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1,116,691,500,715
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{ch:introduccion} In February, 2018, the USA government estimated that cybercrime costs raised up to between 57 and 109 billions of dollars in 2016~\cite{CEA2020}. Cybercrime has been growing for the last decades as it becomes more profitable. The most common goal for cybercriminals is mo...
1,116,691,500,716
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Many engineering problems in medicine can be cast as inverse problems in which a vector of latent biophysical characteristics $\gv{\omega}$ (e.g., biomarkers) are estimated from a vector of $M$ noisy measurements or signals $\v{y}\in \mathbb{R}^M$, each measurement bein...
1,116,691,500,717
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we will study the geometry of $G$-manifolds with finitely many non-principal orbits. Here, both the group $G$ and the manifold are smooth, compact and connected, and the action of $G$ on the manifold is smooth and effective. The orbits of such a $G$-action are either principal, ex...
1,116,691,500,718
arxiv
\section{Introduction}{\label{sec_intro}} The problem of the unitary implementation of the quantum dynamics of free fields under the evolution defined by sufficiently general, physically acceptable, spacetime slicings has received a lot of attention in the past. In \cite{Helfer} Helfer showed that, in general, the q...
1,116,691,500,719
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} We study certain \emph{separation probabilities} for products of permutations. The archetypal question can be stated as follows: \emph{in the symmetric group $\mathfrak{S}_n$, what is the probability that the elements $1,2,\ldots,k$ are in distinct cycles of the product of two $...
1,116,691,500,720
arxiv
\section{Weakly associative algebras} Let $\K$ be a field of characteristic $0$ and $(A,\ast)$ a $\K$-nonassociative algebra. Recall that an algebra $(A,\ast)$ is a nonassociative algebra if it is a $\K$-vector space with a bilinear binary multiplication $X \ast Y$ which may or not be associative. The associator ...
1,116,691,500,721
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the surge of computational resources, face recognition using deep representation has been widely applied to many fields such as surveillance, marketing and biometrics\cite{arcface,sphereface}. However, it is still a challenging task to implement face recognition on limited computational cos...
1,116,691,500,722
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Radon-type transforms that assign to a given function its integrals over various sets of ellipses/ellipsoids arise in migration imaging under an assumption that the medium is acoustic and homogeneous. The aim of migration is to construct an image of the inside of the earth from seismic reflecti...
1,116,691,500,723
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The precise morphology of a gravitational waveform encodes a wealth of information about the binary that produced it. Merging stellar-mass binaries are typically characterized by fifteen parameters: two mass parameters, six spin parameters, and seven extrinsic parameters, which describe the locat...
1,116,691,500,724
arxiv
\section{introduction} The properties of conventional bulk superconductors are well described by the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) mean field theory.~\cite{BCS} The BCS theory is valid in the limit when the pairing gap $\Delta$ is much larger than the single-particle mean-level spacing $\delta$. However, in small ...
1,116,691,500,725
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cryptosystems based on curves of genus $2$ offer per-bit security and efficiency comparable with elliptic curve cryptosystems. However, many of the computational problems related to creating secure instances of genus~$2$ cryptosystems are considerably more difficult than their elliptic curve ana...
1,116,691,500,726
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The holographic model of superconductors, which is constructed by a gravitational theory of a Maxwell field coupled to a charged complex scalar field via anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence \cite{Witten,Maldacena-1,Maldacena-2}, has been investigated extensively in rec...
1,116,691,500,727
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} In a series of recent papers \cite{attal12open,attal2012open,sinayskiy2013open,sweke2013dissipative,sinayskiy2012properties,pawela2014generalized} various aspects of open quantum walks have been discussed. This is a novel and very promising approach to the quantum walks. ...
1,116,691,500,728
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The AdS/CFT duality \cite{dual} has been widely used to discuss the meson spectra and dense and hot quark matter. The string description of realistic QCD has not been successfully formulated yet. Many efforts are invested in searching for such a realistic description by using the "top-down" appr...
1,116,691,500,729
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Gauss map $G$ of a submanifold $M$ into $G(n,m)$ in $\wedge ^{n}\mathbb{ }_{s}^{m},$ where $G(n,m)$ is the Grassmannian manifold consisting of all oriented $n-$planes through the origin of $\mathbb{E}_{s}^{m}$ and $\wedge ^{n}\mathbb{E}_{s}^{m}$ is the vector space obtained by the exteri...
1,116,691,500,730
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this work, we provide a generally applicable method for solving inverse problems, and for obtaining statistical bounds on the error of the prediction. The bounds are proven to hold in probability via methods of conformal prediction \cite{romano2019conformalized}, without making a-priori assump...
1,116,691,500,731
arxiv
\section*{Appendix} The density of states $g(E)$ is calculated as \begin{align} \label{TotalElectrons} g(E) = \frac{1}{V} \sum_n \int_{V} \delta(E - \epsilon_{n,\bf{k}}) d\bf{k} \end{align} where $\epsilon_{n,\bf{k}}$ is the energy of band $n$ at k-point $\bf{k}$, and $V$ is the volume of the reciprocal primitive cell...
1,116,691,500,732
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The {\it Herschel Space Observatory} (Pilbratt et al.\ 2010) has provided us with high sensitivity and angular resolution maps of nearby galaxies in the far-infrared, which has allowed us to spatially resolve their cold dust emission. Dust plays a key role in the chemistry of the interstellar...
1,116,691,500,733
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \aj{This paper continues the theme of the book ``Extending the Theory of Composites to Other Areas of Science'' \cite{Milton:2016:ETC}, (reviewed in \cite{Sharma:2017:BRE,Grabovsky:2018:BRE}) using tools in the theory of composites \cite{Cherkaev:2000:VMS,Torquato:2002:RHM,Milton:2002:TOC,Allaire...
1,116,691,500,734
arxiv
\section*{RabbitMQ current design - Not part of the paper structure} \begin{figure} \centering \resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{ \input{Diagrams/rbmq-seq-diag_ENTERINITMODE} } \caption{Sequence Diagram for the function: $EnterInitializationMode$} \label{fig:my_label} \end{figure} \begin{figure} \c...
1,116,691,500,735
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Homogenization problems appear in various contexts of science and engineering and involve the interaction of two or more oscillatory scales. In this work we focus on the simplest possible mathematical paradigms of periodic homogenization. Our objective is to develop an analytical ...
1,116,691,500,736
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A classical way of obtaining submodules of the Bergman space $\ber$ is from a zero variety in $\bn$. The corresponding quotient module is then just the closure of linear span of those reproducing kernels in this variety. The Geometric Arveson-Douglas Conjecture asks whether the quotient module i...
1,116,691,500,737
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In some application domains, for example legal reasoning, knowing that something holds (or it is presumed to hold) is not enough to draw further conclusions from it. One has to determine to what degree one can assert that it holds. In other words statements in rules (here we use the term `rule...
1,116,691,500,738
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Testing the Kerr hypothesis is a central goal of current strong gravity research~\cite{Berti:2015itd,Barack:2018yly}. This is the hypothesis that astrophysical black holes (BHs), when near equilibrium, are well described by the Kerr metric \cite{Kerr:1963ud}. This working assumption is intimat...
1,116,691,500,739
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Pulsars are fast-rotating neutron stars. Most of them spin down steadily, converting their rotational energy into electromagnetic radiation and particle outflows. This class of pulsars is thus known as rotation-powered pulsars (RPPs). They typically have spin periods of $\sim$0.1--10\,s and perio...
1,116,691,500,740
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Feature selection has been one of the most significant issues in machine learning and data mining. Following the success of Lasso~\citep{Tibshirani94}, learning algorithms with sparse regularization~(a.k.a. sparse learning) have recently received significant attention. A classical problem is to e...
1,116,691,500,741
arxiv
\section{Introduction}% \subsection{} Let $\g$ be a complex semisimple Lie algebra and $\Uhg$ its quantised enveloping algebra. The starting point of the present paper is the construction of $\Uhg$ from the {\it dynamical} Knizhnik--Zamolodchikov (DKZ) equations obtained by the first author \cite{TL}. Let $(\cdot,\...
1,116,691,500,742
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In \cite{Wit82}, Witten's study of instantons in the context of supersymmetry of systems with deformed Hamiltonians gave rise to the notion of a deformed cohomology ring. This ``quantum cohomology ring'' has since then been formulated precisely in terms of Gromov-Witten invariants of symplectic...
1,116,691,500,743
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The HESS air Cerenkov telescope located in Namibia has recently made a ground-breaking detection \citep{Aharonian2006} of a diffuse flux (over a solid angle of approximately 4$^\circ \, \times 2^\circ $) of $\gamma$-rays in the 0.2-20 TeV (1 TeV = $10^{12}$ eV) range emanating from the region ...
1,116,691,500,744
arxiv
\section{#1}} \def\rlap 1\mkern4mu{\rm l}{\rlap 1\mkern4mu{\rm l}} \def\coeff#1#2{\relax{\textstyle {#1 \over #2}}\displaystyle} \def\displaystyle{\displaystyle} \def\overline{N}{\overline{N}} \def\overline{P}{\overline{P}} \def\overline{Q}{\overline{Q}} \def\mathbb{C}{\mathbb{C}} \def\mathbb{P}{\mathbb{P}} \def\mathb...
1,116,691,500,745
arxiv
\section{Parameter Settings} \label{sec:setting} \mbox{{\textsc{Ex-Ray}}}\@{} has three hyper-parameters, $\alpha$ to control the weight changes of cross-entropy loss in function (\ref{e:cnmloss}) (in Section~\ref{s:sfd}), $\beta$ to control the similarity comparison between masks in condition (\ref{e:fprule1}) in Sect...
1,116,691,500,746
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Magnetophotonic crystals (MPC's) are periodic structures that contain magnetic materials and have a period comparable to the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation \cite{inoue_jap,sakaguchi,lyubchanskii_rev,zvezdin,inoue_rev,chernovtsev}. The simplest example of such a periodic structure is a m...
1,116,691,500,747
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Game theory is a well-established branch of applied mathematics first developed by von Neumann and Morgenstern \cite{Neumann1944}. It offers a mathematical model of a situation in which decision-makers interact and helps us to understand what happens in such situations. Although game theory was...
1,116,691,500,748
arxiv
\section{Free boson field representation} \label{sec:freeBosonEM} Our Result~\ref{thm:n+1phys} associated to~$p$-form electromagnetism in~$n+1$ dimensions a real Hilbert space~$\mathbf{P}$ consisting of pairs~$X=[A]\oplus E$, where~$[A]$ is an equivalence class of~$p$-forms modulo~$D_{p-1}$-exact~$p$-forms and~$E$ is...
1,116,691,500,749
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep learning has facilitated technological advances in a variety of domains, e.g.\ computer vision, natural language processing, and robotics. However, the notable success in achieving high test performances should not obscure the fact that we are still lacking a sufficient understanding of the...
1,116,691,500,750
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Based on simple energetic considerations regarding the energy density of cosmic rays and the energy release per supernova explosion, SNRs have long been thought to be sources of galactic cosmic rays. This presumption is supported by numerous detections of non-thermal emission in the radio and X-...
1,116,691,500,751
arxiv
\section*{Appendix}
1,116,691,500,752
arxiv
\section{Introduction} More than 90 binary black holes (BBHs) have been detected in the data of the ground-based gravitational-wave detectors LIGO~\citep{TheLIGOScientific:2014jea} and Virgo~\citep{TheVirgo:2014hva} by the LIGO-Virgo-Kagra (LVK) collaboration and other groups~\citep{LIGOScientific:2021djp, Nitz:2021zw...
1,116,691,500,753
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Log Calabi--Yau pairs} One topic of much contemporary interest is the geometry of log Calabi--Yau pairs.\footnote{See Definition~\ref{def!lCY} for the precise notion of what we consider to be a log Calabi--Yau pair, which is a somewhat more restrictive definition than that considere...
1,116,691,500,754
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The gluon being a colored object, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) allows the existence of exotic resonances, such as glueballs or hybrid mesons. Glueballs are composed of gluons only, while hybrid mesons contain a quark-antiquark pair as well. In particular, the study of heavy hybrid mesons is an a...
1,116,691,500,755
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Related Work} Licensed shared access (LSA)~\cite{ECC2014} has been adopted in Europe as a promising paradigm to dynamically share licensed spectrum between different networks and technologies. LSA proposes a two-tier approach where the initial target use case considered mobile network opera...
1,116,691,500,756
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $G$ be a graph with vertex set $V = V(G)$. Throughout this paper, we only consider graphs without multiple edges and loops. Two vertices are \emph{neighbors} if they are adjacent. A \emph{dominating set} of a graph $G$ is a set $S$ of vertices of $G$ such that every vertex in $G$ is domina...
1,116,691,500,757
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Inverse problems are encountered in a wide range of scientific and engineering applications, especially in the context of medical imaging. The aim is to recover an unknown model parameter $\boldsymbol{x}^*\in\mathbb{X}$ containing critical information about the structural details of an underlying...
1,116,691,500,758
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \par Atomic nuclei are composed of protons and neutrons that interact with one another through the nuclear and electromagnetic forces. The former, which is much stronger than the latter, dominates the properties of atomic nuclei. Nevertheless, in specific studies, it is crucial ...
1,116,691,500,759
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{comment} outline cooperation in real time without verbal comm - social forces \cite{Helbing_1995}; - modeling with temporal network \cite{rnn}; with obstacles \cite{ss-lstm} ;with interatciont \cite{social_lstm} - capture multimoalidty in interactions \cite{unfreezing} ; modeling motion in...
1,116,691,500,760
arxiv
\section{The key buried signatures from the central accretion disk} The primary radiative output of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is observed at the ultraviolet/optical wavelengths. This is attributed to be from an accretion disk around a supermassive black hole. While this putative accretion disk has been modeled ex...
1,116,691,500,761
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Particle-based numerical methods are routinely used in plasma physics calculations \cite{Birdsall1985,Hockney1988}. In many cases these methods are more efficient and simpler to implement than the corresponding continuum Eulerian methods. However, particle methods face the well known stat...
1,116,691,500,762
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The dwarf spheroidal (dSph) satellite companions of the Milky Way (MW) contain a wealth of information regarding the formation and ongoing evolution of the Local Group. The $\sim 15$ known MW dSphs are the nearest, smallest, and faintest known galaxies ($0.5 \leq$ R/kpc $\leq 1$; $10^4 \leq$ L/...
1,116,691,500,763
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{SecIntroduction}} Standard surface muon beams have a relatively poor phase space quality. An improvement of the muon beam quality would open the way for new experiments in low energy particle physics, atomic physics and material research. Examples of such experiments include muonium 1S-2S ...
1,116,691,500,764
arxiv
\section*{Executive Summary} \end{center} Five contemporary technologies with potential application to particle tracking in future high energy physics experiments are discussed. \bigskip Silicon sensors of the 3D technology have electrodes oriented perpendicular to their wafer surfaces. These show promise for compen...
1,116,691,500,765
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sect:intro} We investigate a generalized Weber problem in a dynamic and stochastic environment. The model combines a classical planar location problem with optimizing the size of the fleet of trucks in a logistic and services network and describes interacting production and distribution fa...
1,116,691,500,766
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The divisibility properties of the class numbers of number fields are very important for understanding the structure of the ideal class groups of number fields. For a given integer $n>1$, the Cohen-Lenstra heuristic \cite{CL84} predicts that a positive proportion of imaginary quadratic number fie...
1,116,691,500,767
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The idea behind phase averaging is to find a time integration method where we can robustly take large timesteps for highly oscillatory PDEs such as the rotating shallow water equations in the low Rossby number regime. In phase averaging the nonlinearity is averaged over all phases of the fast wa...
1,116,691,500,768
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Disformal scalar fields were introduced by Bekenstein~\cite{Bekenstein:1992pj}. By assuming the weak equivalence principle and causality, he showed that a scalar field $\pi$ can modify the geometry by defining the following metric $g_{\mu\nu}$: \begin{equation} g_{\mu\nu}=A(\pi,X)\tilde{g}_{\mu\n...
1,116,691,500,769
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the past 15 years of the new century, TRACE, RHESSI, CORONAS-F, and other spacecrafts have provided a wealth of data on nonstationary processes in the Sun. The characteristics of X-ray sources and the relationship with the microwave and optical emission of solar flares have been studie...
1,116,691,500,770
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:Introduction} Introduction} Optimization is integral to many scientific and industrial applications of applied mathematics including verification and validation, operations research, data analytics, and logistics, among others \cite{pardalos1987constrained, tsai2014optimization}. In many cases, exac...
1,116,691,500,771
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{txt:introduction} Low-metallicity galaxies have been found to exhibit high nebular \ion{He}{II} and \ion{Ne}{V} emission \citep[e.g.,][]{Garnett91,Izotov12}. The origin of this emission remains unknown, with multiple explanations in the recent literature: radiative shocks \citep[e.g.,][]{...
1,116,691,500,772
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Nowadays we are witnessing a proliferation of industrial and research works in the field of autonomous small-size unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)~\cite{dunkley14iros,40gSTM32OpticFlow,palossi2017ultra,briod2013optic,7080923,palossi2017target,kang2019generalization,7487496}. This...
1,116,691,500,773
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \label{se.intro} This note was originally motivated by \cite[Theorem 1.1]{ess2} (or rather its earlier version, \cite[Theorem 1.2]{ess}): \begin{theoremN} For any field $k$, the inverse limit in the category of graded commutative rings of the diagram \begin{equation}\label{eq:invlim} \...
1,116,691,500,774
arxiv
\section{Introduction} From a world where each application has its dedicated hardware support (high performance chips for desktop computers, low power chips for mobile phones, hardened chips for smartcards, \textit{etc.}), more and more applications are today executed on a same device: the smartphone. They are powered...
1,116,691,500,775
arxiv
\section{Introduction.} More than twenty years' experience of the lattice gauge community has taught us that it is always a good thing to have a bare action which respects symmetries, because then no fine tunings are required to preserve the symmetries at distances much greater than the cutoff scale. For this reason,...
1,116,691,500,776
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{secintroduction} Low rank perturbations of matrix pencils have been widely studied, and the problem has recently deserved the attention of several authors, as we will see in the next references. Given a matrix pencil $A(s)$ and a nonnegative integer $r$, the problem consists in chara...
1,116,691,500,777
arxiv
\section{\label{S:Intro}Introduction} In early 1990's, carbon nanotechnology revolution introduced a plethora of new advanced materials among which the carbon nanotube was notoriously attractive for making nanoscale field effects devices, including vacuum devices. Many labs studied effects associated with field emissio...
1,116,691,500,778
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Voice-controlled virtual assistants (VVA) such as Siri and Alexa have experienced an exponential growth in terms of number of users and provided capabilities. They are used by millions for a variety of tasks including shopping, playing music, and even telling jokes. Arguably, their...
1,116,691,500,779
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The classification of Einstein metrics and Ricci solitons is a central problem in geometry. Gradient shrinking and steady Ricci solitons play a crucial role in the study of Ricci flow since they arise as blow-up limits of singularities. Recently, motivated by research in mathematical physics and ...
1,116,691,500,780
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The result of a classic frequentist hypothesis test is a dichotomous test decision. However, scientific research questions are very versatile and there is not always the demand to guide a decision. By the their nature, frequentist hypothesis tests prohibit a statistical hypothesis-based analysis...
1,116,691,500,781
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:Introduction}Introduction} High intensity particle accelerators are vital in many applications, from spallation neutron sources to the transmutation of nuclear waste. However, in high intensity machines the Coulomb interactions between particles, known as space charge forces, cannot be neglected. T...
1,116,691,500,782
arxiv
\section{Preliminaries} In a drawing of a graph in the plane, vertices are represented by points, edges are represented by curves connecting the points, which correspond to adjacent vertices. The points (curves) are also called vertices (edges). We assume that an edge does not go through any vertex, and th...
1,116,691,500,783
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Observations of standard candles and of standard rulers allow us to learn how the universe has evolved in recent times. Both sets of observations favour a universe containing a large component of dark energy but the cosmologies preferred by the two sets of data are not consistent; in fact at hi...
1,116,691,500,784
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Tversky and Shafir (1992)~\cite{tversky1992choice} discovered a phenomenon called the {\it disjunction effect}, while following the process of testing a rational axiom of decision theory. It is also called as the sure thing principle (Savage, 1954)~\cite{savage1954foundations}. First consider the...
1,116,691,500,785
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Hybrid quantum classical variational algorithms, including those of the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) type \cite{ peruzzo2014variational, mcclean2016theory}, are among the leading candidates for quantum algorithms that may yield quantum advantage in areas such as computational ...
1,116,691,500,786
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Weak gravitational lensing refers to small but coherent shape distortions (cosmic shear) of background galaxies caused by gravity. It provides a direct way of probing the cosmic structures on large scales \citep{bs01,refregier03,hj08,kilbinger15}. A number of ongoing galaxy surveys...
1,116,691,500,787
arxiv
\section{Deviation from the dipole-ice model in the new spinel spin-ice candidate, MgEr$_2$Se$_4$,\\ Supplemental Materials} \subsection{Monte Carlo simulation} We performed Monte Carlo simulations on a 2048-site cluster with periodic boundary conditions in all directions. Our Hamiltonian (Eq.~\ref{eq:hamiltonian}) ...
1,116,691,500,788
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $(M,L)$ be a polarized \kahler manifold of dimension $m$. We endow $L$ with a Hermitian metric $h$ with positive curvature. And we use $\omega=\frac{i}{2}\Theta_h$ as the \kahler form. By abuse of notation, we still use $h$ to denote the induced metric on the $k$-th power $L^k$. Then we ...
1,116,691,500,789
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The term super-shell was observationally defined by \cite{heiles1979} as holes in the H\,I-column density distribution of our Galaxy. The dimensions of these objects span from 100~\mbox{pc} to 1700~\mbox{pc} and present elliptical shapes. These structures are commonly explained thr...
1,116,691,500,790
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In light of current collider data \cite{Aad:2012tfa, Chatrchyan:2012ufa}, the Standard Model (SM) of elementary particle interactions remains as an accurate description of nature \cite{Azatov:2012bz, Giardino:2013bma, Alanne:2013dra}. Nevertheless, observational evidence for the dark matter abun...
1,116,691,500,791
arxiv
\section{#1} \setcounter{equation}{0}} \newcommand{\1}{\mathbbm{1}} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage[latin2]{inputenc} \newtheorem{proposition}{Proposition} \newtheorem{lemma}{Lemma} \newtheorem{remark}{Remark} \newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem} \newtheorem{conjecture}{Conjectur...
1,116,691,500,792
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the context of single--winner elections, a \emph{spoiler} is usually defined as a losing candidate whose removal would affect the outcome by changing the winner \citep{Borgers10,Kaminski18} (although other definitions have also been put forward -- see, e.g., \citep{HollidayPacuit21}). We are...
1,116,691,500,793
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace{-0.1cm} At the end of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) intermediate mass stars go through an intense mass-loss phase when 50-90\% of their mass is expelled and expands in a nebula surrounding the core of the star. After the loss of the envelope, the AGB star contracts and heats up, ion...
1,116,691,500,794
arxiv
\section{Introduction, heuristics, and main result} \subsection{The context} We consider a class of birth-and-death processes $(X^{{\scriptscriptstyle K}}_t)_{t\geq 0}$ with state space $\mathds{Z}_{{\scriptscriptstyle \geq 0}}$\footnote{We denote by $\mathds{Z}_{{\scriptscriptstyle \geq 0}}$ the set of non-negative ...
1,116,691,500,795
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The AdS/CFT correspondence \cite{Maldacena:1997re,Witten:1998qj} relates a theory of gravity in AdS space to a conformal field theory on the boundary. One consequence of the correspondence is that bulk quantum fields can be expressed as CFT operators. In the large N limit the bulk fields are free...
1,116,691,500,796
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Spectral observations in radio astronomy are aimed to detect emission or absorption line features that bring us rich information such as intensity, velocity, line width, etc. To acquire a spectrum, signals received by a radio telescope are processed in a spectrometer. The performance of a spec...
1,116,691,500,797
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Axions are hypothetical particles introduced to solve the Strong $CP$ problem in QCD \cite{PQ1,PQ2,Weinberg,Wilczek,DFS,Zhitnitsky,Kim,Shifman}. Axions are self-adjoint bosons, with no conserved discrete quantum numbers to guarantee particle number conservation. The axion potential can be writte...
1,116,691,500,798
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper is a cleaned up and improved version of author's preprint \cite{LS}. It features more straightforward version of the main theorem and various improvements and clarifications. \begin{subsection}{Main question} Let use denote by $D \subset \mathbb{C}$ the unit holomorphic disk and cons...
1,116,691,500,799
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Learning from heavy tailed or corrupted data is a long pursued challenge in statistics receiving considerable attention in literature~\cite{huber1964robust, hampel1971, huber2004robust, HeavyTails, diakonikolas2019robust, audibert2011robust} and gaining an additional degree of complexity in the ...
1,116,691,500,800
arxiv
\section{Introduction\footnote{A nonvisually accessible version of this paper is available at \url{https://github.com/elisakreiss/contextual-description-evaluation}}} In the pursuit of ever more powerful image description systems, we need evaluation metrics that provide a clear window into model capabilities. At prese...
1,116,691,500,801
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} With recent advances in machine learning and their efficient implementations, we are beginning to see an increasingly widespread use of deep neural networks (DNNs) on small or lightweight platforms such as mobile devices, edge computing systems, and embedded platforms~\cite{Che...
1,116,691,500,802
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Characterizing the general structure of star-forming regions is an issue which is subject of and worth of intensive study. The molecular clouds (MCs) associated with them are the original sites of star formation \citep[for reviews, see][]{MacLow_Klessen_04, McKee_Ostriker_07, Klessen_Glover_14}. ...
1,116,691,500,803
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} \label{sec:conclusion} We have presented a framework to combine model learning and controller tuning with application to high-performance autonomous racing. In particular, we proposed to encode the environmental condition via a residual dynamics model such that knowledge between different c...
1,116,691,500,804
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Humans have the ability to process symbolic knowledge and maintain symbolic thought~\cite{coevoflangandbrain}. When reasoning, humans do not require combinatorial enumeration of examples but instead utilise invariant patterns where specific entities are replaced with placeholders. Symbolic cogni...
1,116,691,500,805
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There are many settings in random matrix theory for which the eigenvalues (assumed real) can be scaled in relation to the matrix size in such a way that the limiting support is compact. This is referred to as a global scaling. As some concrete examples, let $X$ be an $N \times N$ standard complex...
1,116,691,500,806
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Various astrophysical problems require to estimate stellar mass from the photometry: for instance, to reconstruct the assembly history of galaxies through cosmic times \citep[e.g.][2004]{Bell_apjss_149} \nocite{Bell2004}; to define the stellar/baryonic mass Tully--Fisher relation, which is mo...
1,116,691,500,807
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{section:introduction} In recent years, 3D vehicle localization is becoming an essential component in CVIS and ITS. Vehicle behaviors \cite{2019behaviour, 2020behaviour} and traffic flow statistics \cite{2020vehiclecount} can be analyzed and used for traffic state estimation \cite{2020Veh...
1,116,691,500,808
arxiv
\section{Introduction} By using and generalizing the extended lattice operations due to Gowda, Sznajder and Tao \cite{GowdaSznajderTao2004}, in \cite{NemethNemeth2012a} and \cite{NemethNemeth2012b} it has been shown that the projection onto a closed convex set is isotone with respect to the order defined by a...
1,116,691,500,809
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let ${\mathbb X}$ be a Riemannian symmetric space of non-compact type. Then ${\mathbb X}$ is isomorphic to $G/K$, where $G$ is a connected real semisimple Lie group, and $K$ a maximal compact subgroup. Consider further the Oshima compactification \cite{oshima78} $\widetilde {\mathbb X}$ of ${\m...
1,116,691,500,810
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Consider some arbitrary classical (i.e., non-quantum) experimental procedure, wherein experiments are performed and measurements are taken to quantify some characteristic of some component. Suppose this component is to be included as sub-component of a larger system and an engineer is charged ...
1,116,691,500,811
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s:introduction} \subsection{Background and main results} \label{ss:1.1} Let $n\geq 2$ be a positive integer and $\Delta$ be the unit disc in $\mathbb C$. Let $p: (\mathcal{X}, \mathcal L)\rightarrow \Delta$ be a flat polarized degenerating family of $n$-dimensional Calabi-Yau varieties. ...
1,116,691,500,812
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} In this paper we consider two types of self-similarity for tree graphs related to Horton-Strahler \cite{Horton45, Strahler} and Tokunaga \cite{Tok78} indexing schemes for the tree branches. These schemes and self-similarity definitions were introduced in hydrology in the mid-20th ...
1,116,691,500,813
arxiv
\subsection{Semi-supervised Learning} Semi-supervised learning (SSL) aims to improve generalization on supervised tasks using unlabled data. In the semi-supervised learning framework, a given set of $N = L+U$ ($U >> L$ usually) data can be divided into two parts: historical data $X_{l} = (x_{1},..,x_{l})$ for which...
1,116,691,500,814
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} Verifying that neural networks behave as intended may soon become a limiting factor in their applicability to real-world, safety-critical systems such as those used to control autonomous vehicles and aircraft. Recent work revealing neural networks' vulnerability to adversarial inputs~\cite{szeged...