elements is defined to be
a pair $(V,{\mathcal C})$ of $V$ of elements and
a family ${\mathcal C}\subseteq 2^V$,
where
a set in ${\mathcal C}$ is called a {\em component}.
For a subset $X\subset... |
1,116,691,500,147 | arxiv | \section{Appendix A: Spectrum for Nodal Vortex Phase}
In this section, we study the topological vortex Majorana bound states (vMBSs) in topological iron-based superconductors (tFeSCs), whose normal band structure contains both Dirac semi-metal phase and topological insulator phase.
Therefore, the minimal model to captu... |
1,116,691,500,148 | arxiv | \section{Methods}
\begin{figure}[b]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.75\columnwidth]{Schema_YoungLap.pdf}
\caption{Schematic of a pendant drop defining the coordinates used for the numerical integration.
}
\label{fg:Schema_YoungLap}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\noindent\tex... |
1,116,691,500,149 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is widely recognized that the presence of large scale sheared flows
\cite{r1,r2,r3} [also referred to as convective cells (CCs) or zonal
flows (ZFs)] is detrimental to regulating the cross-field turbulent
transport in magnetically confined fusion plasmas.The ZF is
characterized by poloidally ... |
1,116,691,500,150 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $I\subset k[x_0,\dots,x_N]$ be a homogeneous ideal. For $r\geq 0$, the $r$-th symbolic power of $I$ is defined to be \[I^{(r)}=\bigcap_{p\in\mbox{Ass}(R/I)}(I^rR_p\cap R).\] Symbolic powers of ideals are interesting for a number of reasons, not least of which is that, for a radical ideal $I... |
1,116,691,500,151 | arxiv |
\section{The Contour Integral Method}\label{sec::cim}
This chapter will give a short summary of the contour integral method as introduced by Beyn \cite{Beyn_2012aa}, without any non-trivial modifications. Note that there are alternative approaches by other authors, where the first publication \cite{Asakura_2009aa} ... |
1,116,691,500,152 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:int}
Very high-energy (VHE, E$>$100GeV) gamma-ray astronomy have the potential to provide unique insights on open issues
related to cosmology and particle physics. Additionally, it serves as an important probe for multi-wavelength
and multi-messenger astronomy. VHE emission from the... |
1,116,691,500,153 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has confirmed the existence of the Higgs boson. The next main objective of future searches is to discover what lies beyond the Standard Model (BSM).
Supersymmetric (SUSY) extensions of the SM are among the most well-studied scenarios for BSM physics, and are main... |
1,116,691,500,154 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{chap:intro}
Let $O(n)$ be the orthogonal group consisting of all $n\times n$ orthogonal matrices.
Let $\bold{\Gamma}_n=(\gamma_{ij})_{n\times n}$ be a random orthogonal matrix which is
uniformly distributed on the orthogonal group $O(n)$, or equivalently, $\bold{\Gamma}_n$ follows the Haa... |
1,116,691,500,155 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent gamma ray and cosmic ray observations give increasing evidence
that the sources of gamma ray bursts (GRBs) and of cosmic rays with
energy $E>10^{19}{\rm eV}$ are cosmological (see \cite{cos}
for GRBs; [2--5] for cosmic rays).
The sources of both phenomena, however, remain unknown. In pa... |
1,116,691,500,156 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
We consider a spatially homogeneous gas modeled by the Boltzmann equation:
the density $f_t(v)\geq 0$ of particles with velocity $v\in {\mathbb{R}}^3$ at time $t\geq 0$ solves
\begin{align}\label{be}
\partial_t f_t(v) = \int_{\rd} {\rm d} v^* \int_{{\mathbb{S}^2}} {\rm d... |
1,116,691,500,157 | arxiv | \section{Comments}
King \& Lasota (2019) claimed that there are ``No magnetars in ULXs''. In their opinion, ULX pulsars may
be beamed due to super-Eddington mass transfer. While the neutron star is still accreting matter near the Eddington threshold. Using the
spin-up measurements, the magnetic dipole field is found t... |
1,116,691,500,158 | arxiv | \section{Preliminaries}
\noindent The concept of generalized shifts has been introduced for the first time
in \cite{AHK} as a generalization of one-sided shift
$\mathop{\{1,\ldots,k\}^{\mathbb N}\to\{1,\ldots,k\}^{\mathbb N}}\limits_{
\: \: \: \: \:(a_1,a_2,\cdots)\mapsto(a_2,a_3,\cdots)}$
and two-sided shift
$\mathop... |
1,116,691,500,159 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A detection of primordial non-Gaussianity has the potential to test today's standard inflationary paradigm and its alternatives for the physics of the early Universe. Measurements of the CMB bispectrum furnish a direct probe of the nature of the initial conditions (see, e.g., \cite{Komatsu2010,Ba... |
1,116,691,500,160 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
High redshift radio galaxies (HzRGs) are rare, spectacular objects with extended radio jets whose length exceeds scales of a few kiloparsecs. The radio jets are edge-brightened, Fanaroff-Riley class II \citep[FR$\,$II;][]{fr74} sources. Found in overdensities of galaxies indicative of protocluste... |
1,116,691,500,161 | arxiv | \section{Definitions and the main result}
We say a smooth manifold $E$ homeomorphic to $\R^4$ satisfies the
$DFT$\ condition (for De Michelis, Freedman and Taubes) provided that,
for every compact subset $K \subset E$, there exists an open neighborhood $U$ of $K$
such that
\begin{enumerate}
\item $K\subset U$
\item th... |
1,116,691,500,162 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we consider Einstein hypersurfaces
of warped products $I\times_\omega\Q_\epsilon^n,$ where $I\subset\mathbb{R} $ is an open interval, and
$\mathbb{Q}_\epsilon^n$ stands for the simply connected space form of dimension
$n\ge 2$ and constant sectional curvature $\epsilon\in\{-1,0,1\... |
1,116,691,500,163 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{int}
In recent years, distributed optimization algorithms and their applications have received extensive attention in decision-making problems for multi-agent networks\cite{nedic2018distributed,notarstefano2019distributed,yang2019survey}, with applications in smart grids \cite{Nguyen19}, r... |
1,116,691,500,164 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, there has been considerable interest in magnetic skyrmions, \cite{skyrev} particle-like topological spin textures discovered in chiral ferromagnets with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and in dipolar ferromagnets with uniaxial anisotropy. These magnetic nanostructures are objects of... |
1,116,691,500,165 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main results}\label{sect:Intro}
Let $X$ be a smooth projective curve over a field $\mathbf k$. The following additive categories associated with $X$ will be of primary interest to us in this paper: the category of Higgs bundles and the category of vector bundles with connections. The moduli st... |
1,116,691,500,166 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Tevatron Run-II program officially started in March 2001
after the previous run (Run I)
ended in 1996. Between these years, the Tevatron accelerator and the CDF and D0
detectors have undergone vast upgrades. The accelerator complex
has added
the
Main Injector, replacing the old Main Ring, ... |
1,116,691,500,167 | arxiv | \section{What else can be done?}
\textcolor{cyan}{1. For obtaining the winding number, if we replace the perturbation in the topological response with a phase factor, does it induce some sort of twisted boundary condition for the 1D boundary system? If so, can we obtain the winding number by changing this phase factor?... |
1,116,691,500,168 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Heavy quarks production processes provide a powerful insight into our
understanding of Quantum Chromodinamics. The large mass of the heavy quark can
make the perturbative calculations reliable, even for total cross sections, by
cutting off infrared singularities and by
setting a large scale at w... |
1,116,691,500,169 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Molecular clouds (MCs) are the densest regions of the interstellar
medium and the birth sites of stars. Nevertheless, despite this
important role in star formation, key aspects of MC evolution remain
unclear: What are the key parameters in determining the star-forming
activity of MC... |
1,116,691,500,170 | arxiv | \section{Conclusions}
The specific separation of time scales in the different regimes
allowed us to identify the relevant variables and describe each
regime by a specific \emph{simplified model}. In the tunneling
(high damping) regime the mechanical degree of freedom is almost
frozen and all the features reveale... |
1,116,691,500,171 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The purpose of this note is to present several different types of sum formulas for Schur multiple zeta values, which can be seen as generalizations of classical sum formulas for multiple zeta(-star) values. Schur multiple zeta values are real numbers introduced in \cite{NakasujiPhuksuwanYamasaki... |
1,116,691,500,172 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Inflation has become the most acceptable paradigm that describes the physics of the very early universe. Besides of solving most of the shortcomings of the hot big-bang scenario, like the horizon, the flatness, and the
monopole problems \cite{R1,R106,R103,R104,R105,Linde:1983gd}, inflation al... |
1,116,691,500,173 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An azimuthal anisotropic flow which describes collectivity among
particles produced in heavy-ion collision is recognized as
a key observable used to infer information about
the early time evolution of the nuclei interaction.
This FAIRNESS 2012 Conference proceedings highlight recent results
... |
1,116,691,500,174 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
A political party, according to \cite{ACE2012}, is an organized group of people who exercise their legal rights to identify with a set of similar political aims and opinions, and one that seeks to influence public policy by allowing its candidates elected to public office. Politica... |
1,116,691,500,175 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Schedule pressure demands continuous improvements to productivity in all semiconductor design phases. Verification and test is often a critical bottleneck, and a key factor is the choice of specification language. For datapath designs, ANSI-C, C++ and SystemC are often the best languages to c... |
1,116,691,500,176 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Let $K$ be a number field of degree $n$ and $\mathbb Z_K$ its ring of integers. An essential task in Algorithmic Number Theory is to construct the prime ideals of $K$ in terms of a defining equation of $K$, usually given by a monic and irreducible polynomial $f(x)\in\mathbb Z[x]$. The standard ... |
1,116,691,500,177 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A possible signature of the formation of the quark-gluon
plasma (QGP) in relativistic heavy ion collisions
is the suppression of J/$\psi$ due to color Debye screening \cite{MS}.
In the $Pb$-$Pb$ collisions at CERN-SPS,
the J/$\psi$ suppression beyond the normal nuclear absorption
has be... |
1,116,691,500,178 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $M$ be a matrix over the ring of integral Laurent polynomials in some (finite) number of variables. We say that $M$ is Perron--Frobenius if there is a power $M^k$ of $M$ such that every entry of $M^k$ is a nontrivial Laurent polynomial with positive coefficients. In this note, we shall esta... |
1,116,691,500,179 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Observations of the diffuse $\gamma$-ray emission during the last
twenty years \footnote{A comprehensive account of these matters as well as
of their theoretical explanations can be found in \cite{ft}.}
have been successfully interpreted in terms of a two-folded structure \\
$\star$ a highly a... |
1,116,691,500,180 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The single band Hubbard model is widely accepted
as the simplest starting point
of a microscopic description of correlated electron systems \cite{and}.
More recently it has been realized that inclusion of a $t'$ coupling \cite{ttp}
can fit the phenomenology of some cuprates. Recent photoemiss... |
1,116,691,500,181 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
L\'evy processes form the prototype of continuous-time processes with a continuous diffusion and a jump part. In applications, there is a high interest to disentangle these parts based on discrete observations. While A\"it-Sahalia and Jacod \cite{AJ} among many others propose an asymptotically ... |
1,116,691,500,182 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Emergency response to incidents such as accidents, medical calls, urban crimes, poaching, and fires is one of the most pressing problems faced by communities across the globe. Emergency response must be fast and efficient in order to minimize loss of lives~\cite{jaldell2017important,jaldell2014ti... |
1,116,691,500,183 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
In Figure \ref{fig:Adap} we see the possible paths for two different stochastic processes. We'll think of each of the paths drawn as having the same probability $1/2$. The process on the left only branches at final time $2$, while the one on the right already branches at time $1$, but the bra... |
1,116,691,500,184 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Nearest neighbor classifier (see, e.g., \citep{cover1967nearest,friedman2001elements,duda2000pattern}) is arguably the simplest and most popular nonparametric classifier in statistics and machine learning literature. It classifies a test case ${\bf x}$ to the class which has th... |
1,116,691,500,185 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Convection plays an important and well-known role in the transport of
energy in stellar interiors. It has also been argued that convection
is important in a number of low-density astrophysical plasmas, such as
the intracluster medium in clusters of galaxies (Chandran \& Rasera... |
1,116,691,500,186 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The binary pseudo-alloy of titanium-tungsten (Ti$_x$W$_{1-x}$, $x\leq0.3$) is a well-established, effective diffusion barrier and adhesion enhancer within silicon-based semiconductor devices.~\cite{NICOLET1978415, Wang_SQ_1993, ROSHANGHIAS2014386} It is designed to prevent the interdiffusion be... |
1,116,691,500,187 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\else
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}
\def\newsection#1{\section{#1}}
\fi
\def\Newsection#1#2{\setcounter{section}{#1} \addtocounter{section}{-1}
\newsection{#2} }
\newtheorem{proposition}[theorem]{Proposition}
\newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma}
\newtheorem{definition}[theorem]{Definition}
\newt... |
1,116,691,500,188 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
Centuries of misuse of natural resources has stressed available freshwater supplies throughout the world.
With the rapid development of industries,
chemical waste has been thrown deliberately in water to the point of making it difficult to clean.
Particularly,
direct or ind... |
1,116,691,500,189 | arxiv |
\section{Supplementary Information}
\subsection{Relativistic Hamiltonian approximations}
Our work is based on the 4-component electronic Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian which in atomic units is given as
\begin{equation}
\hat{H} = \sum_{i=1}^N \left [c(\boldsymbol\alpha_i \cdot \mathbf{p}_i) + \beta^{\prime}_i m c^2 - \p... |
1,116,691,500,190 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, there have been many developments for improving the bandwidth and energy efficiency of a wireless communication network. Energy harvesting cognitive radio network (EH-CRN) is one such solution which improves the bandwidth efficiency of the network while ensuring perpetual operati... |
1,116,691,500,191 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Constructing valid confidence regions is essential to assess the uncertainty which is associated with point estimates. Even for a single parameter there exist multiple valid confidence intervals. As a result, a large body of literature has been developed to construct confidence intervals which ... |
1,116,691,500,192 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Within the anisoplanetic field of an imaging instrument, in the absence of saturation, an in-focus image $I$ can formally be described as the result of a convolution product
\begin{equation}
I = O \star \mathrm{PSF}
\label{eq:convol}
\end{equation}
\noindent
between the spati... |
1,116,691,500,193 | arxiv |
\section{An image of scanning electron microscopy, and temperature and magnetic dependences of linear resistivity for the present MnP sample.}
\begin{figure}[ht]
\includegraphics[width=12cm]{memoryS1}
\caption{(a) Scanning electron microscopy image of the micro-fabricated MnP sample. (b) Temperature dependence of the... |
1,116,691,500,194 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Multi-component nonlinear Schr{\"{o}}dinger (NLS) systems emerge in a
variety of contexts of optical~\cite{kivshar} and atomic physics~\cite%
{book2a,book2}. In the former setting, they model, in particular, the
interaction of waves with different carrier wavelengths~\cite%
{manakov,intman1}, wh... |
1,116,691,500,195 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Today our sensitive data is being collected and analyzed by our service providers at a
scale that we are not, and cannot become, aware of. Though we often nominally own our data,
granting others access to it is no simple task. Solutions like OAuth \citep{OAuth} exist to manage data sharing but l... |
1,116,691,500,196 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Accurate abundance measurements in the atmospheres of massive, upper
main sequence stars represent an important test of current models
of stellar evolution \citep{MM12,Pal13}. Accurate CNO abundances,
and nitrogen abundances in particular, are of special significance
due to their potential role... |
1,116,691,500,197 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In a previous communication \citep{lownu} we present the application of the `low-$\nu$' method
to the extraction of neutrino ($\nu_\mu$) flux for energies ($E_\nu$) as low as 0.7 GeV. In this paper we extend the technique
to $E_\nu$ as low as 0.4 GeV and extract the relative energy dependenc... |
1,116,691,500,198 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
How could an artificial intelligence (AI) help a pretend paladin hunt an orc through a forest? The research field of AI in Games, which should technically be able to answer this question, separates into two sub-fields. One dealing with how to make AIs that can play games to win, the other sub-fi... |
1,116,691,500,199 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\Omega\subseteq \mathbb C^n$ be a bounded domain. Let $dV$ denote the Lebesgue measure on $\mathbb C^n$. The Bergman projection $P$ is the orthogonal projection from $L^2(\Omega)$ onto the Bergman space $A^2(\Omega)$, the space of all square-integrable holomorphic functions.
Associated with ... |
1,116,691,500,200 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider a slotted time system with slots $t\in\{1,2,3,\ldots\}$ with an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) process $\{w[t]\}_{t=1}^{\infty}$, which takes values in an arbitrary set $W$ with a probability distribution unknown to the controller.
At each time slot, the controller obse... |
1,116,691,500,201 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Preliminary concepts}
\indent
Lie polynomials appeared at the end of $19${th} century and the beginning of the $20${th} century in the work of Campbell, Baker, and Hausdorff on exponential mapping in a Lie group, which has lead to the so called the Campbell--Baker--Hausdorff formula. Around... |
1,116,691,500,202 | arxiv | \section{#1} \setcounter{equation}{0}}
\makeatletter
\@addtoreset{equation}{section}
\makeatother
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
\begin{center}
{\hfill SLAC--PUB--11511\\ \hfill SU--ITP--05/29}
{\Large \bf{Complex/Symplectic Mirrors}}
\bigskip
Wu--yen Chuang$^{1,2}$, Shamit Kachru... |
1,116,691,500,203 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Open quantum system techniques are vital for many studies in quantum mechanics \cite{gardiner_00,breuer_02,rivas_12}. This happens because closed quantum systems are just an idealisation of real systems\footnote{The same happens with closed classical systems.}, as in Nature nothing can be isola... |
1,116,691,500,204 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:1}
Structural relaxation and plastic deformation in disordered materials, such as supercooled liquids, metallic glasses, and granular materials, occur via the correlated motion of atoms or constituent particles \cite{adam_1965,argon_1979,falk_1998,falk_2011}. Such collective motions ch... |
1,116,691,500,205 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Stokes in his classical treatise~\cite{Stokes1847} (see also \cite{Stokes1880}) made formal but far-reaching considerations about periodic waves at the surface of an incompressible inviscid fluid in two dimensions, under the influence of gravity, which travel a long distance at ... |
1,116,691,500,206 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent advanced material technologies have made it possible to access
low-dimensional quantum systems. Furthermore, material synthesis
has offered a great opportunity to explore more intriguing
lower-dimensional spin systems
rather than well-understood conventional spin systems
\cite{Verdag... |
1,116,691,500,207 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider the real-valued periodic Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation
\begin{equation}\label{kdvt}
\left|\begin{array}{l} u_t + u_{xxx} = \partial_x ( u^2); \qquad (t,x)\in \mathbf{R}\times \mathbf{T}\\
u(0,x)= u_0 \in H^{-s} (\mathbf{T})\end{array}\right.
\end{equation}
where $\mathbf{T} = \mathbf... |
1,116,691,500,208 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Let $u$ and $v$ be two words (not necessarily distinct) of length $n$,
over a finite alphabet $F$ of cardinality $q$. We say that $u$ and $v$
are \emph{overlapping} if a non-empty proper prefix of $u$ is equal to
a non-empty proper suffix of $v$, or if a non-empty proper... |
1,116,691,500,209 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The task of generating textual descriptions of images tests a machine's ability to understand visual data and interpret it in natural language.
It is a fundamental research problem lying at the intersection of natural language processing, computer vision, and cognitive science.... |
1,116,691,500,210 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The Quantum Adiabatic Algorithm (QAA) ~\cite{farhi_long:01} is an algorithm for solving optimization problems using a quantum computer. The optimization problem to be solved is defined by
a cost function which acts on $N$ bit strings. The computational task is to
find the globa... |
1,116,691,500,211 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Distance scale measurements of the expansion rate of the Universe or
Hubble's Constant, $H_{0}$, have improved significantly over recent
years. For example, estimates of $H_{0}$ calculated by \citet{riess2016}
find a best fit value of $H_{0} = 73.24 \pm
1.74$\,km\,s$^{-1}$\,Mpc$^{-1}$, a quoted ... |
1,116,691,500,212 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
In complex thin-film transition-metal oxide heterostructures, interface phenomena can substantially affect the electronic properties and lead new electronic ordered states not observed in the bulk constituents \cite{ohtomo1,pavlenko_kopp,pavlenko_kopp2,pavlenko_schwabl2,jackeli,pavl... |
1,116,691,500,213 | arxiv | \section{Microscopic Model}
In this section we present the
microscopic model from which we calculate the
ECE. The model was recently
proposed in Ref.~[\onlinecite{Guzman2013a}] for relaxor ferroelectrics.
We present it here for the sake of completeness.
We focus on the relevant transverse optic mode configuration c... |
1,116,691,500,214 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sc:Introduction}
Control of autonomous cars is a challenging task and has attracted considerable
attention in recent years~\cite{Buehler2009}. One particular case of autonomous
driving is autonomous racing, where the goal is to drive around a track as fast
as possible, potentially to ... |
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