text stringlengths 57 1.72k | relation stringclasses 125
values | h dict | t dict |
|---|---|---|---|
the majority of phospholipase activity was clearly of a phospholipase c nature since over 80 % of [ ( 3 ) h ] inositol phosphates released were recovered as [ ( 3 ) h ] inositol trisphosphate ( ip ( 3 ) ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0021554",
"name": "inositol phosphates",
"pos": [
110,
129
]
} | {
"id": "C0021547",
"name": "inositol",
"pos": [
169,
177
]
} |
results indicate that , irrespective of starch concentration , starch from taproots of the high starch genotype was composed of approximately 80 % high molecular weight starch with i ( 2 ) -kl absorbance characteristics similar to amylopectin . | NA | {
"id": "C0038179",
"name": "starch",
"pos": [
40,
46
]
} | {
"id": "C0002728",
"name": "amylopectin",
"pos": [
231,
242
]
} |
the remaining 20 % of the starch was low molecular weight with i ( 2 ) -kl absorbance characteristics similar to amylose . | NA | {
"id": "C0038179",
"name": "starch",
"pos": [
26,
32
]
} | {
"id": "C0002732",
"name": "amylose",
"pos": [
113,
120
]
} |
the distribution of chain lengths from amylopectin did not change during starch degradation and reaccumulation for the high starch genotype . | NA | {
"id": "C0002728",
"name": "amylopectin",
"pos": [
39,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C0038179",
"name": "starch",
"pos": [
124,
130
]
} |
the lower rate of wsc deposition at low irradiance was associated with a higher net rate of monosaccharide deposition ( +39 % ) , whereas net deposition rates for sucrose ( -27 % ) and fructan ( -56 % ) were less than at high irradiance . | NA | {
"id": "C0007004",
"name": "wsc",
"pos": [
18,
21
]
} | {
"id": "C0026492",
"name": "monosaccharide",
"pos": [
92,
106
]
} |
the changes in adh and ldh activity levels were matched by changes in the amount of these particular proteins , indicating that the increase in activity results from de novo synthesis of these two proteins . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
101,
109
]
} | {
"id": "C0034861",
"name": "synthesis",
"pos": [
174,
183
]
} |
the overall fatty acid composition of leaf lipids in a mutant of arabidopsis thaliana was characterized by elevated amounts of palmitic acid and a decreased amount of unsaturated 16-carbon fatty acids as a consequence of a single nuclear mutation . | NA | {
"id": "C0015684",
"name": "fatty acid",
"pos": [
12,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0015690",
"name": "unsaturated",
"pos": [
167,
178
]
} |
the extent of reduction in the steady state membrane potential upon addition of ions was used to estimate the relative permeability of the peribacteroid membrane to anions . | NA | {
"id": "C0022023",
"name": "ions",
"pos": [
80,
84
]
} | {
"id": "C0003075",
"name": "anions",
"pos": [
165,
171
]
} |
the two polypeptides , which had apparent molecular masses of 29,000 daltons and 33,000 daltons , were present in the sink-deprived plants but not in control podded plants and were the subunit polypeptides of a glycoprotein designated lectin-related protein ( lrp ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0023206",
"name": "lectin",
"pos": [
235,
241
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
250,
257
]
} |
dialysis of the resuspended ammonium sulfate precipitate caused lrp to reprecipitate , and lrp was soluble only in the presence of molar nacl . | NA | {
"id": "C0023206",
"name": "lrp",
"pos": [
64,
67
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "lrp",
"pos": [
91,
94
]
} |
the native relative molecular mass of lrp was 119,000 daltons , a size consistent with a tetrameric organization of the two polypeptides . | NA | {
"id": "C0023206",
"name": "lrp",
"pos": [
38,
41
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "lrp",
"pos": [
38,
41
]
} |
although the specific association between lrp and vsp was intriguing , an in vivo interaction between lrp and vsp was doubtful . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "lrp",
"pos": [
42,
45
]
} | {
"id": "C0023206",
"name": "lrp",
"pos": [
102,
105
]
} |
lrp was shown to be immunologically similar to soybean agglutinin but did not have detectable hemagglutinating activity . | NA | {
"id": "C0023206",
"name": "lrp",
"pos": [
0,
3
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "lrp",
"pos": [
0,
3
]
} |
the major inositol-containing lipids from the pulvini of samanea saman merr . were identified as phosphatidylinositol , phosphatidylinositol phosphate , and phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate based on comigration with authentic standards on high-performance liquid chromatography and on thin-layer chromatography . | NA | {
"id": "C0031621",
"name": "phosphatidylinositol",
"pos": [
97,
117
]
} | {
"id": "C0071655",
"name": "phosphatidylinositol phosphate",
"pos": [
120,
150
]
} |
the patterns of incorporation of radioactivity into the putative phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol phosphate were consistent with these identifications when pulvini were labeled with [ ( 3 ) h ] glycerol , [ ( 3 ) h ] inositol , or [ ( 32 ) p ] orthophosphate . | NA | {
"id": "C0031621",
"name": "phosphatidylinositol",
"pos": [
65,
85
]
} | {
"id": "C0071655",
"name": "phosphatidylinositol phosphate",
"pos": [
90,
120
]
} |
it is suggested that , at high moisture contents , glasses were formed in the aqueous phase , as well as the lipid phase if tissues had high oil contents , and this had beneficial effects on the survival of seeds at low temperatures . | NA | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipid",
"pos": [
109,
114
]
} | {
"id": "C0028908",
"name": "oil",
"pos": [
141,
144
]
} |
aspartate aminotransferase ( l-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase , ec 2.6.1.1 [ aat ] ) , a key enzyme in the assimilation of c and n compounds , was purified from the cytosol of alfalfa ( medicago sativa l. ) root nodules . | NA | {
"id": "C0004002",
"name": "aspartate aminotransferase",
"pos": [
0,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0002594",
"name": "aminotransferase",
"pos": [
56,
72
]
} |
mbsi-a consists of a single polypeptide chain of 119 residues , with a high content of glutamic acid/glutamine , aspartic acid/asparagine , valine , threonine , and proline ( 19 , 12 , 10 , 9 , and 8 residue percent , respectively ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0061472",
"name": "glutamic",
"pos": [
87,
95
]
} | {
"id": "C0017797",
"name": "glutamine",
"pos": [
101,
110
]
} |
cereal lectins are a class of biochemically and antigenically related proteins localized in a tissue-specific manner in embryos and adult plants . | NA | {
"id": "C0023206",
"name": "lectins",
"pos": [
7,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
70,
78
]
} |
the maximum specific radioactivity ratios between arginine in newly synthesized protein and total free arginine in the ( 14 ) c-citrulline and ( 14 ) c-ornithine experiments indicated that only 3 % of the free arginine was in the protein precursor pool , and that argininosuccinate and citrulline were present in multiple pools . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
80,
87
]
} | {
"id": "C0033665",
"name": "protein precursor",
"pos": [
230,
247
]
} |
resonances for glu ( and other alphanh ( 2 ) groups ) , pro , ala , and the side chain groups in gln , arg , orn , and gamma-aminobutyric acid could be detected in in vivo ( 15 ) n nmr spectra . | NA | {
"id": "C0061472",
"name": "glu",
"pos": [
15,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0017797",
"name": "gln",
"pos": [
97,
100
]
} |
a lipoxygenase preparation was obtained from green algae oscillatoria sp . and was shown to differ from previous described lipoxygenases in the positional specificity and ph characteristics of the dioxygenation reaction . | NA | {
"id": "C0023837",
"name": "lipoxygenase",
"pos": [
2,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C2936592",
"name": "lipoxygenases",
"pos": [
123,
136
]
} |
after 3 hours in air the soluble amino acid pool was almost totally dominated by serine and glycine . | NA | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acid",
"pos": [
33,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0017890",
"name": "glycine",
"pos": [
92,
99
]
} |
the dnasel-sensitive chromatin fraction from all three plant species investigated contained a markedly reduced level of dna methylation compared to total dna . | NA | {
"id": "C0000702",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
6,
7
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
154,
157
]
} |
the effect of nacl on the endogenous levels of diamine , putrescine and polyamines , spermidine and spermine , was studied in the shoot system of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive lines of rice ( oryza sativa l. ) cultivars during three growth stages . | NA | {
"id": "C0011957",
"name": "diamine",
"pos": [
47,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C0032433",
"name": "polyamines",
"pos": [
72,
82
]
} |
salt stress increased the levels of diamine and polyamine in varying degrees among nine rice cultivars investigated . | NA | {
"id": "C0011957",
"name": "diamine",
"pos": [
36,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0032433",
"name": "polyamine",
"pos": [
48,
57
]
} |
one of the possible mechanisms of saline resistance was observed to be due to the highly increased polyamines against the low increase in diamines . | NA | {
"id": "C0032433",
"name": "polyamines",
"pos": [
99,
109
]
} | {
"id": "C0011957",
"name": "diamines",
"pos": [
138,
146
]
} |
alternatively , the salt sensitivity could be due to high increase of diamines and an incapacity to maintain high levels of polyamines . | NA | {
"id": "C0011957",
"name": "diamines",
"pos": [
70,
78
]
} | {
"id": "C0032433",
"name": "polyamines",
"pos": [
124,
134
]
} |
the apoproteins of the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex , subunit 1 of psi and the components of the psii reaction center ( the 32 kilodalton , d2 , and cytochrome b ( 559 ) proteins ) were dually located between granal and stromal lamellae . | NA | {
"id": "C0003601",
"name": "apoproteins",
"pos": [
4,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
182,
190
]
} |
one of the most abundant proteins in maize ( zea mays l. ) embryos is the molecular weight 63,000 globulin encoded by the glb1 gene . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
25,
33
]
} | {
"id": "C0017649",
"name": "globulin",
"pos": [
98,
106
]
} |
some futile cycling between sucrose and hexose sugars is postulated to occur in these species , and thus , the energy cost of sucrose production may be higher than is generally thought . | NA | {
"id": "C0242209",
"name": "sugars",
"pos": [
47,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0038636",
"name": "sucrose",
"pos": [
126,
133
]
} |
similar kinetic patterns indicated that a common pool of chlorophyllides a and b provided substrate for the enzymatic system that performs esterification and reduction of the sldechain for each group of chl . | NA | {
"id": "C0008262",
"name": "chlorophyllides",
"pos": [
57,
72
]
} | {
"id": "C0008260",
"name": "chl",
"pos": [
203,
206
]
} |
interference with histidine metabolism , inhibition of pigment biosynthesis , or both have been the principal candidates for the primary site of action of 3-amino 1,2,4-triazole ( amitrole ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0040880",
"name": "triazole",
"pos": [
169,
177
]
} | {
"id": "C0002602",
"name": "amitrole",
"pos": [
180,
188
]
} |
concentrations of reducing sugars , sucrose , and starch in aborting kernels were not significantly different from those in nonaborting kernels up to 12 daa . | NA | {
"id": "C0242209",
"name": "sugars",
"pos": [
27,
33
]
} | {
"id": "C0038636",
"name": "sucrose",
"pos": [
36,
43
]
} |
plant microsomes contain a protein clearly related to a calcium-binding protein , calsequestrin , originally found in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells , responsible for the rapid release and uptake of ca ( 2+ ) within the cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0006732",
"name": "calcium-binding protein",
"pos": [
56,
79
]
} | {
"id": "C0006787",
"name": "calsequestrin",
"pos": [
82,
95
]
} |
the appearance of the precursor to subunit i before the precursor to subunit ii supports the possibility raised by previous studies that both subunit types of this lectin may originate from a single gene product . | NA | {
"id": "C0023206",
"name": "lectin",
"pos": [
164,
170
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "gene product",
"pos": [
199,
211
]
} |
amino acid analyses of total preparations of heat-stable and heat-labile proteins showed that , compared to heat-labile proteins , heat-stable intracellular proteins were characterized by higher glutamic acid/glutamine ( glx ) and glycine levels and lower levels of neutral amino acids . | NA | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acid",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C0017890",
"name": "glycine",
"pos": [
231,
238
]
} |
amino acid analyses of total preparations of heat-stable and heat-labile proteins showed that , compared to heat-labile proteins , heat-stable intracellular proteins were characterized by higher glutamic acid/glutamine ( glx ) and glycine levels and lower levels of neutral amino acids . | NA | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acid",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C0301715",
"name": "neutral amino acids",
"pos": [
266,
285
]
} |
amino acid analyses of total preparations of heat-stable and heat-labile proteins showed that , compared to heat-labile proteins , heat-stable intracellular proteins were characterized by higher glutamic acid/glutamine ( glx ) and glycine levels and lower levels of neutral amino acids . | NA | {
"id": "C0061472",
"name": "glutamic acid",
"pos": [
195,
208
]
} | {
"id": "C0017797",
"name": "glutamine",
"pos": [
209,
218
]
} |
on the basis of ( 18 ) o-labeling patterns observed in aba from different tissues it is concluded that , despite variations in precursor pool sizes and intermediate turnover rates , there is a universal pathway of aba biosynthesis in higher plants which involves cleavage of a larger precursor molecule , presumably an oxygenated carotenoid . | NA | {
"id": "C0000843",
"name": "aba",
"pos": [
55,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0007271",
"name": "carotenoid",
"pos": [
330,
340
]
} |
comparative study of optical absorption and circular dichroism of bacteriochlorophyll oligomers in triton x-100 , the antenna pigment b850 , and the primary donor p-860 of photosynthetic bacteria indicates that all are similar dimers of bacteriochlorophyll a . | NA | {
"id": "C0004638",
"name": "bacteriochlorophyll",
"pos": [
66,
85
]
} | {
"id": "C0600166",
"name": "bacteriochlorophyll a",
"pos": [
237,
258
]
} |
phytochelatins , the heavy-metal-binding peptides of plants , are synthesized from glutathione by a specific gamma-glutamylcysteine dipeptidyl transpeptidase ( phytochelatin synthase ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0136993",
"name": "phytochelatins",
"pos": [
0,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C0017817",
"name": "glutathione",
"pos": [
83,
94
]
} |
an enzyme has been discovered and characterized from silene cucubalus cell suspension cultures that catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamylcysteine dipeptide moiety of glutathione to an acceptor glutathione molecule or a growing chain of [ glu ( -cys ) ] ( n ) -gly oligomers , thus synthesizing phytochelatins , the metal-binding peptides of higher plants and select fungi . | NA | {
"id": "C0017817",
"name": "glutathione",
"pos": [
173,
184
]
} | {
"id": "C0136993",
"name": "phytochelatins",
"pos": [
301,
315
]
} |
studies using seeds of wheat ( triticum aestivum l. ) , rye ( secale cereale l. ) , barley ( hordeum vulgare l. ) , and corn ( zea mays l. ) indicated that the adverse effect of urea fertilizer on seed germination in soil is due to ammonia formed through hydrolysis of urea by soil urease and is not due to urea itself , to urea fertilizer impurities such as biuret , or to nitrite formed by nitrification of urea nitrogen . | NA | {
"id": "C0041942",
"name": "urea",
"pos": [
178,
182
]
} | {
"id": "C0005667",
"name": "biuret",
"pos": [
359,
365
]
} |
cell line nci-h727 was exposed in vitro to the endogenous amine serotonin and its precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan ( 5-htp ) , to the tobacco-related amine nicotine , and the tobacco-related nitrosamines n-nitrosodiethylamine ( den ) and 4- ( methylnitrosamino ) -1- ( 3-pyridyl ) -1-butanone ( nnk ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0028197",
"name": "nitrosamines",
"pos": [
188,
200
]
} | {
"id": "C0012200",
"name": "nitrosodiethylamine",
"pos": [
203,
222
]
} |
all three carbamates studied-aldicarb , carbofuran and oxamyl-inhibited the rat cholinesterase in a dose-dependent manner , as determined by the ellman technique . | NA | {
"id": "C0006948",
"name": "carbamates",
"pos": [
10,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0001994",
"name": "aldicarb",
"pos": [
29,
37
]
} |
the concentrations that produced 25 and 50 % inhibition of cholinesterase ( ic ( 25 ) and ic ( 50 ) ) were , respectively , 1 x 10 ( -8 ) and 5 x 10 ( -7 ) m for aldicarb , 1 x 10 ( -9 ) and 1.5 x 10 ( -7 ) m for carbofuran , 5 x 10 ( -11 ) and 5 x 10 ( -8 ) m for oxamyl and 4 x 10 ( -11 ) and 6.5 x 10 ( -8 ) m for a mixture consisting of equal proportions of all three carbamates . | NA | {
"id": "C0001994",
"name": "aldicarb",
"pos": [
162,
170
]
} | {
"id": "C0006948",
"name": "carbamates",
"pos": [
372,
382
]
} |
in the interaction study , based on the data for the mixture of all three carbamates , and for the individual carbamates , cholinesterase inhibition by aldicarb was found to be potentiated by carbofuran and oxamyl . | NA | {
"id": "C0006948",
"name": "carbamates",
"pos": [
74,
84
]
} | {
"id": "C0001994",
"name": "aldicarb",
"pos": [
152,
160
]
} |
when a patient develops sudden loss of hearing and/or vestibular dysfunction after experiencing trauma to the head or ears , after barotrauma , or after performing a vigorous valsalva manoeuvre , he should be referred promptly to an otolaryngologist for assessment and proper management of the condition . | NA | {
"id": "C0043251",
"name": "trauma",
"pos": [
96,
102
]
} | {
"id": "C0004760",
"name": "barotrauma",
"pos": [
131,
141
]
} |
in a review of available english language studies in the canadian literature , the author found that the most common groups of drugs prescribed for the elderly are psychotropic and cardiovascular drugs , principally digoxin and diuretics . | NA | {
"id": "C0007220",
"name": "cardiovascular drugs",
"pos": [
181,
201
]
} | {
"id": "C0012798",
"name": "diuretics",
"pos": [
228,
237
]
} |
in adolescents we begin to see signs of overnutrition , with noticeable obesity that is highly prevalent in adults . | NA | {
"id": "C1257763",
"name": "overnutrition",
"pos": [
40,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0028754",
"name": "obesity",
"pos": [
72,
79
]
} |
we found that axotomy at 25 degrees c was followed by an increase in transport of specific labelled proteins corresponding to growth-associated proteins ( gaps ) identified in other regenerating systems . | NA | {
"id": "C0007292",
"name": "transport",
"pos": [
69,
78
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "gaps",
"pos": [
155,
159
]
} |
the change of polarity from major depressive disorder to bipolar affective illness occurred within three years after the initial depressive episode in 77 per cent of the cases . | NA | {
"id": "C1269683",
"name": "major depressive",
"pos": [
28,
44
]
} | {
"id": "C0011581",
"name": "depressive episode",
"pos": [
129,
147
]
} |
both shearing and a low plane of nutrition reduced carcass weight ( p < 0.001 ) and increased carcass leanness ( p < 0.01 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0005910",
"name": "weight",
"pos": [
59,
65
]
} | {
"id": "C0039870",
"name": "leanness",
"pos": [
102,
110
]
} |
among blends containing two polyphosphates , those of 90 % spp + 10 % shmp and 75 % spp + 25 % stpp were relatively more effective . | NA | {
"id": "C0032575",
"name": "polyphosphates",
"pos": [
28,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0034320",
"name": "spp",
"pos": [
84,
87
]
} |
among blends containing two polyphosphates , those of 90 % spp + 10 % shmp and 75 % spp + 25 % stpp were relatively more effective . | NA | {
"id": "C0074764",
"name": "spp",
"pos": [
59,
62
]
} | {
"id": "C0034320",
"name": "spp",
"pos": [
84,
87
]
} |
comparisons were made of the effect on cooling rate , weight loss , texture , bacterial numbers , drip and appearance of pork sides ( average dead weight 75 kg ) in refrigeration systems using high humidity ( ice bank ) or conventional chilling , both with and without a rapid pre-chill or delayed chilling , with and without a water spray . | NA | {
"id": "C0020746",
"name": "ice",
"pos": [
209,
212
]
} | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
328,
333
]
} |
total participation over 12 months included an estimated 53 % of overweight employees in the weight program and 23 % of smokers in the smoking cessation program . | NA | {
"id": "C0497406",
"name": "overweight",
"pos": [
65,
75
]
} | {
"id": "C0005910",
"name": "weight",
"pos": [
93,
99
]
} |
time-course of the hypomotility effects of the adenosine analogues , cyclohexyladenosine and n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine , in a holeboard test . | NA | {
"id": "C0001443",
"name": "adenosine",
"pos": [
47,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0050789",
"name": "n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine",
"pos": [
93,
120
]
} |
the time-course of the hypomotility effects of the adenosine analogues 5'-n- ethylcarboxamidoadenosine ( neca ) and n ( 6 ) -cyclohexyladenosine ( cha ) was investigated in a holeboard test . | NA | {
"id": "C0001443",
"name": "adenosine",
"pos": [
51,
60
]
} | {
"id": "C0050789",
"name": "n",
"pos": [
171,
172
]
} |
a number of these hematopoietic growth factors ( hgf 's ) , which include colony stimulating factors , interleukins , and erythropoietin , have been purified to homogeneity and cloned , which in turn has led to extensive investigations of their biochemical properties and biological effects and functions . | NA | {
"id": "C0009392",
"name": "colony stimulating factors",
"pos": [
74,
100
]
} | {
"id": "C0014822",
"name": "erythropoietin",
"pos": [
122,
136
]
} |
the high m ( r ) component is a proteoglycan containing the glycosaminoglycan chains of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate and the intermediate sized components are its core proteins . | NA | {
"id": "C0017973",
"name": "glycosaminoglycan",
"pos": [
60,
77
]
} | {
"id": "C0019143",
"name": "heparan sulfate",
"pos": [
88,
103
]
} |
although almost all cells have tgf-beta receptors , binding of tgf-beta to the type iii binding components is restricted to cells of fibroblastic , osteoblastic and chondroblastic origin . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
20,
25
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
124,
129
]
} |
[ determination of depth of immersion of chlorophyll p680 , pheophytin , and a secondary electron donor in the subchloroplast preparations of photosystem ii from pea ] . | NA | {
"id": "C0008260",
"name": "chlorophyll",
"pos": [
41,
52
]
} | {
"id": "C0031512",
"name": "pheophytin",
"pos": [
60,
70
]
} |
to cover all aspects of this field would expand the review beyond its limits , hence it has been confined to the effects of heavy metals ( cu , zn , co , ni , cd , hg , pb ) and some selected drugs ( chloramphenicol , methotrexate , cis-platin , chloroquine ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0347988",
"name": "heavy",
"pos": [
124,
129
]
} | {
"id": "C0025424",
"name": "hg",
"pos": [
164,
166
]
} |
the 7 dna molecules consist of several nonconserved inverted and direct repeats ( ir , dr ) suggested to play a role in dna rearrangement during macronuclear development . | NA | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna molecules",
"pos": [
6,
19
]
} | {
"id": "C0000702",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
155,
156
]
} |
this light-induced response was inhibited under the existence of cyclic mononucleotide phosphodiesterase ( pde ) antagonists such as papaverine ( 10 ( -4 ) m ) , theophylline ( 10 ( -3 ) m ) , dibutyril-camp ( 10 ( -4 ) m ) , 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine ( 10 ( -4 ) m ) and dibutyril-cgmp ( 10 ( -4 ) m ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0039771",
"name": "theophylline",
"pos": [
162,
174
]
} | {
"id": "C0000096",
"name": "3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine",
"pos": [
226,
254
]
} |
enzyme extracts attacked cellulose , pectin , xylan , bean gum and mannan ( common in cell walls of higher plants ) , as well as starch and laminarin ( representative of major polysaccharide classes in fungal , algal , and animal tissues ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0024727",
"name": "mannan",
"pos": [
67,
73
]
} | {
"id": "C0032594",
"name": "polysaccharide",
"pos": [
176,
190
]
} |
the strength prediction may be employed to quantify the risk of fracture in physically very demanding tasks , to support expert opinion in trauma cases or to assist in therapeutic decisions in severe cases of osteoporosis . | NA | {
"id": "C0016658",
"name": "fracture",
"pos": [
64,
72
]
} | {
"id": "C0043251",
"name": "trauma",
"pos": [
139,
145
]
} |
epilepsy and its varied seizure types effect the physical , social , emotional , recreational and vocational functioning of individuals and their families . | NA | {
"id": "C0014544",
"name": "epilepsy",
"pos": [
0,
8
]
} | {
"id": "C0036572",
"name": "seizure",
"pos": [
24,
31
]
} |
epilepsy first aid , safe and activities of daily living , and the role of the occupational therapist in education and vocational exploration are discussed , along with a concise description of epilepsy and its seizure types . | NA | {
"id": "C0014544",
"name": "epilepsy",
"pos": [
0,
8
]
} | {
"id": "C0036572",
"name": "seizure",
"pos": [
211,
218
]
} |
strong acid hydrolysis of ps-6a yielded an amino acid , pyruvate , and four reducing sugars : a hexosamine , a uronic acid , and two hexoses which migrated on tlc similarly to glucose and galactose . | NA | {
"id": "C0019494",
"name": "hexoses",
"pos": [
133,
140
]
} | {
"id": "C0016945",
"name": "galactose",
"pos": [
188,
197
]
} |
parental strain s-68 was capable of degrading some of nonchlorinated phenolic compounds and displayed resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics and the heavy metals co ( 2+ ) , ni ( 2+ ) , zn ( 2+ ) , cd ( 2+ ) , and hg ( 2+ ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0347988",
"name": "heavy metals",
"pos": [
156,
168
]
} | {
"id": "C0025424",
"name": "hg",
"pos": [
221,
223
]
} |
sea ice bacteria ( both arctic and antarctic ) are more abundant than expected on the basis of relationships between bacterioplankton and chlorophyll concentrations in temperate waters , but ice bacteria biomass and net production are nonetheless small compared with the ice algal blooms that presumably support them . | NA | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "waters",
"pos": [
178,
184
]
} | {
"id": "C0020746",
"name": "ice",
"pos": [
271,
274
]
} |
the properties of three amidohydrolases , i.e. , urease ( i ) ec 3.5.1.5 , l-asparaginase ( ii ) ec 3.5.1.1 , and l-glutaminase ( iii ) ec 3.5.1.2 , were studied in sediment samples taken from a shallow eutrophic freshwater lake . | NA | {
"id": "C0002488",
"name": "amidohydrolases",
"pos": [
24,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0041945",
"name": "urease",
"pos": [
49,
55
]
} |
the properties of three amidohydrolases , i.e. , urease ( i ) ec 3.5.1.5 , l-asparaginase ( ii ) ec 3.5.1.1 , and l-glutaminase ( iii ) ec 3.5.1.2 , were studied in sediment samples taken from a shallow eutrophic freshwater lake . | NA | {
"id": "C0002488",
"name": "amidohydrolases",
"pos": [
24,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0003993",
"name": "l-asparaginase",
"pos": [
75,
89
]
} |
the properties of three amidohydrolases , i.e. , urease ( i ) ec 3.5.1.5 , l-asparaginase ( ii ) ec 3.5.1.1 , and l-glutaminase ( iii ) ec 3.5.1.2 , were studied in sediment samples taken from a shallow eutrophic freshwater lake . | NA | {
"id": "C0002488",
"name": "amidohydrolases",
"pos": [
24,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0017796",
"name": "l-glutaminase",
"pos": [
114,
127
]
} |
these results suggested that i , ii , and iii all exist to some extent as colloid-immobilized enzyme fractions in freshwater sediments and are analogous to the stable enzyme fractions in soils . | NA | {
"id": "C0014444",
"name": "immobilized enzyme",
"pos": [
82,
100
]
} | {
"id": "C0014442",
"name": "enzyme",
"pos": [
167,
173
]
} |
a flue gas desulphurization product based on the absorption of sulphur dioxide by an ammoniacal solution ( am-fgd ) was evaluated as a nitrogenous fertilizer . | NA | {
"id": "C0017110",
"name": "gas",
"pos": [
7,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C0038777",
"name": "sulphur dioxide",
"pos": [
63,
78
]
} |
in contrast a chromium ( iii ) complex of gssg , one of the final products of the reaction between gsh and chromium ( vi ) , does not damage dna in closed circle assays . | NA | {
"id": "C0061516",
"name": "gssg",
"pos": [
42,
46
]
} | {
"id": "C0017817",
"name": "gsh",
"pos": [
99,
102
]
} |
during illumination the amounts of carotenoid precursors decrease and carotenes , xanthophylls and chlorophylls a and b are formed . beta-carotene and lutein are synthesized without a lag-phase . | NA | {
"id": "C0007271",
"name": "carotenoid",
"pos": [
35,
45
]
} | {
"id": "C0949636",
"name": "xanthophylls",
"pos": [
82,
94
]
} |
during illumination the amounts of carotenoid precursors decrease and carotenes , xanthophylls and chlorophylls a and b are formed . beta-carotene and lutein are synthesized without a lag-phase . | NA | {
"id": "C0007271",
"name": "carotenoid",
"pos": [
35,
45
]
} | {
"id": "C0053396",
"name": "beta-carotene",
"pos": [
133,
146
]
} |
during illumination the amounts of carotenoid precursors decrease and carotenes , xanthophylls and chlorophylls a and b are formed . beta-carotene and lutein are synthesized without a lag-phase . | NA | {
"id": "C0949636",
"name": "xanthophylls",
"pos": [
82,
94
]
} | {
"id": "C0043328",
"name": "lutein",
"pos": [
151,
157
]
} |
in the presence of gramicidin , substrate hydrolysis by the tonoplast atpase was characteristically stimulated by chloride and inhibited by nitrate , but was unaffected by malate and a wide range of other organic-acid anions ; | NA | {
"id": "C0008203",
"name": "chloride",
"pos": [
114,
122
]
} | {
"id": "C0003075",
"name": "anions",
"pos": [
218,
224
]
} |
the non-permeant anions maleate and tartronate appeared to be competitive inhibitors of malate transport but did not affect chloride transport , indicating that malate and chloride influx at the tonoplast might be mediated by separate transporters . | NA | {
"id": "C0003075",
"name": "anions",
"pos": [
17,
23
]
} | {
"id": "C0008203",
"name": "chloride",
"pos": [
172,
180
]
} |
two proteolytic enzymes , a cysteine proteinase and a carboxypeptidase , responsible for breakdown of the main storage protein , 13s globulin , were purified from buckwheat seedlings ( fagopyrum esculentum moench ) by ( nh4 ) 2so4 fractionation , gel-filtration on sephadex g-150 , ionexchange chromatography on deae-toyopearl 650 m and chromatofocusing . | NA | {
"id": "C0030940",
"name": "proteolytic enzymes",
"pos": [
4,
23
]
} | {
"id": "C2717970",
"name": "cysteine proteinase",
"pos": [
28,
47
]
} |
while the proteins of proteinbody membranes were found to insert co-translationally into added microsomes , this was not observed in the case of glyoxysomal proteins . | NA | {
"id": "C0025252",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
10,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
157,
165
]
} |
the aminoterminus of p-9000 shows extensive sequence identity with the amino-terminus of pa1 ( mr=11 000 ) , a cysteine-rich albumin whose processing products accumulate in the vacuoles of pea ( pisum sativum l. ) cotyledons . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "p-9000",
"pos": [
21,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0001924",
"name": "albumin",
"pos": [
125,
132
]
} |
( 14 ) c-labelled alkaloid precursors ( arginine , putrescine , spermidine ) fed to senecio vulgaris plants via the root system were rapidly taken up and efficiently incorporated into the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine n-oxide ( sen-nox ) with total incorporations of 3-6 % . | NA | {
"id": "C0002062",
"name": "alkaloid",
"pos": [
18,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0034335",
"name": "pyrrolizidine alkaloid",
"pos": [
188,
210
]
} |
by deuterium-labelling and analysis of the products by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring it was shown that 2beta-hydroxylation of ga1 to ga8 and 3beta-hydroxylation of ga20 to ga1 occur with retention of configuration and that the conversion of ga20 to ga5 occurs with loss of the 2beta- and 3beta-hydrogens . | NA | {
"id": "C0011744",
"name": "deuterium",
"pos": [
3,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0020275",
"name": "hydrogens",
"pos": [
307,
316
]
} |
these results indicate that the virtual absence of hexoses in the sievetube sap under in-vivo conditions is not because of the inability of the phloem-loading system to transport the monosaccharides but because of the absence of sufficiently high concentrations in the apoplast . | NA | {
"id": "C0019494",
"name": "hexoses",
"pos": [
51,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0026492",
"name": "monosaccharides",
"pos": [
183,
198
]
} |
addition of single amino acid species to the medium increased the amino acid concentration in the sieve-tube sap in specific manner : glutamine caused the largest increase ( up to 140 mm in exudate ) , glutamate and alanine smaller increases ( up to 60 mm ) , and arginine the smallest . | NA | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acid",
"pos": [
19,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0001898",
"name": "alanine",
"pos": [
216,
223
]
} |
in addition , the amino acid composition of the sieve-tube sap changed , for instance , glutamine or alanine readily appeared in the sieve-tube sap upon incubation in glutamine or alanine , respectively , whereas glutamate was hardly discernible even in the case of incubation with glutamate ; | NA | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acid",
"pos": [
18,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C0001898",
"name": "alanine",
"pos": [
180,
187
]
} |
the observation that not only the atp-dependent reactions of photosynthesis , but also the light-regulated enzymes such as fructose bisphosphatase and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase were inhibited in the presence of the solute illustrates the complex dependence of calvin-cycle enzymes on the energization and the redox state of the thylakoid system . | NA | {
"id": "C0014442",
"name": "enzymes",
"pos": [
107,
114
]
} | {
"id": "C0026741",
"name": "complex",
"pos": [
246,
253
]
} |
furthermore , there was a strong and reversible increase in the content of the carotenoid zeaxanthin in the leaves that occurred at the expense of both violaxanthin and beta-carotene . | NA | {
"id": "C0007271",
"name": "carotenoid",
"pos": [
79,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C0053396",
"name": "beta-carotene",
"pos": [
169,
182
]
} |
these data show that , in amaranthus edulis , depression in photosynthesis when translocation is impaired is closely related to the accumulation of soluble sugars ( sucrose ) in source leaves , indicating feedback control of c4 photosynthesis . | NA | {
"id": "C0242209",
"name": "sugars",
"pos": [
156,
162
]
} | {
"id": "C0038636",
"name": "sucrose",
"pos": [
165,
172
]
} |
trans-stimulation of efflux ( up to fourfold ) by a variety of the d-enantiomers of neutral hexoses , including glucose ( k 1/2=48 mum ) , 3-o-methyl-d-glucose ( k 1/2=139 mum ) , and fructose ( k 1/2=730 mum ) , but not by , for instance , d-allose , and l-sorbose , shows that carrier-substrate interaction critically involves the axial position at c-1 and c-3 , respectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0019494",
"name": "hexoses",
"pos": [
92,
99
]
} | {
"id": "C0016745",
"name": "fructose",
"pos": [
184,
192
]
} |
in some dicotyledonous plant species , including tomato , exposure to chemical stress leads to the denovo synthesis of intercellular proteins known as pathogenesis-related proteins which have been implicated to be part of a defence mechanism . | NA | {
"id": "C0034861",
"name": "synthesis",
"pos": [
106,
115
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
172,
180
]
} |
the isoform gr2 is the plastidic enzyme , as shown by its sensitivity to photooxidative treatment , while gr1 is a cytoplasmatic protein not affected by photooxidative treatment of plastids . | NA | {
"id": "C0597298",
"name": "isoform",
"pos": [
4,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
129,
136
]
} |
suspension cultures of papaver bracteatum arya ii lindl. , grown without hormone in the presence of conidial extracts of verticillium dahliae kleb. , accumulate millimolar quantities of the benzophenanthridine alkaloid , sanguinarine . | NA | {
"id": "C1720921",
"name": "benzophenanthridine",
"pos": [
190,
209
]
} | {
"id": "C0002062",
"name": "alkaloid",
"pos": [
210,
218
]
} |
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