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1,116,691,500,515 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Distributed systems are considered as an inevitable solution to store or process large amount of data. However, distributing the computation raises major concerns regarding security and privacy of data and algorithms. This is particularly crucial, if we have to offload t... |
1,116,691,500,516 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Summary}
{}In most practical quant trading applications\footnote{\, Similar issues are also present in other practical applications unrelated to trading or finance.} one faces an old problem when computing a sample covariance matrix of returns: the number $N$ of returns (e.g., the number of s... |
1,116,691,500,517 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Stellar nucleosynthesis via the charged particle induced reactions terminates when nuclear binding energy
reaches its peak value near $A=56$. The reactions become endothermic in nature and further production of elements depends on the rates of neutron capture on stable end-products and successiv... |
1,116,691,500,518 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The problem of efficient population transfer between two bound states through a laser induced continuum structure \cite{Knight90}, has attracted considerable attention over the years \cite{Carroll92,Nakajima94,Caroll96,Vitanov97,Yatsenko97,Unanyan98,Paspalakis97,Paspalakis98... |
1,116,691,500,519 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements} #1 }
\newcommand{\Rep}{\mathbf{Rep}}
\newcommand{\C}{\mathbb{C}}
\newcommand{\E}{\mathbb{E}}
\newcommand{\Q}{\mathbb{Q}}
\newcommand{\R}{\mathbb{R}}
\newcommand{\N}{\mathbb{N}}
\newcommand{\GL}{\mathrm{GL}... |
1,116,691,500,520 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Understanding the interactions of economic agents is a central concern in the economics of information \shortcite{Manski00}. Learning from others' choices is important in many circumstances: patients draw negative quality inferences from the refusal of a kidney in the kidney market \shortcite{Zh... |
1,116,691,500,521 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Crofton formulas}
The classical Crofton formula computes the length of a rectifiable curve $\gamma$ in $\mathbb{R}^2$ as
\begin{equation} \label{eq_crofton_2dim}
\mathrm{Length}(\gamma)=\frac{\pi}{2} \int_{\overline{\Gr}_1(\mathbb{R}^2)} \#(\gamma \cap \overline L) d\overli... |
1,116,691,500,522 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Let $T:A\to B$ be a mapping between C$^*$-algebras. We say that $T$ is \emph{orthogonality preserving} if it maps orthogonal elements in $A$ to orthogonal elements in $B$. Along this paper, elements $a,b$ in a C$^*$-algebra $A$ are called orthogonal if $a b^* = b^* a= 0$. If $T(a^*)... |
1,116,691,500,523 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The modeling of neutron stars (NS) relies mostly on the present knowledge of nuclear physics, since nuclear properties determine the characteristics of its crust -- together with the electrons -- and the energetics of the nucleon liquid in its outer core~\cite{Lattimer2016, Haensel2007, Steiner... |
1,116,691,500,524 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
The spin glass theory has been one of the most difficult problems
treated by statistical mechanics during the last two decades.
Despite its value in the field of solid state physics, its
study has also contributed to develop new techniques which now apply
to a wide range of ... |
1,116,691,500,525 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK-) model \cite{SK} has been an extraordinary stimulating source for analytical and numerical studies in the physics of frustrated magnetism and in numerous interdisciplinary applications. Many relevant properties of the SK-model have been explored since its discove... |
1,116,691,500,526 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this note, we are interested in the following quantitative unique continuation problem at infinity of some
higher order elliptic operators with constant coefficients. Assume $u$ satisfies
\begin{equation}\label{1.1}
P(D)u+Vu=0, \quad\text{in}~~ \mathbb{R}^{n},
\end{equation}
and
\begin{... |
1,116,691,500,527 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
For more than 50 years, a significant research effort in theoretical computer science was made to solve the membership problem for regular languages. This problem consists in determining whether a class of regular languages is decidable, that is, whether there is an algorithm in... |
1,116,691,500,528 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{The Curie-Weiss-Potts model}
The Curie-Weiss-Potts model is a mean field approximation of the well-known Potts model, a famous model in equilibrium statistical mechanics.
It is defined in terms of a mean interaction averaged over all sites in the model, more precisely, by sequences o... |
1,116,691,500,529 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In~\cite{Monsky-Washnitzer:Formal}, Monsky and Washnitzer introduce a
cohomology theory for affine non-singular varieties defined over a
field~\(\resf\)
of nonzero characteristic. Let~\(\dvr\)
be a discrete valuation ring such that the fraction field~\(\dvf\)
of~\(\dvr\)
has characteristic~\(0\... |
1,116,691,500,530 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
\citet{2021arXiv210102212J} reported that the red giant (RG) star V723 Mon is orbited by a dark $\approx 3\,M_\odot$ companion on a nearly circular and edge-on orbit with the period of $P \approx 60\,\mathrm{days}$.
If the companion is a single compact object, it is the neares... |
1,116,691,500,531 | arxiv | \section{Abstract}
Inverse Compton scattering appears to play a more important role in the
diffuse Galactic continuum emission than previously thought, from MeV
to GeV energies. We compare models having a large inverse Compton
component with EGRET data, and find good agreement in the longitude and
latitude distributio... |
1,116,691,500,532 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Let $\boldsymbol k$ be a field of characteristic $0$. A unital commutative associative $\boldsymbol k$-algebra $A$ is called a \emph{Poisson algebra} if it is endowed with a Lie bracket $\{\:,\:\}:A\times A\to A$ such that $\{a,bc\}=b\{a,c\}+\{a,b\}c$ for all $a,b,c\in A$. The ... |
1,116,691,500,533 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Supervised learning is the main stream in pattern recognition, computer
vision and natural language processing nowadays due to the great success
of deep learning. On one hand, the performance of a learning system
should improve as the number of training samples increases... |
1,116,691,500,534 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Autism is a diffusive developmental disorder in early childhood. As parents none wants their children to have any problem but when it comes to an autism, people should give serious attention. Children with autism face immense struggles when it comes interacting with their typically developing pe... |
1,116,691,500,535 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Introduction}Introduction}
Neural networks have emerged as the current disruptive computational concept.
When cascading multiple network layers, these systems set the benchmark in multiple challenging tasks \cite{LeCun2015}.
In such \textit{deep} neural networks, layers are dedicated to highlight... |
1,116,691,500,536 | arxiv |
\section{Method}\label{algorithm}
We now introduce our feature selection scheme. We call this method \emph{FOS}~({\it F}ast and {\it O}ptimal {\it S}election) for convenient reference in the paper. A heuristic version of the method is stated in Algorithm~\ref{heuristics}. The algorithm contains three main parts: Fir... |
1,116,691,500,537 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
While the study of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) captures
the lion's share of modeling efforts in physical, chemical and biological
problems, the study of nonlinear dynamical lattices has received growing
attention over the last decades~\cite{Aubry06,Flach:2008,FPUreview,pgk:20... |
1,116,691,500,538 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Most hot subdwarf-B (sdB) stars belong to the population of
extreme-horizontal-branch (EHB) stars.
The HB designation implies that they have
ignited helium through the core-helium flash, and therefore
have a core mass close to the helium-flash
mass of $\sim$0.46\,\ensuremath{\rm{M}_{\odot}}. B... |
1,116,691,500,539 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) has become a
very popular approach to solving a broad variety of optimization
problems in signal and image processing, prominent examples including
Total Variation regularization and sparse representation
problems~\cite{go... |
1,116,691,500,540 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sct:Cyclic Introduction}
The spectral action \cite{CC96,CC97} is one of the key instruments in the applications of noncommutative geometry to particle physics. With inner fluctuations \cite{C96} of a noncommutative manifold playing the role of gauge potentials, the spectral action principl... |
1,116,691,500,541 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Interest towards working with large engineering systems is increasing recently, but long simulation time is one of the main limiting factors. Although the development of the computational power of modern computers has been very fast in recent years, increasing model complexity, mor... |
1,116,691,500,542 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The two dimensional $O(3)$ nonlinear sigma model
is a asymptotically free field theory \cite{a_f}. It deserves special interest in view of
asymptotically free four dimensional nonabelian gauge theories
describing the strong interactions inbetween Quarks. A fundamental
feature of these theories ... |
1,116,691,500,543 | arxiv | \section{NGC 3079}
NGC 3079 is one of the nearby ($\sim16$ Mpc) edge-on spiral galaxies that have been studied extensively in different
wavelengths. It is classified as Seyfert 2 \citep{Ford1986} and shows evidence of starburst activity \citep[e.g;][]{Veilleux1994}. The galaxy is known for its several unique feature... |
1,116,691,500,544 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
What do a Wi-Fi router, a Bluetooth speaker, and a leaky microwave oven have in common? They all broadcast wireless signals in the same frequency range. Modern wireless technologies ensure reliable communication by employing techniques, such as subcarrier frequency hopping \cite{Torrieri2018} or... |
1,116,691,500,545 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
u_t+u\cdot \nabla u+\nabla p&=B\cdot \nabla B+\nu \Delta u,\\
B_t+u\cdot \nabla B&=B\cdot \nabla u+\mu \Delta B,\\
\nabla \cdot u=\nabla \cdot B&=0,
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}\\
describes the velocity field $u(x,t)$, th... |
1,116,691,500,546 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
While supervised learning has been successful in a variety of computer vision tasks~\cite{krizhevsky2012imagenet,he2016deep,c3d,ren2015faster}, self-supervised representation learning from unlabeled data has attracted increasing attention in recent years~\cite{caron2018deep,misra2016shuffle}.
In ... |
1,116,691,500,547 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
The observed baryon asymmetry in the Universe requires the violation of the charge-conjugation parity ({\ensuremath{C\!P}}\xspace) symmetry~\cite{Sakharov:1967dj}. Within the Standard Model (SM), {\ensuremath{C\!P}}\xspace violation occurs due to an irreducible complex ph... |
1,116,691,500,548 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Eigenvalue distributions of Wishart random matrices arise in many
fields. Prominent examples include wireless communication systems
\cite{telatar,Shijin,Alouini,Matthew,MatthewIT,Chi,PeterJ}, synthetic
aperture radar (SAR) signal processing \cite{Martinez}, econometrics
\cite{Stock... |
1,116,691,500,549 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Extreme scattering events (ESEs) are fluctuations in the brightness of radio sources \citep{Fiedler_1987}. They typically appear as U-shaped month-long dips in the light curves of extragalactic compact radio sources and possess a strong frequency dependence \citep{Fiedler_1994}.... |
1,116,691,500,550 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The internal dynamical processes of open clusters (OCs) are
mass loss during stellar evolution, mass segregation and evaporation
of its stellar content with time. Tidal interactions with the Galaxy's disc and bulge,
as well as collisions with Giant Molecular clouds (hereafter GMCs) are
the ... |
1,116,691,500,551 | arxiv | \section{Appendix}
\vspace{-1mm}
In the Appendix, we provide additional details and results for our Neural Data Server.
\vspace{-0mm}
\subsection{Web Interface}
Our NDS is running as a web-service at \url{http://aidemos.cs.toronto.edu/nds/}. We are inviting interested readers to try it and give us feedback. A snapsho... |
1,116,691,500,552 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) is a key task in computational evolutionary biology~\cite{liberles_ancestral_2007}. It consists in inferring a molecular sequence at an ancestral species of a known phylogeny, given descendant sequences at the tip of the tree. Numerous approaches are ava... |
1,116,691,500,553 | arxiv | \section{Supplemental Material}
In this Supplemental Material, we discuss the mathematical details.
\subsection{Zeno dynamics. Error bound}
Consider the spectral resolution of $H=H^\dagger$:
\begin{equation}
H=\sum_{k=1}^d h_k P_k,
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
P_k P_\ell =\delta_{k\ell}P_\ell = \delta_{k\... |
1,116,691,500,554 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Vision and language are two fundamental capabilities of human intelligence. Humans routinely perform cross-modal analytics through the interactions between vision and language, supporting the uniquely human capacity, such as describing what they see with a natural sentence (image captioning \cit... |
1,116,691,500,555 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The dielectronic satellite lines are commonly seen in the spectra of
highly ionized ions in high-temperature sources, such as active and
flaring regions of the solar corona or fusion devices
(Kato {\it et\thinspace al}\ 1998, Bely-Dubau {\it et\thinspace al}\
1982). They have been shown t... |
1,116,691,500,556 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\protect \bigskip}
{The recent discoveries of surface and interface superconductivity with} {%
exceptionally high superconducting (SC) transition temperatures in several
material structures} \cite{BosovicNphys14},\cite{FengGeNmat15}, \cite%
{MannaArXive16} have drawn much attention to the phenome... |
1,116,691,500,557 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The use of multilayers of superconductors with a larger critical temperature $T\msub{c}$ on top of Nb to increase the accelerating gradient $E\msub{acc}$ of superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavites has first been proposed by Gurevich \cite{Gurevich_mulitlayers}. He suggested a structure with ... |
1,116,691,500,558 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Settings of the problem}
We are interested in stabilizing the density dependent Navier-Stokes equations around some stationary state $(\rho_{s},v_{s})$ (where $(\rho_{s},v_{s},p_{s})$ is a stationary solution) in a two dimensional channel $\Omega$. For that we will use an appropriat... |
1,116,691,500,559 | arxiv | \section{Experimental Setup}
\label{sec:appendix-exp}
\subsection{Black Box Models: Training and Performance}
For tabular data, we train four models: a logistic regression model, a gradient-boosted tree model (50 estimators), a random forest model (50 estimators), and a densely-connected feed-forward neural network... |
1,116,691,500,560 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Surveillance cameras, also known as closed-circuit television (CCTV) systems, have proliferated in the last several decades as the costs to record and store video have fallen dramatically.
As of 2016, there were an estimated 350 million surveillance cameras worldwide~\cite{ihs2016}.... |
1,116,691,500,561 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
Low-rank updated matrices are of great importance in real applications \cite{Chu,G. H. Golub}. Specifically, the eigenproblem
with respect to a low-rank updated matrix is of great interest \cite{J. R. Bunch,G. H. Golub,GV,Gu,J. H. Wilkinson,Wu,WW}.
However, most wor... |
1,116,691,500,562 | arxiv | \section{Methods}
The process for obtaining the reconstruction shown in Fig.~\ref{4Panel}d was as follows:
\begin{enumerate}
\item{Tilted plane correction was applied to each of the 90 diffraction patterns in the full dataset.}
\item{The standard ePIE algorithm \cite{Maiden2009} was applied to the corrected data, wit... |
1,116,691,500,563 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:INTRO}
It has been shown in~\cite{I} that the invariance of the partition function of a molecular system
under the change of variables induced by the (measure preserving) canonical
transformation~\footnote{A sum over repeated spatial indices ($a,b,\ldots=1,\ldots,D$) is understood. ... |
1,116,691,500,564 | arxiv | \section{Methods}
\subsection{Solution to the inverse centrality problem.} The set of $N$
linear equations with $K$ variable weights,
$\omega_1,\ldots,\omega_K$, in Eq.~\ref{eq1} can be rewritten as a
system of $N$ linear equations with $K$ variables:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:sistema}
B \bm{\omega} =\rho \mathbf{c... |
1,116,691,500,565 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The majority of textual web content is supplemented by multimedia information depicted in pictures, animations, audio, or videos -- for a good reason: it can help users to comprehend information more effectively and efficiently. In addition, some kind of information can b... |
1,116,691,500,566 | arxiv | \section{Local functionals and evolutionary vector fields}
Let us start with notions from the theory of graded spaces as they are
given in Ref.~\cite{dorf}.
A {\it grading} in linear space $L$ is a decomposition of it into direct sum
of subspaces, with a special value of some function $p$ (grading function)
assigned t... |
1,116,691,500,567 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since the liberalization of the electricity markets, electricity is traded on the electricity SPOT markets \citep{EPEX2021Documentation,mayer2018electricity}.
The auction-based format of the day-ahead markets requires electricity producers and large scale consumers to specify fixed amounts of ele... |
1,116,691,500,568 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well established that every galaxy is surrounded by a dark halo. This halo consists of dark matter (DM) and its size is much larger than the visible size of the galaxy. The mass of DM halo is the dominant contribution to the total mass of the galaxy.
We assume that DM consists of some st... |
1,116,691,500,569 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
With our societies increasingly relying on technology, we have now the critical need to anticipate major malfunctioning or even catastrophic events in order to protect civilians. Some of the most significant risks have been realized to be events coming from space \citep{Schrijv... |
1,116,691,500,570 | arxiv |
\section{Algorithm Design and Bounds}\label{sec: algo}
Here we describe our algorithms for constructing a data structure for k-nearest neighbors, querying the structure, and batch updating it.
\textbf{Data structure.} The data structure we use for nearest neighbor searching is a kd-tree whose splitting rule ... |
1,116,691,500,571 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec_intro}
Uniaxial extension is the dominant flow in many industrial processes and, therefore, accurate measurements of the extensional rheological properties of polymer melts are very important. From a more fundamental point of view, reliable measurements of the rheological properties in... |
1,116,691,500,572 | arxiv | \section*{INTRODUCTION}
Reactions between chemically active molecules in condensed matter
systems are typically controlled by two factors: the diffusive search
of the species for each other
\cite{Calef83,Weiss86,Shoup82,Lindenberg} and the intrinsic reactivity
$\kappa$ associated with the probability that a reac... |
1,116,691,500,573 | arxiv | \section*{Background}
Somatic human cells are diploids, that is, they contain 22 pairs of homologous chromosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes, one copy inherited from each parent.
In order to fully characterize the genome of an individual, the reconstruction of the two distinct copies of each chromosome, called haplot... |
1,116,691,500,574 | arxiv |
\section{Background and Related Work}
\begin{comment}
\begin{figure*}[t!]
\centering
\begin{subfigure}[b]{0.5\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[height=1.2in]{figures/arch1.pdf}
\caption{Lorem ipsum}
\end{subfigure}%
\begin{subfigure}[b]{0.5\textwidth}
\centeri... |
1,116,691,500,575 | arxiv | \section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{-3.5ex plus -1ex minus
-.2ex}{2.3ex plus .2ex}{\bf }}
\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-3.25ex plus -1ex minus
-.2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}{\it }}
\def\alph{footnote}{\alph{footnote}}
\def\@makefnmark{{$\!^{\@thefnmark}$}}
\pagestyle{empty}
\renewenviro... |
1,116,691,500,576 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The magnetic moments of nuclear ground states provided important empirical evidence for the development of the nuclear shell model \cite{MariaMayer-PhysRev.78.16}. Today magnetic moment measurements on ground and excited nuclear states remain important observables to gain insights... |
1,116,691,500,577 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\smallskip
Filamentary structures are present across many astrophysical scales, from $\,{\rm Mpc}$ to sub-$\,{\rm pc}$. On the largest scales, structure formation occurs in the ``cosmic web", a network of sheets and filaments that connect dark matter haloes \citep{Zeldovich70,B... |
1,116,691,500,578 | arxiv | \section{Using Integrated Galaxy Spectra as Chemical Diagnostics }
Optical emission lines from H{\sc {II}}\ regions have long been the primary
means of gas-phase chemical diagnosis in galaxies (Aller 1942; Searle
1971; reviews by Peimbert 1975; Pagel 1986; Shields 1990; Aller 1990).
With the advent of large telescopes... |
1,116,691,500,579 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Extra dimensions provide an approach to modify gravity without abandoning the form of the action proposed in the Einstein's general relativity. From a phenomenological point of view we can avoid constraints coming from standard model observations, by considering a brane world scenario, that is, ... |
1,116,691,500,580 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A period of exponential expansion of the early universe driven by the potential energy of a scalar field --- the inflaton --- is an elegant explanation for the flatness, isotropy and homogeneity of the universe today~\cite{Sta80,Gut81,Lin82,Alb82,Lin83}. Furthermore, it provides a very plausible ... |
1,116,691,500,581 | arxiv | \subsection{Introduction}
In the physics of elementary particles we observe a wide separation of scales so that at each scale a finite set of operators effectively describes their physical processes, but often the microscopic origin of the scale separation remains unanswered. A well-known example is the electroweak th... |
1,116,691,500,582 | arxiv | \section{\label{s1}Introduction}
The quark model provides a good description of both the ground states and some excited states of baryons. However, several resonances that are predicted by this model have not yet been observed, and hence there is an intense experimental effort underway to find these missing states~\c... |
1,116,691,500,583 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sect:intro}
Reionization of the intergalactic medium (IGM) is a crucial epoch for
the history of the universe, when the neutral gas produced at
recombination is ionized by the Ultra-Violet (UV) radiation emitted by
the first luminous sources. After this stage, the IGM contains a
small am... |
1,116,691,500,584 | arxiv | \section*{\normalsize\bf\thesection.~#1}
}
\begin{document}
\thispagestyle{empty}
\section*{\Large\bf Heavy Tails in Multi-Server Queue\footnote{Supported
by EPSRC grant No.~R58765/01, INTAS Project No.~00-265
and RFBR grant No.~02-01-00358}\\[2mm]
... |
1,116,691,500,585 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $X_{ij},{ }1\le i\le p, 1\le j\le n$, be independent random variables
with $\mathbb{E} X_{ij}=0$ and $\mathbb{E} X_{ij}^2=1$ and
$\bold X_p=\Big(X_{ij}\Big)_{\{1\le i\le p,{ } 1\le j\le n\}}$.
Denote by $\lambda_1\le\ldots\le \lambda_p$ the eigenvalues of
the symmetric matrix
$$
\bold W... |
1,116,691,500,586 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Twistor-string theory provides a dramatic reformulation of
perturbative $N=4$ super-Yang-Mills and conformal super-gravity
scattering amplitudes in terms of integrals over moduli spaces of
algebraic curves in super-twistor space (a supersymmetric version
$\mathbb{CP}^{3|4}$ of complex projective ... |
1,116,691,500,587 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The most numerous extragalactic very high energy (VHE, E$>$100\,GeV) $\gamma$-ray sources
are blazars, which are active galactic nuclei (AGN) with a relativistic
jets pointing close to our line of sight. Within the blazar group the
most numerous VHE $\gamma$-ray emitters are X-ray bright BL Lace... |
1,116,691,500,588 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Image semantic segmentation is the task of pixel-level semantic label allocation for recognizing objects in an image. The development of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has promoted the rapid development of the semantic segmentation task~\cite{chen2017deeplab, zhao2017pyramid, huang2019... |
1,116,691,500,589 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
False vacua are accessible in classical and quantum field theory, given enough time and energy. By a careful preparation of the initial state, an experimentalist could, in principle, create an arbitrarily big region of false vacuum in the laboratory. For instance, given that any finite region of ... |
1,116,691,500,590 | arxiv | \section{Introduction, motivations, outline}
\subsubsection{Projection onto semidefinite positive matrices}
Consider the space $\Sy$ of symmetric $n$-by-$n$ matrices, equipped
with the norm associated to the usual inner product
\[
\prods{X}{Y}=\sum^n_{i,j=1}X_{ij}Y_{ij}=\trace(\trans{X}Y).
\]
The subset $\sdp... |
1,116,691,500,591 | arxiv |
\section{Preliminaries}%
\label{sec:preliminaries}
Let \( X \) be a state space, \( \invstates \subseteq \states \) be the subset
of invalid states, and \( \valstates \coloneqq \states \setminus \invstates \)
be the subset of valid states. Let \( \path*{} \colon [0, l] \to \valstates \)
be a path, i.e., a con... |
1,116,691,500,592 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Imitation learning (IL), which tries to mimic the expert's behaviors, has been successfully applied to many tasks, \emph{e.g.}, self-driving \cite{bojarski2016end,li2017infogail}, navigation \cite{silver2008high}, and robot locomotion \cite{merel2017learning}. According to the information contain... |
1,116,691,500,593 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
General relativity predicts that black holes obey the laws of thermodynamics
with the horizon area and the surface gravity playing the roles of
entropy and temperature, respectively \cite{Bardeen1973,Bekenstein1973}.
We may expect that in a quantum theory of gravitation these thermodynamic
quant... |
1,116,691,500,594 | arxiv |
\section{Motivation}
\section{Introduction}
Hyperparameter Optimization (HPO) is a major challenge for the Machine Learning community. Unfortunately, HPO is not yet feasible for Deep Learning (DL) methods due to the high cost of evaluating multiple configurations. Recently, Gray-box HPO (a.k.a. ... |
1,116,691,500,595 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Nowadays, task oriented dialogue systems allow intuitive interaction through natural language, where natural language understanding~(NLU) is an essential part. Structured Query Language~(SQL) is a standard language for accessing knowledge bases or relational databases. Thus, S... |
1,116,691,500,596 | arxiv | \section{Limitations and Future work}
Although {$f$-DM} enables diffusion with signal transformations, which greatly extends the scope of {DM}s to work in transformed space, there still exist limitations and opportunities for future work. First, it is an empirical question to find the optimal stage schedule for all tra... |
1,116,691,500,597 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Open-domain question answering (OpenQA) aims to answer factoid questions without a pre-specified domain and has numerous real-world applications.
In OpenQA, a large collection of documents (\eg, Wikipedia) are often used to seek information pertaining to the questions.
One of the most common appr... |
1,116,691,500,598 | arxiv | \section{Condensate Recovery}
In the main text of the paper, we have asserted that after the merons pass from the system into the contacts, then the system recovers full interlayer coherence when the system is in the PFM-PPM oscillatory phase. This is difficult to observe in the main text as the interaction strength of... |
1,116,691,500,599 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The physics of neutron stars entered a new era \cite{Watts2016,Ozel2016} with the observation of massive (two-solar-mass) pulsars \cite{Demorest2010, Fonseca2016, Antoniadis2013}, which set stringent constraints on the stiffness of the equation of state (EoS) of cold and dense baryonic matter, f... |
1,116,691,500,600 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:intro}
Since the Green and Schwarz's anomaly cancellation
\cite{GSW}
proved the importance of
the super string theory(SST), detailed studies of it have been done.
One unfortunate feature of SST
is the fact that its typical energy scale is
$ 10^{19}$ GeV which is far beyond our exper... |
1,116,691,500,601 | arxiv | \section{Alternate Pairwise Similarity-Based Ising Model}
Consider a cluster numbered $c$, whose binary representation is $ c_l ... c_0 $, where $l = [\log k_{\pi^*}]$.
For each data point $u \in X$, and for each $i \in [0, l]$, we initially set variables $q_{ui}$ to 0. If $\pi^*$ assigns $u$ to cluster $c$ and $c_i =... |
1,116,691,500,602 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
The upcoming laser facilities, for example the project of Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI), promise to provide peak focal intensities over $10^{23} \mathrm{W/cm^2}$ to $10^{25} \mathrm{W/cm^2}$. These laser intensities have the potential ability to unveil the mysteries of quantum vacuum \cite{... |
1,116,691,500,603 | arxiv | \section{Affiliations}
\institute{LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Universit\'e PSL, CNRS, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit\'{e}, Sorbonne Universit\'e, 5 Place J. Janssen, 92195 Meudon Pricipal Cedex, France \email{sonia.fornasier@obspm.fr}
\and Center for Technical Physics, Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy o... |
1,116,691,500,604 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Priority queues are fundamental data structures with numerous applications across computer science, most prominently in the design of efficient graph algorithms. They support the following operations on $N$ stored \emph{elements} of the type (\emph{key}, \emph{priority}), where ``key'' serves as... |
1,116,691,500,605 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In machine learning (ML), classification algorithms have achieved great success.
Through recent advances in convolutional neural networks, their classification performance already surpassed the human-level performance in image classification~\cite{He:delving}.
However, such algorithms have usual... |
1,116,691,500,606 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1963 E. Lorenz by a drastic truncation of fluid-dynamics equations
governing the atmospheric motion obtained a system of ODE which he proposed as
a crude yet non trivial model of thermal convection of the atmosphere
\cite{L}. As a matter of fact, the Lorenz model is today understood as a basi... |
1,116,691,500,607 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Actions, Intent, Behavior and Outcomes; all four present highly correlated characteristics of a user on an interactive system. Whether it be interaction with a search website, or a puzzle game, these four attributes always create a complex relationship of inter-dependence. Starting with an implic... |
1,116,691,500,608 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and background}
The foundation of the theory of electronic structure of many-body systems is the
nonrelativistic Schr\"odinger equation
for the many-variable wave function. In the knowledge of the Hamilton operator,
by an approximate wave-function method one can determine the ground-state energy... |
1,116,691,500,609 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
We would like to thank the members of the Dialogue Modelling Group of the University of Amsterdam for their useful discussions, and our anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Hor... |
1,116,691,500,610 | arxiv | \section{Helioseismology and Photospheric Abundances}
This talk summarizes some recent work \cite{HS} on a
discrepancy in the Standard Solar Model (SSM) -- a conflict between helioseismology
and the new metal abundances that emerged from improved modeling of
the photosphere -- and on a possible connection to a key ... |
1,116,691,500,611 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Introduction}Introduction}
The simplest examples of fractal sets and measures are self-similar
sets and measures on the line. These are objects that, like the classical
middle-third Cantor set, are made up of finitely many scaled copies
of themselves. When these scaled copies are sufficiently separ... |
1,116,691,500,612 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\quad\quad The initial Hardy-type inequality is the following
type, given by G.Hardy \cite{Ha04}.\\
{\bf Proposition 1}\quad If $p>1, f(x)\geq0,$ and $F(x)=\int_0^x
f(t)dt,$ then
\begin{eqnarray}\label{1.1}
\int_0^{\infty}\bigg(\frac{F}{x}\bigg)^p dx<
\bigg(\frac{p}{p-1}\bigg)^p\int_0^{\inft... |
1,116,691,500,613 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Starting from an interior metric of a known relativistic source, the gravitational field of that source is unique, and is described by a solution of the vacuum Einstein equations, which matches satisfactorily on the boundary that delimits the compact gravitational object. By studying such o... |
1,116,691,500,614 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Some neutron stars (NSs) formed during the core collapse of massive stars are suggested to rotate very rapidly and, possibly for the same reason, to be strongly magnetized (\citealt{duncan1992}; \citealt{moesta2015}). These strongly magnetized, rapidly rotating NSs are often referred as ``millis... |
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