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1,477,468,749,881 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The zeta functions associated to finite graphs by Ihara \cite{Ihara},
Hashimoto \cite{HaHo,Hashi}, Bass \cite{Bass} and others, combine
features of Riemann's zeta function, Artin L-functions, and Selberg's
zeta function, and may be viewed as analogues of the Dedekind zeta
functions of a num... |
1,477,468,749,882 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Neutron star low mass X-ray binaries (LMXB) are divided into two classes based upon the different morphology of their tracks in colour-colour and colour-intensity diagrams and their correlated timing behaviour. Six of the brightest LMXBs are classified as Z-type since they trace a Z-shaped patter... |
1,477,468,749,883 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Music source separation is an active research area in the context of audio signal processing and machine learning. The task is to estimate musical sources from observed musical mixture signals. One of the biggest challenges in music source separation is the estimation of singing voice from monaur... |
1,477,468,749,884 | arxiv |
\section{Background}
\label{sec:bg}
\subsection{Linear Temporal Logic (LTL)}
Let $\mathit{AP}$ be a finite set of {\em atomic propositions} and $\Sigma = 2^{\mathit{AP}}$ a
finite {\em alphabet}. A {\em trace} is a finite or infinite sequence of
letters $w=a_0a_1\dots$, where for all $i \geq 0$, we have $a_i \in ... |
1,477,468,749,885 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Machine-type communications (MTC) are typically characterized by a massive number of machine-type devices that connect to the network to transmit small data payloads.
Those features present a significant challenge to cellular networks, whose radio access part is traditio... |
1,477,468,749,886 | arxiv | \section{Mining strongly lensed quasars with machine learning}
\section{Introduction}
Strongly lensed quasars (SLQSOs), particularly quadruply lensed systems, are very rare (\citealt{Oguri10}), but very valuable probes of cosmology and extragalactic astrophysics.
With the KiDS Strongly lensed QUAsar Detection proj... |
1,477,468,749,887 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Giant radio galaxies (GRGs) are radio galaxies whose radio emitting regions (jets, lobes) extend over projected distances $ \geq 1 $ Mpc \citep{RefWorks:222, RefWorks:40, RefWorks:254, RefWorks:236, RefWorks:101}. Their morphology can be classified as core-brightened FRI or edge-br... |
1,477,468,749,888 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
The art of game design has advanced tremendously in recent years, fueling and being fueled by a modern renaissance in tabletop and video gaming.
The methods and vocabulary used by designers and presented in game design schools has become increasingly sophisticat... |
1,477,468,749,889 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Transverse Anderson localization (TAL) of light was first proposed by Abdullaev, et al.~\cite{transverse-Abdullaev} and De Raedt, et al.~\cite{transverse-DeRaedt}
in a dielectric medium with a transversely random and longitudinally uniform refractive index profile. They showed that
an optical be... |
1,477,468,749,890 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Directly imaged planets typically have their masses inferred indirectly from their luminosity and age, using uncalibrated evolutionary models that assume an initial thermal state. Most commonly-used models assume an initially high specific entropy \citep[hot start; e.g.,][]{1997ApJ...491..856B,2... |
1,477,468,749,891 | arxiv | \section{#1}\indent}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
\textwidth 165mm
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1,477,468,749,892 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
A graph search is a mechanism for systematically visiting the vertices
of a graph. It has been a fundamental technique in the design of graph algorithms since the early days of computer science. Many of the early search methods were based on Breadth First Search (BFS) or Dept... |
1,477,468,749,893 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Flowchart languages are a particular class of imperative programming languages
which permit a pleasant and intuitive graphical representation of the control
flow of programs. While conceptually very simple, flowchart languages form the
foundation for modern imperative programming languages, and h... |
1,477,468,749,894 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{intro}
Learning the causal relationships among variables using non-experimental data is of high importance in many scientific fields, such as economics and econometrics\footnote{For a general definition of causality specifically in economics and econometrics see \cite{hoover2017}.}. When t... |
1,477,468,749,895 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The formation of planar cellular structures have attracted considerable interest among scientists
in general and physicists in particular because cellular structures are ubiquitous in nature.
Especially, the class of non-equilibrium systems with apparent disordered patterns have come unde... |
1,477,468,749,896 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Measurement of the correlation in intensity fluctuations of a light source gives access to the squared modulus of the complex degree of coherence. The pioneering experiments of Hanbury-Brown and Twiss (HBT) demonstrated that the modulus of the degree of coherence can be exploited to retrieve i... |
1,477,468,749,897 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Sec:intro}
The smallness of the cosmological constant is one of the great mysteries of particle physics.
In the late 1980's, Coleman proposed a solution \cite{Coleman:1988tj,Klebanov:1988eh} based on the effects of Euclidean wormholes~\cite{Giddings:1987cg} (see also Refs.~\cite{Kawai:201... |
1,477,468,749,898 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In his seminal work in the 1950s, Feller \cite{feller1, feller2} classified one-dimensional diffusion processes and their boundary behaviour on an interval $[a,b]$ with $-\infty\leq a<b\leq \infty$. Feller identified four types of boundaries of the domain. The definition of each is given in t... |
1,477,468,749,899 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Sec:Intro}
Superconducting circuits \cite{Bouchiat_Quantum_1998, Nakamura_Coherent_1999, Friedman_Quantum_2000, Makhlin_Quantum-State_2001, Van_Quantum_2000, Martinis_Rabi_2002, Blais_Cavity_2004, Wallraff_Strong_2004, Koch_Charge_2007, Majer_Coupling_2007} provide a promising platform fo... |
1,477,468,749,900 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}}
\IEEEPARstart{M}obile applications (apps) now have become the most popular way of accessing the Internet as well as performing daily tasks, e.g., reading, shopping, banking, and chatting~\cite{web:mobileDesktop}. Different from traditional desktop applications, mobile app... |
1,477,468,749,901 | arxiv | \section{Main text}
Due to Brownian motion, it is impossible to keep a molecule within the detection volume for an extended period of time.
The study of nanofluidics became popular to circumvent this problem with wide scientific applications \cite{Eijkel2005, Pennathur2005, Kameoka2006, Suman2009}.
With the advanceme... |
1,477,468,749,902 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the conventional quark model\cite{Jaffe:1976ig,GellMann:1964nj}, hadrons generally have two kinds of structures: a meson consisting of a quark and an antiquark, and a baryon consisting of three quarks. However, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) allows the existence of hadrons different from the abo... |
1,477,468,749,903 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Direct detection and spectroscopy of extra-solar planets (hereafter exo-planets)
is expected to be one of essential methods in the understanding of the manner in which
planetary systems are born, how they evolve, and, ultimately, the identification of
biological signatures on these planets. ... |
1,477,468,749,904 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $K$ be a field and $R=K[x_1, \dots, x_n]$ be the
polynomial ring in $n$ variables over $K$ with each $\deg~x_i=1$. %
If $u=x_1^{a_1}\cdots x_n^{a_n}$ is a monomial of $R$, then we
denote the support of $u$ by $supp(u)=\{\,x_i~|~a_i\neq 0\}$. For a
monomial ideal $I\subseteq R$, $G(I)$ is deno... |
1,477,468,749,905 | arxiv | \section*{End Notes}
\newpage
\end{document}
\section{Introduction}
A ``startup'' has many variants of definitions; up until this date there is no consensus on the standard definition.
Santisteban and Mauricio \cite{j8_santisteban2021critical} synthesized many popular definitions, and discovered... |
1,477,468,749,906 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
The authors thank Elisa Kreiss for helpful discussions. We also thank the anonymous reviewers and meta-reviewers for their helpful feedback.
This research was supported in part by DARPA under the MCS program through NIWC Pacific (N66001-19-2-4031), and the Allen Institute for AI (AI2).
\... |
1,477,468,749,907 | arxiv |
\section{Derivation of the accretion efficiencies}
\label{sec:appendix}
\subsection{Settling regime -- planar limit (2D)}
\label{sec:appendixset}
\subsubsection{General expression}
\label{sec:appendixge}
We use physical, order-of-magnitude arguments to derive the scaling relations of the pebble accretion efficiency (... |
1,477,468,749,908 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Approximately two thirds of the available observing time with the Parkes radio telescope is currently dedicated to searching for and studying pulsars. Numerous pulsars are observed over many years enabling studies of the pulsars themselves, theories of gravity, the interstellar medium and many ... |
1,477,468,749,909 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For sixty years, Magnetic Confinement Fusion (MCF) is one of the most important technological challenges for producing domestic energy. Indeed, this worldwide project involves physicists, engineers and mathematicians in order to understand and reproduce on Earth the solar magnetic fusion reactio... |
1,477,468,749,910 | arxiv |
\subsection{Neuromorphic processors}
\label{ssec:cmos}
\textbf{\emph{TrueNorth.}}
TrueNorth~\cite{Merolla2014} is IBM's fully digital neuromorphic chip with one million neurons arranged in a tiled array of 4096 neurosynaptic cores enabling \emph{massive parallel processing}.
Each core contains~13kB of \emph{local S... |
1,477,468,749,911 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Rogers-Ramanujan identities, equations (\ref{eq.RR2}) and (\ref{eq.RR1}), have had a fructiferous influence in many, some of them unexpected, subjects in Mathematics and Physics.
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq.RR2}\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{ q^{n^2}}{(1-q)(1-q^2)\dots (1-q^n)}&=&\prod_{k=0}^{\inft... |
1,477,468,749,912 | arxiv | \section{Differential forms on rational varieties in characteristic $p>0$}
\label{cohmodp}
The action of ${\rm GL}_{d+1}(k)={\rm GL}(k^{d+1})$ on $(k^{d+1})^*=\Hom_k(k^{d+1},k)$ defines an action of ${\rm GL}_{d+1}(k)$ on the affine $k$-scheme associated with $(k^{d+1})^*$, and this action passes to an action of ${\rm... |
1,477,468,749,913 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Sound-source localization (SSL) is an important task for many applications, e.g., robot audition, video conferencing, hearing aids, to cite just a few.
In the framework of human-inspired binaural hearing, two interaural cues are widely used for SSL, namely the interaura... |
1,477,468,749,914 | arxiv |
\section*{Appendix}
\label{sec:app}
\noindent{\bf Proof of Lemma~\ref{lem:lemma1}}
Assume the first estimated preamble bit is at $\hat{t_0}$, and its actual time $t_0$.
Denote $s[n]$ as the central time of a three bit sequence on ViReader\xspace rx, and $t[n]$ as the central time of a three bit sequence on ViTag\xs... |
1,477,468,749,915 | arxiv |
\section{Packing and traversal numbers for nowhere dense graphs}\label{sec:ep}
In this section, we give an application
of~\cref{thm:vc-density}, proving a
duality result for nowhere dense graph classes.
A \emph{set system} is a family $\cal F$ of subsets of a set $X$.
Its \emph{packing} is a subfamily of $\cal F$... |
1,477,468,749,916 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Over the past few years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has connected objects, sensors, and appliances of all kinds. One of the most promising future applications is the Industrial IoT~\cite{varga20205g}, i.e., the use of IoT technology and standards to help automate and monitor industrial process... |
1,477,468,749,917 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider diffuse light propagation in a bounded domain $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ ($n\ge2$). In diffuse optical tomography, coefficients of the diffusion equation are determined from boundary measurements.
The time-independent diffusion equation is given by
\begin{equation}
\cases{
-D_0\Del... |
1,477,468,749,918 | arxiv |
\subsubsection*{#1}}
\pagestyle{headings}
\markright{Reference sheet: \texttt{natbib}}
\usepackage{shortvrb}
\MakeShortVerb{\|}
\begin{document}
\thispagestyle{plain}
\newcommand{\textsc{Bib}\TeX}{\textsc{Bib}\TeX}
\newcommand{\texttt{#1}\def\filedate{#2}\def\fileversion{#3}}}{\texttt{#1}\def\filedate{#2}\def\fil... |
1,477,468,749,919 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
The rapid growth of the modern science requires effective purpose-built information systems. Since inception of the first scientific information systems,
mathematicians have been involved in the full cycle of software product development, from idea to implementation.
A well-known ex... |
1,477,468,749,920 | arxiv |
\section{Ground State for Finite and Open System}
When calculating the ground state of the effective one-dimensional model [Eq.~(5) of the main text] for an open and finite system with a fixed number of particles $N_p$, one gets a huge degeneracy due to the missing particles at the system boundaries. To avoid this ... |
1,477,468,749,921 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Measurement of the radiation effects imparted to astronauts on the space station is an important task for the International Space Station (ISS) mission. Numerous high-energy protons are produced at the solar surface when a huge solar flare occurs. They arrive at the ISS a few hours later. The... |
1,477,468,749,922 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted much attention, and is expected to support different applications such as smart homes, smart gateways, environmental monitoring, and smart cities \cite{iot1, iot2}. Different from human-type communications, the IoT spawns a new comm... |
1,477,468,749,923 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) is the core of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). It consists of two symmetric catalyst layers (CL), placed at the anode and cathode sides and separated by a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), and of the gas diffusion laye... |
1,477,468,749,924 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The hard X-ray transient GRO~J0422+32 (XN~Per~1992) was discovered by the BATSE
instrument on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory in data from 1992 August 5
(Paciesas et al. 1992), and at its peak reached an intensity in soft $\gamma$
rays approximately three times brighter than the Crab Nebula and... |
1,477,468,749,925 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recognition of human actions from RGB-D (Red, Green, Blue and Depth) data has attracted increasing attention in computer vision in recent years due to the advantages of depth information over conventional RGB video, e.g. being insensitive to illumination changes and reliable to estimate body si... |
1,477,468,749,926 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Observations of transient and supernova phenomena have informed fundamental discoveries about our universe, ranging from its expansion history and current expansion rate \citep{riess, perlmutter, freedman, riess_2019} to the progenitor physics of rare and interesting events \citep{pursiainen, pat... |
1,477,468,749,927 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For a finite tensor category $\cat$ the \emph{Brauer-Picard group}
$\BrPic(\cat)$ is defined as the group of equivalence classes of invertible
$\cat$-bimodule categories. This group is an important invariant of the tensor
category $\cat$ and appears at several essential places in representa... |
1,477,468,749,928 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Complex networks have gained attention the past decade~\cite{boccaletti_complex_2006}.
Especially with the rise of social media, social networks of unprecedented size became available, which contributed to the establishment of the computational social sciences~\cite{watts_twenty-first_2007,laze... |
1,477,468,749,929 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{T}{he} reduction of dimensions in Silicon based transistors faces great challenges as dimensions approach atomic sizes and physical limits will be eventually reached. A great deal of research has focused during the last years in new materials that alleviate these limitations. One ... |
1,477,468,749,930 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is generally believed \cite{anderson} that some essential physics of strongly correlated electron systems in solids, such as high-temperature superconductors \cite{bednorz}, can be described by the Hubbard model \cite{hubbard,gutzwiller}
\begin{equation}\label{eq:hubbard}
\begin{aligned}{}
H=... |
1,477,468,749,931 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The \emph{core entropy} $h(f)$ of a postcritically finite (PCF) polynomial $f:\mathbb{C} \to \mathbb{C}$ is the topological entropy of the restriction of $f$ to its Hubbard tree. It is well known that for any PCF polynomial $f$, the number $\lambda(f) = e^{h(f)}$, which is called the \emph{grow... |
1,477,468,749,932 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
System-on-chips (SoCs) today are the backbone of modern electronic devices that are being commonly used in a variety of application domains from defense and aerospace to automotive and the internet of things (IoT). Hardware intellectual property (IP) cores are the basic building blocks o... |
1,477,468,749,933 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec_intro}
Laboratory astrophysics is a research field, where space and astrophysical phenomena are reproduced experimentally in laboratories. In space plasmas, in-situ measurements with spacecrafts provides us the local and microscopic information of plasmas and electric/magnetic fields,... |
1,477,468,749,934 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s:intro}
Water is a cornerstone molecule in the oxygen chemistry of dense interstellar
clouds and a major coolant of warm molecular gas\footnote{This paper uses the word
`water' to denote the chemical species, and the notations H$_2$O, H$_2^{18}$O\ and HDO
to denote specific isotopolo... |
1,477,468,749,935 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the essential steps in the construction of any algorithm for multi-particle final states is the appropriate analysis of the phase space parametrization.
In the {\tt PHOTOS} Monte Carlo \cite{Barberio:1994qi} for multi-photon production,
an exact phase space parametrization is embodied in ... |
1,477,468,749,936 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Precise and reliable determinations of the charm and bottom quark masses are an important input for
a number of theoretical predictions, such as Higgs branching ratios to charm and bottom quarks or
for the corresponding Yukawa couplings \cite{Heinemeyer:2013tqa, Petrov:2015je... |
1,477,468,749,937 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Although Bell's inequalities \cite{BE64,BE66} are usually
discussed in the context of quantum Bell experiments with spins and
observers, they can be established in a far wider variety of settings. Here
we bring one such example in a rather unexpected field of the theory of
games of incomplete in... |
1,477,468,749,938 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Galois representations are an indispensable tool for analyzing the structure of the absolute Galois group of a number field $F$. One example of considerable interest comes from the fact that $G_F \vcentcolon=\text{Gal}(\bar{F}/F)$ acts (up to inner automorphism) on the algebraic fundamental grou... |
1,477,468,749,939 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The photoinduced production of $\eta$ and $\eta'$ mesons is a
selective probe to study excitations of the nucleon. These mesons
represent the isoscalar members of the fundamental
pseudoscalar-meson nonet and, in contrast to the isovector $\pi$,
excitations with isospin $I = 3/2$... |
1,477,468,749,940 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\emph{Cops and Robber} is probably the most classical combinatorial pursuit-evasion game on graphs.
The robber models an intruder in a network that the cops try to capture.
Two players play with complete information on a fixed finite graph~$G = (V,E)$.
The cop player controls a set of~$k$ cops, e... |
1,477,468,749,941 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Galaxy mergers are believed
to be not just common events in the universe, but also fundamental
pieces in the evolution of galaxies since they trigger bursts of star
formation (Larson \& Tinsley 1978; Sanders \& Mirabel 1996) and they
are a key ingredient in the formation Elliptical Galaxies and ... |
1,477,468,749,942 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
In a prescient paper, \citet{hills88} suggests that a stellar
binary interaction with the Milky Way's central black hole could eject one
member of the binary with a velocity $>1,000$ km s$^{-1}$. \citet{yu03}
further develop Hill's analysis and suggest two additional mechanisms to
eject ``hyp... |
1,477,468,749,943 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
There is considerable investor interest across several
financial contexts in constructing portfolios which mix liquid and illiquid
assets, especially illiquid alternative investments.
We wish to perform strategic asset allocation to asset classes that
include illiquid alternative assets, as w... |
1,477,468,749,944 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Reconnection of a magnetic field is a process in which magnetic field lines
change connection with respect to their sources. In effect, magnetic energy
is converted into kinetic and thermal energies, which accelerate and heat
the plasma. Historically, reconnection was first observed in the
solar ... |
1,477,468,749,945 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we study functions satisfying the following dynamic programming principle (DPP)
\begin{align}\label{dpp} \begin{split}
& \hspace{-0.2em} u_{\epsilon}(x,t) \\
& \hspace{-0.5em} = \frac{1}{2}\sup_{\nu \in S^{n-1}} \hspace{-0.15em}\bigg\{ \alpha u_{\epsilon} \bigg(\hspace{-0.25... |
1,477,468,749,946 | arxiv |
\subsection{Importance of Different Facial Regions}
\label{sec:analysis}
\begin{figure}[t]
\center
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figures/heatmap_illumination_error_bright.pdf}
\caption{Region importance maps and corresponding mean face patches based on a clustering of face patches according to illumination con... |
1,477,468,749,947 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The $q$\nobreakdash-deformations of $\textup{SU}(2)$ for real deformation parameters
$0<q<1$ discovered in~\cite{Woronowicz:Twisted_SU2} are among the
first and most important examples of compact quantum groups. Here we
construct a family of $q$\nobreakdash-deformations of~$\textup{SU}(2)$ for
\... |
1,477,468,749,948 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Single-transverse-spin asymmetries (SSAs) have received much attention in recent years, both experimentally and theoretically. Large SSAs have been consistently observed in various experiments at different collision energies
\cite{SSA-fixed-tgt,SSA-dis,SSA-rhic}. As a consequence of the parity a... |
1,477,468,749,949 | arxiv | \section{Current correlator}
The starting point is the analysis of the three currents correlator in configuration space,
\begin{equation}
\Pi_\mu(x,y,z)=-\langle 0|\,{\cal T}\,\eta_p(x)A_\mu(y)\,\bar\eta_n(z)\,|0\rangle,
\end{equation}
being $\eta_N$ the interpolating current of the nucleons and $A_mu$ the axial-vec... |
1,477,468,749,950 | arxiv | \subsubsection*{\bibname}}
\bibliographystyle{abbrvnat}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\graphicspath{{./Figures/}}
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\gappto{\UrlBreaks}{\UrlOrds}
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\typeout{(#1)}
\@addtofilelist{#1}
\IfFileExists{#1}{}{\typeout{No fi... |
1,477,468,749,951 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Graphene is a unique material
since its electron motion is governed by a special equation
similar to the relativistic massless Dirac
equation, while a nonrelativistic equation is common
in condensed matter physics.~\cite{novoselov05,zhang05}
The electron motion is modified by
the electron-p... |
1,477,468,749,952 | arxiv |
\subsection{Elementary functional analytic results}
Recall the definition of the Banach space $\ell^1_\nu$ given in \eqref{eq:ell_nu_one}.
\begin{lem}\label{l:dualbound}
The dual space $(\ell^1_\nu)^*$ is isometrically isomorphic to
\[
\ell_{\nu^{-1}}^\infty = \left\{ c = (c_k)_{k \ge 0} :
\left\| c \right\|_{\in... |
1,477,468,749,953 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Automatic Emotion Recognition is an area of research that has been active for many decades. Researchers are not only trying to mimic human logical-mathematical intelligence but have been for many years now trying to explore emotional functions.
However, despite many impressive results in terms o... |
1,477,468,749,954 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Traditional power grids consume fossil fuels to generate electricity and transmit electricity over long distances, which results in quick depletion of fossil fuel resources and serious environmental pollution. This motivates the study of distributed microgrids (MGs), which can efficiently realize... |
1,477,468,749,955 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
By the end of the twentieth century, quantum groups have started to draw great attention at the fields of mathematics and mathematical physics. Quantum groups was first defined in \cite{9}. After short time, quantum groups were generalized to quantum super groups which leads to an innovative m... |
1,477,468,749,956 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) $\chi$
arising in several extensions of
the Standard Model of electroweak interactions
are one of the leading candidates for Dark Matter.
Currently,
direct searches for different candidates for WIMP Dark Matter
based on measuring recoil energy
... |
1,477,468,749,957 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The tree-depth of a graph $G$ is the smallest size of a set $\{1,\dots,n\}$ of labels with which the vertices of $G$ may be labeled so that any path between two vertices with the same label contains a vertex receiving a higher label. Equivalently, the tree-depth is the minimum number of steps nee... |
1,477,468,749,958 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have discovered a neutral
spinless particle that closely matches the description of the Higgs
boson~\cite{Aad:2012tfa,Chatrchyan:2012ufa} which is responsible for
masses of elementary particles, according
to the ... |
1,477,468,749,959 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Deep submillimeter surveys provide a probe of galaxies which is almost
independent of luminosity for a wide redshift range $1\,{<}\,z\,{<}\,5$,
because of the negative K-correction in the infrared (e.g.~\citealp{blain2002}). The Submillimeter Common User
Bolometer Array (SCUBA; \citealp{hollan... |
1,477,468,749,960 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The existence of Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), a deconfined strongly interacting matter, which
was predicted by lattice Quantum Chromo Dynamics calculations (see, e.g,
Ref~\cite{Ratti:2018ksb} for a recent review), is now routinely produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions at BNL Relativisti... |
1,477,468,749,961 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
AM CVn stars are short-period binary stars in which a white dwarf accretes helium-rich material from a low-mass donor star. Their orbital periods ranges between 5 - 65 minutes \citep{2003MNRAS.340.1214P}, \citep{2010PASP..122.1133S}.
The AM CVn stars are rare and unusual obje... |
1,477,468,749,962 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The aim of the MODEST collaboration \citep{article:modest1} is to model and
understand dense stellar systems,
which requires a good understanding of what happens when two single stars or binary
systems undergo a close encounter. A possible outcome of such an encounter is a
collision followed by t... |
1,477,468,749,963 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
When releasing information publicly from a database or sharing data with collaborators, data collectors are always concerned about exposing sensitive personal information of individuals who contribute to the data. Even with key identifiers removed, data users may still id... |
1,477,468,749,964 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Half-BPS codimension two defect operators form a rich class of observables in supersymmetric quantum field theories. Their vacuum expectation values, as those of all defect operators, are diagnostic tools to identify the phase of the quantum field theory \cite{Wilson:1974sk,tHooft:1977nqb,Gukov:2... |
1,477,468,749,965 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Manin's conjecture}
Manin's conjecture \cite{MR89m:11060} predicts an asymptotic formula for the
number of rational points of bounded height on Fano varieties. Its most
classical version is the following: let $X$ be a smooth Fano variety over
$\mathbb{Q}$ whose set of rational point... |
1,477,468,749,966 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The holographic principle~\cite{Tho93, Sus95, Bou02} posits that quantum theories of gravity are holographic: quantum gravity in~$(d+1)$ dimensions (hereafter referred to as the ``bulk'' theory) is dual to a lower-dimensional theory in~$d$ dimensions (the ``boundary''). Within... |
1,477,468,749,967 | arxiv | \section*{Nomenclature}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Nomenclature}
\begin{IEEEdescription}[\IEEEusemathlabelsep\IEEEsetlabelwidth{$V_1,V_2,1$}]
\item[$k$] Time-slot
\item[$\mathcal{K}$] Set of time-slots $k$
\item[$x^\mathrm{j,PV}_{k}$] PV generation at time ${k}$, user ${j}$
\item[$x^\mathrm{j,Batt}... |
1,477,468,749,968 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
The recent emergence of spin-orbit torque (SOT)\cite{Miron2011nat,brataas2014natnano,gambardella2011philtrans}
from pure spin currents, has opened a new avenue for the controlled manipulation of magnetic moments in spintronic devices resulting in dramatically improved efficiency\cite{liu2012sci... |
1,477,468,749,969 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The Calabi complex is a differential complex that was introduced in by
E.~Calabi in 1961~\cite{calabi}. It has an extended pre-history, though.
One way to characterize it is as a canonical formal compatibility
complex (the \emph{second Spencer sequence}) of the Killing equation o... |
1,477,468,749,970 | arxiv | \section{Introduction }
%
Since 1991, when Gunstensen and Rothman \cite{Gunstensen} invented the technique, several
multi-component lattice Boltzmann equation (MCLBE) variants have developed to address different flow regimes
\cite{Succi, Kruger, Huang}. The idea remains a milestone of statistical physics,
howeve... |
1,477,468,749,971 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{section_intro}}
Atomically thin group-VIB transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have emerged as a class of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors with exciting optical properties. The monolayers feature direct band gaps in the visible frequency range \cite{mak2010atomically,splendiani2010emer... |
1,477,468,749,972 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Internet gradually becomes the unified network infrastructure
for all our communication and business needs. Large enterprises, in
particular, rely increasingly on Internet-based Virtual Private
Networks (VPNs) that typically interconnect several, possibly
remote, sites via a wide-area networ... |
1,477,468,749,973 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{S:Introduction}
Let $G$ be a connected reductive algebraic group.
A normal algebraic variety $X$ is called a spherical
$G$-variety if there exists an algebraic action
$G\times X\rightarrow X$ such that the restriction
of the action to a Borel subgroup $B$ of $G$ has
an open orbit in ... |
1,477,468,749,974 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
{\it Binary differential equations} (BDE) widely appear
in several geometric problems.
A BDE in two variables $x, y$
has the form
\begin{equation}\label{bde}
a(x,y)\, dy^2+2 b(x,y) \, dx dy + c(x,y) \, dx^2=0
\end{equation}
with smooth functions $a, b, c$ of $x, y$.
It is regarded as a smoo... |
1,477,468,749,975 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The behaviour of dynamical systems on complex networks has been studied from a variety of viewpoints over the past 30 years, and a variety of tools have been developed to understand cooperative and competitive processes on the network. This is true in many application areas, but particularly in ... |
1,477,468,749,976 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well-known that modern differential geometry explains explicitly the
dynamics of Hamiltonians. Therefore, if $Q$ is an $m$-dimensional
configuration manifold and $\mathbf{H}:T^{\ast }Q\rightarrow \mathbf{R}$%
\textbf{\ }is a regular Hamiltonian function, then there is a unique vector
field... |
1,477,468,749,977 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As pointed out by Svante Janson in his seminal work \cite{Janson01}, in many random combinatorial problems, the interesting statistic is the sum of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.)\ random variables conditioned on some exogenous integer-valued random variable. In general, the exo... |
1,477,468,749,978 | arxiv | \section{Executive Summary}
\subsection{Introduction}
The discovery of charmonium in the November revolution of 1974 was a
watershed moment in the establishment of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) as
the fundamental field theory of the strong force and, more generally, in
the establishment of the Standard Model of parti... |
1,477,468,749,979 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro}
\subsection{Background}
Let $M$ be a $2$--dimensional surface with boundary. A map from $M$ to a Riemannian manifold $N$ is said to span a given collection $\Gamma\subset N$ of Jordan curves if its restriction to $\partial M$ is a weakly monotone parametrization of $\Gamma$. Con... |
1,477,468,749,980 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The presence of dusty disks around main-sequence stars serves as a marker for the existence of planetesimals. Without collisions among planetesimals, or their evaporation, the dust would not be replenished, and it would have disappeared from the system long ago. Thus, debris disks indicate that ... |
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