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1,116,691,500,315
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Standard learning algorithms assume that each training example is \emph{fully observed} and doesn't suffer any corruption. However, in many real-world scenarios, training and test data often undergo some form of corruption. We consider settings where all the features might not be observed in eve...
1,116,691,500,316
arxiv
\section{SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION} \section{A: Detailed properties of Bayesian networks} Let $\mathcal{A}=\{a_j|j=1,2,\dots,N_{\mathcal{A}}\}$ be the set of random variables on a BN, where $a_1,a_2,\dots$ is in the topological ordering. The conditional probability is given by $p(a_j|a_{j-1},\dots, a_1)=p(a_j|{\rm pa}(...
1,116,691,500,317
arxiv
\section*{} \footnotesize{This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (00020\_182598), the Helmholtz Young Investigators Group VH-NG-1404 and the Canton of Neuchâtel.} \bibliographystyle{unsrt}
1,116,691,500,318
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Time-frequency analysis exploits translations and modulations to analyse functions and operators. Gabor analysis is the outcome of the confluence of time-frequency analysis and the theory of Hilbert space frames (\cite{DS}). Janssen's work (\cite{J}) initiated its mathematical in...
1,116,691,500,319
arxiv
\subsubsection*{\bibname}} \begin{document} \twocolumn[ \aistatstitle{Beyond the Policy Gradient Theorem \\for Efficient Policy Updates in Actor-Critic Algorithms} \aistatsauthor{ Romain Laroche \And R\'emi Tachet des Combes } \aistatsaddress{ \hspace{0.15cm} Microsoft Research Montr\'eal \hspace{2.5cm} Microso...
1,116,691,500,320
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Blue straggler stars (BSSs) are brighter and bluer (hotter) than the main sequence (MS) turnoff and they mimic a rejuvenated stellar population in globular clusters (GCs). From their position in the colour-magnitude diagram (CMD) and from direct measurements (Shara et al. 1997; see also Fe...
1,116,691,500,321
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Boolean models are often used to obtain insights into the dynamical properties of physical systems composed of elements that appear to execute binary logic. A paradigmatic case is the behavior of digital circuits in which physical gates are designed with the specific intention of executing Bool...
1,116,691,500,322
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} The coercivity of La$_{1-x}$Sr$_x$MnO$_3$ thin films can be enhanced by Ru substitution for Mn. In order to elucidate its mechanism, we performed soft x-ray absorption and magnetic circular dichroism measurements at the Ru M$_{2,3}$ and Mn L$_{2,3}$ edges. We found that the spin direction of Ru and...
1,116,691,500,323
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many engineers have a justifiable predilection for coordinate-based descriptions of the world. However, the use of coordinate-free descriptions is consistently leveraged in Jerry Marsden's work to gain insights which would otherwise have been clouded by the complexities which coordinates brin...
1,116,691,500,324
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Massive stars spend a significant part ($\gtrsim10\%$) of their lives embedded in their parental molecular cloud, making it difficult to investigate their early evolutionary stages. The discovery of IR-dark clouds \citep[IRDCs; e.g., ][]{Perault+96, Egan+98} seen in absorption against the mid-IR...
1,116,691,500,325
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec: introduction} With the deployment of first releases of 5G 3GPP wireless networks standards, the research community is already defining the scenarios and directions for Beyond 5G and 6G future systems~\cite{6GWhitePaper,harish20206g}. Interest in Artificial Intelligence techniques has...
1,116,691,500,326
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Main Results} \label{intro} In ordinary Quantum Field Theory (QFT) with mass gap the notion of particle is recovered from that of interacting local field as a consequence of Infra-Red (IR) asymptotic dynamics: a near-mass-shell pole singularity in each of the momenta incoming any Green ...
1,116,691,500,327
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Background} In many basic problems in high-dimensional statistics and machine learning, there appear to be fundamental gaps between the performance of the information-theoretically best estimator and the best estimator that can be computed in polynomial time. These are called {\em c...
1,116,691,500,328
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The goal of click-through rate prediction is to predict the probabilities of users clicking ads or items, which is critical to many web applications such as online advertising and recommender systems. Modeling sophisticated feature interactions plays a central role in the success of CTR predictio...
1,116,691,500,329
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The exponential reduction of computers' components known as Moore’s law took computation from the classical physical domain to the quantum physics. The idea of quantum computation was initially proposed in \cite{Feynman}, where Feynman states that quantum computers can simulate quantum physi...
1,116,691,500,330
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The aim of this paper is to deduce the algebraic rules for determining the dynamical charactersitics of a prescribed network consisting of specified quantum oscillator systems connected by input-output fields \cite{Gardiner}, \cite{Wiseman}. Physical models included cavity systems or local quan...
1,116,691,500,331
arxiv
\section{The New Physics Potential of GENIUS} \subsection{Introduction} Two outstanding problems in contemporary astro- and particle physics are the nature of the dark matter in the Universe and the question for the neutrino mass. There is compelling evidence on all cosmological scales that the dominant form of ma...
1,116,691,500,332
arxiv
\section{Undercutting Mining Game}\label{theo} In this section, we model the mining game in the presence of undercutting attacks. We proceed with (i) mempools with "sufficient" unconfirmed transactions and (ii) mempools with "limited" transactions. We also allow the undercutter to apply two different safe depths $D=1...
1,116,691,500,333
arxiv
\section{ Introduction \label{sec:introduction} } Since its discovery in the early 19\textsuperscript{th} century, the elemental metal \ch{Nb} has been the subject of intense study, culminating in a detailed understanding of its chemical properties (see e.g.,~\cite{1999-Nowak-CR-99-3603,2009-Schlewitz-KOECT-17-1,20...
1,116,691,500,334
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Gravitational lensing~\citep{1992grle.book.....S} has become a key probe of the content, structure, and physical laws of our Universe. While weak lensing teaches us about the distribution of matter on cosmic scales~\citep[e.g.][]{Asgari:2020wuj, Gatti:2019clj}, strong l...
1,116,691,500,335
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Providing a systematic procedure for the design of stabilizing feedback control for a general nonlinear system will have a significant impact on a variety of application domains. The lack of proper structure for a general nonlinear system makes this design problem challenging. There have been sev...
1,116,691,500,336
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Phase-field equations are used in the field of phase transition. Recently, the relationships between the physical properties and the parameters of these equations have been determined and as a result, phase-field equations have been established as the position of the model for simulation of the...
1,116,691,500,337
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Biolocomotion in fluids is in many cases influenced by the presence of a boundary. A well known observation is the case of bird flight near a surface, where the animal can glide with a fixed wing configuration for long distances without loss of altitude \cite{Withers:1977, Blake:1983}. This so-c...
1,116,691,500,338
arxiv
\section{Put together: the algorithm}\label{sec:Approach} In Algorithm~\ref{alg:Grouping}, we present our algorithm for grouping fuzzed crashes. The algorithm takes as input $C_I$, a collection of inputs that can lead to the crashes in a fuzzer, and generates the fault groups, each of which represents a bug and has t...
1,116,691,500,339
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Just as the experimental evidence for ``magic" proton and neutron numbers was instrumental for laying a basic foundation of nuclear theory \cite{PhysRev.75.1969,PhysRev.75.1766.2}, the observation of their demise in exotic nuclear systems \cite{PhysRevC.12.644} was pivotal for the establishment ...
1,116,691,500,340
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently Ho\v{r}ava has proposed a renormalizable theory of gravity at a Lifshitz point\cite{ho1}, which may be regarded as a UV complete candidate for general relativity. Very recently, the Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz gravity theory has been intensively investigated in~\cite{ho2,ho3,VW,klu,Nik,Nas,Iz...
1,116,691,500,341
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The PLANET (Probing Lensing Anomalies NETwork) collaboration uses a longitudinally-distributed network of telescopes in the southern hemisphere to perform densely-sampled, precise photometric monitoring of Galactic microlensing events with the express goal of searching for ano...
1,116,691,500,342
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Satcoms: State-of-the Art} Nowadays, the main application of fixed satellite services involves broadcasting information to a large number of user terminals, distributed over a wide coverage. In spite of the market driven, broadcasting nature of current satellite communications (SatC...
1,116,691,500,343
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In his paper from 1982 \cite{Kazh}, David Kazhdan proves the following theorem: \begin{thm} \label{thm:Kazh} Let $0<\epsilon<\frac{1}{200}$, let G be an amenable group, and let $\mathcal{H}$ be a Hilbert space. Let $\varphi: G \to \mathcal{U}(\mathcal{H})$ be such that it satisfies \begin{equat...
1,116,691,500,344
arxiv
\section*{Introduction.} We study the Bernoulli Boolean discrete percolation model on the $d$-dimensional lattice $\Z^d$. This is a discrete percolation model which can be informally described as follows. Consider a Bernoulli point process $\cX$ with retention parameters $0<p_x<1$, $x\in\Z^d$, on the $d$-dimensional ...
1,116,691,500,345
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{Intr}} Integrable models of statistical mechanics and field theory \cite{Bax,Mussardo10} provide us with a very important source of information about the critical behavior of condensed matter systems. Any progress in analytical solutions of such models is highly desirable, since it does not...
1,116,691,500,346
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Spoken documents refer to audio recordings of multi-speaker events like lectures, meetings, news, etc. We use \emph{acoustic domain} as a descriptor for the type of spoken document. Although it sounds similar to \emph{acoustic scene}, it is not so because the latter concerns only the background e...
1,116,691,500,347
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Our goal in this paper is to extend and generalize in different directions some of the results obtained in \cite{RR-tori}. First, let $K$ be a finitely generated field, and let $V$ be a divisorial set of discrete valuations of $K$. This means that $V$ consists of the discrete valuations corre...
1,116,691,500,348
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Models for in-vivo virus dynamics} A number of population dynamics models have been proposed in order to describe the HIV in-vivo dynamics \cite{Perelson:Nelson:1999,Nowak:May:2000}. Although these models have distinct features, since they attempt to incorporate different aspects of...
1,116,691,500,349
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, Basis light front quantization (BLFQ) has emerged as one of the most promising nonperturbative approaches which has been developed for solving many-body bound state problems in quantum field theories~\cite{Vary:2009gt,Zhao:2014xaa,Wiecki:2014,Li:2015zda}. It is based on Hamilton...
1,116,691,500,350
arxiv
\subsection{Evaluated Applications} We evaluate 10 machine learning programs which are representative of three most commonly-used neural network classes: convolutional neural network (CNN), multi-layer perceptron (MLP), and recurrent neural network (RNN). These applications are 1) LeNet based handwritten digit recogn...
1,116,691,500,351
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Continuous-variable cluster states are entangled resources for continuous-variable (CV) measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC)~\cite{Menicucci2006}. They are highly scalable, can be generated deterministically, and operate at room temperature---all of which make them an attrac...
1,116,691,500,352
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{intro} Galaxy-galaxy mergers are the phenomena violent enough to disturb the galactic potentials of both of the colliding galaxies. They create shocked gas at the merging region, make interstellar matter fall into the new galactic potential, and induce strong starbursts. This extreme star...
1,116,691,500,353
arxiv
\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}% {-3.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex {2.3ex \@plus.2ex}% {\normalfont\large\bfseries}} \renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}% ...
1,116,691,500,354
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Fashion is one of the most glamorous industries of the modern society, making great contributions to the global economy. With the development of image processing and information retrieval techniques, recently some investigation has been conducted in this domain, including fashion de...
1,116,691,500,355
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Penetration Testing (PT) is a process of simulating the attack behavior of malicious hackers, launching authorized attacks on computer systems and networks to discover any security vulnerabilities that can be exploited~\cite{2}\cite{1}. Numerous PT methods have been proposed for assessing the sec...
1,116,691,500,356
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Jod\'ar and Cort\'es \cite{jc00}, introduced the concept of a fundamental set of solutions for matrix differential equations of the type \begin{align} X'' = f_1(z) X' + f_2(z) X f_3(z) + X' f_4(z), \end{align} where $f_i$ are matrix valued functions of complex variable $z$. A closed...
1,116,691,500,357
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Asymptotic behaviour of learning rates in Armijo's condition} Fix a constant $0<\alpha <1$. For a $C^1$ function $f:\mathbb{R}^k\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$, a point $x$ and a positive number $\delta >0$, we say that Armijo's condition is satisfied if $f(x-\delta \nabla f(x))-f(x)\leq -...
1,116,691,500,358
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Text summarization is an NLP task with many real-world applications. The ever-increasing amount of unstructured information in text form calls for methods to automatically extract the relevant information from documents and present it in condensed form. Within the field ...
1,116,691,500,359
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s1}\setcounter{equation}{0} Volterra integral equations (VIEs) are of fundamental importance in the mathematical modelling of many scientific, economic, physical, chemical and biological phenomena \cite{corduneanu1991integral, jerri1999introduction}. Taking into account the fact that a gene...
1,116,691,500,360
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For several years now, elaborating upon an idea proposed in \cite{ZHSL}, we have been pursuing the problem of deriving (hypothetically exact) formulas for the proportion of states of qubit-qubit \cite{avron} and qubit-qutrit \cite{sudarshan} systems that are {\it separable} (classically-corre...
1,116,691,500,361
arxiv
\section{Coarse structures} Following \cite{b10}, we say that a family $\mathcal{E}$ of subsets of $X\times X$ is a {\it coarse structure} on a set $X$ if \begin{itemize} \item{} each $\varepsilon \in \mathcal{E}$ contains the diagonal $\vartriangle _{X}$, $\vartriangle _{X}= \{(x,x) : x \in X\}$ ; \vskip 5pt ...
1,116,691,500,362
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \section{Introduction} The discovery of Weyl semimetals and topological semimetals in general~\cite{xu2015discovery,yang2015weyl,lv2015experimental,xu2015discoveryNbAs,armitage2018weyl,lv2021experimental,hasan2021weyl,yan2017topological,bansil2016colloquium} has prompted research into new phen...
1,116,691,500,363
arxiv
\section{Introduction } \label{s:intro} The population of observed supernovae (SNe) is growing swiftly as high-cadence surveys fill regions of observational phase space that were previously much less accessible. Among the peculiar objects found are a class of rapidly fading supernovae (RFSNe) with peak luminosities...
1,116,691,500,364
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Wireless network jamming consists in compromising the functionality of a wireless network by activating jamming devices (\emph{jammers}) that disrupt network communications by emitting interfering signals on the same frequencies of the network. Jamming is commonly associated wi...
1,116,691,500,365
arxiv
\section{Introduction} QUIC is a recently standardized protocol~\cite{rfc9000} aiming at providing the services of TLS/TCP (built-in encryption, reliable data transfer,...) with data multiplexing atop UDP. Initially designed for HTTP/3~\cite{ietf-quic-http-34}, QUIC sets itself up as the next general purpose transport...
1,116,691,500,366
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $X$ be a projective, smooth and absolutely irreducible genus $g$ curve defined over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_{q}$. It is well known that the number of $\mathbb{F}_{q}$-rational points of $X$ is bounded and a lot of research has been done to determine whether the bounds are sharp: see for e...
1,116,691,500,367
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{intro}} Standard survival models assume that all individuals experience the event of interest eventually (cf.~\citet{kalbprent:2002}). However, this assumption is not always tenable since, for example, some diseases may require specific biological and/or lifestyle traits in place to activ...
1,116,691,500,368
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} One of the most notable features in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays is the sharp increase in the slope of the energy spectrum near $3\times10^{15}$\,eV (3 PeV) per particle -- the so-called ``knee.'' The nature of this ``knee'' is still unclear, and represents one of the ma...
1,116,691,500,369
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the continuous developmenting of the blue economy, the communications for marine information gathering, transmission and fusion will become more and more important\cite{uwanet}. Moreover, sixth-generation (6G) agenda aims to connect the whole world together, which needs to ensure worldwid...
1,116,691,500,370
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The direct detection of WIMPs in the lab would not only directly confirm the existence of dark matter but would also allow us to probe the WIMP properties, in particular its mass. This would shed light on its nature and probe extensions of the standard model of particle physics. Furthermore defi...
1,116,691,500,371
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\Bbbk$ be an algebraically closed field. If $C_1$ and $C_2$ are two cubics in $\mathbb{P}^2_\Bbbk$ which meet in $9$ points, and $X$ is a cubic passing through $8$ points of $C_1 \cap C_2$, then $X$ contains the nineth point of $C_1 \cap C_2$ as well. This well-known statement extends Pap...
1,116,691,500,372
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} \setcounter{equation}{0} This work concerns uniqueness theory for parabolic semilinear stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE) of the form \begin{eqnarray} \label{generalized} \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} (t,x)&=& \frac{\Delta}{2} u(t,x) + \sigma(x,u(t,x)) \dot{W}(t,x) ...
1,116,691,500,373
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} Let $S$ be an orientable 2-manifold, closed or with finitely many punctures, where the genus and the number of punctures are chosen so that $S$ admits a hyperbolic structure. The {\em modular group} $\Mod{S}$ is the group $\pi_0(\Diff{S})$, where admissible homeomorphis...
1,116,691,500,374
arxiv
\section{Integrability in classical and quantum theory} The notion of integrability arose in celestial mechanics and referred to systems for which the equation of motion can be solved in closed analytic form without the necessity to resort to controlled approximations (perturbation theory). The prototype model wa...
1,116,691,500,375
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Witten's twistor string theory proposal~\cite{Witten:2003nn} launched a series of developments which have greatly expanded our understanding of the mathematical structure of scattering amplitudes over the past several years, particularly in maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory (SYM). The m...
1,116,691,500,376
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In recent years, researchers have become increasingly interested in dynamic domination processes on graphs and {\it eternal domination} problems on graphs have been particularly well-studied (see the survey~\cite{survey}, for example). In the all-guards move model for eterna...
1,116,691,500,377
arxiv
\section{Appendix} \subsection{Properties of Differential Privacy} \label{subsec:dp_props} Differentially private computations enjoy two nice properties: \begin{theorem}[Post Processing \cite{DMNS06}] Let $A:\mathcal{X}^*\rightarrow \mathcal{O}$ be any $(\varepsilon,\delta)$-differentially private algorithm, and let $...
1,116,691,500,378
arxiv
\section{Appendix} \section{Additional Information about Data} \label{app:dictionary} Figure~\ref{fig:tok_per_lang} displays the dictionary coverage for each of our 100 languages. \begin{figure}[h!] \centering \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{dictionary_coverage.pdf} \caption{\textbf{Dictionary Cov...
1,116,691,500,379
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Background and Our Results} The population recovery problem was introduced by Dvir et al \cite{DRWY} and also studied by Wigderson and Yehudayoff \cite{WY}. To describe this basic statistical problem, we will borrow an example from \cite{WY}: \begin{quote} Imagine that you are a p...
1,116,691,500,380
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction} Bulk SrRuO$_3$ (SRO) is a \textit{4d} itinerant oxide metal with a ferromagnetic Curie temperature ($T_c$) of 160 K.\cite{cao1997magnetic, mazin1997electronic, koster2012structure, klein1996transport} The system has been investigated widely as an oxide electrode in all-oxide bas...
1,116,691,500,381
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{History and motivation} Let $\Sigma$ be a closed oriented surface of genus at least 2. The Teichm\"uller space $\mathcal{T}(\Sigma)$ is the space of discrete faithful representations of $\pi_1(\Sigma)$ into the Lie group $\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{R})$ modulo conjugation. It forms a conn...
1,116,691,500,382
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Boltzmann transport equation has played a very important role in the development of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. This microscopic equation describes the time-evolution of a distribution-function in phase-space and has also provided a connection with macroscopic hydrodynamic equatio...
1,116,691,500,383
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec:intro} Surface-acoustic waves (SAWs) are sound waves traveling along solid surfaces with a speed of $c_\textrm{SAW} = \lambda_\textrm{SAW} f_\textrm{SAW}$ of the order of $3500\:\textrm{ms}^{-1} < c_\textrm{SAW} < 4000\:\textrm{ms}^{-1}$ at frequencies of $10\:\textrm{kHz} < f_\textrm...
1,116,691,500,384
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved state-of-the art accuracy on various computer vision tasks such as image classification \cite{krizhevsky2012imagenet,he2016deep} but at the expense of extremely high computational and storage complexity, e.g., ResNet-18 \cite{he2016deep} needs $\sim 10^{...
1,116,691,500,385
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Galaxies exhibit bimodal distributions in a number of observed properties. The bimodality in galaxy morphologies formed the basis of the original galaxy classification scheme of \citet{hubble26}. The colors and luminosities of galaxies have been long known to correlate with morphology \citep[e.g...
1,116,691,500,386
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the emergence of deep neural networks~\cite{alexnet,vgg,resnet}, object detection built on deep networks has achieved significant progress both in detection accuracy~\cite{fastrcnn,RFCN,cornernet} and detection efficiency~\cite{YOLO,YOLOV3}. Beneficial from an optimal trade-off between real...
1,116,691,500,387
arxiv
\section{Introduction} To the best of our knowledge, the continuous development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cyberspace has established ubiquitous connections between objects, things, and humans. Meantime, it also promotes the seamless convergence among physical, social, thinking, and cyber spaces \cite{A1}. In...
1,116,691,500,388
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Form-like document understanding has become a booming research topic recently thanks to its many real-world applications in industry. Form-like documents refer to documents with rich typesetting formats, such as invoices and receipts in everyday inventory workflow. Automatically extracting and...
1,116,691,500,389
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The orbital parameters of a planetary system are sculpted by its formation processes and evolutionary history in a quest for a stable configuration. Circular, coplanar planetary orbits are a natural consequence of formation in a disk, whether by core accretion or gravitational ...
1,116,691,500,390
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In quantum mechanics one is often interested in knowing the long-time behavior of a given state of a system. It is well-known that there exist states that to tend to remain localized in a region of space, called \textit{bound} states, while there are states that tend to drift away from all bou...
1,116,691,500,391
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Based on the methods used by Floer \cite{floer} in Symplectic Topology to study the intersection properties of Lagrangian submanifolds, in \cite{OS2,OS4} Ozsv\' ath and Szab\' o introduced a package of three-manifold invariants called Heegaard Floer homology. This eventually led to the definitio...
1,116,691,500,392
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The high-energy gamma-ray sky (0.1-10 GeV), as observed by the Fermi Large Area Telescope \citep{2009ApJ...697.1071A}, is dominated by two classes of sources: blazars and pulsars. Gamma-ray pulsars are concentrated along the Galactic plane, while extragalactic blazars are distributed uniformly. ...
1,116,691,500,393
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the early 80s there is a vision that gaze-based interfaces could make our interaction with computer easier and more efficient \cite{Bolt:1981}. Gaze-based interfaces have many promises: they work over distances, they are hygienic as there is nothing to touch, they keep the hands free for...
1,116,691,500,394
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we fully describe the intersection theory of the moduli stack $\mathcal{B}_{r,d}$ of vector bundles on $\mathbb{P}^1$ bundles. Precisely, an object of $\mathcal{B}_{r,d}$ over a scheme $T$ is the data of a rank $2$ vector bundle $W$ on $T$ and a rank $r$, relative degree $d$ vecto...
1,116,691,500,395
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The main aim of this paper is to show that suitable weak solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations, whose $\dot{B}^{-1}_{\infty,\infty}$-norm is bounded, have the Type I singularities (or Type I blowups) only. To be more precise in the statement of our results, we need to define certain not...
1,116,691,500,396
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Spacetime outside of a stationary, charged, rotating black-hole is described by a member of the subextremal family of Kerr--Newman solutions of the Einstein electrovacuum equations. One of the most important open problems in general relativity is the nonlinear stability of the exterior Kerr(-...
1,116,691,500,397
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In a recent paper Strange\cite{S12} discussed some quantum-mechanical properties of an electron in a constant magnetic field. Since the system is axially symmetric along the field direction (chosen to be the $z$ axis) then the projection of the angular momentum along th...
1,116,691,500,398
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The fractional order Sobolev spaces $W^{s,p}(\RN)$, $p\in[1,\infty)$, $s\in(0,1)$, endowed with the Gagliardo--Slobodeckij seminorm, which is defined for smooth compactly supported functions $u$ as \begin{equation* |u|_{s,p}^p = \int_{\RN}\int_{\RN} \left(\frac{|u(x) - u(y)|}{|x-y|^s...
1,116,691,500,399
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}} \IEEEPARstart{I}{t} is well-known that the success of machine learning methods rests on a large amount of training data. However, when training samples \emph{are hard to collect}, how to improve model performance with \emph{small datasets} then becomes a great chall...
1,116,691,500,400
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} The known perturbation theory \cite{seq,Diracpqm} is an extremely important tool for describing real quantum systems, as it turns out to be very difficult to find exact solutions to the Schr\"dinger equation for Hamiltonians of even moderate complexity. Recently, we see the dawn to o...
1,116,691,500,401
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims at the creation of agents and systems that are capable of functioning in real-world environments~\cite{sutton2018reinforcement}. A common RL task involves decision-making and control, which given some information about the current state of the environment, must ...
1,116,691,500,402
arxiv
\subsection{Polymer Property Calculation for Automated Training Dataset Generation} For creating the training dataset, we have collected representative homo-polymers names in IUPAC nomenclature standard, from multiple polymer classes\cite{polyinfowebsite}. We have then converted their individual monomer unit names to ...
1,116,691,500,403
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} In recent years, the introduction of Transformation Optics has shed a new light on the propagation of electromagnetic waves in complex media and has proven to be an intuitive yet powerful tool for engineering the flow of light at the sub-wavelength scale \cite{Pendry1780,LeonhardtPhilbin2006,...
1,116,691,500,404
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The exotic antiprotonic helium atoms $\bar{p}\mathrm{He}^{+}$ are formed when negatively charged antiprotons are slowed down in helium and later captured by the Coulomb field of the helium nuclei. A fraction of about 3\% of the antiprotons are captured in metastable states wit...
1,116,691,500,405
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep learning-based methods have shown to be powerful in the development of automated image analysis software in digital pathology. This innovative field of research has been fostered by creation of publicly available data sets of specific histological structures. One of the most extensively res...
1,116,691,500,406
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The perovskites are very important class of materials with diverse range of properties for potential applications like sensors\cite{Harwell2020, fergus2007}, dielectrics\cite{davies2008}, thermoelectrics\cite{Sukanti2017, maiti2019}, magnetic materials\cite{pardo2009}, multiferroics\cite{Tokunaga...
1,116,691,500,407
arxiv
\section{\uppercase{#1}}\label{#2}} \newcommand{
1,116,691,500,408
arxiv
\section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}} \renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}} \newcommand{\begin{equation}}{\begin{equation}} \newcommand{\end{equation}}{\end{equation}} \newcommand{\begin{eqnarray}}{\begin{eqnarray}} \newcommand{\end{eqnarray}}{\end{eqnarray}} \newcommand{\nonumber}{\nonumber} \newc...
1,116,691,500,409
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A remarkable feature of nonlinear non-integrable lattices is the existence of time-periodic spatially localized (typically exponentially) excitations called breather solutions~\cite{ovchinikov1970localized,sievers1988intrinsic,flach1998discrete,flach2008discrete,flach2005qBreathers,flach2006qBre...
1,116,691,500,410
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A century after its discovery, the theory of general relativity continues to challenge all validity tests. The latest is the fabulous detection of gravitational waves emitted by a neutron star merger \cite{TheLIGOScientific:2017qsa} with a first measurement of their propagation speed which is pr...
1,116,691,500,411
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the dreams in physics, chemistry and materials science is to be able to monitor the dynamical behavior of matter with atomic spatial and temporal resolution, i.e. $0.1$~nm and $100$~fs, and thus enable the investigation\cite{Sciaini2011a,King2005} of phase transitions, chemical reactions ...
1,116,691,500,412
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The modern theory of large-scale structure of the Universe is based on the assumption that this structure is formed as the result of development of gravitational instability from small initial perturbations of density or gravitational potential. As a rule, these perturbations are gaussian, ...
1,116,691,500,413
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Pathology departments across most countries in the world are experiencing severe under-staffing issues \cite{metter_trends_2019, bainbridge_s_testing_2016}. With digital slide scanners becoming increasingly ubiquitous in pathology labs, it is expected that machine learning based de...
1,116,691,500,414
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Constraint solvers and optimizers have been used heavily in the design, synthesis, and verification of embedded and cyber-physical systems. Examples include multiprocessor system-on-chip verification \cite{MPSoC_verif}, quantum circuits temporal planning \cite{quantum_circuit}, synthesis for reac...