text stringlengths 57 1.72k | relation stringclasses 125
values | h dict | t dict |
|---|---|---|---|
for enzymes isolated from guinea-pig tissues , it is found that the specific activity of the ; high activity ' isoenzyme ( carbonic anhydrase c , carbonic anhydrase ii , haca ) is about eighteen times that of the ; low activity ' counterpart ( carbonic anhydrase b , carbonic anhydrase i , laca ) when measured at 0 degrees c , ph 7.2 , and ionic strength 0.19 . | NA | {
"id": "C0014442",
"name": "enzymes",
"pos": [
4,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0022173",
"name": "isoenzyme",
"pos": [
111,
120
]
} |
[ the higher nervous activity in dogs revived following prolonged terms of clinical death from drowning or bloodletting ] . | NA | {
"id": "C0011065",
"name": "death",
"pos": [
84,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C0013142",
"name": "drowning",
"pos": [
95,
103
]
} |
the authors accept that the factors liable to provoke this kind of epilepsy include cellular hyperhydration possibly associated with hypocalcaemia and with a genetic predisposition to convulsions . | NA | {
"id": "C0014544",
"name": "epilepsy",
"pos": [
67,
75
]
} | {
"id": "C0036572",
"name": "convulsions",
"pos": [
184,
195
]
} |
various aspects of stillbirth ( foetal death ) of international significance have been discussed and suggestions have been made to help to reduce the stillbirth rate in ghana . | NA | {
"id": "C0015927",
"name": "foetal death",
"pos": [
32,
44
]
} | {
"id": "C0595939",
"name": "stillbirth",
"pos": [
150,
160
]
} |
protein synthesis was assayed through incorporation of labelled amino acids ( i-c14-glycine and s15-methionine ) into proteins of organs and tissues of rabbit after cessation of life activity of the organism and during reanimation . | NA | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acids",
"pos": [
64,
75
]
} | {
"id": "C0017890",
"name": "glycine",
"pos": [
84,
91
]
} |
the s1 and s2 antigens are group-specific , and are the antigens of the viral nucleoid . | NA | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigens",
"pos": [
14,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0003342",
"name": "antigens",
"pos": [
56,
64
]
} |
tertiary butanol in amounts less than 40mug is determined with a coefficient of variation of 4 % while methanol , ethanol and isopropanol are determined with a coefficient of variation of 10 % at the level of 25mug or more . | NA | {
"id": "C0001963",
"name": "methanol",
"pos": [
103,
111
]
} | {
"id": "C0001962",
"name": "ethanol",
"pos": [
114,
121
]
} |
tertiary butanol in amounts less than 40mug is determined with a coefficient of variation of 4 % while methanol , ethanol and isopropanol are determined with a coefficient of variation of 10 % at the level of 25mug or more . | NA | {
"id": "C0001962",
"name": "ethanol",
"pos": [
104,
111
]
} | {
"id": "C0022237",
"name": "isopropanol",
"pos": [
126,
137
]
} |
the precision in determination of t-butanol increases with increasing concentration , while for isopropanol , ethanol and methanol it decreases . | NA | {
"id": "C0022237",
"name": "isopropanol",
"pos": [
96,
107
]
} | {
"id": "C0001962",
"name": "ethanol",
"pos": [
123,
130
]
} |
the precision in determination of t-butanol increases with increasing concentration , while for isopropanol , ethanol and methanol it decreases . | NA | {
"id": "C0001962",
"name": "ethanol",
"pos": [
110,
117
]
} | {
"id": "C0001963",
"name": "methanol",
"pos": [
122,
130
]
} |
the dye acriflavine is used for the selective detection of the carboxylic acid group in organic compounds . | NA | {
"id": "C0007066",
"name": "carboxylic acid",
"pos": [
63,
78
]
} | {
"id": "C0029224",
"name": "organic compounds",
"pos": [
88,
105
]
} |
the elements studied include nb , ta , ti , y , v , w and ni , and species shown to influence the atomic absorption include hydrofluoric , phosphoric and sulphuric acids , the ions of ca , k , al , fe and mn , and compounds such as edta and ammonium acetate . | NA | {
"id": "C0013879",
"name": "elements",
"pos": [
4,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0031705",
"name": "phosphoric",
"pos": [
139,
149
]
} |
a colorimetric study was made of the reactions of the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl ( dpph ) and the phenols pyrogallol and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol . | NA | {
"id": "C0031428",
"name": "phenols",
"pos": [
114,
121
]
} | {
"id": "C0034303",
"name": "pyrogallol",
"pos": [
122,
132
]
} |
the reaction of cyanide ion with the disulphides 2,2'-dithiodipyridine , 4,4'-dithiodipyridine , 2,2'-dithiodipyrimidine , and 5,5'-dithiobis ( 2-nitrobenzoic acid ) to displace an absorbing thiol anion has been evaluated for the spectrophotometric determination of cyanide . | NA | {
"id": "C0022023",
"name": "ion",
"pos": [
9,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0003075",
"name": "anion",
"pos": [
197,
202
]
} |
the reaction of cyanide ion with the disulphides 2,2'-dithiodipyridine , 4,4'-dithiodipyridine , 2,2'-dithiodipyrimidine , and 5,5'-dithiobis ( 2-nitrobenzoic acid ) to displace an absorbing thiol anion has been evaluated for the spectrophotometric determination of cyanide . | NA | {
"id": "C0003075",
"name": "anion",
"pos": [
197,
202
]
} | {
"id": "C0010505",
"name": "cyanide",
"pos": [
266,
273
]
} |
the coulometric determination of ce ( iii ) with octacyanomolybdate ( v ) in concentrated carbonate-bicarbonate buffer solutions was carried out . | NA | {
"id": "C0007026",
"name": "carbonate",
"pos": [
90,
99
]
} | {
"id": "C0005367",
"name": "bicarbonate",
"pos": [
100,
111
]
} |
the method has been worked out for determination of metal ions , anions and variable valence ions , with sensitivities as low as 10 ( -9 ) m . | NA | {
"id": "C0003075",
"name": "anions",
"pos": [
65,
71
]
} | {
"id": "C0022023",
"name": "ions",
"pos": [
93,
97
]
} |
some multicomponent separations are the separation of rare earths ( iii ) and thorium ( iv ) from scandium ( iii ) and the separation of rare earths ( iii ) from iron ( iii ) and uranium ( vi ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0036274",
"name": "scandium",
"pos": [
98,
106
]
} | {
"id": "C0025556",
"name": "rare",
"pos": [
137,
141
]
} |
techniques for adding appropriate internal standards are described and relative sensitivity factors for rare earth impurities in rare earths , lanthanum , yttrium and scandium matrices are presented . | NA | {
"id": "C0025556",
"name": "rare",
"pos": [
104,
108
]
} | {
"id": "C0043432",
"name": "yttrium",
"pos": [
155,
162
]
} |
techniques for adding appropriate internal standards are described and relative sensitivity factors for rare earth impurities in rare earths , lanthanum , yttrium and scandium matrices are presented . | NA | {
"id": "C0025556",
"name": "rare",
"pos": [
104,
108
]
} | {
"id": "C0036274",
"name": "scandium",
"pos": [
167,
175
]
} |
the use of nitrilotriacetic acid to enhance the catalytic effect of manganese ions on the oxidation of malachite green cations is reported . | NA | {
"id": "C0022023",
"name": "ions",
"pos": [
78,
82
]
} | {
"id": "C0007447",
"name": "cations",
"pos": [
119,
126
]
} |
cation-exchange chromatography in a dimethylsulphoxide ( dmso ) medium is a suitable means for separating uranium from metal ions , including copper , iron , nickel and molybdenum . | NA | {
"id": "C0007447",
"name": "cation",
"pos": [
0,
6
]
} | {
"id": "C0022023",
"name": "ions",
"pos": [
125,
129
]
} |
none of the organic solvents methanol , ethanol , methyl glycol , acetone , dioxan or acetic acid was found to produce favourable separation conditions . | NA | {
"id": "C0001963",
"name": "methanol",
"pos": [
29,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0001962",
"name": "ethanol",
"pos": [
40,
47
]
} |
hydrogen cyanide , distilled from a mercury ( ii ) cyanide-halide-dilute sulphuric acid system is found by iodometric measurement to be directly proportional to the amount of chloride or bromide and of hydrogen ion in acids such as sulphuric acid . | NA | {
"id": "C0038784",
"name": "sulphuric acid",
"pos": [
73,
87
]
} | {
"id": "C0038786",
"name": "acids",
"pos": [
218,
223
]
} |
pointwise titrations of aluminium nitrate solutions with sodium fluoride were made at ionic strengths of 0.5 , 0.2 , 0.1 and 0.05m and at temperatures of 25 degrees and 37 degrees . the total al ( 3+ ) concentration was kept constant at 5 x 10 ( -4 ) m and the total f ( - ) concentration covered the range 5-20 x 10 ( -4 ) m with a minimum of 20 points per titration . | NA | {
"id": "C0037508",
"name": "sodium fluoride",
"pos": [
57,
72
]
} | {
"id": "C0016327",
"name": "f",
"pos": [
342,
343
]
} |
determination of aluminium in molybdenum and tungsten metals , iron , steel and ferrous and non-ferrous alloys with pyrocatechol violet . | NA | {
"id": "C0038239",
"name": "steel",
"pos": [
70,
75
]
} | {
"id": "C0002154",
"name": "alloys",
"pos": [
104,
110
]
} |
the proposed method is also applicable to iron , steel , ferrovanadium , and copper-base alloys after preliminary removal of the matrix elements by a mercury cathode separation . | NA | {
"id": "C0038239",
"name": "steel",
"pos": [
49,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C0002154",
"name": "alloys",
"pos": [
89,
95
]
} |
ice and liquid water phase clouds can be distinguished by the measurement of angular distribution of various polarization parameters at wavelengths for which there is a marked difference in the indices of refraction for the two phases . | NA | {
"id": "C0020746",
"name": "ice",
"pos": [
0,
3
]
} | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
15,
20
]
} |
plots of the angular distribution of the scattered radiation for the perpendicular polarization , parallel polarization , polarization ratio , polarization , ellipticity and plane of polarization of the polarization ellipse show marked differences in the scattering by ice and water clouds . | NA | {
"id": "C0020746",
"name": "ice",
"pos": [
269,
272
]
} | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
277,
282
]
} |
the radiance and polarization are calculated at six wavelengths from 0.7 micro to 6.05 micro for the photons reflected from and transmitted through two model clouds representing water and ice clouds with modal radii of 12 micro and 50 micro , respectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
178,
183
]
} | {
"id": "C0020746",
"name": "ice",
"pos": [
188,
191
]
} |
the single scattering matrix is obtained from the mie theory for spherical particles from the measured values of the complex index of refraction for water and ice . | NA | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
149,
154
]
} | {
"id": "C0020746",
"name": "ice",
"pos": [
159,
162
]
} |
the reflected radiance is considerably less for the ice than for the nimbostatus ( water ) model at all angles at most infrared wavelengths , particularly at wavelengths of 1.7 micro , 2.1 micro , and 3.5 micro . | NA | {
"id": "C0020746",
"name": "ice",
"pos": [
52,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
83,
88
]
} |
these differences may be used in order to discriminate between water and ice clouds from measurements of the reflected radiation . | NA | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
63,
68
]
} | {
"id": "C0020746",
"name": "ice",
"pos": [
73,
76
]
} |
the photons are emitted within a narrow cone , scattered by water droplets and ice crystals in clouds as well as by rayleigh scattering centers and aerosols , and finally detected at the source position . | NA | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
60,
65
]
} | {
"id": "C0020746",
"name": "ice",
"pos": [
79,
82
]
} |
etch-decoration reveals that the rate of removal of carbon atoms exposed at monolayer steps on graphite surfaces is very different from the rate of removal , under identical conditions , at multilayer steps . | NA | {
"id": "C0007009",
"name": "carbon",
"pos": [
52,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0302933",
"name": "graphite",
"pos": [
95,
103
]
} |
the concentration of dissolved silica in equilibrium with quartz at 20 degrees c and 1 atmosphere is 4.4+/-0.3 parts per million , a value in agreement with the theoretical value obtained by a constant heat capacity fit of higher temperature equilibrium data . | NA | {
"id": "C0037098",
"name": "silica",
"pos": [
31,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0034387",
"name": "quartz",
"pos": [
58,
64
]
} |
it was extracted with 80 percent ethanol or 80 percent methanol and was heat-stable and not dialyzable . | NA | {
"id": "C0001962",
"name": "ethanol",
"pos": [
33,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C0001963",
"name": "methanol",
"pos": [
55,
63
]
} |
the results for the index of refraction eliminate the possibility that the visible clouds are composed of pure water or ice . | NA | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
111,
116
]
} | {
"id": "C0020746",
"name": "ice",
"pos": [
120,
123
]
} |
a mixture of ammonia , nitrogen , and hydrogen was released from the mariner spacecraft , and spectra were recorded while these gases were illuminated by sunlight . | NA | {
"id": "C0002607",
"name": "ammonia",
"pos": [
13,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0017110",
"name": "gases",
"pos": [
128,
133
]
} |
incorporation into total protein and into egg proteins was inhibited by puromycin , and 1.2 and 0.13mug of puromycin/mg of tissue protein , respectively , gave 50 % inhibition . | NA | {
"id": "C0013700",
"name": "egg proteins",
"pos": [
42,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
130,
137
]
} |
the synthetic polyribonucleotides adenylic acid ( poly a ) , uridylic acid ( poly u ) , cytidylic acid ( poly c ) , and inosinic acid ( poly i ) , whether single- or double-stranded ( poly a : u , poly i : c ) , can not replace mycobacterial ribonucleic acid ( rna ) in the production of a high immune response in cf-1 mice against tuberculous disease . | NA | {
"id": "C0032417",
"name": "poly",
"pos": [
14,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0032590",
"name": "poly a",
"pos": [
184,
190
]
} |
the synthetic polyribonucleotides adenylic acid ( poly a ) , uridylic acid ( poly u ) , cytidylic acid ( poly c ) , and inosinic acid ( poly i ) , whether single- or double-stranded ( poly a : u , poly i : c ) , can not replace mycobacterial ribonucleic acid ( rna ) in the production of a high immune response in cf-1 mice against tuberculous disease . | NA | {
"id": "C0032408",
"name": "poly c",
"pos": [
105,
111
]
} | {
"id": "C0032590",
"name": "poly a",
"pos": [
184,
190
]
} |
the synthetic polyribonucleotides adenylic acid ( poly a ) , uridylic acid ( poly u ) , cytidylic acid ( poly c ) , and inosinic acid ( poly i ) , whether single- or double-stranded ( poly a : u , poly i : c ) , can not replace mycobacterial ribonucleic acid ( rna ) in the production of a high immune response in cf-1 mice against tuberculous disease . | NA | {
"id": "C0032408",
"name": "poly c",
"pos": [
105,
111
]
} | {
"id": "C0032414",
"name": "poly i : c",
"pos": [
197,
207
]
} |
the synthetic polyribonucleotides adenylic acid ( poly a ) , uridylic acid ( poly u ) , cytidylic acid ( poly c ) , and inosinic acid ( poly i ) , whether single- or double-stranded ( poly a : u , poly i : c ) , can not replace mycobacterial ribonucleic acid ( rna ) in the production of a high immune response in cf-1 mice against tuberculous disease . | NA | {
"id": "C0032413",
"name": "poly i",
"pos": [
136,
142
]
} | {
"id": "C0032590",
"name": "poly a",
"pos": [
184,
190
]
} |
also , in addition to the physical methods of characterization , chemical treatment by absorption with kaolin or acetone extraction indicate both phenomena to be the result of the action of lipids or lipoproteins . | NA | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipids",
"pos": [
190,
196
]
} | {
"id": "C0023820",
"name": "lipoproteins",
"pos": [
200,
212
]
} |
aerosols of double-stranded complexes of polyinosinic and polycytidylic acids ( poly i : c ) were useful in protecting mice infected with aerosols of influenza ( a ( 2 ) /taiwan/64 ) and parainfluenza type 1 ( sendai ) viruses . | NA | {
"id": "C0032408",
"name": "polycytidylic acids",
"pos": [
58,
77
]
} | {
"id": "C0032414",
"name": "poly i : c",
"pos": [
80,
90
]
} |
at the cellular level , these amino acids reduced the amount of acetohydroxy acid synthetase in cells grown with l-homoserine and competed with dl-homoserine-4- ( 14 ) c for entrance into the extractable cell pool . l-isoleucine also antagonized the conversion of l-homoserine to alpha-amino-n-butyric acid . | NA | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acids",
"pos": [
30,
41
]
} | {
"id": "C0019892",
"name": "homoserine",
"pos": [
266,
276
]
} |
smooth organisms which are completely resistant to the bactericidal action of immune serum plus complement in the presence of divalent cations become quite sensitive in a test system containing a relatively high concentration of certain univalent cations ; | NA | {
"id": "C0007448",
"name": "divalent cations",
"pos": [
126,
142
]
} | {
"id": "C0007447",
"name": "cations",
"pos": [
247,
254
]
} |
immunodiffusion studies with unabsorbed antisera and antisera absorbed with bcg and bcg-r suggested that an antigenic component in bcg is lacking or diminished in bcg-r and that anti-bcg has antibodies not found in anti-bcg-r . | NA | {
"id": "C0020960",
"name": "antisera",
"pos": [
40,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
191,
201
]
} |
a glucose-rhamnose disaccharide in which the hexose and pentose are linked as in the trisaccharide was an effective inhibitor of the precipitin reaction . | NA | {
"id": "C0017725",
"name": "glucose",
"pos": [
2,
9
]
} | {
"id": "C0019494",
"name": "hexose",
"pos": [
45,
51
]
} |
predominantly alpha-adrenergic stimulation achieved by combining propranolol with epinephrine or norepinephrine not only prevented the inhibitory activity of the sympathomimetic amines but also resulted in an enhanced release of histamine and srs-a . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
82,
93
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
97,
111
]
} |
the cellular traits described in such cultures serve to distinguish these synovial cells from other types of human fibroblasts , and several cellular alterations have been found in cultures derived from membranes of rheumatoid arthritic patients . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cellular",
"pos": [
4,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
115,
126
]
} |
the roles of immune complex size , precipitating and nonprecipitating ( total abc ) antibodies , and res function in the development of chronic serum sickness glomerulonephritis are discussed . | NA | {
"id": "C0003313",
"name": "immune complex",
"pos": [
13,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
84,
94
]
} |
amitrole ( 3-amino-s-triazole ) , dichlormate ( 3,4-dichlorobenzyl methylcarbamate ) , and pyriclor ( 2,3,5-trichloro-4-pyridinol ) inhibited normal carotenogenesis in etiolated wheat ( triticum aestivum l. var . coker 65-20 ) seedlings . | NA | {
"id": "C0002602",
"name": "amitrole",
"pos": [
0,
8
]
} | {
"id": "C0040880",
"name": "triazole",
"pos": [
21,
29
]
} |
seventeen protein amino acids were tested for their effects on glutamine uptake . l-alanine , l-cysteine , l-glutamic acid , glycine , l-serine , and l-methionine were the only inhibitory amino acids . | NA | {
"id": "C0001898",
"name": "alanine",
"pos": [
84,
91
]
} | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acids",
"pos": [
188,
199
]
} |
seventeen protein amino acids were tested for their effects on glutamine uptake . l-alanine , l-cysteine , l-glutamic acid , glycine , l-serine , and l-methionine were the only inhibitory amino acids . | NA | {
"id": "C0017890",
"name": "glycine",
"pos": [
125,
132
]
} | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acids",
"pos": [
188,
199
]
} |
the inhibition by amino acids was not reversed by divalent cations . d-alanine and d-methionine had no effect on glutamine uptake . | NA | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acids",
"pos": [
18,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0001898",
"name": "alanine",
"pos": [
71,
78
]
} |
isolated cotyledons of fenugreek ( trigonella foenum graecum l. ) , which respond rapidly and specifically to the application of cytokinins with stimulated expansion , have been used to study the primary action of kinetin . | NA | {
"id": "C0010815",
"name": "cytokinins",
"pos": [
129,
139
]
} | {
"id": "C0049579",
"name": "kinetin",
"pos": [
214,
221
]
} |
indoleacetic acid at 0.017 millimolar inhibited the formation of three peroxidase isoenzymes in both soluble and wall-bound enzyme fractions of wheat coleoptile ( triticum vulgare ) tissue . | NA | {
"id": "C0022173",
"name": "isoenzymes",
"pos": [
82,
92
]
} | {
"id": "C0014442",
"name": "enzyme",
"pos": [
124,
130
]
} |
cell-free extracts from several microorganisms , when prepared by methods originally devised for chlorella pyrenoidosa ( emerson strain 3 ) and incubated anaerobically with atp , mg ( 2+ ) , and 2 , 3-dimercaptopropan-1-ol , are capable of reducing sulfate- ( 35 ) s to thiosulfate . | NA | {
"id": "C0038720",
"name": "sulfate",
"pos": [
249,
256
]
} | {
"id": "C0039950",
"name": "thiosulfate",
"pos": [
270,
281
]
} |
moreover , three mutant strains of s. typhimurium ( ba-25 , ce-363 , and bc-482 ) previously reported by other workers to be unable to reduce sulfate to sulfite also can not form thiosulfate , and one mutant strain ( cd-68 ) reportedly able to form sulfite can also form thiosulfate . | NA | {
"id": "C0038720",
"name": "sulfate",
"pos": [
142,
149
]
} | {
"id": "C0039950",
"name": "thiosulfate",
"pos": [
271,
282
]
} |
taken together , this suggests that thiosulfate-forming activity may be a common feature of sulfate-reducing systems , and it may be present in enzymatic systems previously thought to be forming sulfite . | NA | {
"id": "C0039950",
"name": "thiosulfate",
"pos": [
36,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0038720",
"name": "sulfate",
"pos": [
92,
99
]
} |
seven mutants of chlorella pyrenoidosa ( emerson strain 3 ) impaired for sulfate utilization have been isolated after treatment of the wild-type organism with nitrosoguanidine by replica plating on media containing thiosulfate and l-methionine . | NA | {
"id": "C0038720",
"name": "sulfate",
"pos": [
73,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0039950",
"name": "thiosulfate",
"pos": [
215,
226
]
} |
these mutants fall into three classes based on their ability to grow on sulfate , accumulate compounds labeled from sulfate- ( 35 ) s , and reduce adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate- ( 35 ) s ( paps- ( 35 ) s ) to thiosulfate- ( 35 ) s . | NA | {
"id": "C0038720",
"name": "sulfate",
"pos": [
72,
79
]
} | {
"id": "C0039950",
"name": "thiosulfate",
"pos": [
220,
231
]
} |
mutant sat ( 2 ) ( - ) can not grow on sulfate , but it accumulates thiosulfate- ( 35 ) s and homocysteic acid- ( 35 ) s from sulfate- ( 35 ) s in vivo . | NA | {
"id": "C0039950",
"name": "thiosulfate",
"pos": [
68,
79
]
} | {
"id": "C0038720",
"name": "sulfate",
"pos": [
126,
133
]
} |
mutants sat ( 1 ) ( - ) , sat ( 3 ) ( - ) , sat ( 4 ) ( - ) , sat ( 5 ) ( - ) , and sat ( 6 ) ( - ) can not grow on sulfate , and their extracts lack the ability to reduce paps- ( 35 ) s to thiosulfate- ( 35 ) s . | NA | {
"id": "C0038720",
"name": "sulfate",
"pos": [
116,
123
]
} | {
"id": "C0039950",
"name": "thiosulfate",
"pos": [
190,
201
]
} |
mutant sat ( 7 ) ( - ) r ( 1 ) , a probable revertant , can grow on sulfate but still lacks the ability to reduce paps- ( 35 ) s to thiosulfate- ( 35 ) s in vitro . | NA | {
"id": "C0038720",
"name": "sulfate",
"pos": [
68,
75
]
} | {
"id": "C0039950",
"name": "thiosulfate",
"pos": [
132,
143
]
} |
all mutants can grow on thiosulfate and all possess the activating enzymes which convert sulfate to paps . | NA | {
"id": "C0039950",
"name": "thiosulfate",
"pos": [
24,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0038720",
"name": "sulfate",
"pos": [
89,
96
]
} |
it is postulated that floral induction in arabidopsis may be the result of a continuous excitation of a stable form of far red-absorbing phytochrome localized in or on a membrane , and that excitation can be either by direct absorption of energy by far red-absorbing phytochrome or by transfer from an accessory pigment . | NA | {
"id": "C0250581",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
12,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0031857",
"name": "phytochrome",
"pos": [
267,
278
]
} |
the molecular size of amylose and amylopectin and amylose content of the starch were similar in both culm and leaf sheaths . | NA | {
"id": "C0002728",
"name": "amylopectin",
"pos": [
34,
45
]
} | {
"id": "C0038179",
"name": "starch",
"pos": [
73,
79
]
} |
the molecular size of amylose and amylopectin and amylose content of the starch were similar in both culm and leaf sheaths . | NA | {
"id": "C0002732",
"name": "amylose",
"pos": [
22,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0038179",
"name": "starch",
"pos": [
73,
79
]
} |
zymograms of these extracts showed only one alpha-amylase band , one beta-amylase band , two phosphorylase bands , and one q-enzyme band . | NA | {
"id": "C0002712",
"name": "amylase",
"pos": [
50,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C0005194",
"name": "beta-amylase",
"pos": [
69,
81
]
} |
however , threonine , lysine , beta-alanine , alanine , gamma-aminobutyrate , alpha-ketobutyrate , proline , arginine , glycine , leucine , and putrescine were inactive . | NA | {
"id": "C0000392",
"name": "beta-alanine",
"pos": [
31,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0001898",
"name": "alanine",
"pos": [
46,
53
]
} |
( 14 ) co ( 2 ) labeling of leaf discs pretreated with kinetin for 24 hours showed increased radioactivity in chloroform-soluble material and most sugar phosphates , and a 35 to 40 % decrease in radioactivity in the neutral sugars , glucose , sucrose , and fructose . | NA | {
"id": "C0242209",
"name": "sugars",
"pos": [
224,
230
]
} | {
"id": "C0038636",
"name": "sucrose",
"pos": [
243,
250
]
} |
chlorophylls a and b , pheophytins a and b , and pyropheophytin a were hydrolyzed by the enzyme while protochlorophyll a and 4-vinyl protochlorophyll a were not hydrolyzed but were competitive inhibitors . p-nitrophenyl acetate was not hydrolyzed . | NA | {
"id": "C0008260",
"name": "chlorophylls",
"pos": [
0,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0031512",
"name": "pheophytins",
"pos": [
23,
34
]
} |
both the high affinity and low affinity absorption mechanisms show a development of na ( + ) transport with washing , and , in contrast to barley roots , cation selectivity in beet is not affected by the presence of calcium ions.k ( + ) and na ( + ) do not appear to compete for binding sites at the surface of the cells , but , as in barley roots , the cations compete in some way for electrically balancing transported ions . | NA | {
"id": "C0007447",
"name": "cations",
"pos": [
354,
361
]
} | {
"id": "C0022023",
"name": "ions",
"pos": [
421,
425
]
} |
the influence of indoleacetic acid , cacodylic acid ( hydroxy-dimethylarsine oxide ) , and amitrole ( 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole ) on the petiole explant abscission rate was studied in three species . | NA | {
"id": "C0002602",
"name": "amitrole",
"pos": [
91,
99
]
} | {
"id": "C0040880",
"name": "triazole",
"pos": [
116,
124
]
} |
at low concentrations , d-glucosamine is converted to uridine diphosphate-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine , phosphate esters of n-acetylglucosamine , and free n-acetylglucosamine . | NA | {
"id": "C0017718",
"name": "glucosamine",
"pos": [
26,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0001056",
"name": "acetylglucosamine",
"pos": [
152,
169
]
} |
in older tissues in which far red-absorbing phytochrome destruction begins immediately upon phototransformation , strong evidence for simultaneous far red-absorbing phytochrome reversion is obtained from comparison of far red-absorbing phytochrome loss in the dark following a single phototransformation with far red-absorbing phytochrome loss under continuous red light . | NA | {
"id": "C0031857",
"name": "phytochrome",
"pos": [
44,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C0250581",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
317,
318
]
} |
the effects of buffers and ethylenediaminetetraacetate on the different enzymes are illustrated by photographs and scans of the gels.rnase i , from endosperms and roots , was the fastest-moving corn rnase . | NA | {
"id": "C0035541",
"name": "rnase i",
"pos": [
133,
140
]
} | {
"id": "C0014241",
"name": "rnase",
"pos": [
199,
204
]
} |
in order to ensure that the activity of isozymes observed on gels reflected the changes found in peroxidase enzymes assayed spectrophotometrically in extracts , a study was made of extraction procedures , substrates , and reaction conditions for both types of enzyme measurements . | NA | {
"id": "C0022173",
"name": "isozymes",
"pos": [
40,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C0014442",
"name": "enzymes",
"pos": [
108,
115
]
} |
at 28 c , palmitic and stearic acids contained 23 % and 9 % respectively of total fatty acid- ( 14 ) c shortly after the ( 14 ) co ( 2 ) -application , whereas at 12 c the corresponding values were 19 % and 4 % , respectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0038230",
"name": "stearic acids",
"pos": [
23,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0015684",
"name": "fatty acid",
"pos": [
82,
92
]
} |
however , the dimensions of the most abundant phospholipid of etiolated peas , 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-sn-phosphatidyl choline are such that a monolayer of this lecithin would contain cavities 20 a long . | NA | {
"id": "C1959616",
"name": "phosphatidyl choline",
"pos": [
108,
128
]
} | {
"id": "C0031617",
"name": "lecithin",
"pos": [
163,
171
]
} |
analysis of the photosynthetic products showed that the formation of glycerate-3-phosphate was inhibited to a greater extent than the formation of all other products.co ( 2 ) fixation was partly resumed when chloroplasts were returned from a 0.67 m sorbitol to a 0.33 m sorbitol solution , regardless whether the transfer occurred in the light or in the dark . | NA | {
"id": "C0037688",
"name": "sorbitol",
"pos": [
249,
257
]
} | {
"id": "C0770619",
"name": "sorbitol solution",
"pos": [
270,
287
]
} |
the rate of glucose transfer from adenosine diphosphoglucose to rabbit liver glycogen of fraction ii was 78 % of the rate of glucose transfer to amylopectin , but with fraction i the rate of transfer of glucose to rabbit liver glycogen was 380 % of that observed to amylopectin . | NA | {
"id": "C0017911",
"name": "glycogen",
"pos": [
77,
85
]
} | {
"id": "C0023902",
"name": "liver glycogen",
"pos": [
221,
235
]
} |
by using [ 8- ( 14 ) c ] -n ( 6 ) - ( delta ( 2 ) -isopentenyl ) adenosine as a substrate , we detected the presence of enzyme activity in a crude extract of tobacco tissue that converts this cytokinin into adenosine . | NA | {
"id": "C0022218",
"name": "isopentenyl ) adenosine",
"pos": [
51,
74
]
} | {
"id": "C0001443",
"name": "adenosine",
"pos": [
207,
216
]
} |
similar experiments were carried out with solutions in which the main anion was sulfate instead of chloride . | NA | {
"id": "C0003075",
"name": "anion",
"pos": [
70,
75
]
} | {
"id": "C0038720",
"name": "sulfate",
"pos": [
80,
87
]
} |
similar experiments were carried out with solutions in which the main anion was sulfate instead of chloride . | NA | {
"id": "C0003075",
"name": "anion",
"pos": [
70,
75
]
} | {
"id": "C0008203",
"name": "chloride",
"pos": [
99,
107
]
} |
human erythrocyte plasma membranes were found to contain the following glycosidases : alpha- and beta-glucosidase , alpha- and beta-galactosidase , alpha- and beta-fucosidase , beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase , beta-n-acetylgalactosaminidase , beta-xylosidase and alpha-mannosidase . | NA | {
"id": "C0017976",
"name": "glycosidases",
"pos": [
71,
83
]
} | {
"id": "C0016787",
"name": "fucosidase",
"pos": [
164,
174
]
} |
inhibition of the permeability response to vasopressin and oxytocin in the toad bladder : effects of bradykinin , kallidin , eledoisin , and physalaemin . | NA | {
"id": "C0006100",
"name": "bradykinin",
"pos": [
101,
111
]
} | {
"id": "C0022474",
"name": "kallidin",
"pos": [
114,
122
]
} |
in view of the importance of neurohypophysial hormones and their target tissues to the osmotic homeostasis of amphibians , and the observation of antagonism between the kinins and the pituitary hormones coupled to the abundance of kinins in the amphibian organism , particularly in the skin and urinary bladder , teleological reasoning predicts a physiological role for the kinins , possibly functioning to dampen excesses and oscillations in membrane permeability that could occur in face of a constant and variable secretion of neurohypophysial hormone , thus adding to the homeostatic response of the amphibian organism . | NA | {
"id": "C0032015",
"name": "pituitary hormones",
"pos": [
184,
202
]
} | {
"id": "C0032017",
"name": "neurohypophysial hormone",
"pos": [
530,
554
]
} |
the questions underlying ion permeation mechanisms , the types of experiments available to answer these questions , and the properties of some likely permeation models are examined , as background to experiments designed to characterize the mechanism of alkali cation permeation across rabbit gallbladder epithelium . | NA | {
"id": "C0022023",
"name": "ion",
"pos": [
9,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0007447",
"name": "cation",
"pos": [
261,
267
]
} |
these results indicate that ans exists as an anion in the membrane , associated with the regions involved in ion permeability , and that the concentration of ans in the membrane is a function of the concentration of all the ions present in the medium and their relative affinities for the membrane . | NA | {
"id": "C0003075",
"name": "anion",
"pos": [
45,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C0022023",
"name": "ions",
"pos": [
224,
228
]
} |
the reversible binding of ( 14 ) c-decamethonium ( deca ) to excitable microsacs prepared from the electric tissue ofelectrophorus electricus is followed by an ultracentrifugal assay . alpha-bungarotoxin , a snake venom toxin , blocks irreversibly the binding of ( 14 ) c-deca . | NA | {
"id": "C0037380",
"name": "snake",
"pos": [
208,
213
]
} | {
"id": "C0042479",
"name": "venom",
"pos": [
214,
219
]
} |
this was found with the metabolizable amino acidsl-leucine , l-arginine , l-glutamic acid , andl-glutamine , and with the non-metabolizable amino acids cycloleucine and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid . | NA | {
"id": "C0061472",
"name": "l-glutamic acid",
"pos": [
74,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C0017797",
"name": "glutamine",
"pos": [
97,
106
]
} |
dinitrofluorobenzene ( dnfb ) inhibits the penetration of anions such as sulfate , phosphate , succinate , and lactate , and facilitates the penetration of cations such as k ( + ) and na ( + ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0003075",
"name": "anions",
"pos": [
58,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0038720",
"name": "sulfate",
"pos": [
73,
80
]
} |
dinitrofluorobenzene ( dnfb ) inhibits the penetration of anions such as sulfate , phosphate , succinate , and lactate , and facilitates the penetration of cations such as k ( + ) and na ( + ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0003075",
"name": "anions",
"pos": [
58,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0031603",
"name": "phosphate",
"pos": [
83,
92
]
} |
the effects of dnfb on ion permeability are similar to those of more specific amino reactive agents like trinitrobenzene sulfonate and 2-methoxy-5-nitrotropone.anion permeability reacts more sensitively to dnfb than cation permeability . | NA | {
"id": "C0022023",
"name": "ion",
"pos": [
23,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0003075",
"name": "anion",
"pos": [
160,
165
]
} |
the effects of dnfb on ion permeability are similar to those of more specific amino reactive agents like trinitrobenzene sulfonate and 2-methoxy-5-nitrotropone.anion permeability reacts more sensitively to dnfb than cation permeability . | NA | {
"id": "C0022023",
"name": "ion",
"pos": [
23,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0007447",
"name": "cation",
"pos": [
216,
222
]
} |
effects of the endosperm mutants , waxy ( wx ) , shrunken ( sh 2 ) and sugary ( su 1 ) on the carbohydrate and lipid percentage . | NA | {
"id": "C0043076",
"name": "waxy",
"pos": [
35,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipid",
"pos": [
111,
116
]
} |
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