text stringlengths 57 1.72k | relation stringclasses 125
values | h dict | t dict |
|---|---|---|---|
it is to be anticipated that these models of dyskinesia will be useful in determining the mechanisms underlying chorea and dystonia in humans and are ideally suited for experimental evaluation of new treatment strategies . | NA | {
"id": "C0013384",
"name": "dyskinesia",
"pos": [
45,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C0008489",
"name": "chorea",
"pos": [
112,
118
]
} |
retinoic acid , the first morphogen described so far in vertebrates , is a vitamin a derivative which exerts striking effects on development and differentiation . | NA | {
"id": "C0040845",
"name": "retinoic acid",
"pos": [
0,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0042839",
"name": "vitamin",
"pos": [
75,
82
]
} |
here we show that attaching a neutral globular protein , streptavidin , to one end of a single-stranded dna molecule profoundly alters the dna mobility pattern and increases the band separation manyfold within a size range controlled by voltage and pulse cycle . | NA | {
"id": "C0012935",
"name": "single-stranded dna",
"pos": [
88,
107
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
139,
142
]
} |
salivary components ( proteins , albumin , iga1 , iga2 , igg , igm , beta 2-microglobulin , neopterin and peroxidase ) were investigated in 3 adult types of primary glomerulonephritis ( pgn ) : iga mesangial glomerulonephritis ( igagn ; n = 14 ) ; | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
22,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0001924",
"name": "albumin",
"pos": [
33,
40
]
} |
albumin and proteins did not differ between pgn and controls , while the iga1 + iga2/protein ratio was significantly increased in these 3 pgn . | NA | {
"id": "C0001924",
"name": "albumin",
"pos": [
0,
7
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
85,
92
]
} |
three patients with mitochondrial myopathies and progressive external ophthalmoplegia had repeated episodes of respiratory failure requiring assisted ventilation . | NA | {
"id": "C0162670",
"name": "mitochondrial myopathies",
"pos": [
20,
44
]
} | {
"id": "C0162674",
"name": "progressive external",
"pos": [
49,
69
]
} |
the association of niemann-pick disease type b with psychiatric disorders and with low levels of hdl cholesterol could be a chance association of 2 diseases , a new phenotype of niemann-pick type b , or the revelation by the neuroleptic treatment of a subclinical inborn sphingomyelinase deficiency . | NA | {
"id": "C0268243",
"name": "niemann-pick type b",
"pos": [
178,
197
]
} | {
"id": "C0028064",
"name": "sphingomyelinase",
"pos": [
271,
287
]
} |
ten patients with pseudotumor cerebri associated with renal insufficiency had papilledema and elevated intracranial pressure , but neurologic examinations and ct were normal . | NA | {
"id": "C0033845",
"name": "pseudotumor cerebri",
"pos": [
18,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0151740",
"name": "elevated intracranial pressure",
"pos": [
94,
124
]
} |
all members affected with dystonia or parkinsonism had increased muscle tone ( rigidity ) , which may represent the minimal clinical expression of drd . | NA | {
"id": "C0026826",
"name": "increased muscle tone",
"pos": [
55,
76
]
} | {
"id": "C0026837",
"name": "rigidity",
"pos": [
79,
87
]
} |
a protocol was developed to monitor pregnancies complicated by major blunt abdominal trauma in the third trimester , looking specifically for delayed placental and/or fetal problems . | NA | {
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancies",
"pos": [
36,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0032981",
"name": "third trimester",
"pos": [
99,
114
]
} |
osteoporosis , defined as diminished bone mass , which predisposes the skeleton to fracture with minimal or no trauma , is a major health problem in the united states , affecting an estimated 20 million people . | NA | {
"id": "C0016658",
"name": "fracture",
"pos": [
83,
91
]
} | {
"id": "C0043251",
"name": "trauma",
"pos": [
111,
117
]
} |
rickets , osteomalacia , and renal osteodystrophy are disorders of the mineralization of bone that result from a lack of available calcium , phosphorus , or both . | NA | {
"id": "C0035579",
"name": "rickets",
"pos": [
0,
7
]
} | {
"id": "C0029442",
"name": "osteomalacia",
"pos": [
10,
22
]
} |
we conclude that n-myc amplification/expression do not correlate with the aggressiveness of human nb in athymic animals , which is not always explained by the peripheral neuroectodermal tumor cell nature of the malignant cells , either . | NA | {
"id": "C0027819",
"name": "nb",
"pos": [
98,
100
]
} | {
"id": "C0684337",
"name": "peripheral neuroectodermal tumor",
"pos": [
159,
191
]
} |
ligation of the common bile duct in adult wistar rats induces an accumulation of porphyrins and copper in the liver and a 20 % conversion of protoporphyrin ix into ( cu ( ii ) -protoporphyrin ix . | NA | {
"id": "C0032712",
"name": "porphyrins",
"pos": [
81,
91
]
} | {
"id": "C0033733",
"name": "protoporphyrin ix",
"pos": [
177,
194
]
} |
the frequency of ipc was low in all premature ( less than or equal to 36 wk ) infants ( median 0.3 ipc/10 ( 4 ) pbmc , range 0.0-2.6 ) , and significantly higher ( median 2.0 ipc/10 ( 4 ) pbmc , range 0.0-16.4 ) in term infants ( greater than 37 wk ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "ipc",
"pos": [
17,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C1321301",
"name": "pbmc",
"pos": [
188,
192
]
} |
when a conditioned medium from cultures of herpes simplex virus type i-stimulated pbmc from adults was added to the ifn induction cultures , the frequencies of ipc increased in pbmc from both preterm and term infants , and in the latter group did not differ significantly from adult levels . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "the",
"pos": [
112,
115
]
} | {
"id": "C1321301",
"name": "pbmc",
"pos": [
177,
181
]
} |
lactic acidosis and accumulation of 3-hydroxybutyrate and other citric acid cycle intermediates were found in an infant with a lethal syndrome of metabolic acidosis and renal tubular acidosis . | NA | {
"id": "C0001125",
"name": "lactic acidosis",
"pos": [
0,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0001122",
"name": "acidosis",
"pos": [
183,
191
]
} |
lactic acidosis and accumulation of 3-hydroxybutyrate and other citric acid cycle intermediates were found in an infant with a lethal syndrome of metabolic acidosis and renal tubular acidosis . | NA | {
"id": "C0001122",
"name": "acidosis",
"pos": [
7,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0001126",
"name": "renal tubular acidosis",
"pos": [
169,
191
]
} |
the changes in mean total cholesterol levels among smokers in both age groups represent only the net shifts in the lipoprotein fractions and are therefore likely to be a less sensitive indicator of the possible lipid-related excess coronary artery disease risk in smokers . | NA | {
"id": "C0023820",
"name": "lipoprotein",
"pos": [
115,
126
]
} | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipid",
"pos": [
211,
216
]
} |
infants with early-onset infection had a mild illness with respiratory distress typical of other etiologic agents or diarrhea without focal infection . | NA | {
"id": "C0009450",
"name": "infection",
"pos": [
25,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0016397",
"name": "focal infection",
"pos": [
134,
149
]
} |
cerebral blood flow , plasma epinephrine , and plasma norepinephrine were measured in 25 spontaneously breathing , preterm neonates ( mean gestational age 30.4 weeks ) 2 hours after birth , during a routine screening for low blood glucose levels . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
29,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
54,
68
]
} |
increased cerebral blood flow and plasma epinephrine values were observed when blood glucose levels were low , whereas plasma norepinephrine was constant throughout the blood glucose range . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
41,
52
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
126,
140
]
} |
the toxin was also a potent mitogen for balb/c and nih 3t3 cells , 3t6 cells , and tertiary mouse embryo or human fibroblasts . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
59,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
114,
125
]
} |
the srif precursor somatostatin-28 and the cyclohexapeptide agonist mk678 also inhibited camp formation , whereas the biologically inactive n-terminal 14-amino acid fragment of somatostatin-28 was ineffective . | NA | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "srif",
"pos": [
4,
8
]
} | {
"id": "C0074854",
"name": "somatostatin-28",
"pos": [
177,
192
]
} |
pre-pro-plap with other substituents at position 484 ( threonine , proline , methionine , valine , leucine , tyrosine , tryptophan , lysine , glutamic acid , and glutamine ; category ii ) were expressed , as well as the category i amino acids , but there was little or no processing to the pi-g-tailed form , and this latter group exhibited very low enzyme activity . | NA | {
"id": "C0061472",
"name": "glutamic acid",
"pos": [
142,
155
]
} | {
"id": "C0017797",
"name": "glutamine",
"pos": [
162,
171
]
} |
mammalian dhoase ( s-dihydroorotate amidohydrolase , ec 3.5.2.3 ) is part of a large multifunctional protein called cad , which also has a carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase [ carbon-dioxide : l-glutamine amido-ligase ( adp-forming , carbamate-phosphorylating ) , ec 6.3.5.5 ] and aspartate transcarbamoylase ( carbamoyl-phosphate : l-aspartate carbamoyltransferase , ec 2.1.3.2 ) activities . | NA | {
"id": "C0006948",
"name": "carbamate",
"pos": [
230,
239
]
} | {
"id": "C0006960",
"name": "carbamoyl-phosphate",
"pos": [
307,
326
]
} |
enzyme electrophoretic investigations have demonstrated , however , that within fern genera , species having the lowest chromosome numbers ( n = 27-52 ) have the number of isozymes typical of diploid seed plants ; | NA | {
"id": "C0014442",
"name": "enzyme",
"pos": [
0,
6
]
} | {
"id": "C0022173",
"name": "isozymes",
"pos": [
172,
180
]
} |
pseudomonas exotoxin ( pe ) , a single-chain polypeptide toxin of 613 amino acids , consists of three functional domains : an amino-terminal receptor-binding domain , a middle translocation domain , and a carboxyl-terminal adp-ribosylation domain . | NA | {
"id": "C0015309",
"name": "exotoxin",
"pos": [
12,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0040549",
"name": "toxin",
"pos": [
57,
62
]
} |
accordingly , t3-responsiveness and tissue-specific expression of human and rat alpha-mhc/chloramphenicol acetyltransferase fusion constructs have been compared in rat fetal heart cells , l6e9 myoblasts and myotubes , 3t3 fibroblasts , and hela cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
180,
185
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
222,
233
]
} |
the rate of mn ( ii ) -catalyzed o2 production in the presence of 50 mm alanine or leucine is about 4-fold the rate observed in the absence of amino acids and accounts for about half of the h2o2 consumed ; | NA | {
"id": "C0001898",
"name": "alanine",
"pos": [
72,
79
]
} | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acids",
"pos": [
143,
154
]
} |
in bone marrow transplant recipients reconstituted with the genetically modified cells , human ada was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the recipients for at least 6 months after transplantation . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
81,
86
]
} | {
"id": "C1321301",
"name": "peripheral blood mononuclear cells",
"pos": [
115,
149
]
} |
demonstration of the trapping of 5fu in tumors provides both a model for studying metabolic modulation in experimental tumors ( in animals ) and a method for testing modulation strategies clinically ( in patients ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0027651",
"name": "tumors",
"pos": [
40,
46
]
} | {
"id": "C0027659",
"name": "experimental tumors",
"pos": [
106,
125
]
} |
comparison of amino acid sequences deduced from the cdna clones and the sequence of peptides derived from purified proteins show that these clones encode the pathogenesis-related proteins pr-p and pr-q . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
115,
123
]
} | {
"id": "C0033164",
"name": "pr-p",
"pos": [
188,
192
]
} |
the accumulation of mrna for the pathogenesis-related proteins pr-1 , pr-r , pr-p , and pr-q in xanthi.nc tobacco leaves following infection with tobacco mosaic virus was measured by primer extension . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
54,
62
]
} | {
"id": "C0033164",
"name": "pr-p",
"pos": [
77,
81
]
} |
the results suggest that opioid delta receptors play an important role in the modulation of learning , and that the effects of le on avoidance conditioning are mediated by delta receptors . | NA | {
"id": "C0034801",
"name": "opioid",
"pos": [
25,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C0140057",
"name": "delta receptors",
"pos": [
172,
187
]
} |
alcohol doses were pre-determined for each subject in order to produce a blood alcohol concentration of 0.6 g/l 1 h after alcohol intake and this individual alcohol dose was given on test days . | NA | {
"id": "C0684262",
"name": "blood alcohol",
"pos": [
73,
86
]
} | {
"id": "C0001962",
"name": "alcohol",
"pos": [
157,
164
]
} |
in the present studies , we measured the effects of central administration of naloxone and the mu agonist [ d-ala2 , mephe4 , gly-ol5 ] enkephalin ( dago ) on the ingestion of salt solutions . | NA | {
"id": "C0014298",
"name": "enkephalin",
"pos": [
136,
146
]
} | {
"id": "C0525773",
"name": "dago",
"pos": [
149,
153
]
} |
to assess the value of ultrasound ( us ) , fluoroscopy , and spot radiography in the detection , counting , and measurement of gallstone fragments during lithotripsy , in vitro visibility studies were conducted on fragments from 20 stones . | NA | {
"id": "C0008350",
"name": "gallstone",
"pos": [
127,
136
]
} | {
"id": "C0006736",
"name": "stones",
"pos": [
232,
238
]
} |
the findings at magnetic resonance ( mr ) imaging in a group of 36 pathologically verified supratentorial gliomas were analyzed and compared with the biopsy diagnoses ( a ) to determine whether mr imaging could be used to classify astrocytic-series tumors into a three-tiered system of low-grade astrocytoma , anaplastic astrocytoma , and glioblastoma multiforme ; | NA | {
"id": "C0004114",
"name": "astrocytoma",
"pos": [
296,
307
]
} | {
"id": "C0017636",
"name": "glioblastoma multiforme",
"pos": [
339,
362
]
} |
childhood adrenoleukodystrophy is an x chromosome-linked disorder characterized by progressive demyelination of cerebral white matter and adrenal insufficiency . | NA | {
"id": "C0162309",
"name": "adrenoleukodystrophy",
"pos": [
10,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0001623",
"name": "adrenal insufficiency",
"pos": [
138,
159
]
} |
the patterns , similar to those reported for human fibroblasts , indicate a possible common pathway for the mitogenic signal in cells associated with the early events of wound healing . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
51,
62
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
128,
133
]
} |
we have evaluated the ability of the optical isomers of cysteine and n-acetylcysteine to act as antidotes against an toxicity in order to assess the relative importance of each of these three antidotal mechanisms . | NA | {
"id": "C0010654",
"name": "cysteine",
"pos": [
56,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0001047",
"name": "n-acetylcysteine",
"pos": [
69,
85
]
} |
the protective indices of l-cysteine , d-cysteine , n-acetyl-l-cysteine , and n-acetyl-d-cysteine were 2.03 , 1.97 , 1.76 , and 1.25 , respectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0001047",
"name": "n-acetyl-l-cysteine",
"pos": [
52,
71
]
} | {
"id": "C0010654",
"name": "cysteine",
"pos": [
89,
97
]
} |
the use of aqueous emulphor emulsions appears appropriate in studies of voc contaminants of drinking water , in that the emulsion did not substantially alter the pharmacokinetics or hepatotoxicity of ccl4 from that ingested in water . | NA | {
"id": "C0599638",
"name": "drinking water",
"pos": [
92,
106
]
} | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
227,
232
]
} |
anatoxin-a ( 100 micrograms/kg , iv ) increased plasma epinephrine levels by 2-fold with virtually no effect on norepinephrine whereas nicotine ( 100 micrograms/kg , iv ) increased plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine by 20- to 30-fold . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
55,
66
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
204,
218
]
} |
these results contrast with our previously reported disruption of mu- and delta-opioid receptor systems following perinatal lead exposure and suggest that the toxic effects of this metal may be confined to particular types of opioid receptor . | NA | {
"id": "C0140057",
"name": "delta-opioid receptor",
"pos": [
74,
95
]
} | {
"id": "C0034801",
"name": "opioid receptor",
"pos": [
226,
241
]
} |
the moabs included antibodies against the platelet glycoprotein ( gp ) iib/iiia complex and against two activation-dependent antigens , one of which was a component of the internal platelet alpha-granule membrane ( gmp 140 ) and the other of which was a 53-kd protein derived from platelet lysosomes . | NA | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "moabs",
"pos": [
4,
9
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
19,
29
]
} |
unusual intracytoplasmic inclusions in metastatic tumor cells in retroperitoneal lymph nodes of a man with unknown primary tumor . | NA | {
"id": "C0027627",
"name": "metastatic tumor",
"pos": [
39,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C0027667",
"name": "unknown primary tumor",
"pos": [
107,
128
]
} |
the haematological diagnoses were acute myeloid leukaemia and malignant lymphoma ( diffuse large-cell non-hodgkin 's lymphoma ) , respectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0024299",
"name": "malignant lymphoma",
"pos": [
62,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0024305",
"name": "non-hodgkin 's",
"pos": [
102,
116
]
} |
chorion villus biopsy in the second ( and third ) trimester is indicated in pregnancies in which oligohydramnios , growth retardation or foetal malformations have been demonstrated by ultrasonic scanning , in cases where referral for antenatal diagnosis is very late and when chromosome investigation after amniocentesis proves unsuccessful and repeated amniocentesis would result in an unacceptably late result . | NA | {
"id": "C0032981",
"name": "third",
"pos": [
42,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancies",
"pos": [
76,
87
]
} |
the human melanocytic cell system with normal melanocytes , precursor nevus cells , and primary and metastatic melanoma cells has been extensively studied for the phenotypic properties of the cells , including their requirements for exogenous growth factors and other mitogens . | NA | {
"id": "C0018956",
"name": "precursor",
"pos": [
60,
69
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
192,
197
]
} |
we conclude that extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy of gallstones is a time consuming and technically demanding procedure that requires continuous monitoring and frequent interruption in order to optimize targeting and fragmentation of the stone ( s ) while maintaining the patient 's comfort . | NA | {
"id": "C0008350",
"name": "gallstones",
"pos": [
58,
68
]
} | {
"id": "C0006736",
"name": "stone",
"pos": [
243,
248
]
} |
the hypoperfused zone , i.e. , risk area and infarct size , were measured by autoradiography and triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining , respectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0022116",
"name": "hypoperfused",
"pos": [
4,
16
]
} | {
"id": "C0021308",
"name": "infarct",
"pos": [
45,
52
]
} |
when infarct size was expressed as a percent of the hypoperfused zone , it was 84 +/- 5 % in the control group and 25 +/- 9 % in the group treated with transcatheter autoperfusion ( p less than 0.001 ) , showing a reduction of 70 % . | NA | {
"id": "C0021308",
"name": "infarct",
"pos": [
5,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0022116",
"name": "hypoperfused",
"pos": [
52,
64
]
} |
the effects of isradipine , a new dihydropyridine calcium antagonist , were evaluated in 24 patients referred for elective cardiac catheterization because of suspected coronary artery disease . | NA | {
"id": "C0071304",
"name": "isradipine",
"pos": [
15,
25
]
} | {
"id": "C2945601",
"name": "dihydropyridine calcium antagonist",
"pos": [
34,
68
]
} |
in this randomized , prospective study we investigated the possible differences between the effect of tpn with lcts or medium-chain triglycerides ( mcts ) on t-lymphocyte subpopulations . | NA | {
"id": "C0041004",
"name": "lcts",
"pos": [
111,
115
]
} | {
"id": "C0724624",
"name": "medium-chain triglycerides",
"pos": [
119,
145
]
} |
the best prediction formulas for the ffm from body impedance and anthropometric variables were 1 ) ffm ( kg ) = ( 0.671 x 10 ( 4 ) x h2/r ) + 3.1s + 3.9 where h is body height ( m ) , r is resistance ( omega ) , and s is gender ( females , 0 ; males , 1 ) ( r = 0.94 ; see = 3.1 kg ) and 2 ) ffm ( kg ) = ( 0.360 x 10 ( 4 ) x h2/r ) + 0.359bw + 4.5s - 20t + 7.0 where bw is body weight ( kg ) and t is thigh circumference ( m ) ( r = 0.96 ; see = 2.5 kg ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0079399",
"name": "gender",
"pos": [
221,
227
]
} | {
"id": "C0086582",
"name": "males",
"pos": [
244,
249
]
} |
dietary crossover to n-3 ( tuna-fish oil ) or n-6 ( sunflower-seed oil ) pufa-supplemented diets at 9 mo reduced arrhythmias ( vf incidence less than 30 % in occlusion and reperfusion ) and mortality ( 0 % ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0003811",
"name": "arrhythmias",
"pos": [
113,
124
]
} | {
"id": "C0042510",
"name": "vf",
"pos": [
127,
129
]
} |
food intake was normal in the aids group whereas intestinal absorptions of the pentose sugar xylose and of the triglyceride triolein were both significantly diminished . | NA | {
"id": "C0030894",
"name": "pentose",
"pos": [
79,
86
]
} | {
"id": "C0043375",
"name": "xylose",
"pos": [
93,
99
]
} |
twelve subjects with glaucoma or ocular hypertension underwent measurement of visual fields ( humphrey perimeter and the henson cfs2000 perimeter ) , contrast sensitivity ( vistech wall charts ) , and perimacular leukocyte velocity ( oculix bfs-1000 blue field entoptic technique ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0017601",
"name": "glaucoma",
"pos": [
21,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0028840",
"name": "ocular hypertension",
"pos": [
33,
52
]
} |
we determined the reliability of high-resolution contact b-scan echography for estimating the optic cup size in 56 eyes of 28 patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension . | NA | {
"id": "C0017601",
"name": "glaucoma",
"pos": [
140,
148
]
} | {
"id": "C0028840",
"name": "ocular",
"pos": [
152,
158
]
} |
the authors ' laboratory , using histochemical methods , previously identified two types of cholesterol-containing lipid particles in the extracellular spaces of human atherosclerotic lesions , one particle enriched in esterified cholesterol and the other particle enriched in unesterified cholesterol . | NA | {
"id": "C0008377",
"name": "cholesterol",
"pos": [
92,
103
]
} | {
"id": "C0008387",
"name": "esterified cholesterol",
"pos": [
279,
301
]
} |
monoclonal antibodies that recognize the proteins specified by two families of t-cell antigen receptor variable region genes were assessed as clonal markers in cutaneous t-cell lymphoma ( mycosis fungoides and sezary syndrome ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0079773",
"name": "cutaneous t-cell lymphoma",
"pos": [
160,
185
]
} | {
"id": "C0036920",
"name": "sezary syndrome",
"pos": [
210,
225
]
} |
the cytokines used included various types of interleukins ( 1 , 2 , and 3 ) , colony-stimulating factors ( gm , g , and m ) , interferons ( alpha , beta , and gamma ) , and tumor necrosis factor ( alpha ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0079189",
"name": "cytokines",
"pos": [
4,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0021747",
"name": "interferons",
"pos": [
126,
137
]
} |
the e 48 antigen , which is formaldehyde resistant , appears to be a reliable marker for differentiation of squamous cell carcinomas from adenocarcinoma , and small cell carcinomas . | NA | {
"id": "C0007097",
"name": "carcinomas",
"pos": [
122,
132
]
} | {
"id": "C0262584",
"name": "small cell carcinomas",
"pos": [
159,
180
]
} |
therefore , these mice provide a well-defined genetic system for the analysis of the pathophysiology of mucopolysaccharidosis type vii , which has many features in common with the other mps . | NA | {
"id": "C0085132",
"name": "mucopolysaccharidosis type vii",
"pos": [
104,
134
]
} | {
"id": "C0026703",
"name": "mps",
"pos": [
186,
189
]
} |
the presence of cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) nucleic acids was demonstrated in arterial walls of patients with grade iii and with maximally grade i atherosclerosis by dot blot and in situ dna hybridization and by polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) using probes and primers derived from immediate early ( ie ) and late ( l ) genomic regions . | NA | {
"id": "C0028606",
"name": "nucleic acids",
"pos": [
40,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
183,
186
]
} |
the new york state heavy metals registry is a legislatively mandated program through which clinical laboratories , physicians , and health facilities report state residents 18 years of age and older with elevated levels of lead , mercury , arsenic , or cadmium in blood or urine . | NA | {
"id": "C0347988",
"name": "heavy metals",
"pos": [
19,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C0025424",
"name": "mercury",
"pos": [
230,
237
]
} |
the new york state heavy metals registry is a legislatively mandated program through which clinical laboratories , physicians , and health facilities report state residents 18 years of age and older with elevated levels of lead , mercury , arsenic , or cadmium in blood or urine . | NA | {
"id": "C0347988",
"name": "heavy metals",
"pos": [
19,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C0006632",
"name": "cadmium",
"pos": [
253,
260
]
} |
we investigated the association between retirement and primary cardiac arrest ( pca ) in 126 male cases and controls , 25-75 years of age , without prior heart disease or comorbidity . | NA | {
"id": "C0018790",
"name": "cardiac arrest",
"pos": [
63,
77
]
} | {
"id": "C0018799",
"name": "heart",
"pos": [
154,
159
]
} |
electrophoretic and immunological experiments demonstrated that the glycoconjugates correspond to the high molecular weight polydispersed glycoprotein that we have previously described . | NA | {
"id": "C0017906",
"name": "glycoconjugates",
"pos": [
68,
83
]
} | {
"id": "C0017968",
"name": "glycoprotein",
"pos": [
138,
150
]
} |
differences in magnitude and duration of opioid-induced respiratory depression and analgesia with fentanyl and sufentanil . | NA | {
"id": "C0015846",
"name": "fentanyl",
"pos": [
98,
106
]
} | {
"id": "C0143993",
"name": "sufentanil",
"pos": [
111,
121
]
} |
the magnitude and duration of analgesia and respiratory depression induced by fentanyl ( 1.0 , 2.0 , and 4.0 micrograms/kg ) and sufentanil ( 0.1 , 0.2 , and 0.4 microgram/kg ) after intravenous administration over 30 s were measured in 30 healthy young adult male volunteers divided into three groups and studied in a double-blind , randomized fashion . | NA | {
"id": "C0015846",
"name": "fentanyl",
"pos": [
78,
86
]
} | {
"id": "C0143993",
"name": "sufentanil",
"pos": [
129,
139
]
} |
the magnitude and duration of depression of the ventilatory and occlusion pressure response were significantly less with sufentanil compared with fentanyl , irrespective of dose . | NA | {
"id": "C0143993",
"name": "sufentanil",
"pos": [
121,
131
]
} | {
"id": "C0015846",
"name": "fentanyl",
"pos": [
146,
154
]
} |
ventilatory and occlusion pressure responses returned to control values by 30 and 30 min , respectively , after sufentanil and by 240 and 120 min , respectively , after fentanyl . | NA | {
"id": "C0143993",
"name": "sufentanil",
"pos": [
112,
122
]
} | {
"id": "C0015846",
"name": "fentanyl",
"pos": [
169,
177
]
} |
statistically significant elevations of the pain threshold were , however , greater and longer lasting after sufentanil compared with fentanyl . | NA | {
"id": "C0143993",
"name": "sufentanil",
"pos": [
109,
119
]
} | {
"id": "C0015846",
"name": "fentanyl",
"pos": [
134,
142
]
} |
pain threshold returned to control values 180 min after sufentanil but only 90 min after fentanyl . | NA | {
"id": "C0143993",
"name": "sufentanil",
"pos": [
56,
66
]
} | {
"id": "C0015846",
"name": "fentanyl",
"pos": [
89,
97
]
} |
these results suggest that sufentanil may provide better patient comfort with less respiratory depression than does fentanyl . | NA | {
"id": "C0143993",
"name": "sufentanil",
"pos": [
27,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0015846",
"name": "fentanyl",
"pos": [
116,
124
]
} |
on different days , either bupivacaine 0.5 % ( 8-12 ml ) or saline ( placebo ) were randomly injected epidurally and the effects evaluated on cardiovascular ( arterial pressure , heart rate ) and respiratory ( blood gases , oxygen consumption ) variables , as well as on hormone plasma concentrations ( vasopressin , norepinephrine , epinephrine , renin ) during both normoxia and hypoxia . | NA | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
317,
331
]
} | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
334,
345
]
} |
during epidural anesthesia alone , vasopressin increased tenfold ( 1.7 pg/ml +/- 1.0 sd to 16.8 +/- 13.8 , p less than 0.05 ) , norepinephrine decreased ( 90 pg/ml +/- 31 to 61 +/- 28 , p less than 0.05 ) while epinephrine and renin concentrations remained unchanged . | NA | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
128,
142
]
} | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
211,
222
]
} |
the signs and symptoms that clinically support epiglottitis in children less than 2 years old are similar in older children . | NA | {
"id": "C0008059",
"name": "children",
"pos": [
63,
71
]
} | {
"id": "C1455726",
"name": "older children",
"pos": [
109,
123
]
} |
in solution , meo-suc-ala-ala-pro-d , l-boro-val pinacol ester ( boroval ) is a highly effective but reversible inhibitor of both porcine pancreatic elastase and human neutrophil elastase ( hne ) ( 50 % inhibition with a 1.5 m ratio of boroval to elastase ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0064833",
"name": "human neutrophil elastase",
"pos": [
162,
187
]
} | {
"id": "C0030306",
"name": "elastase",
"pos": [
247,
255
]
} |
the three forms of phosphorylase , phosphorylase b ( nonphosphorylated ) , phosphorylase ab ( one subunit phosphorylated ) , and phosphorylase a ( both subunits phosphorylated ) , were separated by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography ( hplc ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0031711",
"name": "phosphorylase b",
"pos": [
35,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C0017916",
"name": "phosphorylase",
"pos": [
129,
142
]
} |
the three forms of phosphorylase , phosphorylase b ( nonphosphorylated ) , phosphorylase ab ( one subunit phosphorylated ) , and phosphorylase a ( both subunits phosphorylated ) , were separated by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography ( hplc ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0917785",
"name": "phosphorylase ab",
"pos": [
75,
91
]
} | {
"id": "C0017916",
"name": "phosphorylase",
"pos": [
129,
142
]
} |
in this context , the effect of amp is to reduce the conformational differences between phosphorylases b and ab , and the gamma delta complex is less sensitive to the conformational differences between the two forms of phosphorylase . | NA | {
"id": "C0031711",
"name": "phosphorylases b",
"pos": [
88,
104
]
} | {
"id": "C0017916",
"name": "phosphorylase",
"pos": [
219,
232
]
} |
a non-tumor-promoting phorbol ester , 4-o-methyl pma , showed a very weak ability to inhibit aa release . | NA | {
"id": "C0031586",
"name": "phorbol ester",
"pos": [
22,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0039654",
"name": "pma",
"pos": [
49,
52
]
} |
although the amount of aldose reductase is increased approximately sevenfold under these conditions , alpha-crystallin , one of the main lens specific proteins , remained at about the same concentration . | NA | {
"id": "C0002257",
"name": "alpha-crystallin",
"pos": [
102,
118
]
} | {
"id": "C0010422",
"name": "lens",
"pos": [
137,
141
]
} |
evidence was obtained for at least four modes of expression of leu4 : general amino acid control , leucine-specific control , basal level expression , and branched-chain amino acid-mediated repression . | NA | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acid",
"pos": [
78,
88
]
} | {
"id": "C0002521",
"name": "branched-chain",
"pos": [
155,
169
]
} |
evidence was obtained for at least four modes of expression of leu4 : general amino acid control , leucine-specific control , basal level expression , and branched-chain amino acid-mediated repression . | NA | {
"id": "C0023401",
"name": "leucine",
"pos": [
99,
106
]
} | {
"id": "C0002521",
"name": "branched-chain",
"pos": [
155,
169
]
} |
epirubicin ( trade name : falmorubicin ) is a stereoisomer , in which the hydroxyl group of doxorubicin is inverted at position 4 ' , and has the similar mechanism of action as that of doxorubicin ; | NA | {
"id": "C0014582",
"name": "epirubicin",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C0013089",
"name": "doxorubicin",
"pos": [
185,
196
]
} |
in non-clinical experiments , the effect of epirubicin on transplantable murine tumors was similar or superior to that of doxorubicin in rats and mice . | NA | {
"id": "C0014582",
"name": "epirubicin",
"pos": [
44,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C0013089",
"name": "doxorubicin",
"pos": [
122,
133
]
} |
in a comparative study of chronic cardiotoxicity , it was noted that epirubicin produced less damage to the myocardium than doxorubicin when every morphological change was examined as an indicator . | NA | {
"id": "C0014582",
"name": "epirubicin",
"pos": [
69,
79
]
} | {
"id": "C0013089",
"name": "doxorubicin",
"pos": [
124,
135
]
} |
electrocardiographic and histopathological findings also disclosed that epirubicin exhibited a smaller effect on the myocardium than that of doxorubicin . | NA | {
"id": "C0014582",
"name": "epirubicin",
"pos": [
72,
82
]
} | {
"id": "C0013089",
"name": "doxorubicin",
"pos": [
141,
152
]
} |
in conclusion , epirubicin is a new antitumor agent having an antitumor effect similar or superior to that of doxorubicin with the various toxicities , including cardiotoxicity , which are reduced in this drug in comparison to those of doxorubicin . | NA | {
"id": "C0014582",
"name": "epirubicin",
"pos": [
16,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0013089",
"name": "doxorubicin",
"pos": [
236,
247
]
} |
all hilar lesions were squamous cell carcinoma , and peripheral lesions were adenocarcinoma ( 31 cases ) , squamous cell carcinoma ( 10 cases ) , large cell carcinoma ( 2 cases ) and carcinoid ( 1 case ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0001418",
"name": "adenocarcinoma",
"pos": [
77,
91
]
} | {
"id": "C0007095",
"name": "carcinoid",
"pos": [
183,
192
]
} |
drug therapies with reaction rates in excess of 1 per 100,000 exposed individuals include phenobarbital ( 20 per 100,000 ) , nitrofurantoin ( 7 per 100,000 ) , sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim , and ampicillin ( both 3 per 100,000 ) , and amoxicillin ( 2 per 100,000 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0002680",
"name": "ampicillin",
"pos": [
200,
210
]
} | {
"id": "C0002645",
"name": "amoxicillin",
"pos": [
240,
251
]
} |
patient diagnoses were pulmonary emboli ( n = 3 ) , failed coronary angioplasty ( n = 7 ) , myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock ( n = 5 ) , trauma ( n = 7 ) , aortic stenosis ( n = 2 ) , postcardiotomy deterioration ( n = 10 ) , deterioration after cardiac transplantation ( n = 2 ) , cardiomyopathy with shock ( n = 1 ) , and ruptured ascending aortic dissection ( n = 1 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0027051",
"name": "myocardial infarction",
"pos": [
92,
113
]
} | {
"id": "C0036980",
"name": "cardiogenic shock",
"pos": [
119,
136
]
} |
use of beta 2-microglobulin level and cd4 lymphocyte count to predict development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection . | NA | {
"id": "C0001175",
"name": "acquired immunodeficiency syndrome",
"pos": [
85,
119
]
} | {
"id": "C0019693",
"name": "human",
"pos": [
136,
141
]
} |
to elucidate the mechanisms of cholesterol accumulation in cells under hypoxic conditions , we tested the effects of hypoxia on sterol synthesis , on the activity of acyl-coa : cholesterol acyltransferase ( acat ) , and on the efflux of cholesterol in cultured rabbit skin fibroblasts . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
59,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
273,
284
]
} |
because cis-unsaturated fatty acids incorporated into cell membranes increase membrane fluidity and , as a result , can alter membrane-dependent cell functions , we examined ldl binding , uptake , and degradation in upregulated u937 monocytes enriched in membrane oleate , a monounsaturated fatty acid , and membrane linoleate , a polyunsaturated fatty acid . | NA | {
"id": "C0015690",
"name": "unsaturated fatty acids",
"pos": [
12,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0015687",
"name": "monounsaturated fatty acid",
"pos": [
275,
301
]
} |
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