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1,116,691,500,615
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An important problem in signal processing, particularly in the field of compressed sensing and sparse coding, is to find the ``sparsest'' solution of a linear system $\Phi x =b$; being $\Phi \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times n}$, $m<n$. That is: a solution with as many null coordinates as possible. This ...
1,116,691,500,616
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The AdS/CFT correspondence shows that gravity theory in anti-de Sitter space is dual to conformal field theory on its boundary which implies a striking relation between the gauge theory and gravity theory~\cite{Maldacena:1997re}. As it is a weak-strong duality, we are able to investigate various...
1,116,691,500,617
arxiv
\section{Settings and main results.} Let $U: \mathbb R^{d}\rightarrow \mathbb R$ be a smooth function such that $U\geq 1$ and $\int e^{-U(x)}dx$ is finite. $U$ will represent the confinement potential for the Hamiltonian $H(x,y)=U(x)+\frac{1}{2}|y|^2$ defined on $\mathbb R^{2d}$. The associated Boltzmann-Gibbs (probab...
1,116,691,500,618
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cosmological observations provide overwhelming evidence for Dark Energy (DE) \cite{Suzuki:2011hu,Anderson:2012sa,Parkinson:2012vd,Ade:2013zuv}. This of course is a subject to several assumptions such as that Einstein's General Relativity provides an accurate description of gravity on cosmologi...
1,116,691,500,619
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} % \label{sec:introduction} The first instance of Rota-Baxter operator appeared in the context of associative algebras in 1960, in a paper by Baxter \cite{Baxter}, as a tool to study fluctuation theory in probability. Since then, these operators were widely used in many bran...
1,116,691,500,620
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the ideas grown from the attempts to understand the fascinating properties of copper oxides is the conviction that doping of Mott insulators reveals a latent tendency for superconducting pairing already hidden in the parent system. Whether this idea is relevant to the cuprates remain...
1,116,691,500,621
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The rotation-powered pulsars (RPPs) are known as rapidly spinning and strongly magnetized neutron stars that are radiating at the expense of their rotational energy. The X-ray emission of RPPs may contain both thermal and non-thermal components. The thermal emission might be further divided into ...
1,116,691,500,622
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since its discovery~\cite{bib:discoverydzero,bib:discoverycdf}, the determination of the top quark mass \ensuremath{m_t}\xspace, a fundamental parameter of the standard model (SM), has been one of the main goals of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. Indee...
1,116,691,500,623
arxiv
\section{Introduction} 'A meme is an idea, behavior, or style that spreads from person to person within a culture often with the aim of conveying a particular phenomenon, theme, or meaning represented by the meme.' \cite{wiki}, \cite{mw} \\ \\ Memes are ubiquitous in today’s day and age; their language and ideologies ...
1,116,691,500,624
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction Core-collapse supernovae (SNe) are believed to originate from evolved, massive progenitors (initial mass $\gtrsim 8$--10\,M$_{\odot}$) whose iron core undergoes gravitational collapse. Among them, Type II-Plateau (II-P) SNe show prominent hydrogen in their spectrum and a p...
1,116,691,500,625
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{intro}} \begin{figure}[h] \centering{}\includegraphics[width=0.65\textwidth]{figures/find-words-challenge-18__700}\caption{\label{fig: hidden-words}A children's puzzle where the goal is to find six hidden words: Book, words, story, pages, read, novel. For a machine this is far from child's ...
1,116,691,500,626
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The problem of expressing of eigenvalues of the polynomials as a certain functions of the coefficients is one of the oldest mathematical problems. The question on possibility, or impossibility, to express the eigenvalues of the polynomials through coefficients on making use of radicals had bee...
1,116,691,500,627
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of the in-medium properties of hadrons is an important area of research in the physics of strongly interacting matter. The study of the heavy flavor hadrons \cite{Hosaka} has attracted a lot of attention due to its relevance in the ultra-relativistic heavy ion collision experiments. Rec...
1,116,691,500,628
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It has long been known that biometric recognition systems are vulnerable to manipulation through spoofing, also known as presentation attack detection~\cite{isopad}. Some of the earliest work in anti-spoofing was published almost two decades ago~\cite{Ratha2001,SCHUCKERS200256}. Since then, a ...
1,116,691,500,629
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} In this work we show the importance of auditory information in cross-domain first person action recognition. We exploit the complementary nature of audio and visual information by defining a new cross-modal loss function that operates directly on the relative feature norm of the two moda...
1,116,691,500,630
arxiv
\subsection{Periodic Anderson Model with BCS conduction band} In the previous sections, we have studied the first order phase transition in the impurity model (\ref{eq:qd_supercond_hamiltonian}). As the dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) provides a link between impurity models and lattice models, we can ask the questi...
1,116,691,500,631
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure}[t] \centerline{\includegraphics[width=0.35\textwidth]{StraightRiblets.jpg}\ \ \includegraphics[clip,trim=6em 2em 5em 4em,width=0.55\textwidth]{SpanwiseWallMotion.jpg}} \centerline{a) \hspace{0.5\textwidth} b)} \caption{ a) Riblets; b) Spanvise wall motion. \label{fig:Rib...
1,116,691,500,632
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For autonomous control systems, the control objectives need to be achieved robustly against system uncertainties. Central to many control synthesis techniques for uncertain systems is backward reachability analysis. Given an uncertain control system and a set $X_0$ of target states, the backwa...
1,116,691,500,633
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s1} Multi-label classification (MLC) tasks are very popular in data science for now and it has a very wide range of applications such as multi-object detection for images\cite{2017Faster}, multi-topic discovery for texts\cite{2020Federated}, multi-function classification for genes\cite{202...
1,116,691,500,634
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec/introduction} Synchronization of coupled dynamical units is a prevalent phenomenon in nature \cite{Arenas2008,Acebron2005kuramoto} and many mathematical models have been used in its study. Among them, coupled Kuramoto oscillators is one of the most popular models \cite{Kuramoto1987,Ro...
1,116,691,500,635
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} We study the problem of maintaining a set of planar points in external memory subject to insertions and deletions of points in order to support planar orthogonal 3-sided range skyline reporting queries efficiently in the worst case. For two points~$p,q \in \mathbb{R}^d$, we say ...
1,116,691,500,636
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In conventional pictures for the growth of structure, galaxies and clusters are thought to originate from the growth of small density fluctuations due to gravitational instability, in a universe dominated by dark matter. In hierarchical clustering models, like the cold dark matter (CDM) models...
1,116,691,500,637
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The relationship between physical systems and information has been of increasing and compelling interest in the domains of physics \cite{jaynes1957information,wheeler1992recent,ben2008farewell}, neuroscience \cite{sejnowski1988computational, lynn2019physics}, computer science \cite{shannon1941...
1,116,691,500,638
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Choosing appropriate hardware and tuning configuration parameters is a common task when one wants to run software optimally. For a complex and truly parallel interactive proof assistant such as Isabelle, many factors influence run-time performance: The prover needs a Java and a Meta Language (ML...
1,116,691,500,639
arxiv
\section{Abstract} The wavelength range $912-2000$\,\AA\ (hereafter far-UV) provides access to atomic and molecular transitions of many species the interstellar medium (ISM), circumgalactic medium (CGM), and intergalactic medium (IGM), within phases spanning a wide range of ionization, density, temperature, and molec...
1,116,691,500,640
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fix a prime number $p$, and let $K/\Q_p$ be a finite extension with residue field $k$ and absolute Galois group $G_K := \Gal(\overline{K}/K)$. In the paper \cite{cegsB}, inspired by a construction of Kisin~\cite{kis04} in the setting of formal deformations, we constructed and began to study the...
1,116,691,500,641
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Most multiagent systems rely intrinsically on collaboration among agents in order to accomplish a joint task. Collaboration however means that exchange of information among the agents cannot be dispensed with. If the information is sensitive, then questions like respecting the privacy of the in...
1,116,691,500,642
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} $K$-cores play an important role in revealing the higher-order organization of networks. A $k$-core \cite{seidman1983network} is a maximal induced subgraph where all vertices have internal degree of at least $k$. These cohesive subgraphs have been applied to model users' enga...
1,116,691,500,643
arxiv
\section{A Story} Mr Holt, the kindergarten teacher, gives his class these instructions: \begin{quote} Hello class, The Metropolitan Museum of Art has a sudden shortage of sculptures and needs several new ones to fill its shelves. Please break into groups so that each group can build a Lego tower. The director o...
1,116,691,500,644
arxiv
\section{Introduction} While Hardy and Wright are of course right in that ordinary generating functions of arithmetic functions do not share the versatility and usefulness of their well-known Dirichlet counterparts, several non-trivial results -- both old and new -- have been obtained for them. For instance, the analy...
1,116,691,500,645
arxiv
\subsection{Method subsection.} \end{methods}
1,116,691,500,646
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent interest in topologically complex soft materials has lead to the fabrication and characterization of molecules with non-covalent connectivity, including molecular knots and linked-ring networks known as catenanes.\cite{hart2021material} Molecular catenanes can be created synthetically wit...
1,116,691,500,647
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The next-generation Exascale supercomputers will be available to the community sometime in the 2021-2023 timeframe and it will be capable of delivering up to $10^{18}$ floating point operations per seconds to support traditional HPC compute-intensive applications. With the emergence of new HPC da...
1,116,691,500,648
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This is a paper about idealized truthful mechanical knowing agents who know facts in a quantified arithmetic-based language that also includes a connective for their own knowledge ($K(1+1=2)$ is read ``I (the agent) know $1+1=2$''). It is well known (\cite{benacerraf}, \cite{carlson2000}, \cite{...
1,116,691,500,649
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} \subsection{Background and motivation} Let $A$ be an Abelian variety defined over a number field $F$, and let $\Lambda$ be a subgroup of the Mordell-Weil group $A(F)$. For any prime $\mathfrak{p}$ (of $F$) of good reduction, we denote by $\Lambda_\mathfrak{p}$ the image of $\Lamb...
1,116,691,500,650
arxiv
\section{Model introduction} To understand the way the higher organized species emerge during evolution we consider very simple model of evolving food chain consisting of $N$ species. In the model, each species is represented by nucleotide composition of their DNA sequence and the substitution rates between the nucl...
1,116,691,500,651
arxiv
\section*{ACKNOWLEDGMENTS} This work was supported by the National Climb Project ``Nonlinear Science'' of China. We would like to thank Professor S.L. Wan for helpful discussions.
1,116,691,500,652
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $M$ be an integral matrix, and let $\mathop{\mathrm{diag}}(f_1, f_2, \dots, f_{r})$ be its Smith normal form, so that $f_1, f_2, \dots, f_{r}$ are positive integers such that $f_i \mid f_j$ for all $i\leq j$. These integers are called the {\it invariant factors} of $M$. Computing the Smith ...
1,116,691,500,653
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is a well known fact that the classical general relativity cannot be trusted when curvature of the manifold approaches the Planck regime. It means that understanding the nature of any classical singularity that resides in the black hole interior as well as its closest vicinity requires profou...
1,116,691,500,654
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The aim of this paper is to reconsider again the old pre-QCD Nambu-Jona-Lasinio(NJL) ideas, but this time in the light of the new insights gained in the last 10 years. We shall make appropriate use of contemporary methods and ideas on boson and fermion condensates that proved to be so useful in ...
1,116,691,500,655
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum computers promise dramatic speedups in a variety of disciplines~\cite{Jordan2012,AspuruGuzik2005,Abrams1999,Jaksch2003,Lidar1999}, but remain challenging to scale up in practice. A major obstacle to executing elaborate quantum algorithms, is the need for gates that act conditionally on...
1,116,691,500,656
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A number of applications in learning and autonomy take the form of distributed optimization problems in which a network of agents minimizes a global objective function $f$. As these problems grow in size, asynchrony may result from delays in computations and communications between agents. For ma...
1,116,691,500,657
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Introduction} An axiomatic approach to the theory of Sobolev spaces over abstract metric measure spaces has been proposed by V.\ Gol'dshtein and M.\ Troyanov in \cite{GoldTroy01}. Their construction covers many important notions: the weighted Sobolev space on a Rie...
1,116,691,500,658
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Rotation velocity sensing is an important part of inertial navigation, the aim of which is to measure the rotation velocity of non-inertial system. And it is realized by a instrument named gyroscope \cite{key-1gr,key-9gr2}. The earliest gyroscope utilizes the precession of the mechanical ro...
1,116,691,500,659
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $f:{\mathbb R}_+\to{\mathbb R}_+$ be a convex, nondecreasing function that satisfies the linear growth condition \[ mt\le f(t)\le M(1+t) \] with some constants $0<m\le M<\infty$. Let $\Omega$ be an open set on a metric measure space $(X,d,\mu)$. Throughout the work we assume that the measure ...
1,116,691,500,660
arxiv
\section*{\Large{\underline{Algorithms for the Ising Model}}} \keywords{Ising model, exact sampling, random cluster model} \begin{abstract} The Ising model is often referred to as the most studied model of statistical physics. It describes the behavior of ferromagnetic material at different temperatures. It is an...
1,116,691,500,661
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Most biologically relevant molecules cannot be superimposed on their mirror image, i.e. they are chiral.\cite{Gellman2010} This ubiquitous feature has important consequences for biological activity of chiral molecules. Since interactions between these molecules are chirally specific, different e...
1,116,691,500,662
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} \emph{Graph neural networks} (GNNs) \cite{gori2005new,scarselli2008graph, micheli2009neural} have seen sharply growing popularity over the last few years \cite{duvenaud2015convolutional,hamilton2017inductive,xu2018powerful}. GNNs provide a general framework to model complex stru...
1,116,691,500,663
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the last few decades, enormous efforts have been dedicated to answer a fundamental question; to determine whether a mechanical system is integrable and how can one find integrals of the motion, if they exist? In fact, there is no systematic method for doing that, even for integrals of ...
1,116,691,500,664
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The majority of ordinary matter, a.k.a. baryonic matter, is trapped inside the potential wells of the large-scale structure of the Universe. The main constituent of this invisible scaffolding is dark matter, and its fully collapsed overdensities, known as haloes, contain most of the mass in the U...
1,116,691,500,665
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Flux compactifications of string theory on non-K{\"a}hler manifolds \cite{Rohm:1985jv}-\cite{ Serone:2003sv} have attracted much interest for some recent years. In heterotic string theory, it has been known for a long time that the moduli are partially stabilized by the NS-NS three form flux $...
1,116,691,500,666
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \par Modern deep learning methods are descendent from such long-studied fields as statistical learning, optimization, and signal processing, all of which were built on mathematically rigorous foundations. In statistical learning, principled kernel methods have vastly improved the performance of ...
1,116,691,500,667
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, the scenario of entanglement entropy have call attention in special the works of \cite{Takayanagi:2012kg,Bhattacharya:2019zkb,Bhattacharya:2017gzt,Bhattacharya:2012mi,Calabrese:2004eu,Holzhey:1994we,Ryu:2006ef,Ryu:2006bv,Susskind:1994sm,Chaturvedi:2016kbk,Tonni:2010pv,Mansoori:...
1,116,691,500,668
arxiv
\section*{References}} \makeatletter \def\ps@pprintTitle{% \let\@oddhead\@empty \let\@evenhead\@empty \def\@oddfoot{\centerline{\thepage}}% \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot} \makeatother \newcommand{\mathbb{C}}{\mathbb{C}} \newcommand{\mathbb{F}}{\mathbb{F}} \newcommand{\mathbb{H}}{\mathbb{H}} \newcommand{\mathbb{K}}{\mat...
1,116,691,500,669
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A Bose--Einstein condensate (BEC) is an exotic state of matter, which takes place in bosonic systems below a critical temperature, when a macroscopic fraction of particles occupy the same fundamental quantum state \cite{pitaevskii2016bose}. Almost three decades ago, Bose--Einstein condensati...
1,116,691,500,670
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} In many physical situations one is led to a family of finite dimensional Hamiltonians defined over some parameter space (base) $B$ and would like to consider and classify the level crossings that appear when one changes the parameters. We came upon this general context when studying the $C^*...
1,116,691,500,671
arxiv
\subsection{Model spaces} One can find most of the material below in textbooks such as \cite{Chav}, or in the survey article \cite{Kar}. We begin with some basic formulas regarding our model space $(M_\kappa, g_\kappa)$, the complete, simply connected space with constant sectional curvature $-\kappa^2$. First o...
1,116,691,500,672
arxiv
\subsection*{Maximally symmetric Riemannian metrics} Given the implications of geometry on the topology of a Riemannian manifold, it is natural to ask whether a given manifold admits a distinguished metric and to address the geometry of any such metric. As a first attempt at seeking a distinguished metric, let's say...
1,116,691,500,673
arxiv
\section{Introduction} If the fundamental group of a compact topological 4-manifold $X$ satisfies the Null Disc Lemma ($NDL$) of M.~H.~Freedman \cite{FQ}, then all topological $s$-cobordisms on $X$ are products $X \times I$, and $X$ possesses an exact surgery sequence \cite{FreedmanTeichner, KQ}. In this paper, we ex...
1,116,691,500,674
arxiv
\section{Model} Our analysis is based on the Majorana Single Charge Transistor (MSCT), \cite{zazunov2011,hutzen2012} which results from the usual Majorana setup of a quantum wire with strong spin-orbit interaction in a magnetic field, but where the coupled superconductor is mesoscopic and floating, with a charging ene...
1,116,691,500,675
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \todo{In Stich et al. they cite the Giens paper for performance comparisons w.r.t. newuoa and bfgs - we might want to discuss indeed the local search performance - at least mention that the algorithms are seldomly presented as robust local search algorithms, however indeed good local cv property...
1,116,691,500,676
arxiv
\section{Appendix} \subsection{Useful facts} \textbf{Fact 1} \textit{(Hybrid Mechanism, Corollary 4.8 in \cite{chan2011private}) The hybrid mechanism is $\epsilon$- differential private and has an error bounded with probability at least $1-\delta$ by $\frac{1}{\epsilon}\cdot (\log~t)^{1.5}\cdot \log \frac{1}{\delta}$...
1,116,691,500,677
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The ever growing quantity of content posted online requires more and more moderators to monitor this content. A fast and accurate moderation is highly beneficial to online platforms, but it is increasingly expensive and difficult to maintain. Therefore, the automated detection of abusive online c...
1,116,691,500,678
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Overlapping speech detection (OSD) is a key component for speaker diarization and speech separation. Speaker diarization seeks to match a time frame of speech to the corresponding speaker identity. The agglomerative hierarchical clustering on speaker embeddings has been one of the main approache...
1,116,691,500,679
arxiv
\section{\MakeUppercase{Introduction}} \label{sec:intro} In order to gain understanding about the human brain, various technologies have recently been introduced, such as electroencephalography (EEG), tomography, magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). They provide scientists wit...
1,116,691,500,680
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Superconvergence of finite element solutions to partial differential equations has been studied intensively for many decades \cite{Douglas1973Superconvergence, Levine1985Superconvergent, Wahlbin1995Superconvergence, Lin2004Natural}. It is shown to be an important tool to develop high-performance ...
1,116,691,500,681
arxiv
\section{Asymptotics} \label{sect:A} The following result allows one to control the asymptotic behaviour of the bi-brackets not only as $q\to1^-$ but also as $q$ approaches radially a root of unity. This produces an explicit version of the asymptotics used in~\cite{Pup05} for proving some linear and algebraic res...
1,116,691,500,682
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Gravitational Microlensing has been demonstrated to be a powerful observational tool to study populations of stellar or planetary mass objects which emit little detectable radiation. To date the major emphasis of gravitational microlensing survey teams has been the determination of the composit...
1,116,691,500,683
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, the rapid developments of the joint vision-language study have been supported by a flurry of benchmark datasets~\cite{liu2019clevr,antol2015vqa,goyal2017making,johnson2017clevr,hu2017modeling,kazemzadeh2014referitgame,REFCOCOG,hudson2019gqa,perez2018film} and methods~\cite{and...
1,116,691,500,684
arxiv
\section{Introduction} % Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) \cite{anderson_resonating_1973,savary_quantum_2017} are realized in certain spin systems where the interplay of frustration and quantum fluctuations suppresses long range order. These exotic phases of matter cannot be understood in terms of spontaneous symme...
1,116,691,500,685
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep learning i.e., the use of deep neural networks for regression and classification, has been very successful in many different contexts in science and engineering \cite{DLnat}. These include image analysis, natural language understanding, game intelligence and protein folding. As deep neural n...
1,116,691,500,686
arxiv
\chapter*{Acknowledgements} To do justice to the people who have, in one way or another, made this work what it is, feels like it would take more than the rest of the thesis. I can only say to everyone who has contributed that I apologise for the entirely inadequate acknowledgements to follow. I realise that th...
1,116,691,500,687
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The importance of the role played by integrable systems is hard to overestimate, given both their manifold applications and their profound connections to a number of areas in pure mathematics, see e.g.\ \cite{b98,d,rs}. In particular, finite-dimensional integrable Hamiltonian dynamical systems a...
1,116,691,500,688
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{ Regular rank rings} In this paper all rings are considered unital. Regular rings were introduced by John von Neumann, these are the rings where any principal right ideal is generated by an idempotent (see \cite{goodearl}). A $*$-regular ring $\cR$ is a ring with involution and $a^...
1,116,691,500,689
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been proved to be vulnerable to adversarial perturbations \cite{bfgs, fgsm, pgd, deepfool, cw, onepixel, hang2020ensemble, huang2022cyclical}. In a classification task, for a sample correctly predicted by a DNN, it can be easily predicted as a wrong class after a...
1,116,691,500,690
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The CMB temperature and polarization anisotropies are being measured with ever increasing precision. The statistics of the anisotropies already provide valuable limits on cosmological parameters, as well as constraints on early-universe physics. As we enter the era of precision measurement, wit...
1,116,691,500,691
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Memory requirements for games on graphs are studied for decades. Initially, these studies were motivated by applications to automata theory and decidability of logical theories. For example, memoryless determinacy of parity games is a key ingredient for complementation of the tree auto...
1,116,691,500,692
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Introduction} Continuous Variable (CV) Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) has been intensively studied and significant breakthroughs have been achieved in both theory and experiment (see \cite{hosseinidehaj2018satellite} for review). Compared to Discrete Variable (DV) QKD \cite{bennett1984up...
1,116,691,500,693
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{T}{here} are several main paradigms (which may overlap) among numerous deep learning studies, including new network architecture, new training loss, new training data perturbation scheme, and new learning strategy (e.g., weighting). Training data perturbation mainly refers to featur...
1,116,691,500,694
arxiv
\section{Prompt photon production} \subsection{Introduction}\label{subsec:intro1} Isolated high transverse energy photons in the final state are a powerful tool for detailed studies of the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) in hard interaction processes and of the hadronic structure of the incoming particles. The photon...
1,116,691,500,695
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Pedestrian detection, as the first and most fundamental step in many real-world tasks, \eg, human behavior analysis, gait recognition, intelligent video surveillance and automatic driving, has attracted massive attention in the last decade~\cite{dollar2009pedestrian,Ge...
1,116,691,500,696
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of first order algebraic ordinary differential equations (AODEs in short) has a long history, which can be at least tracked back to the time of Fuchs and Poincar\'e. Fuchs presented a sufficient and necessary condition so called Fuchs' criterion for a first order AODE having no movable...
1,116,691,500,697
arxiv
\section{Type derivation for \refToExample{Five}}\label{app:derivation} {In \refToFigure{TypingFive} we give the type derivation that shows that the expression ${\tt e}$ of Example~\ref{ex:Five} is well-typed, where $\Gamma_1=\TypeDec{{\tt c1}}{{\tt C}},\TypeDec{{\tt outer}}{{\tt C}}$, $\Gamma_2=\TypeDec{{\tt c2}}{{\tt...
1,116,691,500,698
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s:intro} Nuclear rings in barred-spiral galaxies often exhibit strong activities of star formation (e.g, \citealt{but96,ken97,kna06,maz08,san10,maz11,hsi11,van11, oni15}). They are mostly circular, with ellipticity of $e\sim0-0.4$. They are thought to form due to nonlinear interactions of ...
1,116,691,500,699
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There are three major motivations for investigating pure neutron systems with external fields (``neutron drops'') using {\it ab initio} approaches. First, neutron drops provide a very simple model of neutron-rich nuclei in which the core is approximated as an external well acting on valence neu...
1,116,691,500,700
arxiv
\section*{Appendix: Plots for {\boldmath $Z$} and {\boldmath $W$} Events} \input{zcomp.tex} \input{wcomp.tex} \section{Backgrounds} \label{sec:background} There are three significant backgrounds in the $\ensuremath{W \rightarrow e \nu}$ sample, whose shapes need to be added to the fast MC templates before comparing ...
1,116,691,500,701
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} High-speed, autonomous navigation is predicated on the ability to reason about the environment for effective, collision-free path planning. Existing approaches operate on current sensor readings to update an occupancy map corresponding to an internal representation of where obstacles exist in th...
1,116,691,500,702
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} It is well-known that in 1D systems the interaction between electrons cannot be considered as a small perturbation and the system is described as the Luttinger liquid (LL) that is an alternative to the Fermi liquid for 1D electronic systems (for a review see Ref.~\cite{Giamarchi,Voit}), and the ...
1,116,691,500,703
arxiv
\section{DeHumor} We describe the {{\textit{humor exploration}}} view of {{\textit{DeHumor}}} in a bottom-up manner (Fig.~\ref{fig:teaser}C). First, we illustrate the extraction and encoding of computational humor features in the \textbf{sentences and contexts}. Then, the visual summary of the \textbf{whole speech}, as...
1,116,691,500,704
arxiv
\section{Introduction} To prove by probabilistic methods that every $(n-1)$-dimensional section of the unit cube in $\R^n$ has volume at most $\sqrt 2$, Ball \cite{Ball:1986} made essential use of the inequality \begin{equation}\label{ball's ineq} \frac{1}{\pi}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \left(\frac{\sin^2 t}{t^2}\rig...
1,116,691,500,705
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The slowing down and Coulomb capture of the negative particle $M^{-}$ ($M^{-}=\mu^{-},\pi^{-}, etc.$) in hydrogen media lead to the formation of the $M^{-}$-molecular complex the decay of which results in the exotic atom formation in highly excited states with the principal quantum number $n \s...
1,116,691,500,706
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Magnetars are a subclass of neutron stars (NSs) that have long spin periods (2--12 s) and large inferred dipole magnetic fields ($\approx 10^{14-15} $ G). They are also characterized by unsteady spin down and variable X-ray emission. Unlike ``normal'' rotation powered radio pulsars, magnetars'...
1,116,691,500,707
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} This research was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant number: 18K11335). \section{Conclusion}\label{s:concl} Exploiting our previous work~\cite{takahashi2018jascome} on the development of the isogeometric boundary element method (IGBEM) for the 3D Helmholtz equation and the sensitivity anal...
1,116,691,500,708
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The formation and early evolution of massive stars is difficult to study and, as a result, still not fully understood. This is partly because sites of massive star formation are typically situated at greater distances than nearby sites of low mass star formation. In addition, massive stars form ...
1,116,691,500,709
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cygnus X-1 (Cyg X-1) is probably the most widely monitored microquasar (MQ) in the Galaxy. The binary system, located at $1.86~\rm{kpc}$ from Earth (Reid et al. 2011), is composed of a high-mass star (spectral type O9.7 Iab and mass \mbox{$\sim 20~M_{\odot}$}) and a black hole of \mbox{$14.8...
1,116,691,500,710
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There are several good reasons for considering a geometrization of quantum mechanics, as it has been beautifully illustrated in a paper by Ashtekar and Shilling \cite{Ashtekar:1997ud}; consider also the partial list of papers \cite{Heslot:1985, Rowe:1980, Cantoni:1975, Cantoni:1977a, Cantoni:1977...
1,116,691,500,711
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Symmetric probes} Probes were introduced by McDuff~\cite{McD11} to prove that some toric fibres are displaceable. Probes are rational segments in the base of a toric base polytope which hit the boundary integrally transversely in one point. The latter condition implies that one can p...
1,116,691,500,712
arxiv
\section{Basic Equations} The Hookean dumbbell model represents a macromolecule by a mechanical model that consists of two identical beads connected by a spring. The solvent in which the beads are suspended is assumed to be Newtonian, and attention is restricted to flows which have a homogeneous velocity field, {\...
1,116,691,500,713
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s1} Let $0<k\in\mathbb{Z}$, let $n=2k+1$ and let $O_k$ be the $k${\it -odd graph} \cite[p.~206]{GR} considered as the graph whose vertices are the $k$-subsets of the cyclic group $\mathbb{Z}_n=\{0,1,\ldots, 2k\}$ with an edge $uv$ for each two vertices $u,v$ of $O_k$ if and only if $u\cap ...
1,116,691,500,714
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We are currently witnessing the explosive growth of technologies that focus on processing the large amounts of data available in the biomedical sciences. Closely, in parallel, machine learning has been gaining traction in an effort toward analyzing and making sense of said biomedical data. Howev...