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1,116,691,501,115
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we first construct nonholonomic systems of $n$ homogeneous balls $\mathbf B_1,\dots,\mathbf B_n$ with centers $O_1,...,O_n$ and with the same radius $r$ that are rolling without slipping around a fixed sphere $\mathbf S_0$ with center $O$ and radius $R$. We assume that a dynamical...
1,116,691,501,116
arxiv
\section{introduction} Generically, many-body quantum systems have two robust distinct fates after a quantum quench: thermalization and localization (see Ref.~\onlinecite{Nandkishore2015} and the references therein). In the former case, the system effectively serves as a heat bath for small enough subsystems, resulti...
1,116,691,501,117
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In numerical weather prediction (NWP) a data assimilation procedure is used to combine observations of the atmosphere with a model description of the system in order to obtain initial conditions for forecasts. The contribution of each component is weighted by its respective error statistics. In ...
1,116,691,501,118
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} For the decades, dark matter searches have been taken place by many experiments although nature is yet to be cleared. A direct dark matter search, which detect nuclear recoil by the dark matter, is one of the useful methods to explore its nature. Especially, assuming that a dar...
1,116,691,501,119
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The discovery of over twenty quasars at redshift $z \gtapprox 5.7$ (e.g. \citealt{Fan00,Fan01a,Fan03,Fan04,Fan06a,Goto06}), with masses estimated to be $ \gtapprox 10^9 \ensuremath{M_\odot}$ \citep{Barth03, Vestergaard04, Jiang06a, Kurk07}, challenges our current understanding of the early u...
1,116,691,501,120
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The cosmic Dark Ages ended with the formation of the first stars in $10^5 - 10^6\, {\rm M_\odot}$ cosmological haloes at $z \sim 20 - 30$. Primordial (or Pop III) stars are the key to understanding primeval galaxies, the onset of early cosmological reionization and chemical enrichment, and the o...
1,116,691,501,121
arxiv
\subsection{Introduction} Each of the usual cohomology theories $X\rightsquigarrow H^{j}(X,r)$ on algebraic varieties arises from a functor $R\Gamma$ taking values in a triangulated category $\mathsf{D}$ equipped with a $t$-structure and a Tate twist $N\rightsquigarrow N(r)$. The heart of $\mathsf{D}$ has a ten...
1,116,691,501,122
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The topic of the in-medium properties of strange hadrons is a subject of intense research in the context of the heavy ion collision experiments as well as in the study of the bulk matter in nuclear astrophysical objects, e.g., (proto) neutron stars \cite{Tolos_Prog_Part_Nucl_Phys_112_103770_20...
1,116,691,501,123
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \vspace{-1mm} Consider a conventional neural network trained to predict whether a random person would classify a drawing as either a `rabbit' or a `duck'. As illustrated in Figure \ref{fig:nn_example}, given a single drawing, the network generates a marginal prediction that ass...
1,116,691,501,124
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} In MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) systems, channel capacity grows linearly with the number of spatial degrees of freedom (DoF), which is relative to both the scattering environment and antenna array geometries. Recently, the concept of \textit{holographic MIMO} has drawn increasing attenti...
1,116,691,501,125
arxiv
\section{...} Violation of the combined Charge-conjugation and Parity symmetries ($CP$) in the standard model (SM) is produced by a non-vanishing phase in the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa flavor-mixing matrix~\cite{CKM}, where the violation may be observed as a non-zero $CP$ asymmetry defined as \begin{equation} A^{D\r...
1,116,691,501,126
arxiv
\section{Mean Field analysis}\label{A} If the field $\Phi_\perp =0$, the GP functional (\ref{HH},\ref{grad}) becomes (at $\vec{\eta}=0$): \begin{widetext} \begin{eqnarray} H=\int dxdy\left[i(\Phi^*\dot{\Phi}-c.c.) - \frac{1}{2m}|\vec{\nabla} \Phi|^2 + \left(\frac{ (\vec{\nabla}\theta)^2}{2m} -\mu - n_0d^2_0\right) |...
1,116,691,501,127
arxiv
\section{Introduction A quasitoric manifold $M$ over a simple polytope $P$, which was introduced by Davis and Januszkiewicz \cite{DJ91}, is a $2n$-dimensional smooth manifold with a locally standard $T^n=(S^1)^n$-action for which the orbit space is identified with $P$. Quasitoric manifolds are defined as a topological...
1,116,691,501,128
arxiv
\chapter*{Abstract} This dissertation concerns the classification of groupoid and higher-rank graph $C^*$-algebras and has two main components. Firstly, for a groupoid it is shown that the notions of strength of convergence in the orbit space and measure-theoretic accumulation along the orbits are equivalent ways of r...
1,116,691,501,129
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1}INTRODUCTION} Based on the principle of quantum mechanism, quantum key distribution (QKD) can share unconditional security keys between two communication parties under insecure channels \cite{r1,r2}. According to the modulation methods adopted in quantum state exchanges, QKD protocols are us...
1,116,691,501,130
arxiv
\section{Analysis of the hyperbolicity in the closed curves } In this section we prove that an open and dense subset of the vector fields having a robustly chain transitive chain recurrence class $C$ has a dominated splitting over $B(C)$. A dominated splitting over $\widetilde{\La(C)}$, from\cite{BdL}, and since for a...
1,116,691,501,131
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Magnetic fields play an important role in determining the evolution of the matter in many astrophysical objects. In highly conducting plasma, the magnetic field can be amplified by gas contraction or shear motion. Even when the magnetic field is weak initially, the magnetic field can grow rapidl...
1,116,691,501,132
arxiv
\section{\bf Introduction:} Two-dimensional string theory can be viewed as one dimensional-matter (time) coupled to two-dimensional gravity [\DNW,\POLONE,\BL]. Since the latter has a nonperturbative formulation in terms of a one-dimensional matrix model [\BKZ] (nonrelativistic fermions) we have an opportunity to study...
1,116,691,501,133
arxiv
\section*{Appendix} \subsection{More Details about Data Collection} The dance videos are collected from YouTube by crowd workers, which are all solo dance videos with 30FPS. We trim the beginning and ending several seconds for each of collected videos to remove the silence parts, and split them into one-minute video ...
1,116,691,501,134
arxiv
\section{Symmetries and band structure for different $t_2/t$} The tight binding part of our Hamiltonian has the following form \begin{equation} \label{Seq:tb} H_{0} = -t\sum_{\langle ij \rangle l \sigma}\left(c^{\dagger}_{il\sigma}c_{jl\sigma}+h.c. \right)-t_2\sum_{\langle ij \rangle' l\sigma} \left( i^{2l-1}c^{\dagge...
1,116,691,501,135
arxiv
\section{Five Zones of Debris Dust} Great advances are being made in the observations of debris disks using all available platforms, revealing enduring patterns in the behavior of debris disk structure and its evolution that point toward general aspects of planetary system information and development that are no...
1,116,691,501,136
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum computation is one based on the principle of quantum mechanics. Compared with classical computation, it provides the advantage on calculation speed {[}1{]}. For example, quantum computer can simulate the property of quantum mechanics, and it is very difficult for classical computer...
1,116,691,501,137
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The recent discovery of superconductivity in iron-pnictides \cite{kamihara} has generated an intense research activity, in part because they provide an unexpected and very interesting scenario to study the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity.\cite{reviews} The interest for these co...
1,116,691,501,138
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The train and test distributions are often not identically distributed. Such train-test mismatches occur because evaluation datasets rarely characterize the entire distribution~\cite{Torralba2011UnbiasedLA}, and the test distribution typically drifts over time~\cite{QuioneroCandela2009DatasetSI...
1,116,691,501,139
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Non-linear stochastic flows are at the heart of thermally driven processes in systems whose potential energy surfaces are characterized by multiple local energy minima. Pioneered by the seminal work of Kramers \cite{kramers_brownian_1940} the concept of thermally activated barrier-crossing has ev...
1,116,691,501,140
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{G}{eant4} \cite{g4nim,g4tns} is an object oriented toolkit for the simulation of particle interactions with matter. It provides advanced functionality for all the domains typical of detector simulation: geometry and material modelling, description of particle properties, physics pro...
1,116,691,501,141
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One-counter automata (OCAs) are a fundamental model of infinite-state systems. Their expressive power resides between finite automata and pushdown automata. Unlike finite automata, however, OCAs are not robust: They lack closure under complementation and have an undecidable universality, equival...
1,116,691,501,142
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace{0.3cm} With the consideration that the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the underlying theory of the strong interaction, the hadronic systems are assumed to be composed of quarks and gluons, and most of descriptions of baryons are associated with some effective degrees of freedom of no...
1,116,691,501,143
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Prosodic phrasing is the division of fluent speech into \emph{prosodic} (or \emph{intonation}~\cite{beckman1997guidelines}) \emph{phrases} -- groups of words in a spoken sentence, typically featuring an intonation peak and often separated by pauses. Prosodic phrasing not only plays an important...
1,116,691,501,144
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We study simultaneous tilings of $\mathbb{R}^n$ by two actions which, on their face, do not have any relationship. The first action is via translation by a full rank lattice $\Gamma \subset \mathbb{R}^n$. There always exists a set $V \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ of finite measure such that $\{V + \gamm...
1,116,691,501,145
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\Label{int} The remarkable result of Forstreni\v{c} \cite{Fo} on the classification problem of proper holomorphic mappings between unit balls states that if $f$ is proper, holomorphic map from a ball in $\mathbb C^n$ to a ball in $\mathbb C^N$ and smooth of class $C^{N-n+1}$ on the closure then $...
1,116,691,501,146
arxiv
\section{Acknowledgements} MT would like to acknowledge suport from the Open Partnership Joint Projects of JSPS Bilateral Joint Research Projects and the ImPACT Program of Council for Science, Technology and Innovation, Japan. KPS, and JPD would like to acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Rese...
1,116,691,501,147
arxiv
\section{Parallelization as Information Exchange} \label{sec:communication-graph} We observe that our parallelization approach implicitly defines a certain type of informational dependencies. In both \eqref{def:greedy-algorithm} and \eqref{def:parallel-greedy}, each agent uses the choices of prior agents to make its o...
1,116,691,501,148
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction:\protect\\ } \section{Introduction} In the near-wall region of turbulent shear flows, there exists a universal logarithmic velocity profile \citep{karman1930mechanische,millikan1938critical}, characterized by a constant slope between mean velocity and the logarithm of the distan...
1,116,691,501,149
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Most stars in the galactic disk are formed in dense molecular gas within giant molecular clouds (GMCs) as members of clusters (Lada \& Lada 2003). Thus, clusters must play a critical role in the origins of some of the most fundamental properties of the galactic stellar population. In additio...
1,116,691,501,150
arxiv
\section{Analytic treatment of the periodically modulated double well} \label{ap:analytic} In the following we provide an analytic description of the periodically modulated double well system. First, the static Hamiltonian and its properties are discussed. Afterwards, the driven system is treated with a high frequency...
1,116,691,501,151
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The thermodynamic limit, i.\,e.\ taking averages over larger and larger volumes, performs the transition from microscopic to macroscopic models. In the context of this paper, thermodynamic limits are used to define the integrated density of states (IDS) of discrete Schr\"odinge...
1,116,691,501,152
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantifying biochemical processes at the cellular level is becoming increasingly central to modern molecular biology \cite{Elowitz2002, Pedraza2005}. Much of this attention can be attributed to the development of new methodologies for measuring biochemical events. In particular, the use of g...
1,116,691,501,153
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:pre} Many notions of topology and combinatorics of the reals have been reformulated and investigated in terms of ideals on the natural numbers (always assuming that an ideal contains all the finite sets of natural numbers). For instance, the usual notion of convergence on a topological...
1,116,691,501,154
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A basic task in Fractal Geometry is to determine or estimate the various dimensions of fractal sets. Fractal dimensions are introduced to measure the sizes of fractal sets and are used in many different disciplines. Many results on fractal dimensions and measures are obtained, among which the st...
1,116,691,501,155
arxiv
\subsection{Shapes3D} \begin{table*}[h] { \begin{center} \small \begin{tabular}{ccccc} Layer & Units & Kernel size & Activation & Stride \\ \hline \\ Conv2D & 32 & 3x3 & ReLU & 1 \\ Conv2D & 32 & 3x3 & ReLU & 1 \\ Conv2D & 64 & 3x3 & ReLU & 2 \\ Conv2D & 64 & 3x3 & ReLU & 1 \\ Conv2D & 128 & 3x3 & ReLU & 1 \\...
1,116,691,501,156
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{} The present paper is a companion to \cite{arXiv:1703.05599} and is similarly inspired by the classification results of \cite{MR3600042}; however it can be read independently. We recall the setting. We have a non-archimedean locally compact field $F$ of residue characteristic $p...
1,116,691,501,157
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Molecular dynamics simulation is a powerful method allowing to simulate at the particle scale different materials such as colloidal systems \citep{boattini_unsupervised_2019}, glassy materials \citep{barbot_rejuvenation_2020,barbot_characterization_2020} or metallic...
1,116,691,501,158
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s-intro} {In this talk two different but related subjects are considered:}\\ {\it I. A mechanism of massive PBH formation, which is much different from the caninocal ones.} {According to this mechanism the fundament of PBH creation is build at inflation by making large isocurvature fluctu...
1,116,691,501,159
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The reaction $K^-p\rightarrow \Sigma^0\pi^0$ is of particular interest in the study of baryon resonances and $\bar{K}N$ interaction since there are no isospin-1 baryons contributing here and it gives us a rather clean channel to study the $\Lambda$ resonances, such as $\Lambda(1405)S_{01}$, $\...
1,116,691,501,160
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Finsler geometry is a natural generalization of the Riemannian one. Roughly speaking, it is based on the notion of an interval without the quadratic restriction, i.e. on the interval that locally does not look like the one given by the Pythagoras theorem. In fact, this possibility was already di...
1,116,691,501,161
arxiv
\part*{Commentaire mathématique} \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{Commentaire mathématique} \label{comm_debut} \paragraph{Théorème d'Apollonius, lemme de `Ur\d{d}{\=\i} et couple de \d{T}\=us{\=\i}} On démontre ici trois propositions concernant les rotations affines du plan. Elles nous seront utiles pour comparer entre e...
1,116,691,501,162
arxiv
\section{#1} \setcounter{equation}{0}} \newtheorem{theo}{Theorem}[section] \begin{document} \newtheorem{lem}[theo]{Lemma} \newtheorem{prop}[theo]{Proposition} \newtheorem{coro}[theo]{Corollary} \title{Controlled Geometry via Smoothing \footnote{ 1991 {\em Mathematics Subject Classification}. Primary 53C20.}} \auth...
1,116,691,501,163
arxiv
\section{Introduction and summary} One of the many surprises during the second superstring revolution was the realization that the construction of $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ instantons on $\mathbb{R}^4$ by Aityah-Drinfeld-Hitchin-Manin \cite{Atiyah:1978ri} and on asymptotically locally Euclidean (ALE) spaces by Kronheimer-Na...
1,116,691,501,164
arxiv
\section{Introduction} What is the probability that an extensive observable in a physical system has a value far from its average? Such questions are the subject of large-deviation theory~\cite{Touchette}, which provides a mathematical foundation for classical thermodynamics~\cite{Ruelle}, and has more recently been...
1,116,691,501,165
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} Be/X-ray transients harbour high-magnetic field (B$\sim$10$^{12-13}$ G) neutron stars (NSs) that move around Be-type stars in eccentric orbits. Typically, these binaries can exhibit two types of transient activity: more common, short-lived (i.e., small fraction of the orbi...
1,116,691,501,166
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The persistent global consistency of the Standard Model (SM) predictions against the data collected so far at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is radically changing our perspective on the origin of possible new physics beyond the SM, and on its characteristic energy scale. This is also suppo...
1,116,691,501,167
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Casimir and related effects, where quantum effects depend upon the existence of boundary conditions for a quantum field, have been extensively studied~\cite{rev}. Many different points of view and approaches to this kind of problem have been followed, under quite different sets o...
1,116,691,501,168
arxiv
\section{\@startsection{section}{1}% \usepackage{amssymb,amsthm, amsmath, amsfonts, url, graphicx,verbatim,scrextend} \usepackage{amscd} \usepackage{enumitem} \hyphenation{res-pec-tiv} \oddsidemargin20mm \evensidemargin4mm \headsep25mm \theoremstyle{plain} \newtheorem*{thm*}{Theorem} \theoremstyle{plain} \newtheorem{...
1,116,691,501,169
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we are interested to the zygodactyly phenomenon in birds, and in particolar in parrots. This arrangement, common in species living on trees, is a distribution of the foot with two toes facing forward and two back. We give a model for the foot, and thanks to the methods of...
1,116,691,501,170
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the principal objectives in modern cosmology is a good description of the physics that govern the formation of structure from the galactic through to the supercluster scale. Recent theoretical and observational work in this area has concentrated on understanding the relationship between t...
1,116,691,501,171
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Multiphase flows of two immiscible fluids are encountered in many industrial applications ranging from small scale droplet interactions \cite{Khatavkar}, phase separation and microstructural evolution in materials \cite{Fried}, bubbly and slug flows in oil and natural gas pipelines to free-surf...
1,116,691,501,172
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Among assessment methods, the job interview remains the most common way to evaluate candidates. The interview can be done via phone, live video, face to face, or more recently asynchronous video interview. For the latter, candidates connect to a platform, and record themselves while answering a...
1,116,691,501,173
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sect:1} \hspace*{0.5cm} Hadron decays of the tau lepton provide a prime scenario to study the hadronization of QCD currents in an energy region settled by many resonances. This task has a twofold significance. First, the study of branching fractions and spectra of those decays is a major ...
1,116,691,501,174
arxiv
\section{Proof of the First Zonklar Equation} \section*{Acknowledgment} This material is based on research sponsored by DARPA and Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under agreement number FA8750-16-2-0173. Hardware support was generously provided by the NVIDIA Corporation. We also thank the financial support of FAPE...
1,116,691,501,175
arxiv
\chapter[IMB, Kamiokande and Super-K]{Neutrino Astronomy with IMB, Kamiokande and Super Kamiokande\footnotemark}\footnotetext{To be published in Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, edited by F. W. Stecker, in the Encyclopedia of Cosmology II, edited by G. G. Fazio, World Scientific Publishing Company, Singapore, 2022.} ...
1,116,691,501,176
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \medskip Given a group or semi-group $\Gamma$ generated (in the sense of semi-groups) by some subset $S\subset \Gamma$, the {\it Cayley graph} of $\Gamma$ with respect to $S$ is the oriented graph having vertices $\gamma\in \Gamma$ and oriented edges $(\gamma,\gamma s)_{s\in S}$. In this pape...
1,116,691,501,177
arxiv
\section{Introduction} When Onsager solved in \cite{44Onsager} the square-lattice Ising model, the basic structure of his derivation is an algebraic structure which is now called the Onsager algebra. He showed that the representation of the original Hamiltonian can be reduced into direct products of two-dimensi...
1,116,691,501,178
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of x-ray and neutron powder diffraction is growing in popularity with the advent of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The technique is more than 70 years old~\cite{debye;pz30,warre;b;xd90,egami;b;utbp03} and was originally applied almost exclus...
1,116,691,501,179
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a technology that allows establishing provably secure keys between legitimate parties~\cite{BB84,Gisin2002,Scarani2009,Lo2014,Lo2016}. The QKD security is based on the fundamental laws of quantum physics, so QKD remains secure against any unforeseen developments...
1,116,691,501,180
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Long-duration ($t\gtrsim 2~\mathrm{s}$) Gamma Ray Bursts, simply indicated as GRBs throughout this paper, are widely considered powerful tracers of the star formation history of the Universe \citep{bloom2002,chary2007,savaglio09,robertson12}. In fact, their progenitors are estab...
1,116,691,501,181
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec.1} To explain the observed cosmological matter-antimatter asymmetry, the baryon number $B$ violation is one of three basic ingredients for an initially symmetrical Universe \cite{Sakharov:1967dj}. The baryon number is necessarily violated in the Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) \cite{Ge...
1,116,691,501,182
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Consider the initial value problem \begin{equation} \label{sys} y''(t) = f(t,y(t)),\quad y(0) = y_0,\quad y'(0) = y'_0,\quad t\in [t_0,\, t_0+T] \end{equation} where $f:[t_0,t_0+T]\times \mbox{\rm I\hspace{-.15em}R}\to \mbox{\rm I\hspace{-.15em}R}$ and $f(t,y)$ is continuous with respect to $t$...
1,116,691,501,183
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} One of the popular scenarios of baryogenesis is the spontaneous baryogenesis (SBG) proposed in papers~\cite{spont-BG-1,spont-BG-2,spont-BG-3}, for reviews see e.g. Refs.~\cite{BG-rev,AD-30}. It is assumed that in the unbroken phase the theory is invariant with respect to the glob...
1,116,691,501,184
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Multi-label learning deals with the problem where each sample is represented by a feature vector and is associated with multiple concepts or semantic labels. For example, in image annotation, an image may be annotated with different scenes; or in text categorization, a document may ...
1,116,691,501,185
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Topological defects arise in a wide variety of systems ranging from table-top experiments in condensed matter systems\cite{Chuang:1991zz, Hendry:1994,Ruutu:1996,Bauerle:1996,Dodd:1998aan,Carmi:2000zz,Digal:1998ak} to theories of the early Universe, extremely dense stars e...
1,116,691,501,186
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Microgels are colloid-size particles made by crosslinked polymer networks generally organized into a dense core and a softer, loose corona~\cite{vlassopoulos2014tunable}. They can be synthesized in a range of diameters going from approximately 50 nm to a few microns~\cite{pelton2004unresolved} an...
1,116,691,501,187
arxiv
\section{\bf Introduction } Resonant scattering amplitudes near inelastic thresholds cannot be accurately described by the Breit-Wigner formula. About 30 years ago S. M. Flatt\'e proposed the following parameterization of the $S$-wave $\pi\eta$ and the $\rm K \overline{K}$ production amplitudes which are dominated...
1,116,691,501,188
arxiv
\section{Introduction, Definitions and Notations} \bigskip Recently, $q$-analysis has served as a structure between mathematics and physics. Therefore, there is a significant increase of activity in the area of the $q$-analysis due to applications of the $q -analysis in mathematics, statistics and physics. $p$-...
1,116,691,501,189
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Top quarks are produced in pairs via the strong interaction either from the fusion of two incoming gluons or from the annihilation of an incoming quark and anti-quark at leading order (LO). The interference effects between the Born diagram and the box diagram at next-to-leading order (NLO), as w...
1,116,691,501,190
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{introduction} The unprecedented adoption of mobile handhelds has created a host of new services that require accurate localization, even in GPS-denied environments. How to accurately localize without satellite positioning has been an active research topic. Various cooperative localization m...
1,116,691,501,191
arxiv
\section{\@ifstar{\starsection}{\nostarsection}} \newcommand\nostarsection[1] {\sectionprelude\origsection{#1}\sectionpostlude} \newcommand\starsection[1] {\sectionprelude\origsection*{#1}\sectionpostlude} \newcommand\sectionprelude{% \vspace{1em} } \newcommand\sectionpostlude{} \makeatother \newcommand{\mathbb{Q}}{...
1,116,691,501,192
arxiv
\section{Introduction \& Context}\label{sec1} Set covering is a well-known problem in combinatorial optimization. The objective is to cover a set of elements, called the universe, using a minimum number of available covers. The theoretical problem is known to be generally NP-difficult to solve \cite{Vazirani2001}, and...
1,116,691,501,193
arxiv
1,116,691,501,194
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The complexity of the orbital problems that aerospace engineers commonly confront makes that analytical solutions to them remain generally unknown. Because of that, simplified models that may capture the bulk of the dynamics of concern for a particular mission are customarily used in the prelimi...
1,116,691,501,195
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} There is considerable progress in calculations of various cross sections for deep inelastic lepton scattering in the Lipatov limit ($\nu\to\infty$ and $Q^2$ fixed at a large value \cite{FKL75}). In particular a picture has been proposed \cite{NZ91,M94} which reproduces the b...
1,116,691,501,196
arxiv
\section{DFT Embedding} Density Functional Theory (DFT) is one of the most powerful tools for the \emph{ab initio} calculation of the physical and chemical properties of materials, being both efficient and accurate. Many implementations of DFT exist, which differ in the approach taken to approximating the unknown densi...
1,116,691,501,197
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The investigation of super-Poissonian and sub-Poissonian light sources plays a significant role in the history of quantum optics~\cite{hbt1956interferometer,short1983observation}. The photon-number distributions of these sources display variances that are, respectively, wider or...
1,116,691,501,198
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The data-driven modeling of complex systems is currently undergoing a revolution. There is unprecedented availability of high-fidelity measurements from historical records, numerical simulations, and experimental data, and recent developments in machine learning and compressed sensing make it pos...
1,116,691,501,199
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Globular clusters (GCs) are ubiquitous and apparently obey a universal formation mechanism \cite{1994ApJ...429..117H} as evidence by the constancy of the globlar cluster luminosity function (GCLF) \cite{1991ARA&A..29..543H}. However, this constancy of formation appears juxtaposed against the env...
1,116,691,501,200
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:Introduction} High-velocity clouds (HVCs) are clouds in the Galactic halo traveling at high speed relative to the local standard of rest ($\ga$90~\ensuremath{\mathrm{km}\ \mathrm{s}^{-1}}; \citealt{wakker97}). HVCs play an important role in the Galaxy, by supplying material to fuel st...
1,116,691,501,201
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Pillars and globules are probes of the dramatic physical and structural changes produced as a result of the erosion of the neutral gas at the interface between \hii-regions and molecular clouds by the ionising radiation from OB-stars. Expanding ionisation fronts encounter pre...
1,116,691,501,202
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Generally speaking, a complex system can be understood as a large number of interacting elements whose global behaviour cannot be derived from the local laws that characterize each of its components. The global response of the system can be observed at different scales and the vas...
1,116,691,501,203
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $C \subset \PP^2$ be a projective curve of degree $d > 2$ such that all its singularities are nodes, and let $\nu\colon \hatC \to C$ be the normalization mapping. For a point $p \notin C$ consider the projection $\pr_p: C \to \PP^1 = p^\perp$ from $p$; here $p^\perp \subset \mathbb P...
1,116,691,501,204
arxiv
\section{Introduction} On November 8, 2017, ``Drone Integration Pilot Program'' \cite{USprogramm_UAV} was launched under a presidential memorandum from the White House, which aimed at further exploring expanded use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) including beyond-visual-line-of-sight flights, night-time operatio...
1,116,691,501,205
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The ongoing experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) allow us to enter new terrain at the ${\rm Te\kern -1pt V}$ scale and to search for new physics in an unprecedented way. In fact, due to the remarkable properties of supersymmetric (SUSY) extensions of the Standard Mode...
1,116,691,501,206
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the progress of computers, microscopic simulation methods have become popular in the heavy-ion reaction studies. The benefit of microscopic simulation method is that one can investigate nuclear reactions without making any specific assumption on the reaction mechanism. There are many kind...
1,116,691,501,207
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Time-delayed feedback was originally proposed in the context of chaos control \citep{PYR92} as an alternative to the famous OGY method developed earlier by \citet{OTT90}. The idea was to achieve stabilization of unstable periodic orbits (UPOs) by adding, to a chaotic system, a control force in th...
1,116,691,501,208
arxiv
\section{A-Posteriori Error Estimator} \label{sec:a_posteriori} The model reduction error in the ArbiLoMod has to be controlled. To this end, an a posteriori error estimator is used which should have the following properties: \begin{enumerate}[topsep=0pt,itemsep=-1ex,partopsep=1ex,parsep=1ex] \item It is robust and ef...
1,116,691,501,209
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, various authors \cite{KLT,KKLR,GKKLR} considered pure $R^2$ theories of gravity coupled to matter. These theories are particularly interesting also in regard to cosmology because they naturally accommodate for de Sitter universes. While demanding conformal invariance (Weyl local g...
1,116,691,501,210
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} \noindent Malware attacks pose a massive threat to the security of companies and individuals. The average annual cost of malware attacks has increased to \$2.6 million per mid-sized company worldwide \cite{bissell2019}. Anti-malware engines are essential to proactively p...
1,116,691,501,211
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The discovery that the rate of expansion of the Universe is apparently accelerating was one of the key advances in physical cosmology in the 1990s (\citealt{Riess1998, Perlmutter1999}). Understanding the nature of the dynamically dominant dark energy, which is believed to be responsible for ...
1,116,691,501,212
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{I}{n} recent years, as a kind of optical remote sensing image with high spectral resolution, hyperspectral images (HSIs) have attracted much attention because of their unique properties and the massive information they contain \cite{Li2019}. HSIs have been widely used in mineral ex...
1,116,691,501,213
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} \label{s1} Let $\alpha_1< \cdots <\alpha_p$ be any $p$ distinct real numbers, and let $\rho_1,\dots ,\rho_p$ be positive numbers. The \textit{generalized Lam\'e equation}\footnote{Usually the term generalized Lam\'e equation refers to such equations in which the $\alpha_j$'s are...
1,116,691,501,214
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:introduction}Introduction} Increasing the channel capacity of wireless systems is an essential demand in the implementation of new generations of telecommunication networks. An attractive way to meet this need without increasing the frequency bandwidth is to utilize photon orbital angular momentum (...