text stringlengths 57 1.72k | relation stringclasses 125
values | h dict | t dict |
|---|---|---|---|
in vitro binding of porcine 125i-insulin to membranes of dendrodendritic synaptosomes isolated from adult rat olfactory bulbs was studied to test the hypothesis that dendrodendritic synapses are major insulin-receptive sites in the external plexiform layer of olfactory bulbs . | NA | {
"id": "C0724601",
"name": "porcine",
"pos": [
20,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
201,
208
]
} |
most anti-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ( achr ) antibodies in myasthenia gravis are directed against an immunodominant epitope or epitopes [ main immunogenic region ( mir ) ] on the achr alpha-subunit . | NA | {
"id": "C0034830",
"name": "nicotinic acetylcholine receptor",
"pos": [
10,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0034792",
"name": "achr",
"pos": [
186,
190
]
} |
most anti-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ( achr ) antibodies in myasthenia gravis are directed against an immunodominant epitope or epitopes [ main immunogenic region ( mir ) ] on the achr alpha-subunit . | NA | {
"id": "C0079600",
"name": "immunodominant epitope",
"pos": [
108,
130
]
} | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitopes",
"pos": [
134,
142
]
} |
on the other hand , gabab receptor binding , which was noncompetitively inhibited by guanine nucleotides such as gtp , guanosine 5'- ( 3-o-thio ) triphosphate ( gtp gamma s ) , guanosine 5'- ( beta , gamma-imido ) triphosphate [ gpp ( nh ) p ] , and gdp , was competitively inhibited by ( - ) -baclofen . | NA | {
"id": "C0018353",
"name": "gtp",
"pos": [
113,
116
]
} | {
"id": "C0079469",
"name": "gtp gamma s",
"pos": [
161,
172
]
} |
on the other hand , gabab receptor binding , which was noncompetitively inhibited by guanine nucleotides such as gtp , guanosine 5'- ( 3-o-thio ) triphosphate ( gtp gamma s ) , guanosine 5'- ( beta , gamma-imido ) triphosphate [ gpp ( nh ) p ] , and gdp , was competitively inhibited by ( - ) -baclofen . | NA | {
"id": "C0018353",
"name": "gtp",
"pos": [
113,
116
]
} | {
"id": "C0018366",
"name": "gpp ( nh ) p",
"pos": [
229,
241
]
} |
in addition , gaba and ( - ) -baclofen induced an increase of gtpase activity in the p2 fraction , and this increase was also eliminated by treatment with iap . | NA | {
"id": "C0016904",
"name": "gaba",
"pos": [
14,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0004609",
"name": "baclofen",
"pos": [
30,
38
]
} |
in this report , we show that the activity of the adenovirus e1a enhancer element is suppressed in virus-infected undifferentiated rodent fetal fibroblast cells ( cref and f111 cells ) and primary rat liver hepatocytes that have lost their fully differentiated phenotype ( dedifferentiated ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblast",
"pos": [
144,
154
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
177,
182
]
} |
an in vitro quantitation of the nuclear proteins ( from hela and cref cells ) that interact with and modulate the activity of the e1a enhancer revealed similar binding activities for the e2f and atf proteins . | NA | {
"id": "C0028589",
"name": "nuclear proteins",
"pos": [
32,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
199,
207
]
} |
in the process of determining which viral protein adheres to the in vivo target cell in rotavirus infection , the mammalian enterocyte , we found that a similar 35-kilodalton rhesus rotavirus ( rrv ) protein bound to both ma104 cells and murine enterocytes . | NA | {
"id": "C0042736",
"name": "viral",
"pos": [
36,
41
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
200,
207
]
} |
the 72-kilodalton adenovirus dna-binding protein ( dbp ) binds to single-stranded dna as well as to rna and double-stranded dna and is essential for the replication of viral dna . | NA | {
"id": "C0012935",
"name": "single-stranded",
"pos": [
66,
81
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "double-stranded dna",
"pos": [
108,
127
]
} |
dbp binds to linear dna as well as to circular dna , while linear dna containing the adenovirus terminal protein was also recognized . | NA | {
"id": "C0012925",
"name": "circular dna",
"pos": [
38,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
66,
69
]
} |
to study whether the binding of dbp could influence initiation of dna replication , we analyzed the effect of dbp on the binding of nuclear factor i ( nfi ) and nfiii , two sequence-specific origin-recognizing proteins that enhance initiation . | NA | {
"id": "C0012940",
"name": "dbp",
"pos": [
32,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0069116",
"name": "nuclear factor i",
"pos": [
132,
148
]
} |
to study whether the binding of dbp could influence initiation of dna replication , we analyzed the effect of dbp on the binding of nuclear factor i ( nfi ) and nfiii , two sequence-specific origin-recognizing proteins that enhance initiation . | NA | {
"id": "C0012940",
"name": "dbp",
"pos": [
32,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
210,
218
]
} |
at subsaturating levels of nfi , dbp increases the rate of binding of nfi considerably , while no effect was seen on nfiii . | NA | {
"id": "C0012940",
"name": "dbp",
"pos": [
33,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0069116",
"name": "nfi",
"pos": [
117,
120
]
} |
this stimulation of nfi binding is specific for dbp and was not observed with another protein ( nfiv ) , which forms a similar dna-multimeric protein complex . | NA | {
"id": "C0069116",
"name": "nfi",
"pos": [
20,
23
]
} | {
"id": "C0012940",
"name": "dbp",
"pos": [
48,
51
]
} |
this stimulation of nfi binding is specific for dbp and was not observed with another protein ( nfiv ) , which forms a similar dna-multimeric protein complex . | NA | {
"id": "C0012940",
"name": "dbp",
"pos": [
48,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
142,
149
]
} |
in agreement with enhanced nfi binding , dbp stimulates initiation of adenovirus dna replication in vitro especially strongly at subsaturating nfi concentrations . | NA | {
"id": "C0012940",
"name": "dbp",
"pos": [
41,
44
]
} | {
"id": "C0069116",
"name": "nfi",
"pos": [
143,
146
]
} |
we explain our results by assuming that dbp forms a complex with origin dna that promotes formation of an alternative dna structure , thereby facilitating the binding of nfi as well as the initiation of dna replication via nfi . | NA | {
"id": "C0012940",
"name": "dbp",
"pos": [
40,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0069116",
"name": "nfi",
"pos": [
223,
226
]
} |
antigenic similarities of vp4 epitopes between the gottfried strain and human rotaviruses were detected by a plaque reduction neutralization test with hyperimmune antisera produced against the gottfried strain or a gottfried ( 10 genes ) x human ds-1 rotavirus ( vp7 gene ) reassortant which exhibited serotype 2 neutralization specificity . | NA | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigenic",
"pos": [
0,
9
]
} | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitopes",
"pos": [
30,
38
]
} |
the v-erba protein , therefore , is another member of the newly recognized family of eucaryotic transcription factors and related polypeptides which are glycoproteins . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
11,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0040648",
"name": "transcription factors",
"pos": [
96,
117
]
} |
high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the proteolysis products showed the appearance of insulin and smaller peptides with no proinsulin conversion intermediates . | NA | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
101,
108
]
} | {
"id": "C0033362",
"name": "proinsulin",
"pos": [
138,
148
]
} |
the average weight of subjects was 3.55 kg , versus a mean overall birth weight of 3.23 kg . | NA | {
"id": "C0005910",
"name": "weight",
"pos": [
12,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0005612",
"name": "birth weight",
"pos": [
67,
79
]
} |
rat skin treated with greater than or equal to 10 ( -7 ) m epinephrine ( 33 times less than the 1:200,000 used clinically ) or greater than or equal to 10 ( -5 ) m norepinephrine showed a significant increase in the ldh released at 6 hours versus controls ( 18.75 +/- 1.25 versus 13.75 +/- 1.25 and 29.25 +/- 2.96 versus 22.00 +/- 1.96 iv , respectively ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
59,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
164,
178
]
} |
the technology of shock wave therapy of gallbladder stones will be improved in the future , for example the efficacy of stone fragmentation while maintaining a low level of discomfort for the patient . | NA | {
"id": "C0008350",
"name": "gallbladder stones",
"pos": [
40,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0006736",
"name": "stone",
"pos": [
120,
125
]
} |
to investigate the regulation of serum levels of cholesterol precursor sterols and plant sterols , these noncholesterol sterols , fatty acids , and various parameters of cholesterol metabolism were analyzed in 63 volunteers from a randomly selected finnish male population sample of 100 subjects , aged 50 years , who had normal dietary habits . | NA | {
"id": "C0031866",
"name": "plant sterols",
"pos": [
83,
96
]
} | {
"id": "C0038323",
"name": "sterols",
"pos": [
120,
127
]
} |
the same treatment was given to six patients who had refractory anemia with an excess of myeloblasts ( raeb ) , but no improvement was observed in any of these patients . | NA | {
"id": "C0002893",
"name": "refractory anemia",
"pos": [
53,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0002894",
"name": "raeb",
"pos": [
103,
107
]
} |
it appears that high-dose methylprednisolone can be valuable in the treatment of refractory anemia , but is not useful for raeb . | NA | {
"id": "C0002893",
"name": "refractory anemia",
"pos": [
81,
98
]
} | {
"id": "C0002894",
"name": "raeb",
"pos": [
123,
127
]
} |
purpose : to identify advances in drug therapy for inflammatory bowel disease , and to evaluate the effectiveness of the new agents in treating both ulcerative colitis and crohn disease . | NA | {
"id": "C0021390",
"name": "inflammatory bowel disease",
"pos": [
51,
77
]
} | {
"id": "C0010346",
"name": "crohn disease",
"pos": [
172,
185
]
} |
the purpose of this study was to document whether patients with ruptured ectopic pregnancy manifest a tachycardic response to hypotension and to define the relationship between hemodynamic response and blood loss resulting from hemoperitoneum . | NA | {
"id": "C0019080",
"name": "blood loss",
"pos": [
202,
212
]
} | {
"id": "C0019065",
"name": "hemoperitoneum",
"pos": [
228,
242
]
} |
chromosome analysis in short-term lines of three primary and seven metastatic malignant melanomas showed aneuploid karyotypes with recurrent abnormalities of chromosomes 1 ( five cell lines ) , 6 ( nine cell lines ) , and 7 ( six cell lines ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0002938",
"name": "aneuploid",
"pos": [
105,
114
]
} | {
"id": "C0008626",
"name": "abnormalities of",
"pos": [
141,
157
]
} |
one was a neutral aqueous solution of sodium fluoride containing 2 % w/w of fluoride , and the second was an aqueous solution of two amine fluorides containing 1 % w/w of fluoride . | NA | {
"id": "C0037508",
"name": "sodium fluoride",
"pos": [
38,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0016327",
"name": "fluoride",
"pos": [
171,
179
]
} |
enamel treated with the amine f solution had significantly higher fluoride uptakes at all sites compared to the naf-treated specimens . | NA | {
"id": "C0016327",
"name": "fluoride",
"pos": [
66,
74
]
} | {
"id": "C0037508",
"name": "naf",
"pos": [
112,
115
]
} |
to examine the kinetics of t cell subset infiltration and distribution in situ after adoptive transfer , we applied the avidin-biotin-peroxidase labeling technique to thyroid sections , utilizing rat monoclonal antibodies followed by a biotinylated rabbit anti-rat antibody . | NA | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "monoclonal antibodies",
"pos": [
200,
221
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
265,
273
]
} |
while demonstrating that the cdw26 antigen-mediated pathway of activation is not dependent on one unique epitope , our results suggest that the ta1 glycoprotein can mediate t cell activation directly , suggesting that it may be associated with an important cellular component of the human t cell regulatory network . | NA | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigen",
"pos": [
35,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitope",
"pos": [
105,
112
]
} |
synthetic immunogens constructed from t-cell and b-cell stimulating peptides ( t : b chimeras ) : preferential stimulation of unique t- and b-cell specificities is influenced by immunogen configuration . | NA | {
"id": "C0042213",
"name": "synthetic immunogens",
"pos": [
0,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "immunogen",
"pos": [
178,
187
]
} |
the expression of cd11b ( cr3 , complement receptor type three ) , cd16 ( fcr , fc igg receptor ) , and cd35 ( cr1 , complement receptor type one ) on neutrophils obtained from thermally injured patients was examined using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry . | NA | {
"id": "C0079785",
"name": "cr3",
"pos": [
26,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0034793",
"name": "complement receptor",
"pos": [
117,
136
]
} |
the present report presents data showing that p107 , the major epitope of the ebv-encoded ebna-1 antigen , cross-reacts with denatured collagen ( dc ) and keratin ( k ) , suggesting a new likely link among ra , ebv-1 , and these autoantigens . | NA | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitope",
"pos": [
63,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigen",
"pos": [
233,
240
]
} |
in contrast , all of the five different cell lines capable of both spontaneous and experimental metastasis ( sem ) , produced p54 either constitutively or through induction by growth on ecm protein substrata of either laminin of fibronectin , but not collagen type iv . | NA | {
"id": "C0079323",
"name": "ecm protein",
"pos": [
186,
197
]
} | {
"id": "C0022984",
"name": "laminin",
"pos": [
218,
225
]
} |
in contrast , all of the five different cell lines capable of both spontaneous and experimental metastasis ( sem ) , produced p54 either constitutively or through induction by growth on ecm protein substrata of either laminin of fibronectin , but not collagen type iv . | NA | {
"id": "C0079323",
"name": "ecm protein",
"pos": [
186,
197
]
} | {
"id": "C0016055",
"name": "fibronectin",
"pos": [
229,
240
]
} |
systemic administration of swainsonine , an indolizidine alkaloid , inhibits the experimental metastasis of b16-f10 murine melanoma cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0085535",
"name": "swainsonine",
"pos": [
27,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C0002062",
"name": "alkaloid",
"pos": [
57,
65
]
} |
this technique results in overall elongations of more than 30 cm in the lower limbs , which makes it highly effective in the correction of short stature ( achondroplasia , osteochondrodysplasia , hypopituitarism , turner 's syndrome ) and severe limb length discrepancy . | NA | {
"id": "C0013336",
"name": "short stature",
"pos": [
139,
152
]
} | {
"id": "C0001080",
"name": "achondroplasia",
"pos": [
155,
169
]
} |
eskimos with spondylolysis were significantly more likely to have an associated spondylolisthesis than athabascans with spondylolysis . | NA | {
"id": "C0038016",
"name": "spondylolisthesis",
"pos": [
80,
97
]
} | {
"id": "C0038018",
"name": "spondylolysis",
"pos": [
120,
133
]
} |
symptoms in the eskimo population related to spondylolysis and associated spondylolisthesis rarely warrant surgical intervention . | NA | {
"id": "C0038018",
"name": "spondylolysis",
"pos": [
45,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0038016",
"name": "spondylolisthesis",
"pos": [
74,
91
]
} |
cig-b is the same as tgf-beta ii , which was sequenced soon after cif-b was discovered and characterized . | NA | {
"id": "C0040690",
"name": "tgf-beta",
"pos": [
21,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0079441",
"name": "cif-b",
"pos": [
66,
71
]
} |
stored articular cartilage chondrocytes demonstrated cellular changes associated with aging , whereas in vivo articular cartilage chondrocytes demonstrated changes associated with degeneration . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cellular",
"pos": [
53,
61
]
} | {
"id": "C0225369",
"name": "chondrocytes",
"pos": [
130,
142
]
} |
eleven patients with positive studies developed serious arrhythmias ( multiple premature ventricular beats or atrial fibrillation ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0003811",
"name": "arrhythmias",
"pos": [
56,
67
]
} | {
"id": "C0004238",
"name": "atrial fibrillation",
"pos": [
110,
129
]
} |
the data also suggest that the reduction in alanine in bcaa-enriched amino-acid tpn assists in the lowering of plasma lactate secondary to abnormal septic glucose metabolism . | NA | {
"id": "C0001898",
"name": "alanine",
"pos": [
44,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino-acid",
"pos": [
69,
79
]
} |
levodopa and dopa conjugates which are orally absorbed and metabolized to the active form are under investigation . | NA | {
"id": "C0023570",
"name": "levodopa",
"pos": [
0,
8
]
} | {
"id": "C0013023",
"name": "dopa",
"pos": [
13,
17
]
} |
norepinephrine , epinephrine , dopamine , and dobutamine are the drugs of choice for several specific critical care syndromes , but the properties of each agent and the pathophysiology of the patient are important mediating factors . | NA | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
0,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
17,
28
]
} |
primary cultures of frhc thus provide a promising in vitro model to study the molecular control of proglucagon biosynthesis and gli peptide secretion in the brain . | NA | {
"id": "C0072092",
"name": "proglucagon",
"pos": [
99,
110
]
} | {
"id": "C0014361",
"name": "gli peptide",
"pos": [
128,
139
]
} |
at the end of the infusion , islets were collagenase isolated , and phosphoinositide ( pi ) hydrolysis ( assessed by measuring the increment in [ 3h ] inositol efflux as well as labeled inositol phosphates ) and insulin output in response to a 20-mm glucose challenge were quantitated . | NA | {
"id": "C0021547",
"name": "inositol",
"pos": [
151,
159
]
} | {
"id": "C0021554",
"name": "inositol",
"pos": [
186,
194
]
} |
the presence of multiple sp-encoding mrnas and tachykinin peptides and their regulation by steroid hormones were examined in aps and hypothalami from normal , gonadectomized , and steroid-treated male and female rats . | NA | {
"id": "C0038585",
"name": "sp",
"pos": [
25,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0039241",
"name": "tachykinin",
"pos": [
47,
57
]
} |
sp-encoding mrnas were identified by nuclease protection assays of rna , and tachykinin peptides were identified by combined hplc-ria of tissue extracts , beta- and gamma-preprotachykinin ( ppt ) mrnas and sp , neurokinin a , and neuropeptide gamma peptides were identified in the ap . | NA | {
"id": "C0039241",
"name": "tachykinin",
"pos": [
77,
87
]
} | {
"id": "C0038585",
"name": "sp",
"pos": [
206,
208
]
} |
sp-encoding mrnas were identified by nuclease protection assays of rna , and tachykinin peptides were identified by combined hplc-ria of tissue extracts , beta- and gamma-preprotachykinin ( ppt ) mrnas and sp , neurokinin a , and neuropeptide gamma peptides were identified in the ap . | NA | {
"id": "C0039241",
"name": "tachykinin",
"pos": [
77,
87
]
} | {
"id": "C0038581",
"name": "neurokinin a",
"pos": [
211,
223
]
} |
these results implicate sp and other tachykinins derived from the sp gene as steroid-regulated modulators of ap secretion and possibly reproductive function . | NA | {
"id": "C0039241",
"name": "tachykinins",
"pos": [
37,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C0038585",
"name": "sp",
"pos": [
66,
68
]
} |
to check the validity of the model , metabolism was also estimated from the appearance of labeled metabolites ( glucuronides , sulfates , and i- ) in the medium and the cumulative excretion of t3 and metabolites into the bile . | NA | {
"id": "C0025519",
"name": "metabolism",
"pos": [
37,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0221102",
"name": "excretion",
"pos": [
180,
189
]
} |
grf ( 10 ( -11 ) -10 ( -8 ) m ) -induced release of gh from ap cells was decreased in diabetic rats ( maximum response to 10 ( -8 ) m grf , 401 +/- 60 vs. 618 +/- 41 ng/10 ( 5 ) cells ; p less than 0.01 ) ; | NA | {
"id": "C0037663",
"name": "gh",
"pos": [
52,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C0032016",
"name": "ap",
"pos": [
60,
62
]
} |
by contrast , srif ( 10 ( -7 ) -10 ( -10 ) -induced inhibition of grf ( 10 ( -8 ) m ) -mediated gh release was impaired in ap cells of diabetic rats compared to that in controls ( ic50 , 112 +/- 33 vs. 55 +/- 31 pm ; p less than 0.05 ) associated with a decrease in ap plasma membrane srif receptor concentration ( 63.4 +/- 15.6 vs. 160.3 +/- 13.7 fmol/mg protein ; p less than 0.05 ) , with no change in affinity . | NA | {
"id": "C0037663",
"name": "gh",
"pos": [
96,
98
]
} | {
"id": "C0032016",
"name": "ap",
"pos": [
266,
268
]
} |
a phorbol ester , 12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate ( tpa ) , known to stimulate protein kinase-c activity , at a dose of 4.6 x 10 ( -8 ) m caused a gradual , slowly progressive increase in perfusate ir-anp levels and a more rapid increase in perfusion pressure . | NA | {
"id": "C0031586",
"name": "phorbol ester",
"pos": [
2,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0039654",
"name": "12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate",
"pos": [
18,
55
]
} |
isolated adipose segments were incubated for various periods with insulin ( 10 mu/ml ) , homogenized and centrifuged to obtain a 150,000 x g pellet , and the latter was assayed for the ability to produce [ 3h ] inositol phosphate from phosphatidyl [ 3h ] inositol . | NA | {
"id": "C0021554",
"name": "inositol",
"pos": [
211,
219
]
} | {
"id": "C0021547",
"name": "inositol",
"pos": [
255,
263
]
} |
insulin-like growth factor-ii ( igf-ii ) is the predominant insulin-like growth factor in fetal and neonatal rat serum and tissues . | NA | {
"id": "C0021666",
"name": "igf-ii",
"pos": [
32,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C0037657",
"name": "insulin-like growth",
"pos": [
60,
79
]
} |
the range of inhibitory action varied with peptide structure in a manner characteristic of affinity labels for proteinases suggesting that the target of inhibition was an unidentified proteinase , probably of the cysteinyl type , but different from cathepsins b and l . | NA | {
"id": "C0030940",
"name": "proteinases",
"pos": [
111,
122
]
} | {
"id": "C0030946",
"name": "proteinase",
"pos": [
184,
194
]
} |
the two-dimensional proteinase patterns were very reproducible for isolates analyzed over a certain period of time before expression of some proteinases varied . | NA | {
"id": "C0030946",
"name": "proteinase",
"pos": [
20,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0030940",
"name": "proteinases",
"pos": [
141,
152
]
} |
polyclonal antibodies were produced to the recombinant antigen in rabbits and detected epitopes on elementary bodies in enzyme-linked immunosorbent and indirect microimmunofluorescence assays . | NA | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigen",
"pos": [
55,
62
]
} | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitopes",
"pos": [
87,
95
]
} |
the ability of synthetic lipid a analogs to induce prostaglandin synthesis in macrophages was compared with that of native lipopolysaccharide . | NA | {
"id": "C0023767",
"name": "lipid a",
"pos": [
25,
32
]
} | {
"id": "C0023810",
"name": "lipopolysaccharide",
"pos": [
123,
141
]
} |
however , results of experiments using enzyme-treated erythrocytes and monoclonal antibodies indicate that the four adhesins recognize different epitopes on the dr antigen and thus constitute a family of dr receptor-recognizing bacterial adhesins . | NA | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitopes",
"pos": [
145,
153
]
} | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigen",
"pos": [
164,
171
]
} |
the time courses of cell toxicity appearance in fibroblasts treated with combined ifn-gamma plus lps or ifn-gamma plus il-1 were similar . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "the",
"pos": [
0,
3
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
48,
59
]
} |
the 36,000-molecular-weight antigen ( 36k antigen ) of mycobacterium leprae is a major immunogenic protein carrying common and specific antigenic determinants recognized by antibodies and t cells in leprosy patients . | NA | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigen",
"pos": [
28,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "antigenic determinants",
"pos": [
136,
158
]
} |
these glycoprotein glycans inhibited adhesion of e. coli k99+ st+ to erythrocyte glycoconjugates in vitro , and they protected colostrum-deprived newborn calves against lethal doses of enterotoxigenic e. coli ( 10 ( 10 ) bacteria ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0017968",
"name": "glycoprotein",
"pos": [
6,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0017906",
"name": "glycoconjugates",
"pos": [
81,
96
]
} |
in summarizing , we propose that pbp 1b is present in the membrane-associated area of the cytoplasm , from where proteins ( such as pbp 1b or thioredoxin ) gain access to their specific insertion sites in the envelope . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
113,
121
]
} | {
"id": "C0039938",
"name": "thioredoxin",
"pos": [
142,
153
]
} |
the o-specific polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of pseudomonas aeruginosa nctc 8505 ( iats serotype o:3 ) consists of a tetrasaccharide repeating unit comprising l-rhamnose , n-acetyl-d-glucosamine ( glcnac ) , bacillosamine , and n-acetyl-l-galactosaminuronic acid ( l-galnaca ) ( y . | NA | {
"id": "C0069180",
"name": "o-specific polysaccharide",
"pos": [
4,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0023810",
"name": "lipopolysaccharide",
"pos": [
39,
57
]
} |
evidence that uga is read as a tryptophan codon rather than as a stop codon by mycoplasma pneumoniae , mycoplasma genitalium , and mycoplasma gallisepticum . | NA | {
"id": "C0009221",
"name": "codon",
"pos": [
42,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0242611",
"name": "stop codon",
"pos": [
65,
75
]
} |
selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase ( se-gsh-px , gsh-h2o2 oxidoreductase ec 1.11.1.9 ) is the best characterized selenoprotein in higher animals , but the mechanism whereby selenium becomes incorporated into the enzyme protein remains under investigation . | NA | {
"id": "C0074302",
"name": "selenoprotein",
"pos": [
120,
133
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
226,
233
]
} |
in contrast , the o-linked oligosaccharides in the transferring receptors from both a431 and bewo cell lines are not as highly sialylated and were identified as both the neutral disaccharide galactose-n-acetylgalactosamine and the neutral monosaccharide n-acetylgalactosamine . | NA | {
"id": "C0028959",
"name": "oligosaccharides",
"pos": [
27,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0012611",
"name": "disaccharide",
"pos": [
178,
190
]
} |
these results support the model in which the arsa protein is the catalytic energy transducing component of the anion pump , whereas the integral membrane arsb protein serves as both the anion channel and membrane binding site for the arsa protein . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
50,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C0025252",
"name": "membrane",
"pos": [
204,
212
]
} |
these results indicate that rat liver expresses several molecular forms of ache which have multiple interactions with membranes and that liver is unlikely to be the source of the g4 form of buche present in high concentration in the plasma . | NA | {
"id": "C0001044",
"name": "ache",
"pos": [
75,
79
]
} | {
"id": "C0008429",
"name": "buche",
"pos": [
190,
195
]
} |
analysis of tryptic 32p-phosphopeptides reveals that thr654 , the unique site of pkc-mediated phosphorylation , is not phosphorylated in cytokine-treated cells , but a different , relatively acidic , peptide containing phosphoserine can be detected instead . | NA | {
"id": "C0031684",
"name": "phosphopeptides",
"pos": [
24,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0030956",
"name": "peptide",
"pos": [
200,
207
]
} |
the improved method increased the efficiency of isolating dna ts mutants , which showed a rapid decrease in dna-synthesizing ability after temperature shift-up . | NA | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
58,
61
]
} | {
"id": "C0000702",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
145,
146
]
} |
furthermore , inhibition of thrombin by the arg103 -- -- leu variant occurred at a normal rate in the absence of a glycosaminoglycan and was accelerated by normal concentrations of heparin and dermatan sulfate . | NA | {
"id": "C0017973",
"name": "glycosaminoglycan",
"pos": [
115,
132
]
} | {
"id": "C0019134",
"name": "heparin",
"pos": [
181,
188
]
} |
all of the lys185 variants bound to heparin with decreased affinity but inhibited thrombin at approximately the normal rate in the absence of a glycosaminoglycan . | NA | {
"id": "C0019134",
"name": "heparin",
"pos": [
36,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0017973",
"name": "glycosaminoglycan",
"pos": [
144,
161
]
} |
in immunotitration analyses , the activity in mast cells showed a titration curve exactly identical with that of the purified spleen-type enzyme and almost completely absorbed by an excess amount of antibody against this enzyme , but it remained unchanged after incubation with antibodies against the brain-type enzyme and glutathione s-transferase isozymes thus far purified . | NA | {
"id": "C0014442",
"name": "enzyme",
"pos": [
138,
144
]
} | {
"id": "C0022173",
"name": "isozymes",
"pos": [
349,
357
]
} |
since the apparent heterogeneity of the rfib2 protein was only observable with the secreted , but not the cytoplasmic form , sialylation of o-linked glycans may be essential for , or regulate as a rate-limiting step , the transit of the recombinant protein to the extracellular space . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
46,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0034861",
"name": "recombinant protein",
"pos": [
237,
256
]
} |
in nonspecific transcription assays , partially purified b. mori rna polymerase iii was inhibited by tagetitoxin at concentrations that inhibit escherichia coli rna polymerase ; | NA | {
"id": "C0035680",
"name": "rna polymerase iii",
"pos": [
65,
83
]
} | {
"id": "C0035681",
"name": "rna polymerase",
"pos": [
161,
175
]
} |
we have used primary cultures of bovine luteal cells to examine the effect of angiotensin ii and its receptor antagonist , saralasin , on expression of mrna encoding bfgf as well as on progesterone production and the expression of mrna encoding cholesterol side chain cleavage cytochrome p-450 ( p-450scc ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0003009",
"name": "angiotensin ii",
"pos": [
78,
92
]
} | {
"id": "C0036193",
"name": "saralasin",
"pos": [
123,
132
]
} |
neither angiotensin ii nor saralasin when added alone to the culture medium had any effect on basal progesterone production . | NA | {
"id": "C0003009",
"name": "angiotensin ii",
"pos": [
8,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0036193",
"name": "saralasin",
"pos": [
27,
36
]
} |
this appeared to be receptor-mediated in that although saralasin alone had no effect on lh-stimulated progesterone accumulation , it significantly reversed the inhibition by angiotensin ii . | NA | {
"id": "C0036193",
"name": "saralasin",
"pos": [
55,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0003009",
"name": "angiotensin ii",
"pos": [
174,
188
]
} |
this pattern was mirrored by the levels of mrna encoding p-450scc , i.c. , lh induced the highest levels of expression of this message , these levels were reduced by angiotensin ii , and saralasin partially overcame this reduction . | NA | {
"id": "C0003009",
"name": "angiotensin ii",
"pos": [
166,
180
]
} | {
"id": "C0036193",
"name": "saralasin",
"pos": [
187,
196
]
} |
treatment with saralasin , however , resulted in complete inhibition of bfgf mrna expression in the presence of both lh and angiotensin ii . | NA | {
"id": "C0036193",
"name": "saralasin",
"pos": [
15,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C0003009",
"name": "angiotensin",
"pos": [
124,
135
]
} |
of the three major sulfated glycoconjugates , sulfated glycoprotein ( 17 % of the total 35s-labeled macromolecules ) , heparan sulfate proteoglycan ( 35 % ) , and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan ( 30 % ) synthesized by glomeruli , the cultured mesangial cells synthesized mainly chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan ( more than 90 % ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0017906",
"name": "glycoconjugates",
"pos": [
28,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0017968",
"name": "glycoprotein",
"pos": [
55,
67
]
} |
these characteristics of the chondroitin sulfate h proteoglycans synthesized by the cultured mesangial cells were very similar to those of the proteoglycans synthesized by glomeruli . | NA | {
"id": "C0033689",
"name": "chondroitin sulfate",
"pos": [
29,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C0033692",
"name": "proteoglycans",
"pos": [
143,
156
]
} |
transfer of apolipophorin iii ( apolp-iii ) from donor to acceptor lipoprotein occurs during the reaction to produce a lipid- and apolp-iii-enriched vldlp species and lipid- and apolp-iii-depleted hdlp species . | NA | {
"id": "C0023820",
"name": "lipoprotein",
"pos": [
67,
78
]
} | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipid",
"pos": [
167,
172
]
} |
this ltp-catalyzed disproportionation was observed only with apolp-iii-rich ldlp suggesting that the presence of increased amounts of this apoprotein dramatically affects the properties of the particle and appears to be directly related to the capacity of the lipoprotein to bind lipid . | NA | {
"id": "C0023820",
"name": "lipoprotein",
"pos": [
260,
271
]
} | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipid",
"pos": [
280,
285
]
} |
the alpha-adrenergic receptors mediate the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine on cellular signaling systems via guanine nucleotide binding regulatory proteins ( g-proteins ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
54,
65
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
70,
84
]
} |
three alpha-adrenergic receptor subtypes have been cloned : the alpha 1 , the alpha 2-c10 , and the alpha 2-c4 adrenergic receptors . | NA | {
"id": "C0034784",
"name": "alpha-adrenergic receptor",
"pos": [
6,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C0001639",
"name": "alpha 2",
"pos": [
100,
107
]
} |
to investigate functional differences between the different subtypes , we assessed the ability of each to interact with adenylyl cyclase and polyphosphoinositide metabolism by permanently and transiently expressing the dnas encoding the alpha 1 , the alpha 2-c10 , and the alpha 2-c4 adrenergic receptors in cells lacking endogenous alpha-adrenergic receptors . | NA | {
"id": "C0001639",
"name": "alpha 2",
"pos": [
251,
258
]
} | {
"id": "C0034784",
"name": "alpha-adrenergic receptors",
"pos": [
333,
359
]
} |
inhibition of na , k-atpase and sodium pump by protein kinase c regulators sphingosine , lysophosphatidylcholine , and oleic acid . | NA | {
"id": "C0001473",
"name": "atpase",
"pos": [
21,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0001479",
"name": "sodium pump",
"pos": [
32,
43
]
} |
the effects and modes of action of certain lipid second messengers and protein kinase c regulators , such as sphingosine , lysophosphatidylcholine ( lyso-pc ) , and oleic acid , on na , k-atpase and sodium pump were examined . | NA | {
"id": "C0001473",
"name": "atpase",
"pos": [
188,
194
]
} | {
"id": "C0001479",
"name": "sodium pump",
"pos": [
199,
210
]
} |
inhibition of purified rat brain synaptosome na , k-atpase by these lipid metabolites , unlike that by ouabain , was subject to membrane dilution ( i.e . inhibition being counteracted by increasing amounts of membrane lipids ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipid",
"pos": [
68,
73
]
} | {
"id": "C0025249",
"name": "membrane lipids",
"pos": [
209,
224
]
} |
it is suggested that na , k-atpase ( sodium pump ) might represent an additional target system , besides protein kinase c , for sphingosine and possibly other lipid second messengers . | NA | {
"id": "C0001473",
"name": "atpase",
"pos": [
28,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0001479",
"name": "sodium pump",
"pos": [
37,
48
]
} |
in the basal state , blood glucose and splanchnic glucose production were similar in the two groups . | NA | {
"id": "C0005802",
"name": "blood glucose",
"pos": [
21,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0017725",
"name": "glucose",
"pos": [
50,
57
]
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.