text stringlengths 57 1.72k | relation stringclasses 125
values | h dict | t dict |
|---|---|---|---|
human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i ( htlv-i ) proviral integration status was examined by southern blot analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cell ( pbmc ) dna from patients presenting a tropical spastic paraparesis ( tsp ) and serological evidence of htlv-i infection . | NA | {
"id": "C0030481",
"name": "tropical spastic paraparesis",
"pos": [
194,
222
]
} | {
"id": "C0020097",
"name": "htlv-i infection",
"pos": [
259,
275
]
} |
furthermore , by dilution experiments and hypothesizing that only one copy of htlv-i proviral dna is present in one cell , we estimated that this htlv-i integration is present in 3 % to 15 % of their pbmc . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
116,
120
]
} | {
"id": "C1321301",
"name": "pbmc",
"pos": [
200,
204
]
} |
in addition , the dna at relapse showed a remarkably higher transforming activity than the dna at onset on two independent recipient cell lines . | NA | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
18,
21
]
} | {
"id": "C0000702",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
95,
96
]
} |
the paucity of information on the effect of long-term high-dose salmon calcitonin administration on normal bone mineral metabolism and histology prompted an investigation of the influence of high-dose synthetic calcitonin in the rat . | NA | {
"id": "C0073994",
"name": "salmon",
"pos": [
64,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0006668",
"name": "calcitonin",
"pos": [
211,
221
]
} |
nih3t3 fibroblasts used as control cells passed through the network of the substrate forming a confluent monolayer underneath . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
7,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
35,
40
]
} |
the tachykinin family of neuropeptides , including substance p and neurokinins a and b , induce a transient increase in intracellular free calcium concentration in human small cell lung carcinoma ( sclc ) cells , as measured with a calcium indicator fura-2 . | NA | {
"id": "C0039241",
"name": "tachykinin",
"pos": [
4,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C0038585",
"name": "substance p",
"pos": [
51,
62
]
} |
we also examined the effects of a recently reported bombesin antagonist [ d-arg1 , d-phe5 , d-trp7,9 , leu11 ] substance p in sclc cells , and compared them to those in swiss 3t3 fibroblasts in which the mitogenic effect of bombesin is well characterized . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
131,
136
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
179,
190
]
} |
southern blot analysis of transfectant dna showed that the transforming properties of the chemically induced rat tumor dnas were due to the transfer of an activated h-ras ( 31/34 ) or n-ras ( 3/34 ) gene . | NA | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
39,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0012930",
"name": "tumor dnas",
"pos": [
113,
123
]
} |
microinjection of p34cdc2 kinase induces marked changes in cell shape , cytoskeletal organization , and chromatin structure in mammalian fibroblasts . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
59,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
137,
148
]
} |
the results of this phase i pharmacokinetic study show that toremifene has metabolic and kinetic patterns that are similar to those previously reported with tamoxifen . | NA | {
"id": "C0076836",
"name": "toremifene",
"pos": [
60,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0039286",
"name": "tamoxifen",
"pos": [
157,
166
]
} |
a comparison of intracellular concentrations of daunorubicin , doxorubicin and ara-c in myeloid blast cells was carried out in vivo and in vitro . | NA | {
"id": "C0011015",
"name": "daunorubicin",
"pos": [
48,
60
]
} | {
"id": "C0013089",
"name": "doxorubicin",
"pos": [
63,
74
]
} |
the results showed that incubation with 0.2 microm daunorubicin for 1 h and 0.2 microm doxorubicin for 3 h and continuous exposure to 0.5 microm ara-c gave intracellular concentration curves similar to those obtained in vivo . | NA | {
"id": "C0011015",
"name": "daunorubicin",
"pos": [
51,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C0013089",
"name": "doxorubicin",
"pos": [
87,
98
]
} |
long-term pharmacokinetics of thio-tepa , tepa and total alkylating activity following i.v . bolus administration of thio-tepa in ovarian cancer patients . | NA | {
"id": "C0039533",
"name": "tepa",
"pos": [
35,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0039871",
"name": "thio-tepa",
"pos": [
117,
126
]
} |
the serum pharmacokinetics of unchanged thio-tepa and the active metabolite tepa and the urinary excretion of thio-tepa , tepa and total alkylating activity were studied after a single i.v . bolus injection of thio-tepa in six ovarian cancer patients . | NA | {
"id": "C0039533",
"name": "tepa",
"pos": [
45,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C0039871",
"name": "thio-tepa",
"pos": [
210,
219
]
} |
after about 3 h the serum concentration of tepa exceeded that of thio-tepa , and in five of the six patients the metabolite persisted longer than the parent drug in serum . | NA | {
"id": "C0039533",
"name": "tepa",
"pos": [
43,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0039871",
"name": "thio-tepa",
"pos": [
65,
74
]
} |
aucs of thio-tepa and tepa were 822 +/- 83 and 1,084 +/- 234 ng h/ml , respectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0039871",
"name": "thio-tepa",
"pos": [
8,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0039533",
"name": "tepa",
"pos": [
22,
26
]
} |
the great interindividual variation encountered in the serum pharmacokinetics of tepa may be of clinical importance and represents a further indication that pharmacokinetically guided dosing of thio-tepa could be valuable . | NA | {
"id": "C0039533",
"name": "tepa",
"pos": [
81,
85
]
} | {
"id": "C0039871",
"name": "thio-tepa",
"pos": [
194,
203
]
} |
urinary recoveries of both thio-tepa and tepa were low , together constituting less than 2 % of the delivered dose . | NA | {
"id": "C0039871",
"name": "thio-tepa",
"pos": [
27,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0039533",
"name": "tepa",
"pos": [
41,
45
]
} |
thiotepa and its primary metabolite , tepa , were measured in plasma and urine using a sensitive and specific chromatographic assay . | NA | {
"id": "C0039871",
"name": "thiotepa",
"pos": [
0,
8
]
} | {
"id": "C0039533",
"name": "tepa",
"pos": [
38,
42
]
} |
by 2 h after administration the plasma levels of tepa were similar to those of thiotepa and , in contrast to those of the parent compound , remained at a similar level over the next 4 h . | NA | {
"id": "C0039533",
"name": "tepa",
"pos": [
49,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0039871",
"name": "thiotepa",
"pos": [
79,
87
]
} |
the activities of three human dna metabolizing enzymes -- uracil-dna glycosylase , apurinic/apyrimidinic ( ap ) -dna binding protein ( an ap-dna endonuclease ) and the major cellular deoxyribonuclease ( presumably dnase iii and/or dnase iv ) -- were measured in logarithmic growing ( diploid non-established ) fibroblast strains , tumor-derived cell lines and sv40-transformed cell lines . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cellular",
"pos": [
174,
182
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblast",
"pos": [
310,
320
]
} |
cell extract mixing experiments indicated that the relatively low levels of activity of the three enzymes in normal fibroblasts could not be ascribed to the presence of an inhibitory factor ( s ) in the crude extract . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
0,
4
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
116,
127
]
} |
dna was isolated from skin , lung and liver 24 h following the last application and analyzed for dna adducts using the nuclease p1 version of the 32p-postlabeling assay . | NA | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
0,
3
]
} | {
"id": "C0242958",
"name": "dna adducts",
"pos": [
97,
108
]
} |
a diagonal zone of radioactivity , presumably representing multiple putative dna adducts , was observed for coke-oven , coal-soot- and diesel-modified dna samples . | NA | {
"id": "C0242958",
"name": "dna adducts",
"pos": [
77,
88
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
151,
154
]
} |
circular psv2gpt plasmid dna was linearized by digestion with ecori and reacted with n-ethyl-n-nitrosourea in vitro to a level of about one o6-etgua residue per dna molecule , labeled with 32p , and subsequently incubated with extracts prepared from l929 mouse fibroblasts and with mab er-6 . | NA | {
"id": "C0012925",
"name": "circular",
"pos": [
0,
8
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna molecule",
"pos": [
161,
173
]
} |
in addition , they prevent cholesteryl ester ( ce ) accumulation , the hallmark of human atherosclerosis , in arteries of cholesterol-fed animals by cellular mechanisms that remain undefined . | NA | {
"id": "C0008387",
"name": "cholesteryl ester",
"pos": [
27,
44
]
} | {
"id": "C0008377",
"name": "cholesterol",
"pos": [
122,
133
]
} |
oxidative deamination of allylamine to a highly toxic aldehyde , acrolein , was blocked through enzyme inhibition by semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase suggests that this vascular enzyme 's physiological role may include metabolism of exogenous amines . | NA | {
"id": "C0001992",
"name": "aldehyde",
"pos": [
54,
62
]
} | {
"id": "C0001204",
"name": "acrolein",
"pos": [
65,
73
]
} |
in animal studies , monoclonal antibodies raised against glycoprotein iib/iiia cause an increase in bleeding time , indicative of impaired platelet function , and there is some evidence that these antibodies are more effective at reducing platelet adhesion than anticoagulants or thromboxane synthase inhibitors . | NA | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "monoclonal antibodies",
"pos": [
20,
41
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
197,
207
]
} |
in general , the compounds tested were ineffective in both chronic stable angina and vasospastic angina but caused symptomatic improvement in patients with unstable angina . | NA | {
"id": "C0002963",
"name": "vasospastic angina",
"pos": [
85,
103
]
} | {
"id": "C0002965",
"name": "unstable",
"pos": [
156,
164
]
} |
neither experimental model indicated a defect in accessory cell function at this early stage after hiv infection , although our study does not exclude the possibility of accessory cell dysfunction at a later stage of aids development . | NA | {
"id": "C0019693",
"name": "hiv infection",
"pos": [
99,
112
]
} | {
"id": "C0001175",
"name": "aids",
"pos": [
217,
221
]
} |
igg1 and igg2 are the predominant subclasses of antiphospholipid antibody in women with the lupus anticoagulant . | NA | {
"id": "C0162595",
"name": "antiphospholipid antibody",
"pos": [
48,
73
]
} | {
"id": "C0085240",
"name": "lupus anticoagulant",
"pos": [
92,
111
]
} |
this response contrasted with spontaneously arising autoantibodies accompanying graft-versus-host ( gvh ) disease in the same strain of mice which preferred native nucleoprotein conformations within nuclei , chromatin , or dna-histone complexes . | NA | {
"id": "C0028612",
"name": "nucleoprotein",
"pos": [
164,
177
]
} | {
"id": "C0008546",
"name": "chromatin",
"pos": [
208,
217
]
} |
all of the fractures were open , a majority being gustillo type iii with significant soft-tissue injury , comminution , or segmental bone loss . | NA | {
"id": "C0016658",
"name": "fractures",
"pos": [
11,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0476171",
"name": "comminution",
"pos": [
106,
117
]
} |
sera from 10 subjects in the third trimester of pregnancy and from 10 nonpregnant women were studied to elucidate the mechanism underlying decreased theophylline protein binding during pregnancy . | NA | {
"id": "C0032981",
"name": "third trimester",
"pos": [
29,
44
]
} | {
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancy",
"pos": [
185,
194
]
} |
blood was collected up to 120 hours after diazepam dosing ( still during one-daily omeprazole and placebo administration ) for measurement of diazepam and its major metabolite desmethyldiazepam . | NA | {
"id": "C0012010",
"name": "diazepam",
"pos": [
42,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C0011279",
"name": "desmethyldiazepam",
"pos": [
176,
193
]
} |
the mean plasma concentrations of desmethyldiazepam showed a more rapid formation in the rapid compared with the slow metabolizers , which is a logical consequence of the rate of diazepam metabolism . | NA | {
"id": "C0011279",
"name": "desmethyldiazepam",
"pos": [
34,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0012010",
"name": "diazepam",
"pos": [
179,
187
]
} |
although we could not have predicted the outcome of asthma had these workers left the workplace and ceased isocyanate exposure entirely , occupational asthma persisted despite negligible ongoing tdi exposures . | NA | {
"id": "C0004096",
"name": "asthma",
"pos": [
52,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0264423",
"name": "occupational asthma",
"pos": [
138,
157
]
} |
at entry , 56 percent of the population already had a vascular problem , particularly hypertension , thus emphasizing the need for earlier treatment of the sleep-related abnormal breathing . | NA | {
"id": "C0042373",
"name": "vascular problem",
"pos": [
54,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0020538",
"name": "hypertension",
"pos": [
86,
98
]
} |
the high basic amino acid content and nucleolar staining prompted us to investigate whether the 30 kd protein could be a ribosomal protein . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
102,
109
]
} | {
"id": "C0035552",
"name": "ribosomal protein",
"pos": [
121,
138
]
} |
western immunoblotting analysis of 2d-electrophoretically resolved ribosomal proteins indicated that the 30 kd protein is the ribosomal large subunit protein l7a . | NA | {
"id": "C0035552",
"name": "ribosomal proteins",
"pos": [
67,
85
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
150,
157
]
} |
the protein has an apparent mol . wt of 79,600 +/- 450 daltons , three isoforms ( pis 6.0 , 6.1 and 6.2 ) and two ca2+ binding sites ( kd 5.85 x 10 ( -7 ) m , bmax 0.81 mol ca2+/mol protein and kd 2.85 x 10 ( -6 ) m , bmax 1.87 mol ca2+/mol protein ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0597298",
"name": "isoforms",
"pos": [
71,
79
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
241,
248
]
} |
at the end of the culturing period ( 7 + 5 days ) both the putrescine and spermidine concentrations in the ganglia had increased about 2.5 times , whereas the spermine concentration remained constant . | NA | {
"id": "C0034170",
"name": "putrescine",
"pos": [
59,
69
]
} | {
"id": "C0037871",
"name": "concentrations",
"pos": [
85,
99
]
} |
at the end of the culturing period ( 7 + 5 days ) both the putrescine and spermidine concentrations in the ganglia had increased about 2.5 times , whereas the spermine concentration remained constant . | NA | {
"id": "C0037871",
"name": "concentrations",
"pos": [
85,
99
]
} | {
"id": "C0037874",
"name": "concentration",
"pos": [
168,
181
]
} |
the presence of 10 mm dfmo throughout the culturing period , 7 + 5 days , almost depleted putrescine and prevented the spermidine increase in the ganglia without affecting the regeneration distance . | NA | {
"id": "C0034170",
"name": "putrescine",
"pos": [
90,
100
]
} | {
"id": "C0037871",
"name": "increase",
"pos": [
130,
138
]
} |
because previous studies have failed to show any significant variations in igf levels in peripheral blood during the menstrual cycle , we measured the concentrations of igf-i , igf-ii , and insulin in ovarian and peripheral venous blood samples obtained simultaneously from nine women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy to obtain more detailed data on the ovarian contribution . | NA | {
"id": "C0037657",
"name": "igf",
"pos": [
75,
78
]
} | {
"id": "C0021665",
"name": "igf-i",
"pos": [
177,
182
]
} |
because previous studies have failed to show any significant variations in igf levels in peripheral blood during the menstrual cycle , we measured the concentrations of igf-i , igf-ii , and insulin in ovarian and peripheral venous blood samples obtained simultaneously from nine women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy to obtain more detailed data on the ovarian contribution . | NA | {
"id": "C0037657",
"name": "igf",
"pos": [
75,
78
]
} | {
"id": "C0021666",
"name": "igf-ii",
"pos": [
177,
183
]
} |
fetal rat small intestinal epithelial cells ( from the 14th-17th day of gestation ) were exposed to basement membrane-derived proteins ( laminin , collagen type iv , and a complex basement membrane-enriched extract from the engelbreth-holm-swarm sarcoma ) and other extracellular matrix proteins ( collagen type i and fibronectin ) coated onto petri dishes . | NA | {
"id": "C0022984",
"name": "laminin",
"pos": [
137,
144
]
} | {
"id": "C0079323",
"name": "extracellular matrix proteins",
"pos": [
266,
295
]
} |
fetal rat small intestinal epithelial cells ( from the 14th-17th day of gestation ) were exposed to basement membrane-derived proteins ( laminin , collagen type iv , and a complex basement membrane-enriched extract from the engelbreth-holm-swarm sarcoma ) and other extracellular matrix proteins ( collagen type i and fibronectin ) coated onto petri dishes . | NA | {
"id": "C0079323",
"name": "extracellular matrix proteins",
"pos": [
266,
295
]
} | {
"id": "C0016055",
"name": "fibronectin",
"pos": [
318,
329
]
} |
extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy combined with adjuvant bile-acid dissolution therapy results in complete clearance of stone fragments in a high percentage of selected patients with radiolucent gallbladder calculi . | NA | {
"id": "C0006736",
"name": "stone",
"pos": [
124,
129
]
} | {
"id": "C0008350",
"name": "gallbladder calculi",
"pos": [
199,
218
]
} |
previous studies have shown that the release of melanotropin from frog neurointermediate lobes is under the control of two neuropeptides : thyrotropin-releasing hormone ( trh ) stimulates , while neuropeptide y ( npy ) inhibits alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone ( alpha-msh ) secretion from intact neurointermediate lobes in vitro . | NA | {
"id": "C0026667",
"name": "melanotropin",
"pos": [
48,
60
]
} | {
"id": "C0002302",
"name": "alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone",
"pos": [
228,
264
]
} |
previous studies have shown that the release of melanotropin from frog neurointermediate lobes is under the control of two neuropeptides : thyrotropin-releasing hormone ( trh ) stimulates , while neuropeptide y ( npy ) inhibits alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone ( alpha-msh ) secretion from intact neurointermediate lobes in vitro . | NA | {
"id": "C0027895",
"name": "neuropeptides",
"pos": [
123,
136
]
} | {
"id": "C0027893",
"name": "neuropeptide y",
"pos": [
196,
210
]
} |
the effects of the two neuropeptides were similar to those observed using intact neurointermediate lobes , suggesting that trh and npy act directly on melanotropic cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0027895",
"name": "neuropeptides",
"pos": [
23,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0027893",
"name": "npy",
"pos": [
131,
134
]
} |
in the animals from west end , where free water is absent , circulating levels of lvp averaged 89.2 +/- 19.6 pg/ml , which was significantly higher than the mean level of 35.6 +/- 15.8 pg/ml measured in individuals collected from the lakes site with access to brackish drinking water . | NA | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
42,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0599638",
"name": "drinking water",
"pos": [
269,
283
]
} |
non-competitive binding tests revealed that one of the mcas against fsh beta ( bf3b25 ) bound strongly to intact fsh and its beta subunit , but not fsh alpha , lutropin ( lh ) , lh alpha , and lh beta . | NA | {
"id": "C0023607",
"name": "lutropin",
"pos": [
160,
168
]
} | {
"id": "C0065261",
"name": "lh",
"pos": [
193,
195
]
} |
both cases of mda contained abundant neutral mucins and sialomucins , whereas sulfomucins were rarely detected ; | NA | {
"id": "C0026682",
"name": "mucins",
"pos": [
45,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0074477",
"name": "sialomucins",
"pos": [
56,
67
]
} |
these cells appear to have features similar to several cell types but when cultured assume a fibroblast-like morphology . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
6,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblast",
"pos": [
93,
103
]
} |
however , one patient showed progression from fibrosis to cirrhosis during the 5-yr observation period , and in the patients with extensive fibrosis the liver disease evolved from one of active inflammation to one of inactive cirrhosis without fat or inflammation . | NA | {
"id": "C0023895",
"name": "liver disease",
"pos": [
153,
166
]
} | {
"id": "C0023890",
"name": "cirrhosis",
"pos": [
226,
235
]
} |
in addition , there was a 28 % decrease in mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase in iron-loaded livers but no change in cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase . | NA | {
"id": "C2827577",
"name": "mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase",
"pos": [
43,
79
]
} | {
"id": "C0001985",
"name": "aldehyde dehydrogenase",
"pos": [
129,
151
]
} |
these results provide the first electrophysiological evidence for intact regulation of sympathetic neural outflow in a patient with dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency and suggest that central norepinephrine and epinephrine pathways believed essential for the control of sympathetic neurotransmission in humans may be supplanted by alternative redundant mechanisms . | NA | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
194,
208
]
} | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
213,
224
]
} |
treatment of cardiocytes for 24 hours with either the calcium ionophore a23187 or the phorbol ester 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate increased anf secretion . | NA | {
"id": "C0031586",
"name": "phorbol ester",
"pos": [
86,
99
]
} | {
"id": "C0039654",
"name": "12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate",
"pos": [
100,
136
]
} |
in nonhydrolysed urine , monoacetylated hda ( n-acetyl-1,6-hexamethylene diamine ) and hda , were verified as heptafluorobutyric anhydride derivatives by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( gc-ms ) , in a chemical ionization mode using isobutane and ammonia as reagent gases . | NA | {
"id": "C0002607",
"name": "ammonia",
"pos": [
253,
260
]
} | {
"id": "C0017110",
"name": "gases",
"pos": [
272,
277
]
} |
glycyl-trna synthetase is one of two aminoacyl-trna synthetases in escherichia coli that is comprised of heterologous subunits which are organized in an alpha 2 beta 2 quaternary structure . | NA | {
"id": "C0017983",
"name": "glycyl-trna synthetase",
"pos": [
0,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0002529",
"name": "aminoacyl-trna synthetases",
"pos": [
37,
63
]
} |
in particular , a deletion of 306 amino acids from the cooh terminus of the beta subunit has little effect on the km parameter for atp or glycine in the pyrophosphate exchange reaction . | NA | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acids",
"pos": [
34,
45
]
} | {
"id": "C0017890",
"name": "glycine",
"pos": [
138,
145
]
} |
a major energy source in brain is glucose , which is committed to metabolism by hexokinase ( type i isozyme ) , an enzyme usually considered to be bound to the outer mitochondrial membrane . | NA | {
"id": "C0022173",
"name": "isozyme",
"pos": [
100,
107
]
} | {
"id": "C0014442",
"name": "enzyme",
"pos": [
115,
121
]
} |
injection of the mrna synthesized in vitro from the cloned cdna into xenopus oocytes elicited electrophysiological responses to tachykinins , with the most potent sensitivity being to neuromedin k . | NA | {
"id": "C0039241",
"name": "tachykinins",
"pos": [
128,
139
]
} | {
"id": "C0027847",
"name": "neuromedin k",
"pos": [
184,
196
]
} |
ligand-binding displacement in membranes of mammalian cos cells transfected with the cdna indicated the rank order of affinity of the receptor to tachykinins : neuromedin k greater than substance k greater than substance p . | NA | {
"id": "C0039241",
"name": "tachykinins",
"pos": [
146,
157
]
} | {
"id": "C0027847",
"name": "neuromedin k",
"pos": [
160,
172
]
} |
ligand-binding displacement in membranes of mammalian cos cells transfected with the cdna indicated the rank order of affinity of the receptor to tachykinins : neuromedin k greater than substance k greater than substance p . | NA | {
"id": "C0039241",
"name": "tachykinins",
"pos": [
146,
157
]
} | {
"id": "C0038581",
"name": "substance k",
"pos": [
186,
197
]
} |
ligand-binding displacement in membranes of mammalian cos cells transfected with the cdna indicated the rank order of affinity of the receptor to tachykinins : neuromedin k greater than substance k greater than substance p . | NA | {
"id": "C0039241",
"name": "tachykinins",
"pos": [
146,
157
]
} | {
"id": "C0038585",
"name": "substance p",
"pos": [
211,
222
]
} |
three isozymes of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase ( pyrocatechase ) , alpha alpha , alpha beta , and beta beta , from pseudomonas arvilla c-1 . | NA | {
"id": "C0599874",
"name": "dioxygenase",
"pos": [
31,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0054859",
"name": "pyrocatechase",
"pos": [
45,
58
]
} |
three isozymes of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase ( pyrocatechase ) from pseudomonas arvilla c-1 were separated using deae-toyopearl chromatography . | NA | {
"id": "C0599874",
"name": "dioxygenase",
"pos": [
31,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0054859",
"name": "pyrocatechase",
"pos": [
45,
58
]
} |
taken together , the in vitro and in vivo results suggest that calpain is involved primarily in the conversion of the pkc isozymes to the irreversibly activated pkm forms , and that the neutral serine proteinase may be the enzyme responsible for down-regulation , possibly via pkm as an intermediate . | NA | {
"id": "C0022173",
"name": "isozymes",
"pos": [
122,
130
]
} | {
"id": "C0014442",
"name": "enzyme",
"pos": [
223,
229
]
} |
tryptophan binding was not detectable by equilibrium dialysis for most of the mutant proteins , but this activity was measurable for several of the altered proteins by monitoring the fluorescence decrease associated with the displacement of 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate from the tryptophan-binding site ( chou , w.-y. , and matthews , k. s. ( 1989 ) j. biol . chem . 264 , 18314-18319 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C1564139",
"name": "mutant proteins",
"pos": [
78,
93
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
156,
164
]
} |
5'- ( n-ethyl ) carboxamidoadenosine ( neca ) , an analog of adenosine , transiently stimulated a rat tumor mast cell ( rbl-2h3 cells ) to cause a release of inositol phosphates and an increase in levels of ca2+ in the cytosol . | NA | {
"id": "C0050789",
"name": "neca",
"pos": [
39,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0001443",
"name": "adenosine",
"pos": [
61,
70
]
} |
the effects of other agents that act on p1- or p2-purinergic receptors suggested that neca and other adenosine agonists acted via a novel subtype of adenosine membrane receptor . | NA | {
"id": "C0050789",
"name": "neca",
"pos": [
86,
90
]
} | {
"id": "C0001443",
"name": "adenosine",
"pos": [
149,
158
]
} |
features of gene conversions generalized from this molecular history are 1 ) conversions are restricted to regions maintaining high degrees of sequence similarity , 2 ) one gene may dominate in converting another gene , 3 ) sequences involved in conversions may accumulate changes more rapidly than expected , and 4 ) certain elements , such as polypurine/polypyrimidine [ y ) n ) and ( tg ) n elements , appear to be hotspots for initiating or terminating conversion events . | NA | {
"id": "C0013879",
"name": "elements",
"pos": [
326,
334
]
} | {
"id": "C0028158",
"name": "n elements",
"pos": [
392,
402
]
} |
this enzyme hydrolyzed the xylosyl serine linkage of the linkage region of various glycosaminoglycans , that is chondroitin sulfate , dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate , all possessing a very small peptide segment , but not proteoglycans . | NA | {
"id": "C0017973",
"name": "glycosaminoglycans",
"pos": [
83,
101
]
} | {
"id": "C0019143",
"name": "heparan sulfate",
"pos": [
155,
170
]
} |
ornithine aminotransferase ( l-ornithine:2-oxo-acid aminotransferase ( ec 2.6.1.13 ) ) has been purified to homogeneity from last instar larvae of the tobacco hornworm , manduca sexta ( sphingidae ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0029278",
"name": "ornithine aminotransferase",
"pos": [
0,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0002594",
"name": "aminotransferase",
"pos": [
52,
68
]
} |
conservative amino acid substitutions often can be expected to cause minimal structural alterations , but the properties of protein surfaces and the mechanisms of protein folding that accommodate length variation without loss of function are not understood . | NA | {
"id": "C0025252",
"name": "protein surfaces",
"pos": [
124,
140
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
163,
170
]
} |
the data suggest that in abl , the assembly of apob-containing lipoproteins is defective and that apob-100 may be secreted without its full lipid complement when complexed with apo ( a ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0003593",
"name": "apob",
"pos": [
47,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0205666",
"name": "apob-100",
"pos": [
98,
106
]
} |
the data suggest that in abl , the assembly of apob-containing lipoproteins is defective and that apob-100 may be secreted without its full lipid complement when complexed with apo ( a ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0023820",
"name": "lipoproteins",
"pos": [
63,
75
]
} | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipid",
"pos": [
140,
145
]
} |
the synthesis of a major collagen-binding heat-shock protein of molecular weight 47,000 ( hsp47 ) was shown previously to be decreased after transformation of chick embryo fibroblasts by rous sarcoma virus ( nagata , k. , and yamada , k. m. ( 1986 ) j. biol . chem . 261 , 7531-7536 ; and nagata , k. , saga , s. , and yamada , k. m. ( 1986 ) j. cell biol . 103 , 223-229 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
172,
183
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
346,
350
]
} |
in the present study , flux through gcs was measured in isolated rat liver perfused with 100 nm glucagon , 1 microm epinephrine , 1 microm norepinephrine , 10 microm phenylephrine , or 100 nm vasopressin . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
116,
127
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
139,
153
]
} |
as expected from the lack of anion specificity in the transport , the photocycle of pharaonis halorhodopsin was nearly unaffected by replacement of chloride with nitrate . | NA | {
"id": "C0003075",
"name": "anion",
"pos": [
29,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0008203",
"name": "chloride",
"pos": [
148,
156
]
} |
as expected from the lack of anion specificity in the transport , the photocycle of pharaonis halorhodopsin was nearly unaffected by replacement of chloride with nitrate . | NA | {
"id": "C0003075",
"name": "anion",
"pos": [
29,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0028125",
"name": "nitrate",
"pos": [
162,
169
]
} |
addition of choline to the pi-free perfusate of compressed leaf pieces resulted in a steady accumulation of phosphorylcholine in the cytoplasmic compartment at the expense of cytoplasmic pi . | NA | {
"id": "C0008405",
"name": "choline",
"pos": [
12,
19
]
} | {
"id": "C0031716",
"name": "phosphorylcholine",
"pos": [
108,
125
]
} |
cef contained on average less than 1 molecule of upa mrna/cell , whereas rsv-cef contained 25-60 molecules/cell . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "cef",
"pos": [
0,
3
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
107,
111
]
} |
exposure of cef and rsv-cef for 24 h to the protein kinase c activating agent phorbol myristate acetate ( pma ) increased cellular upa mrna levels to 20 and 260 molecules/cell , respectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "cef",
"pos": [
12,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
171,
175
]
} |
we conclude that the rat insulin i gene is regulated by camp through a cre and that the nuclear protein interacting with it might be similar or identical to the previously purified camp-responsive protein , creb . | NA | {
"id": "C0028589",
"name": "nuclear",
"pos": [
88,
95
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
197,
204
]
} |
urine analysis revealed that the dpp iv-negative rats excreted proline- and hydroxyproline-containing peptides in significantly increased amounts in their urine compared with control rats . | NA | {
"id": "C0033382",
"name": "proline",
"pos": [
63,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0020388",
"name": "hydroxyproline",
"pos": [
76,
90
]
} |
these data provide conclusive evidence for the obligatory role of dpp iv in the renal handling of proline ( and hydroxyproline ) -containing peptides . | NA | {
"id": "C0033382",
"name": "proline",
"pos": [
98,
105
]
} | {
"id": "C0020388",
"name": "hydroxyproline",
"pos": [
112,
126
]
} |
thermopsin has no apparent sequence similarity to aspartic proteases of the pepsin family nor to pepstatin-insensitive acid protease ( maita , t. , nagata , s. , matsuda , g. , murata , s. , oda , k. , murao , s. , and tsura , d. ( 1984 ) j. biochem . 95 , 465-475 ) and thus may represent a new class of acid proteases . | NA | {
"id": "C0078989",
"name": "aspartic proteases",
"pos": [
50,
68
]
} | {
"id": "C0030909",
"name": "pepsin",
"pos": [
76,
82
]
} |
thermopsin has no apparent sequence similarity to aspartic proteases of the pepsin family nor to pepstatin-insensitive acid protease ( maita , t. , nagata , s. , matsuda , g. , murata , s. , oda , k. , murao , s. , and tsura , d. ( 1984 ) j. biochem . 95 , 465-475 ) and thus may represent a new class of acid proteases . | NA | {
"id": "C0030946",
"name": "protease",
"pos": [
59,
67
]
} | {
"id": "C0030940",
"name": "proteases",
"pos": [
310,
319
]
} |
several lines of evidence suggest that the 32-kda protein is needed for efficient virus replication in cultured cells but that in addition to this protein other viral proteins are involved in the process of virus entry into cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
50,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C0042736",
"name": "viral proteins",
"pos": [
161,
175
]
} |
the mature protein product was 66 kda , whereas the precursor protein migrated as if it were 68 kda rather than 76 kda as predicted from the sequence . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
11,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0033665",
"name": "precursor protein",
"pos": [
52,
69
]
} |
amino acid sequence identities between the mature potato enzyme and the homologous isoenzymes from escherichia coli are only about 22 % . | NA | {
"id": "C0014442",
"name": "enzyme",
"pos": [
57,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C0022173",
"name": "isoenzymes",
"pos": [
83,
93
]
} |
however , both the hu and the mu b protein were found to be loosely associated and could be quantitatively removed from the nucleoprotein core of both complexes by incubation in 0.5 m nacl . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
35,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0028612",
"name": "nucleoprotein",
"pos": [
124,
137
]
} |
we have recently reported that the expression of an in vitro mutated , kinase-defective insulin receptor ( a/k1018 ) leads to cellular insulin resistance when expressed in rat 1 fibroblasts . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cellular",
"pos": [
126,
134
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
178,
189
]
} |
lipid a , the toxic principle of endotoxic lipopolysaccharide , and its precursor , lipid x , interact with human platelets and modulate protein kinase c therein ( grabarek , j. , timmons , s. , and hawiger , j . ( 1988 ) j. clin . invest . 82 , 964-971 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0023767",
"name": "lipid a",
"pos": [
0,
7
]
} | {
"id": "C0023810",
"name": "lipopolysaccharide",
"pos": [
43,
61
]
} |
analysis of cytosolic enzymatic activity for ph dependence ( maximum activity at ph 7.4-8.0 ) , divalent cation effects ( no dependence on cations ) , and kinetic characteristics ( lag phase elimination by addition of hydroperoxide ) exhibited similarity to leukocyte and platelet 12-lipoxygenases . | NA | {
"id": "C0007448",
"name": "divalent cation",
"pos": [
96,
111
]
} | {
"id": "C0007447",
"name": "cations",
"pos": [
139,
146
]
} |
immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that the epithelial 12-lipoxygenase reacted with a monoclonal antibody ( lox-2 ) directed against leukocyte 12-lipoxygenase but not with an antibody ( hplo-3 ) against the platelet enzyme . | NA | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "monoclonal antibody",
"pos": [
96,
115
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
185,
193
]
} |
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