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1,116,691,501,415 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The integration of powered two wheelers (PTWs) to intelligent transport systems as well as the development of PTWs specific innovative transport solutions depends upon the understanding of their mobility behaviors and interaction with other road users. However, PTWs create a peculiar traffic flow... |
1,116,691,501,416 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The standard model of elementary particles is the most important achievement in modern physics,
and still it gives us the horizon of particle phenomenology~[1].
Supersymmetry ( SUSY )~[2-22] can be understood as one of the ways toward "beyond the standard model",
from a viewpoint of particle p... |
1,116,691,501,417 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The extensive efforts over the years to reconcile thermodynamics with quantum mechanics~\cite{gemmerbook,mahlerbook,alicki1979quantum,kosloff1984quantum,kosloff2013quantum} have not yet fully resolved the fundamental question: What is truly quantum about quantum thermodynamics? Is there more to ... |
1,116,691,501,418 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Einstein's theory of relativity predicts that light rays gets deflected due to the curvature of spacetime known as the gravitational lensing effect. The deflection of light has been extensively studied previously in the literature in various astrophysical systems in the context of the weak as we... |
1,116,691,501,419 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We study the problem of information elicitation without verification
(``peer prediction''). This challenging problem
arises across a diverse
range of multi-agent systems, in which participants are asked to
respond to an information task, and where there is no
external input available against ... |
1,116,691,501,420 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this article we apply a method of quantum many-body theory called
the coupled cluster method (CCM)
\cite{ccm1,ccm2,ccm5,ccm12,ccm15,ccm20,ccm26,ccm27,ccm32,ccm35}
to study strongly interacting quantum spin systems. The CCM is not
restricted, in principle, by the spatial dimensionality of... |
1,116,691,501,421 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we mainly consider the linear system
\begin{equation}\label{eq:1.1}
Ax=b,
\end{equation}
where the matrix $A$ is a complex symmetric matrix. This kind of
linear systems (\ref{eq:1.1}) arise from different physical
applications, for example, in modeling electromagnetic waves under
t... |
1,116,691,501,422 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The construction of quantum field theory models is inherently related to the Lorentz invariant partition of classical fields into the positive and the negative frequency parts
$$
u(x) = u^+(x) + u^-(x), \quad x \in \mathbb{R}^{1,3}
$$
The quantization procedure itself is then based on the commu... |
1,116,691,501,423 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since the late 20th century (see, e.g.,
\cite{voorhoeve,kazarnovski,khovanski}) it has been known that many of
the quantitative results relating algebraic sets and polyhedral geometry can
be extended to more general analytic functions, including exponential sums.
Here, we show that the rece... |
1,116,691,501,424 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setlength\arraycolsep{2pt}
Due to the increasing popularity of wireless devices in recent years,
the radio spectrum has been
an extremely scarce resource. By contrast,
90 percent of the existing licensed spectrum remains idle
and the usage varies geographically and temporally
as reported ... |
1,116,691,501,425 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Accreting neutron stars in low mass X-ray binaries (LMXB) are
among the most luminous compact X-ray sources in the Milky Way.
A number of them have luminosities exceeding $\sim {\rm
few}\times 10^{38}$ erg/s and presumably accrete matter at the level
close to the critical Edd... |
1,116,691,501,426 | arxiv | \section{Related Work}
In this section, we briefly discuss prior work on uncertainty modeling and research on uncertainty visualization. We then describe the
importance of modeling and communicating uncertainty in text data.
\subsection{Uncertainty Modeling}
Uncertainty, error, ambiguity, and other representatio... |
1,116,691,501,427 | arxiv | \section{}
Studying photometric time series in the frequency domain can serve as a means
of detecting rotational modulations (e.g. \citealt{reinhold:2013,
neilsen:2013}), measuring asteroseismic modes (e.g. \citealt{chaplin:2014}) and
even detecting short-period transiting planets \citep{sanchis:2013}. To our
knowledg... |
1,116,691,501,428 | arxiv | \section{Mesoscopic Model }
Let's arrange $N$ base pairs (\textit{bps}) on a circle with radius $R$ such that, $2 \pi R / N \sim 3.4$ \AA, as depicted in Fig.~\ref{fig:1}.
When all \textit{bps} centers of mass lie on the circumference, which represents the molecule backbone, the system is in the ground state.
Say ... |
1,116,691,501,429 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
Public health surveillance systems often fail to detect emerging infectious diseases, particularly in resource limited settings. By integrating relevant clinical and internet-source data, we can close critical gaps in coverage and accelerate outbreak detection. Here, we present a multivariate algori... |
1,116,691,501,430 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
In this paper we point out the effect of magnetostrictions in the interior of a neutron star on its rotation frequency. The exact composition of the interior of a neutron star still is an ongoing debate, since it critically depends on the equations of state for the different co... |
1,116,691,501,431 | arxiv | \subsection{Please Capitalize the First Letter of Each Notional Word in Subsection Title}
\section{Introduction}
Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) feedback now appears as a crucial process in
galaxy formation and evolution. It is well-known that the tight correlation
between nuclear black hole mass ($M_{\rm BH}$) and b... |
1,116,691,501,432 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The defining property of hierarchical spin-glasses is that the Hamiltonian may be defined recursively in terms of the Hamiltonians of the two sub-systems formed by dividing the spins into two equally sized groups:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:HM}
H_{n}(s) = H_{n-1}(s_L) + H_{n-1}(s_R) + \ep... |
1,116,691,501,433 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\newpage
The dynamic response of pure Ising systems to time dependent magnetic
fields is currently being studied intensively \cite{rmp}.
In particular, the response of Ising systems to pulsed fields has recently
been investigated \cite{pos,pep1,pep2}. The pulse can be either
``positive'' or `... |
1,116,691,501,434 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
Radio galaxies appear to come in two fundamentally different types, as encapsulated in the Fanaroff and Riley classification scheme \citep{fr74}. FR\,I sources have bright cores and edge-darkened lobes, while FR\,II sources are edge-brightened with hotspots at the end. These ... |
1,116,691,501,435 | arxiv | \section{\label{}}
\section{Introduction}
The problem of finding a covariant expression for the distribution and conservation of gravitational energy-momentum for General Relativity dates to the 1910s.
Einstein took the requirement that the gravitational field equations alone entail energy-momentum conserva... |
1,116,691,501,436 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
GX 3+1 is one of the brightest, persistent Galactic bulge X-ray sources. The
source has occasionally produced thermonuclear X-ray bursts when its X-ray flux
was low (see \cite{Makish,Sun}). Based on X-ray spectral and temporal
variability studies with EXOSAT it has been classified as an atoll
s... |
1,116,691,501,437 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} A linear matrix polynomial $\sA$ (of dimension $k$, in $n$ variables) is a symmetric $k\times k$-matrix whose entries are affine linear polynomials over $\R$, in the variables $\ul X =(X_1,\ldots,X_n)$. Equivalenty, it is a linear polynomial in $\ul X$ with coefficients $A_i$ from $\Sym_{k}(\R... |
1,116,691,501,438 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Plurality voting is a popular tool for collective decision-making
in many domains, including both human societies and multiagent systems.
Under this voting rule, each voter is supposed to vote
for her most favorite candidate (or abstain); the winner is then the candidate that receives the high... |
1,116,691,501,439 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Parity-time (PT) symmetry is one of the most significant symmetries of open systems with gain and loss.
Various open systems can be described by non-Hermitian Schr\"{o}dinger equations.
If a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian and its eigenstates respect PT symmetry, the spectrum is entirely real \cite{199... |
1,116,691,501,440 | arxiv | \section{Background}
Electroweak theory couples the baryon (B) and the lepton (L) numbers to the Chern-Simons number of the weak gauge field through the axial anomaly. At temperatures higher than the electroweak phase transition, the rate of Chern-Simons number fluctuations -- the sphaleron rate -- has a nonzero value... |
1,116,691,501,441 | arxiv | \section*{\sffamily \Large INTRODUCTION}
Among the {\em molecular descriptors} which provide information on molecular constitution,
{\em topological indices} have several assets such as: (1) easy calculation with very low computer time (cpu)
requirements; (2) diversity of possibilities to choose from in order to m... |
1,116,691,501,442 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $A$ be an abelian variety over a number field $\ensuremath{\mathrm{E}}\subset \ensuremath{\mathbb{C}}$ and $\overline{\ensuremath{\mathrm{E}}}$ an algebraic closure of $\ensuremath{\mathrm{E}}$.
For $v$ a place of $\ensuremath{\mathrm{E}}$ dividing a prime $p$ where $A$ has good reduction a... |
1,116,691,501,443 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The purpose of these notes is to provide a new proof of Mattila, Melnikov, and Verdera's theorem. The exposition is self-contained, relying only on a knowledge of basic real analysis.
\begin{thm}\label{thm1}\cite{MMV} An Ahlfors-David regular measure $\mu$ whose associated Cauchy transform op... |
1,116,691,501,444 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The topological entropy and the metric entropy of dynamical systems are celebrated invariants in the moduli of topological and metric conjugacy. For the continuous dynamics of compact spaces, they are related by the variational principle: The topological entropy is the supremum over the metric e... |
1,116,691,501,445 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Game theory has
found many applications in multi-agent engineering problems, wherein each agent can be modelled as an independent, selfish decision maker that tries to optimize its individual, but coupled, cost function. These include
wireless communication networks \cite{faawb06}, \cite{lh10},... |
1,116,691,501,446 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Accurate measurements of the rest-frame UV luminosity function (LF) are crucial for
studying the evolution of galaxies at high redshift and reconstructing the
physics and timeline of cosmic reionization. In recent years,
significant progress has been achieved in measuring the LF... |
1,116,691,501,447 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The detection of faint sources in far IR can be greatly affected by the amount and
structure of the background radiation. The main source of background radiation in
far IR is the smooth component of the Galactic emission, known as cirrus emission.
The amount of emission manifests itself as photo... |
1,116,691,501,448 | arxiv | \section{Experience with prototypes at future CTA sites}
Atmospheric monitoring devices, such as the All-sky Cameras (ASC), the Sun/Moon Photometers and the FRAM robotic telescopes have been, since 2015, gradually deployed on the future sites of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) -- the CTA South site near Cerro Arma... |
1,116,691,501,449 | arxiv | \section{GRIBOV NOISE}
In ref.\ \cite{Gr} Gribov
showed that, for non-abelian gauge theory,
the standard gauge-fixing conditions used for perturbative
calculations do not fix the gauge
fields uniquely. The existence of these {\em Gribov
copies} does not affect the results from perturbation theory, but
their eliminatio... |
1,116,691,501,450 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The relationship between apparent peak brightness and redshift of Type Ia supernovae
(SNe Ia) depends on the cosmological model; this has provided the most
direct evidence for the accelerated expansion of the Universe \citep{riess98,perl99}. Current SN Ia surveys such as SNLS \citep{snls06}, ESS... |
1,116,691,501,451 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The presence of Galactic interstellar dust affects
astronomical observations over a wide range of wavelengths. In the mid-infrared
and far-infrared, Galactic dust emission contributes significantly
to the total observed sky intensity. At optical and ultraviolet (UV)
wavelengths, dust grains abso... |
1,116,691,501,452 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\vspace{-0.05in}
Coherent integrated photonic neural networks (C-IPNNs) promise ultra-fast and ultra-low-energy linear multipliers for emerging artificial intelligence (AI) accelerators. C-IPNNs based on singular value decomposition (SVD), referred to as SC-IPNNs in this paper, factorize a linear ... |
1,116,691,501,453 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:kura}
In \cite{DF1}, the authors studied Lagrangian intersection Floer homology of a pair of monotone Lagrangians in an open symplectic manifold, which is isomorphic to a divisor complement. At the heart of the construction of \cite{DF1}, there is a compactification of the moduli spac... |
1,116,691,501,454 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is known that most stars are born within giant molecular clouds
forming clusters \citep{Lad03}. Numerical simulations demonstrate
that star formation occurs mainly along the patterns defined by the
densest regions of the molecular clouds \citep{Bon03}. Thus, the
hierarchical structure observ... |
1,116,691,501,455 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Solutions of certain partial differential equations (PDEs) exhibit self-similar dynamics in the asymptotic limit. A self-similar solution in the region of large-time asymptotic limit normally is in the form of
\begin{equation}\label{eq:structure}
u(x, t) \sim \frac{A}{t^{\alpha}}\phi\left(B\frac... |
1,116,691,501,456 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The induction of the Chern-Simons-like Lorentz and CPT violating
term, given by ${\cal
L}_{CS}=\frac{1}{2}k_{\mu}\epsilon^{\mu\nu\lambda\theta}F_{\nu\lambda}A_{\theta}$,
being $k_{\mu}$ a constant vector characterizing the preferred
direction of the space-time, is one of the most important result... |
1,116,691,501,457 | arxiv | \section{Electronic Submission}
\nocite{langley00}
\section{Introduction}
Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) \citep{ASTROM1965174} provides a principled and generic framework to model real world sequential decision ... |
1,477,468,749,824 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
Calder\'on-Zygmund theory is concerned with $L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)$ bounded singular integral operators, $T$, of the form
$$
Tf(x)=\int_{\mathbb{R}^n}K(x,y)f(y)\,dy,
$$
where $f$ is
compactly supported, $x\notin {\rm supp \,} f$, and
$K$ is a kernel function defined on $(... |
1,477,468,749,825 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Convex optimization problems arise in areas like signal processing,
control systems, estimation, communication, data analysis, and machine
learning. They are also useful to bound the optimal values of certain
nonlinear programming problems, and to approximate their
optimizers. Due to their ubiqu... |
1,477,468,749,826 | arxiv | \subsection{}\vskip -22pt\hskip \parindent}
\def\DY#1{{\cal DY}\left({#1}\right)}
\def\YD#1{{\cal DY}{#1}}
\def\cO#1{{{\cal O}(#1)}}
\defI\!\!R{I\!\!R}
\defC\!\!\!\!I{C\!\!\!\!I}
\defQ\!\!\!\!I{Q\!\!\!\!I}
\defZ\!\!\!Z{Z\!\!\!Z}
\defI\!\!N{I\!\!N}
\def\T#1{{\rm T}(#1)}
\def{\rm V}{{\rm V}}
\def{\cal C}{{\cal C}}
\def{... |
1,477,468,749,827 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Several statistical models are presented in the form of unnormalized densities and the calculation of the normalization constant (or the partition function) is intractable.
Namely,
\begin{align}
p(x ;\theta)=\frac{1}{Z(\theta)} \tilde{p}(x; \theta), \label{nnm}
\end{align}
where $Z(\theta) ... |
1,477,468,749,828 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Control of systems with uncertainties is a central challenge in control and is an extensively researched topic. There are various sub-fields in control such as stochastic control \cite{kumar2015stochastic, aastrom2012introduction}, robust control \cite{skogestad2007multivariable} and adaptive co... |
1,477,468,749,829 | arxiv | \section{abstract}
\section{Introduction}
Dust is a fundamental constituent of galaxies. Dust is formed from processed stellar material returned back to the interstellar medium (ISM) either through supernovae or stellar winds. Massive stars ($\gtrsim 8 M_\odot$) which end their lives as Type II supernovae (SNe) and t... |
1,477,468,749,830 | arxiv | \section{The AGILE contribution to the study of Active Galactic Nuclei}
Contrary to previous $\gamma$-ray instruments based on gas spark chambers (like COS B
and EGRET), the tracker of AGILE, using silicon strip detectors, does
not need a separate triggering device.
This allows to greatly increase the
incidenc... |
1,477,468,749,831 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper presents a theory that yields exponential growth of the
horizontally-averaged magnetic field ({\it i.e., } a large-scale dynamo) in the
presence of a time-mean horizontal shear flow and a randomly
fluctuating, 3D, barotropic force ({\it i.e., } with spatial variations only
within the ... |
1,477,468,749,832 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{-1em}
Avec l'essor des assistants vocaux, de plus en plus d'objets connectés sont déployés chez les consommateurs.
Ces assistants ont besoin d'une connexion internet et de serveurs centralisés pour fonctionner.
Les signaux de parole de l'utilisateur sont envoyés à ces serveurs pour bénéf... |
1,477,468,749,833 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Satellite-based \ac{M2M} communications represent a large fraction of the \ac{IoT} market, showing an increasing popularity both in the research and in the industrial community. The ubiquitous coverage provided by the satellites may represent a key feature to enable the ... |
1,477,468,749,834 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{secIN}
Statistical-mechanical lattice-gas modeling provides a
paradigm for analyzing
site-specific single- and multicomponent chemisorption
at electrode--electrolyte interfaces. The
method is particularly useful to describe spatial ordering and
fluctuations in the contact-adsorbed layer,
... |
1,477,468,749,835 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:int}
An astronomical black hole can be readily characterized with two parameters, mass ($M$) and spin ($a_*$), hence it could be described by Kerr metric \citep{ker1963}. Once we know these two parameters, we can make a complete description to the system. Compared to the mass, the sp... |
1,477,468,749,836 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:1}
After the notorious Address delivered by H. Minkowski at the Assembly
of German Natural Scientists and Physicians
in 1908 \cite{Mink1908}, which was devoted to space and time,
all physical quantities which were previously described as
vectors in 3-D Euclidean space, were recast ac... |
1,477,468,749,837 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Riemann--Hilbert correspondence relates the integrable
logarithmic (or Fuchsian) connections over an algebraic variety
$X$ to the representations of the fundamental group
$\pi_1(X\setminus\{D\})$, where $D$ denotes the divisor of poles
of a connection. Deligne \cite{De} proved its bijectivity... |
1,477,468,749,838 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
In recent years, portable devices such as
smartphones and tablet PCs have evolved to
reach a significant performance enhancement.
However, applications running on those
mobile devices also consume many resources, e.g.
computing, storage, et al.
Particularly, multiple applica... |
1,477,468,749,839 | arxiv |
\section{Implementation}
\label{sec:implementation}
In this section, we discuss a number of technical aspects of our \textsc{LMQL}\xspace implementation, as published together with this paper.
\subsection{Language Runtime}
\paragraph{Parser and Python Compatibility} We implement \textsc{LMQL}\xspace{} as a superset... |
1,477,468,749,840 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
To identify the dynamical state of multi-planetary systems, we use the MEGNO
technique (the acronym of Mean Exponential Growth factor of Nearby Orbits;
Cincotta \& Sim\`o 2000). This method provides relevant information about the
global dynamics and the fine structure of the phase space, and y... |
1,477,468,749,841 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The discharge length of fusion machines so far has been of the order of a few minutes only. However, as fusion research approaches reactor relevant conditions the discharge lengths increase. Fusion machines such as Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) aim at discharge lengths of \SI{15}{\min... |
1,477,468,749,842 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
PCA is probably the most common tool for exploratory data analysis, dimensionality reduction and clustering, e.g.,~\cite{Jol2002}. It can either be seen as finding the best low-dimensional subspace approximating the data or as finding the subspace of highest variance. However, due to the fact tha... |
1,477,468,749,843 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Layered heterostructures provide a versatile platform for the construction of nanophotonic devices, enabling extensive functionality of light propagating through nanoscale stratified systems \cite{Xia2014}. The tremendous progress reported using layered systems is significantly fueled by polarit... |
1,477,468,749,844 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
There is a recent interest for the formal verification of monadic
programs stemming from \newterm{monadic equational reasoning\/}: an
approach to the verification of monadic programs that emphasizes
equational
reasoning~\cite{gibbons2011icfp,gibbons2012utp,mu2019tr2,mu2019tr3,m... |
1,477,468,749,845 | arxiv |
\section{Convex sets and projection}
\label{sec:convex}
We will prove our main theorems in the more general setting of closed convex
cones. Our goal is the following general theorem about projections of
convex sets, which will quickly imply
Theorem~\ref{thm:generic-ur-min-stress-kernel}. (See
Definitions~\ref{def:e... |
1,477,468,749,846 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent The Drude model of electric conductivity \cite{d} offers a rather generic behavior for
charge transport. Although the concept of the Drude conductivity seems to be old-fashioned it is
very useful for different applications, so for chaotic transport and weak localization \cite{jw},
ma... |
1,477,468,749,847 | arxiv | \subsubsection*{Example: Gaussian states}
A generic zero mean Gaussian state can be described by the characteristic
function \cite{Hol2}
\begin {equation}\label {charact}
\Phi(x,y)=\exp\left[-\frac {1}{2}(\sigma _{xx}x^{2}+2\sigma _{xp}xy+\sigma
_{pp}y^{2})\right],
\end {equation}
where $x,y\in {\mathbb R}$ and the co... |
1,477,468,749,848 | arxiv | \section{\sc Introduction}
Different censoring schemes are extensively used in practice to make a life testing experiment to be more time and cost effective. In
a type-I censoring scheme, the experiment is terminated at a prefixed time point. But it may happen that, no failure is observed during that
time and it w... |
1,477,468,749,849 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and statement of results}
\subsection{Background and motivation - a birds eye view}\label{ss:bird}
The purpose of this paper is twofold: We initiate a systematic study of random quasiconformal homeomorphisms,
and we develop a framework for homogenization of iterated singular integrals. Our main r... |
1,477,468,749,850 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Announcements have recently been made by the four detector collaborations at RHIC \cite{RHIC-QGP} that a new state of matter, distinct from ordinary
hadronic matter has been created in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions (URHIC). This state of mattter has shown a number of unexpected properti... |
1,477,468,749,851 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{E}{lectromagnetic} field models that do not account for radiation effects are dubbed quasistatic field models. For static fields, the Maxwell equations decouple and enable the consideration of resistive, and capacitive or inductive effects, with either electrostatic, or magnetostati... |
1,477,468,749,852 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec.Intro}
A complex Hadamard matrix is a square matrix
$W$ of order $n$ which satisfies $W\overline{W}^\top= nI$ and
all of whose entries are complex numbers of absolute value $1$.
A complex Hadamard matrix is said to be Butson-type,
if all of its entries are roots of unity.
In our earl... |
1,477,468,749,853 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
When studying a stellar dynamical model (single or multi--component),
the fact that the Jeans equations have a physically acceptable
solution is not a sufficient criterion for the validity of the model:
the minimal requirement to be met by a physically acceptable model is
the positivity of the ph... |
1,477,468,749,854 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Interesting new directions in topological quantum computing include its extension from anyons to gapped boundaries and symmetry defects with the hope that anyonic systems with non-universal computational power can be enhanced to achieve universality. Enrichment of topological physics in two spat... |
1,477,468,749,855 | arxiv |
\chapter{Introduction} \label{ch: introduction}
\pagenumbering{arabic}
Inter Stellar Medium (ISM), the medium in between the stars in our Galaxy and other spiral or dwarf galaxies, is composed of mainly gas, dust and charged particles. ISM play an important role in evolution of the spiral galaxies \citep{2011piim.book... |
1,477,468,749,856 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
M.T. would like to thank Professor Daniel DeBra and Dr. Sasha Buchman
for many stimulating conversations about the gLISA mission concept,
Dr. John W. Armstrong for reading the manuscript and his valuable
comments, and Drs. Anthony Freeman and Daniel McCleese for for their
constant encouragem... |
1,477,468,749,857 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{-0.5cm}
In \cite{Se17}, we reported about the detection of an extended gamma-ray source, Source A, located $\sim$0$^{\circ}\!\!$.6 south-west of the supernova remnant (SNR) G306.3$-$0.9. Assuming Source A as a point-like gamma-ray source,we detected it with a significance of $\sim$9.7$\si... |
1,477,468,749,858 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A vertex algebra describes the symmetries of a two-dimensional conformal field theory, while a factorization algebra over a complex curve consists of local data in such a field theory. Roughly, the factorization structure encodes collisions between local operators. The two perspectives are equiva... |
1,477,468,749,859 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an imaging modality used to visualize corneal \cite{Izatt1994}, limbal \cite{Kira2012}, and retinal structures \cite{Huang1991} with micrometer resolution. OCT can be used to estimate corneal biometric parameters \cite{Kuo2012}, such as cor... |
1,477,468,749,860 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{The Problem of Time and underlying Theory of Background Independence}
Time is conceived of substantially differently across the observationally established paradigms of Physics.
Detailed consideration of this -- the subject of Part I of \cite{ABook} -- reveals the main chasm ... |
1,477,468,749,861 | arxiv | \section{ I. Introduction}
This is a tribute to Gerry Brown who was our mentor, collaborator
and good friend for a long long time,
from 1964 to 2013 for TTSK, and from 2003 to 2013 for JWH. We remember him
and our times together very well, and here we shall review briefly
two subjects, `core
polarization' and `Bro... |
1,477,468,749,862 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this note we will discuss examples of distributions in the sense of Schwartz that we believe are promising for the study of the solutions to the Kadomtsev--Petviashvili.
These distributions allow the computation of solutions Kadomtsev--Petviashvili (KP) equation and the Korteweg--de Vries (KdV... |
1,477,468,749,863 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Shape matching is an important area of computational geometry, that has
applications in computer vision, pattern recognition, and other
fields that are concerned with matching objects by shape similarity.
Generally, in shape matching we are given two geometric objects $A$... |
1,477,468,749,864 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Multiphase flows are ubiquitious in several industrial applications. In the last three decades, there has been a surge
in the numerical methods and algorithms for simulations of complex multiphase flows. There have been several different types of
interface capturing strategies that have been p... |
1,477,468,749,865 | arxiv | \section{A brief review of Wannier functions} \label{sub:WF}
Wannier functions (WFs) are defined as the Fourier transformations of Bloch wave functions,
with a gauge freedom
\begin{equation}
\left|w_{\alpha\mathbf{R}}\right\rangle =\frac{1}{\sqrt{\mathcal{N}}}\sum_{\mathbf{k}\alpha}e^{-i\mathbf{k}\cdot\mathbf{R}}\left... |
1,477,468,749,866 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider block ciphers acting on a vector space $(\mathbb{F}_2)^n$.
It is important to identify conditions on the components of the cipher that
may ensure its security. There are many competing notions of security,
hence several kinds of security criteria, and some of them focus on the role... |
1,477,468,749,867 | arxiv |
\section{A Review on Convolution Operators \raquel{convolution or convolutional?}}
In this section we provide a review on convolution operators over discrete and continuous domain.
Convolution is a mathematical operator over two functions $f$ and $g$, which produces a third function $h$.
\begin{figure}
\inclu... |
1,477,468,749,868 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the most critical problem in wireless communication techniques is how information gets transmitted from one end (transmitter) to another end (receiver) reliably. During the transmission, the signal suffers from distortion and noise due to complicated channel state and hardware imperfecti... |
1,477,468,749,869 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
RR Lyrae stars are fundamental standard candles and the accurate
determination of their absolute luminosity has a wide range of
applications, including the derivation of the Hubble constant and the
determination of globular clusters ages. The results of the {\sc hipparcos}\
mission allow in pri... |
1,477,468,749,870 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure*}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\paperwidth-5cm]{Heatmaps.pdf}
\caption{Attention Head Shapley Values of 3 Languages for XLM-R finetuned on English XNLI. Each value indicates the mean marginal effect an attention head has on accuracy for the XNLI test set in the language.}\l... |
1,477,468,749,871 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The transition from a liquid to an amorphous solid that sometimes
occurs upon cooling remains one of the largely unresolved problems
of statistical physics~\cite{goetze04,debenedetti01}. At the
experimental level, the so-called glass transition is generally
associated with a sharp increase in the... |
1,477,468,749,872 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{s:int}}
Already for a few years, there exists a discrepancy in the determination of the proton charge radius by means of the spectroscopy of ordinary and muonic hydrogen (see, e.g., \cite{muh1,codata2014}), commonly known as the proton radius puzzle.
There are different contributions to... |
1,477,468,749,873 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:intro}
Mass loss in evolved stellar populations affects the chemical evolution of
the interstellar medium (ISM) and mass loss from individual stars governs post
main sequence evolution. The amount and duration of mass loss that occurs
in giant stars remains one of the most uncertai... |
1,477,468,749,874 | arxiv |
\section{Qualitative Analysis}
We visualize the distribution of source and target data in the feature space (output of the contrastive head) with the t-sne \cite{van2008visualizing} plots in Figure \ref{fig:tsne}. In particular, we focus on the Ar,Pr,Rw $\rightarrow$ Cl case of the Office-Home dataset: the red dots re... |
1,477,468,749,875 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Atomic systems are prime candidates for long-lived storage and on-demand retrieval of optical quantum states, due to the long coherence times of their optically accessible spin-states~\cite{Lvovsky2009b, Heshami2016c}. Several spin-based memory approaches have been proposed and experimentally st... |
1,477,468,749,876 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since the work of Lotka and Volterra, ecologists have attempted to
mathematize the interactions between populations to build predictive
models of population dynamics. This is a complex problem --
ecological communities are often composed of a large number of
species~\cite{May1988,May1988}, the e... |
1,477,468,749,877 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Translationally cold samples of molecules offer interesting perspectives for high-resolution spectroscopy. The long measurement times that are possible with such samples and the reduced Doppler widths are ideally suited for precision measurements of transition frequencies in molecules, and such m... |
1,477,468,749,878 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}}
\IEEEPARstart{C}{lustering} analysis is one of the important topics in machine learning \cite{jordan2015machine}, which has been widely applied in many fields, including data mining \cite{doring2006data}, pattern recognition \cite{bezdek2013pattern}, image processing \cit... |
1,477,468,749,879 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent
The subject of this paper are states and orthogonal polynomials in non-commuting variables. The definition is straightforward. The usual orthogonal polynomials are obtained by starting with a measure $\mu$ on $\mf{R}^d$, thinking of $\mf{R}[x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_d]$ as a vector space with... |
1,477,468,749,880 | arxiv | \section{Proof of the first part of Theorem \ref{TheThm}}\label{SectProof1}
We let $(M,g)$ be a smooth compact Riemannian manifold
of dimension $n \ge 3$, $p \ge 1$ an integer,
and $A: M \to M_p^s({\mathbb R})$, $A = (A_{ij})$, be
smooth and such that $A(x)$ is positive as a bilinear form for all $x \in M$.
We kno... |
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