text stringlengths 57 1.72k | relation stringclasses 125
values | h dict | t dict |
|---|---|---|---|
mic50 values for azithromycin and erythromycin for all isolates were 0.5 and 0.25 mg/l , respectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0052796",
"name": "azithromycin",
"pos": [
17,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0014806",
"name": "erythromycin",
"pos": [
34,
46
]
} |
mic90 values for both group a and group b streptococci were 0.03 and 0.06 mg/l for erythromycin and azithromycin , respectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0014806",
"name": "erythromycin",
"pos": [
83,
95
]
} | {
"id": "C0052796",
"name": "azithromycin",
"pos": [
100,
112
]
} |
azithromycin was less active than erythromycin against enterococci , with mode mics of 4.0 and 1.0 mg/l , respectively ; | NA | {
"id": "C0052796",
"name": "azithromycin",
"pos": [
0,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0014806",
"name": "erythromycin",
"pos": [
34,
46
]
} |
at 1 mg/l , 100 % of the strains of h. influenzae were inhibited by azithromycin compared with 16 % with erythromycin and 5 % with roxithromycin . | NA | {
"id": "C0014806",
"name": "erythromycin",
"pos": [
105,
117
]
} | {
"id": "C0035891",
"name": "roxithromycin",
"pos": [
131,
144
]
} |
the in-vitro activity of azithromycin against 60 clinical isolates of salmonella typhi was determined by broth microdilution and compared with eight macrolides , including erythromycin , and with other orally administered antimicrobial agents ( ampicillin , amoxycillin , cefaclor , trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole , chloramphenicol , tetracycline , and ciprofloxacin ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0052796",
"name": "azithromycin",
"pos": [
25,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0014806",
"name": "erythromycin",
"pos": [
172,
184
]
} |
the in-vitro activity of azithromycin against 60 clinical isolates of salmonella typhi was determined by broth microdilution and compared with eight macrolides , including erythromycin , and with other orally administered antimicrobial agents ( ampicillin , amoxycillin , cefaclor , trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole , chloramphenicol , tetracycline , and ciprofloxacin ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0002680",
"name": "ampicillin",
"pos": [
245,
255
]
} | {
"id": "C0002645",
"name": "amoxycillin",
"pos": [
258,
269
]
} |
azithromycin was more potent ( mic range 4-16 mg/l ; mic90 8 mg/l ) than erythromycin ( mic range 32- greater than 128 mg/l ; mic90 greater than 128 mg/l ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0052796",
"name": "azithromycin",
"pos": [
0,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0014806",
"name": "erythromycin",
"pos": [
73,
85
]
} |
in 22 isolates , resistance to one or more of the following compounds occurred : ampicillin , amoxycillin , cefaclor , tetracycline , chloramphenicol , trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole . | NA | {
"id": "C0002680",
"name": "ampicillin",
"pos": [
81,
91
]
} | {
"id": "C0002645",
"name": "amoxycillin",
"pos": [
94,
105
]
} |
b. burgdorferi was most susceptible to azithromycin ( mbc 0.04 mg/l ) followed by erythromycin ( mbc 0.16 mg/l ) and tetracycline ( mbc 1.6 mg/l ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0052796",
"name": "azithromycin",
"pos": [
39,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0014806",
"name": "erythromycin",
"pos": [
82,
94
]
} |
rate constants and the time for 10 % decay ( t1/10 ) were determined for both azithromycin and erythromycin a at ph2 using various levels of acetonitrile cosolvent and constant ionic strength . | NA | {
"id": "C0052796",
"name": "azithromycin",
"pos": [
78,
90
]
} | {
"id": "C0014806",
"name": "erythromycin",
"pos": [
95,
107
]
} |
in solution at 37 degrees c and ph2 with ionic strength mu = 0.02 , azithromycin was degraded with a t1/10 of 20.1 min while erythromycin underwent 10 % decay in only 3.7 sec . | NA | {
"id": "C0052796",
"name": "azithromycin",
"pos": [
68,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0014806",
"name": "erythromycin",
"pos": [
125,
137
]
} |
the activation energy for hydrolysis of the ether bond connecting cladinose to azithromycin was 25.3 kcal/mol while the internal dehydration reaction of erythromycin had an activation energy of 15.6 kcal/mol . | NA | {
"id": "C0052796",
"name": "azithromycin",
"pos": [
79,
91
]
} | {
"id": "C0014806",
"name": "erythromycin",
"pos": [
153,
165
]
} |
extravascular fluid levels of azithromycin were greater than the mic of the strain used for five days after a 100 mg/kg dose , while erythromycin levels were less than 20 % of the mic at 30 h after a 200 mg/kg dose . | NA | {
"id": "C0052796",
"name": "azithromycin",
"pos": [
30,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0014806",
"name": "erythromycin",
"pos": [
133,
145
]
} |
the antibiotic levels at the site of infection correlated with the reduction of staph . aureus cfu ( 99 % with azithromycin compared with controls , p less than 0.01 ; 0 % with erythromycin ) recovered from inoculated discs . | NA | {
"id": "C0052796",
"name": "azithromycin",
"pos": [
111,
123
]
} | {
"id": "C0014806",
"name": "erythromycin",
"pos": [
177,
189
]
} |
we evaluated the efficacy of azithromycin , erythromycin and doxycycline in controlling in-vitro propagation of chlamydia trachomatis in hela 229 cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0052796",
"name": "azithromycin",
"pos": [
29,
41
]
} | {
"id": "C0014806",
"name": "erythromycin",
"pos": [
44,
56
]
} |
erythromycin did not produce a bactericidal effect at 100 mg/kg , and roxithromycin only reduced the viable count by 96 % , at a dose of 50 mg/kg . | NA | {
"id": "C0014806",
"name": "erythromycin",
"pos": [
0,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0035891",
"name": "roxithromycin",
"pos": [
70,
83
]
} |
dosing with azithromycin eradicated haemophilus influenzae from the bulla ( middle ear ) of gerbils , as was not the case with erythromycin and roxithromycin . | NA | {
"id": "C0052796",
"name": "azithromycin",
"pos": [
12,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C0014806",
"name": "erythromycin",
"pos": [
127,
139
]
} |
dosing with azithromycin eradicated haemophilus influenzae from the bulla ( middle ear ) of gerbils , as was not the case with erythromycin and roxithromycin . | NA | {
"id": "C0014806",
"name": "erythromycin",
"pos": [
127,
139
]
} | {
"id": "C0035891",
"name": "roxithromycin",
"pos": [
144,
157
]
} |
azithromycin was shown to be as effective as standard benzathine penicillin and erythromycin in the therapy of active syphilis in the rabbit model . | NA | {
"id": "C0052796",
"name": "azithromycin",
"pos": [
0,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0014806",
"name": "erythromycin",
"pos": [
80,
92
]
} |
following production of primary chancres by intradermal inoculation of 10 ( 6 ) treponema pallidum , groups of six rabbits were treated with benzathine penicillin ( 200,000 units im weekly for two weeks ) , erythromycin base ( 30 mg/kg/day orally four times daily for 15 days ) or azithromycin ( 30 mg/kg/day given orally once or twice daily for 15 days ) ; | NA | {
"id": "C0014806",
"name": "erythromycin base",
"pos": [
207,
224
]
} | {
"id": "C0052796",
"name": "azithromycin",
"pos": [
281,
293
]
} |
persistent infection was demonstrable in lymph nodes of untreated animals , but no evidence of virulent t. pallidum was found three months following transfer of tissue from any animal treated with penicillin , erythromycin , or azithromycin . | NA | {
"id": "C0014806",
"name": "erythromycin",
"pos": [
210,
222
]
} | {
"id": "C0052796",
"name": "azithromycin",
"pos": [
228,
240
]
} |
an approximate 86-kda peptide was the predominant fragment in normal sarcoplasmic reticulum while an approximate 99-kda peptide fragment was the major peptide detected in mhs sarcoplasmic reticulum . | NA | {
"id": "C0030935",
"name": "peptide",
"pos": [
22,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0030956",
"name": "peptide",
"pos": [
151,
158
]
} |
these data are contrasted with previous reports for chinese hamster lung fibroblasts that the increase in intracellular ph which results from activation of the na+/h+ antiporter in bicarbonate-free media is necessary for s6 phosphorylation , protein synthesis , and hence , for subsequent dna synthesis ( pouyssegur , j. , chambard , j. c. , franchi , a. , paris , s. , and van obberghen-schilling , e. ( 1982 ) proc . natl . acad . sci . u.s.a. 79 , 3935-3939 ; chambard , j.c. , and pouyssegur , j . ( 1986 ) exp . cell res . 164 , 282-294 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
73,
84
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
517,
521
]
} |
direct amino acid labeling confirmed the identity of the pair of basic amino acids at the cleavage site . | NA | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acid",
"pos": [
7,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0301714",
"name": "basic amino acids",
"pos": [
65,
82
]
} |
while two of the three mutant pro-npy molecules were processed to wild-type carboxyl-terminal peptide , the carboxyl-terminal peptide derived from pro-npy ( -arg-lys- ) contained an amino-terminal lysine residue , indicating that biosynthetic endoproteolysis occurred in the middle or at the amino terminus of the pair of basic amino acid residues at the cleavage site . | NA | {
"id": "C0024337",
"name": "lysine",
"pos": [
197,
203
]
} | {
"id": "C0301714",
"name": "amino",
"pos": [
328,
333
]
} |
lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase ( lcat ) catalyzes the intravascular synthesis of lipoprotein cholesteryl esters by converting cholesterol and lecithin to cholesteryl ester and lysolecithin . | NA | {
"id": "C0008377",
"name": "cholesterol",
"pos": [
9,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0008387",
"name": "cholesteryl ester",
"pos": [
160,
177
]
} |
the biochemical properties of three stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding protein ( g-protein ) alpha subunits , the large and small forms of gs , gs-l ( 52 kda ) and gs-s ( 45 kda ) , and the olfactory specific g-protein , golf , have been compared . | NA | {
"id": "C0086903",
"name": "stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding",
"pos": [
36,
74
]
} | {
"id": "C0887847",
"name": "g-protein",
"pos": [
213,
222
]
} |
cruciferin ( 12 s globulin ) is a large , neutral , oligometric protein synthesized in rapeseed ( brassica napus ) during seed development . | NA | {
"id": "C0017649",
"name": "globulin",
"pos": [
18,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
64,
71
]
} |
2-chloroadenosine and n6-phenylisopropyladenosine , nonmetabolizable analogues of adenosine , activate phosphorylase ( 6-fold ) without increasing the concentration of adenine nucleotides or the activity of glycogen synthase . | NA | {
"id": "C0000275",
"name": "2-chloroadenosine",
"pos": [
0,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0001443",
"name": "adenosine",
"pos": [
82,
91
]
} |
2-chloroadenosine and n6-phenylisopropyladenosine , nonmetabolizable analogues of adenosine , activate phosphorylase ( 6-fold ) without increasing the concentration of adenine nucleotides or the activity of glycogen synthase . | NA | {
"id": "C0031484",
"name": "phenylisopropyladenosine",
"pos": [
25,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C0001443",
"name": "adenosine",
"pos": [
82,
91
]
} |
it is proposed that t-pa releases pai-1 from the solid phase when it forms the irreversible covalent complex with the inhibitor , a process that does not occur with the catalytically inactive mutant form of t-pa . | NA | {
"id": "C0032143",
"name": "t-pa",
"pos": [
20,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C0032144",
"name": "t-pa",
"pos": [
207,
211
]
} |
the plant s11 cytosolic ribosomal proteins also show significant sequence similarity to both e. coli ribosomal protein s17 and plastid cs17 indicating that these are all related proteins . | NA | {
"id": "C0032089",
"name": "plant",
"pos": [
4,
9
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
178,
186
]
} |
in order to characterize further the epitope of a2b5 , two new ganglioside antigens isolated from chicken brain are identified in this study . | NA | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitope",
"pos": [
37,
44
]
} | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigens",
"pos": [
75,
83
]
} |
these data and the results of mild oxidation of the antigen with sodium periodate suggest that the epitope recognized by antibody a2b5 contains the trisialyl structure found in gt3 but does not include the polyalcohol chain of the terminal sialic acid which can be oxidized by periodate or acetylated without modifying the affinity for the antibody . | NA | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigen",
"pos": [
52,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitope",
"pos": [
99,
106
]
} |
cultured human endothelial cells synthesize and secrete two types of plasminogen activator , tissue plasminogen activator ( t-pa ) and urokinase ( u-pa ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0032144",
"name": "plasminogen",
"pos": [
69,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0032143",
"name": "tissue plasminogen activator",
"pos": [
93,
121
]
} |
factor ix is the zymogen of the serine protease factor ixa involved in blood coagulation . | NA | {
"id": "C0015491",
"name": "factor ix",
"pos": [
0,
9
]
} | {
"id": "C0015494",
"name": "factor ixa",
"pos": [
48,
58
]
} |
however , in contrast to ixan , ixaer does not bind to antithrombin-iii ( specific inhibitor of ixan ) and does not catalyze the activation of factor x ( substrate ) to factor xa . | NA | {
"id": "C0015518",
"name": "factor x",
"pos": [
143,
151
]
} | {
"id": "C0015520",
"name": "factor",
"pos": [
169,
175
]
} |
gly363 in factor ixa corresponds to the universally conserved gly193 in the active site sequence of the chymotrypsin serine protease family . | NA | {
"id": "C0008742",
"name": "chymotrypsin",
"pos": [
104,
116
]
} | {
"id": "C0036734",
"name": "serine protease",
"pos": [
117,
132
]
} |
we demonstrate that although the kin- cell line lacks detectable catalytic subunit protein , these cells express wild-type levels of mrna for both c alpha and c beta catalytic subunit isoforms . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
83,
90
]
} | {
"id": "C0597298",
"name": "isoforms",
"pos": [
184,
192
]
} |
the diphosphate of the antiherpetic agent acyclovir [ 9- [ ( 2-hydroxyethoxy ) methyl ] guanine ] has been shown to inhibit purine nucleoside phosphorylase with unique potency ( tuttle , j. v. , and krenitsky , t. a . ( 1984 ) j. biol . chem . 259 , 4065-4069 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0001367",
"name": "acyclovir",
"pos": [
42,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0018321",
"name": "guanine",
"pos": [
88,
95
]
} |
to determine whether the npxy sequence is necessary for coated pit-mediated internalization , we used oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis to substitute alanines for individual amino acids in the cytoplasmic tail of the human ldl receptor . | NA | {
"id": "C0001898",
"name": "alanines",
"pos": [
153,
161
]
} | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acids",
"pos": [
177,
188
]
} |
a review of published data revealed npxy sequences in cytoplasmic domains of at least 10 other cell surface proteins , including tyrosine kinase-linked receptors of the epidermal growth factor and insulin receptor family , the beta-subunits of three integrin receptors , and the amyloid a4 precursor protein . | NA | {
"id": "C0206364",
"name": "tyrosine kinase-linked receptors",
"pos": [
129,
161
]
} | {
"id": "C0034818",
"name": "insulin receptor",
"pos": [
197,
213
]
} |
here we compare the impact of interferon-gamma treatment on activities of gtp-cyclohydrolase i ( ec 3.5.4.16 ) , 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase , and sepiapterin reductase ( ec 1.1.1.153 ) in human peripheral blood-derived macrophages , normal dermal fibroblasts , thp-1 myelomonocytic cells , and the t 24 bladder transitional-cell carcinoma line . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
257,
268
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
292,
297
]
} |
the antibody involved in the binding was anti-band 3 , the autoantibody known to bind to aged erythrocytes , because isolated anti-band 3 bound to the oxidized cells , but anti-band 3-depleted autologous igg did not . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
4,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0004358",
"name": "autoantibody",
"pos": [
59,
71
]
} |
[ 3h ] gtp binding activity was detected in the phosphocellulose-purified fraction ( pc fraction ) which predominantly contained the 51-kda protein and was shown to be specific to gtp , gdp , guanylyl imidodiphosphate , and itp . | NA | {
"id": "C0018353",
"name": "gtp",
"pos": [
7,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C0018366",
"name": "guanylyl imidodiphosphate",
"pos": [
192,
217
]
} |
the most basic polypeptides showed the least similarity ( about 30 % identity ) , while the most acidic isoform analyzed shared about 70 % sequence identity with the nh2 terminus of human serum rbp . | NA | {
"id": "C0597298",
"name": "isoform",
"pos": [
104,
111
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "rbp",
"pos": [
194,
197
]
} |
the toxins alpha-sarcin , ricin , shiga toxin , and shiga-like toxin inhibit protein synthesis in oocytes by attacking specific nucleotides within this loop ( ackerman , e.j. , saxena , s . | NA | {
"id": "C0074447",
"name": "shiga toxin",
"pos": [
34,
45
]
} | {
"id": "C0148323",
"name": "shiga-like",
"pos": [
52,
62
]
} |
ap-1 , the polypeptide product of c-jun , recognizes and binds to specific dna sequences and stimulates transcription of genes responsive to certain growth factors and phorbol esters such as 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate ( tpa ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0031586",
"name": "phorbol esters",
"pos": [
168,
182
]
} | {
"id": "C0039654",
"name": "12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate",
"pos": [
191,
227
]
} |
deduced amino acid sequences of human arylsulfatase a , human asb , human steroid sulfatase , human glucosamine-6-sulfatase , and an arylsulfatase from sea urchin showed a substantial degree of similarity suggesting that they arose from a common ancestral gene and are members of an arylsulfatase gene family . | NA | {
"id": "C0007804",
"name": "arylsulfatase a",
"pos": [
38,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0003940",
"name": "arylsulfatase",
"pos": [
283,
296
]
} |
deduced amino acid sequences of human arylsulfatase a , human asb , human steroid sulfatase , human glucosamine-6-sulfatase , and an arylsulfatase from sea urchin showed a substantial degree of similarity suggesting that they arose from a common ancestral gene and are members of an arylsulfatase gene family . | NA | {
"id": "C0052456",
"name": "steroid sulfatase",
"pos": [
74,
91
]
} | {
"id": "C0003940",
"name": "arylsulfatase",
"pos": [
283,
296
]
} |
eight s-form ( smooth ) lps with complete o-specific polysaccharide chains isolated from different o-serotypes of salmonella and escherichia coli as well as nine r-form ( rough ) lps isolated from salmonella mutants deficient in synthesis of their core oligosaccharides were used in this study . | NA | {
"id": "C0069180",
"name": "o-specific polysaccharide",
"pos": [
42,
67
]
} | {
"id": "C0023810",
"name": "lps",
"pos": [
179,
182
]
} |
the binding is saturable , is inhibited with excess unlabeled homologous or heterologous lps but not lipid a , and is trypsin sensitive . | NA | {
"id": "C0023810",
"name": "lps",
"pos": [
89,
92
]
} | {
"id": "C0023767",
"name": "lipid a",
"pos": [
101,
108
]
} |
l-glycero-d-mannoheptose ( heptose ) , a constituent of the inner core region of almost all lps , is a potent inhibitor of the specific binding of 125i-labeled rb2 lps , whereas other monosaccharides , including 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid ( kdo ) , have weak or negligible inhibitor activity . | NA | {
"id": "C0019229",
"name": "heptose",
"pos": [
17,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C0026492",
"name": "monosaccharides",
"pos": [
184,
199
]
} |
other gags including heparin , low molecular weight heparin , dermatan sulfate , keratan sulfate , and the nonsulfated dextrans were ineffective in accelerating these reactions . | NA | {
"id": "C0017973",
"name": "gags",
"pos": [
6,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C0019134",
"name": "heparin",
"pos": [
52,
59
]
} |
other gags including heparin , low molecular weight heparin , dermatan sulfate , keratan sulfate , and the nonsulfated dextrans were ineffective in accelerating these reactions . | NA | {
"id": "C0019134",
"name": "heparin",
"pos": [
21,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C0019139",
"name": "low",
"pos": [
31,
34
]
} |
a normal p450c21 cdna clone was transfected into cos-1 cells to produce 21-hydroxylase activity toward its substrates , progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone . | NA | {
"id": "C0033308",
"name": "progesterone",
"pos": [
120,
132
]
} | {
"id": "C0020387",
"name": "17-hydroxyprogesterone",
"pos": [
137,
159
]
} |
as indicated by western blotting with anti-phosphotyrosine-specific antibodies and confirmed by phosphoamino acid analysis , we now demonstrate that interaction of the t cell growth factor interleukin 2 ( il2 ) with its high affinity receptor on il2-sensitive human peripheral blood lymphoblasts induces tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins of 92 , 80 , 78 , 70-75 , and 57 kda . | NA | {
"id": "C0021758",
"name": "t cell growth factor",
"pos": [
168,
188
]
} | {
"id": "C0021764",
"name": "interleukin",
"pos": [
189,
200
]
} |
clathrin light chains are extended molecules located along the proximal segment of each of the three heavy chain legs of a clathrin trimer . | NA | {
"id": "C1135987",
"name": "clathrin light chains",
"pos": [
0,
21
]
} | {
"id": "C0008905",
"name": "clathrin",
"pos": [
123,
131
]
} |
using both immunologic and molecular probes specific to the tropoelastin isoform and mrna , quantitative protein and rna analyses were performed . | NA | {
"id": "C0597298",
"name": "isoform",
"pos": [
73,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
105,
112
]
} |
antisera prepared against the whole protein or against two peptides ( residues 15-27 and 134-149 ) recognized the two isoforms ( alpha and beta ) of stathmin in their different phosphorylated states on immunoblots . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
36,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0597298",
"name": "isoforms",
"pos": [
118,
126
]
} |
these peptide prolyl boronic acids are potent inhibitors of both the type 1 and type 2 iga proteinases from neisseria gonorrhoeae and hemophilus influenzae , but not of the functionally similar iga proteinase from streptococcus sanguis . | NA | {
"id": "C0030940",
"name": "proteinases",
"pos": [
91,
102
]
} | {
"id": "C0030946",
"name": "proteinase",
"pos": [
198,
208
]
} |
these results indicate that the n. gonorrhoeae and the h. influenzae enzymes belong to the serine protease family of proteolytic enzymes while that from s. sanguis does not . | NA | {
"id": "C0036734",
"name": "serine",
"pos": [
91,
97
]
} | {
"id": "C0030946",
"name": "protease",
"pos": [
98,
106
]
} |
the functional effects of deleting two , three , five , or eight amino acids from the central helix were monitored by examining the activation of phosphodiesterase , smooth muscle myosin light chain ( mlc ) kinase , and ca2+/cam-dependent protein kinase ii ( cam kinase ii ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0027120",
"name": "smooth muscle myosin light chain",
"pos": [
166,
198
]
} | {
"id": "C0006776",
"name": "cam kinase",
"pos": [
259,
269
]
} |
the functional effects of deleting two , three , five , or eight amino acids from the central helix were monitored by examining the activation of phosphodiesterase , smooth muscle myosin light chain ( mlc ) kinase , and ca2+/cam-dependent protein kinase ii ( cam kinase ii ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0248868",
"name": "cam-dependent protein",
"pos": [
225,
246
]
} | {
"id": "C0006776",
"name": "cam kinase",
"pos": [
259,
269
]
} |
camdm ( -8 ) , a calmodulin-deletion mutant with 8 amino acids deleted from the middle of the central helix , failed to activate mlc kinase , phosphodiesterase , or cam kinase ii at physiologically significant concentrations of activator but also had altered electrophoretic mobility and tyrosine fluorescence properties suggesting major changes in the structure of this mutant . | NA | {
"id": "C0027120",
"name": "mlc",
"pos": [
129,
132
]
} | {
"id": "C0006776",
"name": "cam kinase",
"pos": [
165,
175
]
} |
deletion of five amino acids ( 77-81 ) resulted in an increase in apparent kact for phosphodiesterase ( 150-fold ) , cam kinase ii ( 25-fold ) , and mlc kinase ( 5-fold ) relative to cam . | NA | {
"id": "C0006776",
"name": "cam kinase",
"pos": [
117,
127
]
} | {
"id": "C0027120",
"name": "mlc",
"pos": [
149,
152
]
} |
the data suggest the central helix of cam may serve as a flexible tether for mlc kinase ( and to a lesser extent cam kinase ii ) but that an extended conformation of cam , as predicted from the crystal structure , may be required for phosphodiesterase activation . | NA | {
"id": "C0027120",
"name": "mlc kinase",
"pos": [
77,
87
]
} | {
"id": "C0006776",
"name": "cam kinase",
"pos": [
113,
123
]
} |
the relative abundance of the two conformers ( e1 and e2 ) of the ca2 ( + ) -atpase of plasma membranes and the rates of their interconversion were estimated measuring the initial velocity of phosphorylation of the ca2 ( + ) -atpase in pig red cell membranes at 37 degrees c . | NA | {
"id": "C0300252",
"name": "ca2",
"pos": [
66,
69
]
} | {
"id": "C0001476",
"name": "ca2",
"pos": [
215,
218
]
} |
increased prothrombinase activity after c5b-9 was not accompanied by a change in thrombomodulin activity , and was unrelated to cell lysis , the complement-treated cells remaining greater than 99 % viable . | NA | {
"id": "C0009545",
"name": "c5b-9",
"pos": [
40,
45
]
} | {
"id": "C0009498",
"name": "complement",
"pos": [
145,
155
]
} |
the protease was kinetically distinct from both chymotrypsin and cathepsin g in direct comparisons and did not match kinetic values published for the rat mast cell proteases against comparable substrates ; | NA | {
"id": "C0030946",
"name": "protease",
"pos": [
4,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0030940",
"name": "proteases",
"pos": [
164,
173
]
} |
from the results of high performance liquid chromatography , oxidative degradation , and gas chromatography-electron impact mass spectrometry , their structures were identified as 7- ( d-erythro-1',2',3'-trihydroxypropyl ) -pterin ( 7-neopterin ) , 7- ( l-erythro-1',2'-dihydroxypropyl ) -pterin ( 7-biopterin ) , and 6-oxo-7- ( l-erythro-1',2'-dihydroxypropyl ) -pterin ( 6-oxo-7-biopterin ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0068527",
"name": "neopterin",
"pos": [
235,
244
]
} | {
"id": "C0005562",
"name": "biopterin",
"pos": [
381,
390
]
} |
this effect on self-assembly is specific in that it is observed with heparin but not with several heparan sulfates or other glycosaminoglycans : it correlates with affinity and depends on the degree of polysaccharide sulfation . | NA | {
"id": "C0019134",
"name": "heparin",
"pos": [
69,
76
]
} | {
"id": "C0017973",
"name": "glycosaminoglycans",
"pos": [
124,
142
]
} |
this effect on self-assembly is specific in that it is observed with heparin but not with several heparan sulfates or other glycosaminoglycans : it correlates with affinity and depends on the degree of polysaccharide sulfation . | NA | {
"id": "C0019143",
"name": "heparan sulfates",
"pos": [
98,
114
]
} | {
"id": "C0017973",
"name": "glycosaminoglycans",
"pos": [
124,
142
]
} |
consistent with its proficiency in recombination in vivo , reca441 protein is able to catalyze the in vitro exchange of a circular single-stranded dna molecule for a homologous strand in a linear double-stranded dna molecule . | NA | {
"id": "C0012935",
"name": "single-stranded dna",
"pos": [
131,
150
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "double-stranded dna",
"pos": [
196,
215
]
} |
these results are consistent with the hydroxyl group of ser-254 playing a critical role in the cleavage of the peptide bond between gly-253 and ser-254 of the prophosphatidylserine decarboxylase and support the mechanism proposed by snell and coworkers ( recsei and snell ( 1984 ) annul rev . biochem . 53 , 357-387 ) for the formation of the prosthetic group of pyruvate-dependent decarboxylases . | NA | {
"id": "C0007054",
"name": "decarboxylase",
"pos": [
181,
194
]
} | {
"id": "C0034342",
"name": "pyruvate",
"pos": [
363,
371
]
} |
the optimum temperature for maximum activity of the immobilized enzyme-gel bead system was found to be 30-35 degrees c in a batch mode and 40 degrees c in a packed bed reactor , which were both below the 50 degrees c optimum for the free enzyme . | NA | {
"id": "C0014444",
"name": "immobilized enzyme",
"pos": [
52,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0014442",
"name": "enzyme",
"pos": [
238,
244
]
} |
the expression of the osteoclastic phenotype was assessed using two different antibodies : 23c6 , a monoclonal antibody directed against the vitronectin receptor , which is highly expressed by osteoclasts but not by adult monocytes , and an antibody to hla-dr , which is not present on osteoclast . | NA | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "monoclonal antibody",
"pos": [
100,
119
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
241,
249
]
} |
the dose-response inhibition curves are indistinguishable from those obtained with nontransfected cells , other glycosaminoglycans have little effect on sv40lt-smc growth , the antiproliferative effects of heparin are reversed in the presence of epidermal growth factor , and heparin displays high-affinity saturable binding to sv40lt-smc . | NA | {
"id": "C0017973",
"name": "glycosaminoglycans",
"pos": [
112,
130
]
} | {
"id": "C0019134",
"name": "heparin",
"pos": [
276,
283
]
} |
c-fos transfected cells also had a faster growth rate than did control cells in serum-free medium supplemented with calcium chloride , lithium chloride , sodium selenite , hydrocortisone , and insulin . | NA | {
"id": "C0008203",
"name": "chloride",
"pos": [
124,
132
]
} | {
"id": "C0065088",
"name": "lithium chloride",
"pos": [
135,
151
]
} |
three hybridomas were isolated that secreted antibodies reacting to cellular determinants expressed specifically on senescent human fibroblasts of different origin , including neonatal foreskin , embryonic lung , and adult skin punch biopsy , but not expressed on matched young cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
132,
143
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
278,
283
]
} |
the antigens appeared to be cell surface or extracellular matrix associated , and the epitopes were destroyed by mild trypsin treatment . | NA | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigens",
"pos": [
4,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitopes",
"pos": [
86,
94
]
} |
the results revealed that the 14 subjects who had experienced pronounced progression of periodontal disease had more plaque and gingivitis , deeper pockets and more attachment loss than the 14 subjects with minimal periodontal disease progression . | NA | {
"id": "C0017574",
"name": "gingivitis",
"pos": [
128,
138
]
} | {
"id": "C0017563",
"name": "periodontal disease",
"pos": [
215,
234
]
} |
the dose-related efficacy and safety of nicardipine , a new calcium antagonist of the dihydropyridine class , was assessed by exercise tolerance testing in a randomized , double-blinded , placebo-controlled study in 19 patients with chronic , stable effort angina pectoris . | NA | {
"id": "C0028005",
"name": "nicardipine",
"pos": [
40,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C2945601",
"name": "calcium antagonist",
"pos": [
60,
78
]
} |
the extent to which clindamycin is absorbed systemically following intravaginal application of clindamycin phosphate 1 % cream was assessed in 12 healthy female volunteers . | NA | {
"id": "C0008947",
"name": "clindamycin",
"pos": [
20,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C0055881",
"name": "clindamycin phosphate",
"pos": [
95,
116
]
} |
the mixed glass-ionomer cement was transferred to the demarcated site , cured by exposure to visible light for 30 s , and the cement surface treated with scotchprep dentin primer followed by scotchbond 2 light cure dental adhesive . | NA | {
"id": "C0017597",
"name": "glass-ionomer cement",
"pos": [
10,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C1706094",
"name": "dental",
"pos": [
215,
221
]
} |
the predominant glycosaminoglycan in pig and human alveolar bone was chondroitin sulfate , although some hyaluronate , dermatan sulfate , and heparan sulfate were also detected . | NA | {
"id": "C0017973",
"name": "glycosaminoglycan",
"pos": [
16,
33
]
} | {
"id": "C0019143",
"name": "heparan sulfate",
"pos": [
142,
157
]
} |
endothelium-derived relaxing factor is released spontaneously and in response to flow , platelet-derived products ( that is , serotonin , thrombin and adenosine diphosphate ) and certain autacoids ( that is , acetylcholine , bradykinin , histamine , substance p , vasopressin , alpha-adrenergic agonists ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0036751",
"name": "serotonin",
"pos": [
126,
135
]
} | {
"id": "C0037343",
"name": "autacoids",
"pos": [
187,
196
]
} |
endothelium-derived relaxing factor is released spontaneously and in response to flow , platelet-derived products ( that is , serotonin , thrombin and adenosine diphosphate ) and certain autacoids ( that is , acetylcholine , bradykinin , histamine , substance p , vasopressin , alpha-adrenergic agonists ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0037343",
"name": "autacoids",
"pos": [
187,
196
]
} | {
"id": "C0019588",
"name": "histamine",
"pos": [
238,
247
]
} |
during a mean follow-up period of 7.5 +/- 4.9 years , 11 of the 42 patients had documented arrhythmias : 2 patients from group ii and 2 patients from group iii had supraventricular tachycardia and 7 patients from group iii had atrial fibrillation . | NA | {
"id": "C0003811",
"name": "arrhythmias",
"pos": [
91,
102
]
} | {
"id": "C0004238",
"name": "atrial fibrillation",
"pos": [
227,
246
]
} |
all nine patients from group iii with subsequent arrhythmias had had clinical atrial fibrillation before study . | NA | {
"id": "C0003811",
"name": "arrhythmias",
"pos": [
49,
60
]
} | {
"id": "C0004238",
"name": "atrial fibrillation",
"pos": [
78,
97
]
} |
five seconds after tachycardia induction , hemodynamically stable ventricular tachycardia had a longer cycle length ( 294 +/- 41 ms ) and the right ventricular pulse pressure ratio was higher ( 0.55 +/- 0.26 ) than that in unstable ventricular tachycardia ( cycle length 256 +/- 55 ms , p = 0.06 ; pulse pressure ratio 0.26 +/- 0.09 , p less than 0.05 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0039231",
"name": "tachycardia",
"pos": [
19,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0042514",
"name": "ventricular tachycardia",
"pos": [
232,
255
]
} |
in this study , we have measured hs nca and hl nca after exercise of 22 adult patients with asthma , 13 of whom had exercise-induced asthma ( eia ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0004096",
"name": "asthma",
"pos": [
92,
98
]
} | {
"id": "C0004099",
"name": "exercise-induced asthma",
"pos": [
116,
139
]
} |
we examined immunocytochemically the type and distribution of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans ( pg ) in predentin and dentin demineralized with edta after aldehyde fixation of rat incisors using ( a ) four monoclonal antibodies ( 1-b-5,9-a-2,3-b-3 , and 5-d-4 ) which recognize epitopes in unsulfated chondroitin ( c0-s ) , chondroitin 4-sulfate ( c4-s ) , chondroitin 6-sulfate ( c6-s ) , and keratan sulfate ( ks ) associated with the pg , and ( b ) monoclonal ( 5-d-5 ) and polyclonal antibodies specific for the core protein of large and small dermatan sulfate ( ds ) pg . | NA | {
"id": "C0017973",
"name": "glycosaminoglycans",
"pos": [
62,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0008454",
"name": "chondroitin",
"pos": [
362,
373
]
} |
the results indicate that cam is capable of blocking or reversing the inhibitory effect of lps on ca2 ( + ) -atpase , and suggest that in human nk cells the plasma membrane-associated ca2 ( + ) -atpase is responsible for extrusion of intracellular ca2+ . | NA | {
"id": "C0001476",
"name": "ca2",
"pos": [
98,
101
]
} | {
"id": "C0300252",
"name": "plasma",
"pos": [
157,
163
]
} |
mouse lymphocytes and sto fibroblasts were negative , whereas f9 teratocarcinoma cells , intestinal epithelial cells , and rat fetal primordial germ cells were all found to be highly positive for apase activity , in agreement with published results on apase localization in these cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
26,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
280,
285
]
} |
although binding to 110k could be mediated by dna and anti-dna in some sle sera , the accumulated evidence supports the existence of a major new autoantibody system in sle , other autoimmune diseases , and certain virus infections . | NA | {
"id": "C0024141",
"name": "sle",
"pos": [
71,
74
]
} | {
"id": "C0004364",
"name": "autoimmune",
"pos": [
180,
190
]
} |
in this study we found an amino acid sequence homology between a uveitopathogenic site of s-ag , several viral proteins and one additional nonviral protein . | NA | {
"id": "C0042736",
"name": "viral proteins",
"pos": [
105,
119
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
148,
155
]
} |
mclf activity was not detected in conditioned media from cells not killed by activated macrophages ( i.e. , 3t3-like cell lines or embryo fibroblasts ) but was present in conditioned media from six other sv-col cell lines at levels that were directly proportional to the sensitivity of those targets ( r = 0.98 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
57,
62
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
138,
149
]
} |
finally , to ask whether the production of mclf is sufficient to explain the selective recognition of sv40-transformed fibroblasts by activated macrophages we have tested whether cm ( e8 ) will cause macrophages to kill normal cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
119,
130
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "normal cells",
"pos": [
220,
232
]
} |
we previously reported that lipids such as cholesterol esters , triglycerides , and some phospholipids that constitute cell membranes or serum lipoproteins induced growth of mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro . | NA | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipids",
"pos": [
28,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0023820",
"name": "lipoproteins",
"pos": [
143,
155
]
} |
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