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1,116,691,500,415
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Introduction} General relativity (GR) and quantum mechanics are two of the best verif\/ied theories of modern physics. While general relativity has been spectacularly successful in explaining the universe at astronomical and cosmological scales, quantum mechanics ...
1,116,691,500,416
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Perhaps the most prominent application of optimization in ML is the empirical risk minimization problem. However, inspired by the success of GANs~\cite{NIPS2014_5ca3e9b1}, ML practictioners have developed more complicated min-max and adversarial optimization formulations \cite{yu2021fast,kuhn20...
1,116,691,500,417
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Real time processes at finite temperature play an essential role in the physics of the early universe and of heavy ion collisions. A key quantity in scenarios of baryogenesis~\cite{kuzmin,rs} is the rate for electroweak baryon number violation (the sphaleron rate). In the broken phase the sphale...
1,116,691,500,418
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Motivation} Exact solutions of Einstein's Field Equations \begin{equation} G_{\mu\nu} = \kappa T_{\mu\nu} \label{ee} \end{equation} are, of course, of interest for various purposes. Since the equations are very complicated, to find solutions one often makes simplifying assumptio...
1,116,691,500,419
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The production of bottom quarks has been extensively studied at hadron colliders. Early measurements were already carried out by the UA1 collaboration at the CERN S$p{\bar p}$S~\cite{Albajar:1986iu,Albajar:1988th} and, subsequently, by the CDF~\cite{Abe:1995dv,Acosta:2001rz,Acos...
1,116,691,500,420
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Dark matter is a crucial ingredient in the cosmological history of the universe and accounts for about 27\% of the energy budget in the universe today. As its existence is supported by galactic-scale to cosmological-scale gravity-based evidence, various experiments were performed, are operation...
1,116,691,500,421
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of quantum mechanics in periodic structures is one of the central topics in condensed matter physics since many decades \cite{Ashcroft}. The behavior of electrons in a crystal or, more generally, interacting particles in a periodic potential, even at the few-body level, puts forward a ...
1,116,691,500,422
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A quadratic extension of a cyclotomic field, which is non-abelian Galois over the rational number field $\Bbb Q$, is called a quasi-cyclotomic field. All quasi-cyclotomic fields are described explicitly in [8] followed the works in [1] and [3]. They are generated by a canonical $\mathbb Z/2\mathb...
1,116,691,500,423
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The corrosion of a metal after the damage of its protective layer is a problem of wide technological interest. The evolution of the corrosion front is the result of a competition between localized dissolution and passivation processes. The latter consists of the formation of a passivation layer ...
1,116,691,500,424
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The idea behind the Minkowski curvature flow treated in \cite{mink} is to consider the plane $\mathbb{R}^2$ with a different norm and study the motion of curves evolving by the minkowskian curvature in this new context. But, since we are working with (almost) arbitrary norms in $\mathbb{R}^2$ is...
1,116,691,500,425
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In \cite{Manu:2020tty}, we studied aspects of entanglement and quantum extremal surfaces (QES) in various families of holographic spacetimes exhibiting cosmological singularities. This is inspired by the exciting discoveries made recently on the black hole information paradox \cite{Penington:20...
1,116,691,500,426
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Standard Model (SM) accounts for almost all experimental high energy physics data; however, the observation of neutrino oscillations requires that the SM be extended to include nonzero neutrino masses. While there are many ways to expand the SM to account for neutrino oscillations, we attemp...
1,116,691,500,427
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{R}{ecent} years have witnessed the rapid evolution of communication technologies and fast proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices with growing capabilities of data gathering, analyzing and knowledge utilization assisted by wireless networks~\cite{1,2,3,4}, which also enab...
1,116,691,500,428
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec_intro} In four-dimensional General Relativity, a fundamental connection between geometric optics and the algebraic structure of the Weyl tensor is provided by the Goldberg-Sachs (GS) theorem \cite{GolSac62,NP}, which states that an Einstein spacetime is algebraically special ...
1,116,691,500,429
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Memristors are used for memory applications~\cite{Niu2010, Ho2011, Mohammad2013, Baghel2015, Radakovits2019}, where even storage of multiple bits per device is feasible~\cite{zangeneh_design_of_1t1r_reram,kim2010cnna,Taherinejad2015ems,Taherinejad2016cce}. In addition, memristo...
1,116,691,500,430
arxiv
\section{\bf Introduction and main results} \smallskip \noindent The long-standing famous Nagata conjecture for characteristic $0$ was proved by Shestakov and Umirbaev \cite{SU1, SU2}, and a strong version of the Nagata conjecture was proved by Umirbaev and Yu \cite{UY}. That is, the Nagata automorphism $(x-2y(y^2+x...
1,116,691,500,431
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recommender systems (RS) are a popular strategy to enable personalized users' experience \cite{ricci}. Historical data (e.g., browsing activity and ratings) and product characteristics (e.g., title and description) are well-recognized data sources to train RSs. Product information is often augme...
1,116,691,500,432
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} Nowadays, the ubiquitous nature of mobile and wearable devices has allowed users to access a multitude of new applications, services and content. More and more personal related information is stored on (or accessed via) personal devices such as smart phones, which enhances u...
1,116,691,500,433
arxiv
\section{\label{sec1} Introduction} Quantum walk(QW) is an extension of the classical random walk, in which the walker is controlled by a quantum mechanical variable \cite{a2,PhysRevA.48.1687}. The quantum interference from different walk paths brings about QW novel and interesting features. An motivation for wor...
1,116,691,500,434
arxiv
\section{Gordon's integral: Introduction} \noindent Among the important integrals in theoretical and mathematical physics is W. Gordon's integral \cite{gordon}, see also \cite{karule,landau,saad2003,tarasov2003}, \begin{align}\label{integral1} \operatorname {J}_c^{j(\pm p)}(b,b';\lambda,w,z)&=\int_0^\infty x^{c+j-1}e^{...
1,116,691,500,435
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro} Because Lyman $\alpha$ emission is easily quenched by dust, the Lyman Alpha Emitting galaxies (LAEs) are often characterized as protogalaxies experiencing their first burst of star formation \citep{hum96}. However, the differing behavior of Lyman $\alpha$ and continuum ph...
1,116,691,500,436
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} In this paper we propose a (1) general factorization framework (GFF) that (2) works also on implicit feedback data; (3) integrates recommendation context into the model; (4) and is flexible enough to employ the various underlying relationships of dimensions allowing us to adequa...
1,116,691,500,437
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the end of the {\em Spitzer} cold phase and the widespread availability of 8~$\mu$m and 24~$\mu$m bands observations in the archives, the availability of relations to determine the total infrared (TIR) emission from these wave bands by themselves is crucial to efficiently exploit the archiv...
1,116,691,500,438
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider a unique continuation (or data assimilation) problem for the Helmholtz equation \begin{align}\label{helholtz_intro} \Delta u + k^2 u = -f, \end{align} and introduce a stabilized finite element method (FEM) to solve the problem computationally. Such methods have been previousl...
1,116,691,500,439
arxiv
\section{Summary:} While achieving a compression ratio of 2.0 bits$\slash$base ,the new algorithm codes non-N bases\footnote{``non-N bases" refers to bases excpet N.Thus A,T,G or C. \ N stands for unknown base.} in fixed length.It dramatically reduces the time of coding and decoding than previous DNA compression algori...
1,116,691,500,440
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)~\citep{Yo00} is an imaging and spectroscopic survey that has now mapped over $ 1/4$ of the sky. It has already proven to be a powerful tool for the identification of Galactic substructure. For example, \citet{Ne02} and \citet{Ya03} identified a ring at low Gal...
1,116,691,500,441
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $V$ be a $2n$-dimensional vector space over the finite field $\F_q$. A {\it spread} $\cS$ of $V$ is a collection of $n$-dimensional subspaces that partitions the nonzero vectors in $V$. The members of $\cS$ are the {\it components}, and $V$ is the {\it ambient space}. The {\it kernel} is ...
1,116,691,500,442
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we study existence and uniqueness of rational normal curves in $\mathbb{P}^n$ passing through a given set of points and intersecting some codimension two linear spaces in a very natural way. More precisely, we require the curve to intersect each linear space in $n-1$ distinct point...
1,116,691,500,443
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Texts in scenes play an important role in communication between a machine and its surrounding environments. Automated machine understanding of texts in scenes has a vast range of applications such as navigation assistance for the visually impaired \cite{OrCam}, scene text translation for tourists...
1,116,691,500,444
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the last five decades pseudo-differential operators have become a standard tool in the study of partial differential equations. It is natural to try to define analogues of the Euclidean pseudo-differential calculus in other settings. On one hand, while it is always possible to obtain a loc...
1,116,691,500,445
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The long standing problem of finding an exact description of the CFT dual to M-theory on $AdS_4\times S^7$ (and orbifolds thereof), or the low energy limit of the world volume theory of $N$ coinciding M2-branes, was solved beautifully in a recent paper of Aharony, Bergman, Jafferis and Maldacena...
1,116,691,500,446
arxiv
\section{KENN\ architecture} \label{sec:architecture} As seen in Section~\ref{sec:kenn}, the core of KENN\ method is in the TBF . In KENN\ the TBF is applied inside a \emph{Clause Enhancer} (CE), which is a module instantiated for each grounded clause $c$ that calculates function $\delta_c$ as defined in Equation~\ref...
1,116,691,500,447
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The invention of the Loop algorithm\cite{Evertz} was a major breakthrough for Monte Carlo simulations of quantum spin systems. This algorithm which is a quantum version of the Swendsen-Wang cluster algorithm\cite{Kawashima} has many desirable features which makes it possible to study large system...
1,116,691,500,448
arxiv
\section{Introduction and results} \subsection{Context} Consider a real separable Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$ equipped with the Hilbertian inner product $\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle$ and the associated norm $\|\cdot\|$. The set of bounded operators from $\mathcal{H}$ to $\mathcal{H}$ will be denoted by $\mathcal{L}(\ma...
1,116,691,500,449
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well-known that physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) must exist in order to address a number of outstanding questions such as the nature of dark matter, the generation of neutrino masses, the origin of the observed baryon asymmetry and the solution to the hierarchy problem -- all of whi...
1,116,691,500,450
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \para{} A topological superconductor (SC) has a superconducting gap in the bulk but protected Majorana fermions on the boundaries or in the cores of vortices in an externally applied magnetic field \cite{qi-rmp-2011,sato-rpp-2017}. There has been considerable excitement about the search for to...
1,116,691,500,451
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Given a multigraph $G=(V,E)$, the {\em edge-coloring problem} (ECP) is to color the edges of $G$ with the minimum number of colors so that no two adjacent edges have the same color. Its optimal value is called the {\em chromatic index} of $G$, denoted by $\chi'(G)$. In addition to its great t...
1,116,691,500,452
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{section1} Traditionally, magnetic reconnection and MHD wave theory have been viewed as separate areas of solar physics (see, e.g., Priest \& Forbes \cite{magneticreconnection2000}; Roberts \cite{Bernie}; De Moortel \cite{DeMoortel2005}; Nakariakov \& Verwichte \cite{NV2005}; De Moo...
1,116,691,500,453
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The convolutional codes are widely used in digital communication systems to correct the transmission errors, which have been adopted by almost all advanced wireless communication standards. There are strong requirements to develop high performance decoding components with good scalability and r...
1,116,691,500,454
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of metal poor, compact star forming galaxies was initiated by \citet{sarsearl72}. Their importance was rapidly recognized because they were considered to be ideal benchmarks in the study of the earliest stages of galaxy evolution, and were studied in many works (\citet{campbell88,pagel...
1,116,691,500,455
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace{-0.6em} \noindent The identification of dynamical systems from data is a powerful tool in Robotics \cite{aastrom1971system}. Learnt analytic models may be used for control synthesis and can be utilized for gravitational and inertial compensation \cite{spong2020robot}. Moreover, when use...
1,116,691,500,456
arxiv
\section{Two convex relaxations for sparse linear regression} Given a collection of observed sample points $(x_i, y_i) \in \mathbb{R}^p \times \mathcal{Y}$, the goal of a sparse learning task is to learn a linear function $x \mapsto \beta^T x$ that is then used to predict an outcome of $y\in \mathcal{Y}$ for future/...
1,116,691,500,457
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Dialog based interaction between a customer and a bot may become tedious and irrelevant if the system’s beliefs are not consistent with the set of beliefs of the customer. Beliefs are cognitive representational states that represent the presumed context of the conversation perceived by each agent...
1,116,691,500,458
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} microRNAs (miRNAs) --short, endogenous, noncoding RNAs that operate post-transcriptionally via sequence-specific binding to target RNAs-- are increasingly recognized as key actors in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression \cite{bartel,flynt,cech,gurt,metaz}. Following transcr...
1,116,691,500,459
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Predicting pedestrian trajectory is an essential task for accomplishing mobility-based jobs in naturalistic environments, such as robotics navigation in crowded areas, safe autonomous driving and many other applications that require foreseeing motion in an interactive dynamical system. Existing l...
1,116,691,500,460
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $G$ be a connected reductive algebraic group defined over a field $k$ of characteristic not $2$, $\theta$ a $k$-involution of $G$, i.e. a $k$-automorphism of $G$ of order two, $H$ a $k$-open subgroup of the fixed point group of $\theta$ and $G_k$ (resp. $H_k$) the set of $k$-rational points...
1,116,691,500,461
arxiv
\section{Introduction} All topological spaces under consideration are assumed to be $T_1$ and Hausdorff. A \emph{Dowker space} is a normal topological space whose product with the unit interval is not normal. Dowker \cite{Dowker_C.H.} raised the question of their very existence, and gave a useful characterizatio...
1,116,691,500,462
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The \emph{maximum-entropy sampling problem}, a fundamental problem in optimal statistical design, was formally introduced in \cite{SW} and then applied in many areas such as the re-design of environmental-monitoring networks (see \cite{ZidekSunLe2000}, for example). In the Gaussian case, the pr...
1,116,691,500,463
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Advanced vehicle control algorithms are crucial for the development of safe and reliable \textcolor{black}{autonomous driving (AD)} applications to reduce road accidents and causalities~\cite{DO2021104856}. Conventional control designs such as PID and linear state feedback often serve in low-le...
1,116,691,500,464
arxiv
\section*{SUMMARY} Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications can profoundly impact society. Recently, there has been extensive interest in studying how scientists design AI systems for general tasks. However, it remains an open question about whether the AI systems developed in this way can work as expected in differe...
1,116,691,500,465
arxiv
\section{Introduction} After Hawking's famous work \cite{Hawking:1974rv} - the black holes radiate - known as {\it{Hawking effect}}, it is now well understood that it is related to the event horizon of a black hole. A closely related effect is the {\it{Unruh effect}} \cite{Unruh:1976db}, where a similar type o...
1,116,691,500,466
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A complex behavior of the normal state transport properties in the copper high temperature superconductors (HTSC) have been studied for a long time. Nevertheless, up to now there is no consistent description for some basic transport properties of copper HTSC as, for example, for an unusual temper...
1,116,691,500,467
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \begin{figure \centering \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{feature1.png} \caption{\label{fig:feature} An illustration of the feature scattering mechanism. The classical inflationary trajectory is featureless. However, because of the quantum fluctuation of the isocurva...
1,116,691,500,468
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Egocentric action anticipation \cite{damen2020epic} is receiving increasing attention recently, which aims to anticipate what the subject to do next based on the recordings from egocentric cameras. Different from the third-person action anticipation, it actually records what the subject observes ...
1,116,691,500,469
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} After the remarkable discovery of Cachazo, He, and Yuan (CHY) \cite{Cachazo:2013hca, Cachazo:2013iea, Cachazo:2014xea} of general compact formulae for tree-level amplitudes as integrals over the space of punctured Riemann spheres localized over the so-called \textit{scatteri...
1,116,691,500,470
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Given the advent of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with billions of floating number multiplications could receive speed-ups and make important strides in a large variety of computer vision tasks, \eg image classification~\cite{VGG,krizhevsky2012imagene...
1,116,691,500,471
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection*{Background} This paper concerns dif\/ferential geometry in dimensions one to four, and (primarily) four kinds of geometric structure, one in each dimension, governed by four nonlinear integrable dif\/ferential equations. Associated to each manifold carrying one of these geometric s...
1,116,691,500,472
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Supersymmetric models with extra dimensions has attracted interest. Since extra dimensions and supersymmetry have not been discovered, these must be invisible at low scales. One of the simple ways to compactify extra dimensions and break supersymmetry simultaneously is the Scherk-Schwarz mech...
1,116,691,500,473
arxiv
\section{Classical Lagrange and Wolfe \\dual programs} In this Section, we re-discuss the well-known programs with holonomic constraints insisting on the following issues \cite{B}, \cite{H}, \cite{R}: (i) the Lagrange-dual problem with weak respectively strong duality; (ii) the Wolfe-dual problem; (iii) pertinent ex...
1,116,691,500,474
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A long time has been passed since a straight double helical structure had been proposed by Watson and Crick as relaxed configuration of a DNA, but today, we know it can almost never be found in this form in nature. The macromolecule is able to play its important and essential role in the life,...
1,116,691,500,475
arxiv
\section{Introduction The main purpose of this paper is to deepen the study of qualitative theory of differential equations induced by differentiable vector fields of the plane which are not necessarily of class $C^1$. For instance, problems addressed in \cite{MR2096702, MR2287882,MR2266382} include global injectivity...
1,116,691,500,476
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1914, Ramanujan \cite{Ramanujan} gave a number of rapidly convergent series of $1/\pi$. Although the following series, due to Bauer \cite{Bauer}, is not listed in \cite{Ramanujan}, it gives an example of this kind: \begin{align} \sum^{\infty}_{k=0}(-1)^k(4k+1)\frac{(\frac{1}{2})_k^3}{k!^3...
1,116,691,500,477
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, deep neural networks is used to model implicit representations of 3D shapes has been widely applied for reconstruction \cite{duggal2021secrets}, generation \cite{chen2019learning}, compression \cite{tang2020deep} and rendering \cite{remelli2020meshsdf, takikawa2021neural}. As one of th...
1,116,691,500,478
arxiv
\section*{Appendix} \subsection*{A. Transference Formalism and Proofs} \begin{example}[Freeze Quantification] Suppose we want to express that whenever the event $Q$ occurs, it is followed later by $R$, and then by $S$, such that the time difference between occurrences of $Q$ and $R$ is at most $5$, and also the time ...
1,116,691,500,479
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \hspace*{0.5 cm}Let $\Omega\subset {\bf R}^N$ be a bounded domain with a $C^2$-smooth boundary $\partial\Omega$ and let $\omega\subset\Omega$ be a subdomain. Write $Q=\Omega \times (0,T)$ with $T>0$ and write $\Sigma=\partial\Omega\times (0,T) $. Consider the following parabolic equation: $$ \l...
1,116,691,500,480
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{section Introduction} Geometric group theorists traditionally restrict their attention to finitely generated groups equipped with a word metric. A typical proof of \v Svarc-Milnor Lemma (see \cite{Roe lectures} or \cite{Bridson-HaefligerBook}, p.140) involves such metrics. Recently, the st...
1,116,691,500,481
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure}[h] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.85\hsize]{imgs/ResultsOfSiamFC} \caption{Examples of NIR partial face images and detection results. First row shows input images. Left image was captured with iris on the move (IOTM) system, and right image is from public iris dat...
1,116,691,500,482
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The resolution limit of conventional microscopes is determined by Rayleigh's criterion \cite{Rayleigh}. In the last few decades, various techniques have been invented to circumvent Rayleigh's limit by changing the imaging conditions. Such techniques utilize nonlinear optical properties of the ob...
1,116,691,500,483
arxiv
\section{Future Applications} We have analyzed the individual components of this dataset and presented experiments with baseline results for tasks such as attribute classification, relationship classification, description generation, and question answering. There are, however, more applications and experiments for wh...
1,116,691,500,484
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The aim of generative models is to produce synthetic images, which are similar to samples in a dataset. Recently, remarkable approaches have been proposed and developed in this field \cite{goodfellow2014generative, kingma2018glow, kingma2016improved, oord2016pixel}. Each of these approaches has ...
1,116,691,500,485
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Preliminaries} A loop is called an Osborn loop if it obeys any of the two identities below. \begin{equation}\label{eq:4.1} \textrm{OS$_3$}~:~(x\cdot yz)x=xy\cdot [(x^\lambda \cdot xz)\cdot x] \end{equation} \begin{equation}\label{eq:6.1} \textrm{OS$_5$}~:~(x\cdot yz)x=xy\cdot [(x\cdot x...
1,116,691,500,486
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The standard two-sided and one-sided matching problems, and the closely related school choice problem, have been widely studied from an axiomatic viewpoint. A small number of algorithms dominate the literature. For two-sided matching, the Gale-Shapley algorithm; for one-sided matching, (random) ...
1,116,691,500,487
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} In typical microfluidic applications, the Reynolds number is very small and the flow is laminar. If chaotic mixing is not induced by the device geometry via fully three-dimensional flow fields, mixing is due to molecular diffusion only, resulting in long diffusion times, ...
1,116,691,500,488
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Wireless broadband systems are witnessing rapid growth in both the number of subscribers and the traffic volume per subscriber. More smartphone users are using web-based services such as video streaming, e.g. YouTube, and social networking, e.g. Facebook. These applications re...
1,116,691,500,489
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Machine learning with distributed databases has been a hot research area~\cite{li2014communication}. The amount of data at each client can be large, and hence the data uploading to a central server may be constrained by energy and bandwidth limitations. Besides, local data may c...
1,116,691,500,490
arxiv
\section*{SUBMITTED TO "MECHANICS OF MATERIALS" ON 4th OCTOBER 2020} \title{Rate-dependent adhesion of viscoelastic contacts. Part \textrm{I}: contact area and contact line velocity within model multi-asperity contacts with rubber.} \author{G. Violano} \affiliation{Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, ...
1,116,691,500,491
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Star forming dwarf galaxies constitute one of the very common type of galaxies present in the local volume and increase in number and importance with redshift. They mostly have small intrinsic size and low absolute luminosity \citep{hodge1971}. Study of nearby dwarf galaxies are vital to throw li...
1,116,691,500,492
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cosmic rays (CRs, hereafter) are high-energy particles that generate randomly distributed, large signals on charge-coupled devices (CCDs), which could affect the measured fluxes of astronomical objects if not detected or removed properly. Generally, CRs are removed by combining three or more...
1,116,691,500,493
arxiv
\section*{ } By expressing the time-independent Schr\"odinger equation in one dimension as a system of two first-order differential equations, the transfer matrix for a rectangular potential barrier is obtained making use of the matrix exponential. It is shown that the transfer matrix allows one to find the bound state...
1,116,691,500,494
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Intro} The research and development of quantum computers are currently an important and active field of quantum information science and technology \cite{QCFeynman,QCDeutsch,QCLloyd,DiVincenzoQC,QCQINandC,QSRMP2014,SCQRPP2017, SCQNISQ20191,SCQARCMP2020,ZhugroupSQC2020,trappedionNISQ2019...
1,116,691,500,495
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The private retrieval of information from public databases has received significant attention already for several decades from researchers in the computer science community (see, e.g., \cite{Chor_etal1998, Yekhanin2010}). While this line of work, commonly known as private information retrieval...
1,116,691,500,496
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Theoretical modeling of structure formation in a $\Lambda$-CDM cosmology cannot match observed galaxy luminosity functions locally unless some form of heating or ``feedback'' is included in the simulations \citep[e.g.,][]{GranatoEtal2004}. This strong theoretical requirement coupled with (1) the...
1,116,691,500,497
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Over the past several decades, weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) have been the leading class of candidates for our universe's dark matter. This paradigm has been motivated primarily by the fact that a stable particle species with a weak-scale mass and interaction st...
1,116,691,500,498
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The latest set of gravitational--wave (GW) observations released by the LIGO Scientific \citep{LIGOScientific:2014pky}, Virgo \citep{VIRGO:2014yos} and KAGRA \citep{Aso:2013eba} Collaboration (LVK) as part of The third Gravitational-wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-3) catalog \citep...
1,116,691,500,499
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep neural networks have achieved significant results for a variety of real-world tasks such as image processing~\cite{He2015a,Zhu2017}, natural language processing~\cite{Devlin2018}, and game playing~\cite{Silver2017}. Their successes depend on hard-coded prior knowledge, such as translation in...
1,116,691,500,500
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Summary } A double Wick rotation on the string world-sheet was proposed in \cite{Arutyunov:2007tc} and now it is well known that it is a very useful tool for the study of AdS/CFT correspondence, for review see \cite{Arutyunov:2009ga}. It is crucial that double Wick rotation has sense in case o...
1,116,691,500,501
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The aim of this letter is to provide a coherent description of the impact of scalar ($J^{PC}=0^{++}$) and tensor ($J^{PC}=2^{++}$) mesons in tau decays with three pions in the final state. The four targets of this theoretical analysis are \begin{itemize} \item{\bf Chiral invariance and (p...
1,116,691,500,502
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The past decade has witnessed an explosive growth of data and the needs for high-speed data processing. A large-scale data often needs to be sorted to enable higher efficiency. Sorting is a key kernel in many applications such as data mining \cite{aggarwal2015data}, robotics \cite{bayindir2016re...
1,116,691,500,503
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Infrared (soft and collinear) singularities appear in the calculation of multiparton QCD matrix elements. Although the singularities cancel in the evaluation of inclusive cross sections, their factorization properties are at the basis of many important tools in perturbative QCD app...
1,116,691,500,504
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The possibility of generation of short light pulses by locking the longitudinal modes of a laser was discussed only a few years after the development of the laser in 1960. Mode-locking techniques can be classified into two major classes: (i) active mode-locking, based on an ...
1,116,691,500,505
arxiv
\section*{Code Availability} Our codes are available at: https://github.com/weiT1993/CutQC. \section*{Acknowledgements} This work is partly funded by EPiQC, an NSF Expedition in Computing, under grants CCF-1730082/1730449. This work is partly based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Scienc...
1,116,691,500,506
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Understanding the structure and kinematics of spiral galaxies, in particular explaining their rotation curves at large galactic radii, remains one of the pressing open questions in astrophysics. Optical observations of galactic rotation curves find that rather than falling off as one would expec...
1,116,691,500,507
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Exclusive electroproduction of vector mesons was suggested in \cite{knnz} as an effective tool in search for color transparency (CT) \cite{prp}. The key idea is based upon absence of strict correlation between the photon's energy and virtuality, typical for reactions of quasielastic scatterin...
1,116,691,500,508
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As locally complicated spaces naturally appear in mathematics (examples: boundaries of groups, limits under Gromov-Hausdorff convergence) there is an effort to extend homotopy-theoretical concepts to such spaces. This paper is devoted to a theory of coverings by locally path-connected spaces. Ze...
1,116,691,500,509
arxiv
\section{\label{introdution}Introduction} The study of the properties of networks led to the development of many mathematical, statistical and computational tools that can be used to analyze, model, and understand how systems behave in many areas of knowledge such as physics, biology, ecology, and social sciences, to ...
1,116,691,500,510
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The present paper deals with analytic properties of the {\em partial theta function} \begin{equation}\label{eqtheta} \theta (q,x):=\sum _{j=0}^{\infty}q^{j(j+1)/2}x^j~. \end{equation} It owes its name to the resemblance between the function $\theta (q^2,x/q)=\sum _{j=0}^{\infty}q^{j^2}x^j$...
1,116,691,500,511
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} With recent developments in soft robotics~\cite{c1,c2,c3}, robot arms equipped with soft grippers are able to achieve more human-like tasks such as grasping fragile objects like vegetables and fruits. Soft grippers are made of compliant materials, which have high elasticity and compliance. On th...
1,116,691,500,512
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Widely distributed radar systems are robust and fault-tolerant systems that provide high angular resolution and permit the exploitation of spatial diversity and occlusions avoidance \cite{haimovich2007mimo}. With applications in surveillance, assisted living, and health monitor...
1,116,691,500,513
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Graph analysis has been receiving more and more attention on social networks, transportation, protein forecast, etc. However, directly publishing graph statistics may leak sensitive information about an individual~\cite{RHMS_2}. Recently, many research works have studied the problem of publishi...
1,116,691,500,514
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, technological advances in the experimental control of ultracold gases \cite{ug1,ug2}, trapped ions \cite{tri}, and nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamonds \cite{nv}, allowed to probe the time evolution of isolated quantum systems. Since, in such systems, the time evolution is unitary, no i...