text stringlengths 57 1.72k | relation stringclasses 125
values | h dict | t dict |
|---|---|---|---|
there is controversy concerning the origin of the carbon skeleton of alanine produced in muscle , specifically whether it is derived from carbohydrate via glycolysis ( the glucose-alanine cycle ) or from amino acid precursors ( viz . glutamate , valine , isoleucine , methionine , aspartate , asparagine ) via a pathway involving phosphoenolpyruvate ( pep ) carboxykinase and pyruvate kinase , or nadp-malate dehydrogenase ( malic enzyme ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0001898",
"name": "alanine",
"pos": [
69,
76
]
} | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acid",
"pos": [
204,
214
]
} |
the relevant literature is reviewed and it is concluded that neogenic flux from amino acids is unlikely to be of major quantitative importance for provision of the carbon skeleton of alanine either in vitro or in vivo . | NA | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acids",
"pos": [
80,
91
]
} | {
"id": "C0001898",
"name": "alanine",
"pos": [
183,
190
]
} |
ultrastructural investigation showed in lcl from npd type a , the presence of numerous osmiophilic , electron-dense inclusions with myelin-like figures characteristic of the accumulation of sphingomyelin ( and other amphiphilic lipids ) similar to those observed in tissues of patients affected with npd . | NA | {
"id": "C0268242",
"name": "npd type a",
"pos": [
49,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C0028064",
"name": "npd",
"pos": [
300,
303
]
} |
the hd50 values for pentobarbital-induced hypnosis were higher in all mice that were long-term treated with sodium pentobarbital , whether or not they were isolated or in groups . | NA | {
"id": "C0030883",
"name": "pentobarbital",
"pos": [
20,
33
]
} | {
"id": "C0700349",
"name": "sodium pentobarbital",
"pos": [
108,
128
]
} |
cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) , thyrotropin releasing hormone ( trh ) , csf-vasopressin ( avp ) , plasma-avp , csf-osmolality , plasma-osmolality , csf-adrenaline ( a ) and -noradrenaline ( na ) were measured in psychiatric patients and controls . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "adrenaline",
"pos": [
150,
160
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "noradrenaline",
"pos": [
172,
185
]
} |
the effects of intracerebroventricular ( icv ) injections of avp , the vehicle , and avp antagonist , d ( ch2 ) 5tyr ( me ) avp , on mean arterial pressure ( map ) and plasma noradrenaline ( na ) and adrenaline ( a ) levels were determined in conscious unrestrained rats . | NA | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "noradrenaline",
"pos": [
175,
188
]
} | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "adrenaline",
"pos": [
200,
210
]
} |
the calcium ionophore , a23187 , and the tumor-promoting phorbol ester , phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate ( pma ) , interacted synergistically to elicit an accelerated superoxide production response in human neutrophils . | NA | {
"id": "C0031586",
"name": "phorbol ester",
"pos": [
57,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0039654",
"name": "phorbol",
"pos": [
73,
80
]
} |
six pigs fitted with permanent catheters in the portal vein and arterial blood system as well as within an electromagnetic flow probe around the portal vein received successively at 3-day intervals , three meals of 800 g each containing 0 , 14 , or 28 % protein ( semisynthetic diets based on fish protein ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
254,
261
]
} | {
"id": "C0598294",
"name": "fish protein",
"pos": [
293,
305
]
} |
the normal human fibroblast cell strain wi-38 was established in 1962 from fetal lung , and several hundred ampules of these cells were frozen in liquid nitrogen at that time . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblast",
"pos": [
17,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
125,
130
]
} |
the risk of such injuries rises as the intensity of trauma increases and as bone resistance to fracture decreases . | NA | {
"id": "C0043251",
"name": "trauma",
"pos": [
52,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0016658",
"name": "fracture",
"pos": [
95,
103
]
} |
both osteoporosis and trauma appear to be necessary but not sufficient causes of most age-related fractures . | NA | {
"id": "C0043251",
"name": "trauma",
"pos": [
22,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C0016658",
"name": "fractures",
"pos": [
98,
107
]
} |
to this end liposomes were either labeled in the lipid membrane or aqueous radiotracers were incorporated inside the lipid vesicles . | NA | {
"id": "C0025249",
"name": "lipid membrane",
"pos": [
49,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipid",
"pos": [
117,
122
]
} |
nucleic acids , either rna or dna , as well as enzymes or other entrapped substances , may be transferred in this manner . | NA | {
"id": "C0028606",
"name": "nucleic acids",
"pos": [
0,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
30,
33
]
} |
since the discovery of carbenicillin in 1970 , several groups of beta-lactam agents with remarkable activity against p. aeruginosa are actually available among penicillins such as ticarcillin , azlocillin , piperacillin , apalcillin and among cephalosporins : cefoperazone , cefsulodin as well as new structures including monobactams ( aztreonam ) and carbapenems with imipenem . | NA | {
"id": "C0282215",
"name": "beta-lactam",
"pos": [
65,
76
]
} | {
"id": "C0030842",
"name": "penicillins",
"pos": [
160,
171
]
} |
since the discovery of carbenicillin in 1970 , several groups of beta-lactam agents with remarkable activity against p. aeruginosa are actually available among penicillins such as ticarcillin , azlocillin , piperacillin , apalcillin and among cephalosporins : cefoperazone , cefsulodin as well as new structures including monobactams ( aztreonam ) and carbapenems with imipenem . | NA | {
"id": "C0282215",
"name": "beta-lactam",
"pos": [
65,
76
]
} | {
"id": "C0026458",
"name": "monobactams",
"pos": [
322,
333
]
} |
since the discovery of carbenicillin in 1970 , several groups of beta-lactam agents with remarkable activity against p. aeruginosa are actually available among penicillins such as ticarcillin , azlocillin , piperacillin , apalcillin and among cephalosporins : cefoperazone , cefsulodin as well as new structures including monobactams ( aztreonam ) and carbapenems with imipenem . | NA | {
"id": "C0282215",
"name": "beta-lactam",
"pos": [
65,
76
]
} | {
"id": "C0006968",
"name": "carbapenems",
"pos": [
352,
363
]
} |
[ 2 cases of bilateral acute necrotizing retinitis : 1 in icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis , the other caused by probable autoimmune involvement ( bilateral acute retinal necrosis ) ] . | NA | {
"id": "C0035333",
"name": "retinitis",
"pos": [
41,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C0035319",
"name": "acute retinal necrosis",
"pos": [
156,
178
]
} |
diseases in which involvement of the nails may be helpful in the diagnosis of dermatologic disease elsewhere include psoriasis , lichen planus , darier 's disease , alopecia areata and totalis , keratotic scabies , scleroderma , and lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis . | NA | {
"id": "C0027339",
"name": "diseases",
"pos": [
0,
8
]
} | {
"id": "C0037274",
"name": "dermatologic disease",
"pos": [
78,
98
]
} |
investigations of oxygen uptake and oxidized glutathione ( gssg ) formation during hrp-catalyzed oxidations of p-phenetidine and acetaminophen suggested that further reactions of the glutathionyl radical involve glutathione peroxysulfenyl radical and glutathione sulfenyl hydroperoxide production . | NA | {
"id": "C0061516",
"name": "gssg",
"pos": [
59,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C0017817",
"name": "glutathione",
"pos": [
251,
262
]
} |
unique 2-af/dna adducts were isolated and are distinct from the n- ( deoxyguanosin-8-yl ) -2-af adduct formed from the reaction of n-hydroxy-2-af with dna . | NA | {
"id": "C0242958",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
12,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
151,
154
]
} |
plasma concentrations of adrenaline , noradrenaline , renin and aldosterone were increased , as measured in the supine position . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "adrenaline",
"pos": [
25,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "noradrenaline",
"pos": [
38,
51
]
} |
in twenty-two healthy volunteers in normal conditions of daily life we studied the acute influence of smoking on the following parameters : beta-thromboglobulin , thromboxane b2 , epinephrine , norepinephrine , estrogen-stimulated neurophysin , and nicotine-stimulated-neurophysin . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
180,
191
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
194,
208
]
} |
apparent first-order rate constants for the metabolic processes involved in the formation of 1,3-dmx metabolites and their excretion in urine were calculated . | NA | {
"id": "C0025519",
"name": "metabolic processes",
"pos": [
44,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C0221102",
"name": "excretion",
"pos": [
123,
132
]
} |
tissue distribution , metabolism and excretion of 14c-s-adenosyl-l-homocyteine were investigated in rat after oral and intraperitoneal administration . | NA | {
"id": "C0025519",
"name": "metabolism",
"pos": [
22,
32
]
} | {
"id": "C0221102",
"name": "excretion",
"pos": [
37,
46
]
} |
the naf-sensitive isoenzyme was not detected in cases of fab groups m1/2 ( acute myeloblastic leukemia without or with maturation ) , group m3 ( acute promyelocytic leukemia ) or group m6 ( erythroleukemia ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0023467",
"name": "acute myeloblastic leukemia",
"pos": [
75,
102
]
} | {
"id": "C0023487",
"name": "acute promyelocytic leukemia",
"pos": [
145,
173
]
} |
physiological agonists epinephrine and norepinephrine competed with [ 3h ] -ligand sites with a higher affinity for alpha 2 sites than for beta 1 sites . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
23,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
39,
53
]
} |
when adenosine was prevented from accumulating in the incubation medium by inclusion of adenosine deaminase , low concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine preferentially exerted an antilipolytic action . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
132,
143
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
148,
162
]
} |
among the seven antibodies selected for their higher affinity for ventricular myosin heavy chains , only four antibodies detected significant and variable myosin amounts in the serum samples of nineteen patients with acute myocardial infarction ; | NA | {
"id": "C0027100",
"name": "myosin heavy chains",
"pos": [
78,
97
]
} | {
"id": "C0027096",
"name": "myosin",
"pos": [
155,
161
]
} |
however , in the nucleus , while this fraction is primarily composed of alpha crystallin early in life ( i.e . before 15 years of age ) , there is a gradual incorporation of other crystallins into the void volume . | NA | {
"id": "C0002257",
"name": "alpha crystallin",
"pos": [
72,
88
]
} | {
"id": "C0010422",
"name": "crystallins",
"pos": [
180,
191
]
} |
expression of the neural cell adhesion molecules l1 and n-cam and their common carbohydrate epitope l2/hnk-1 during development and after transection of the mouse sciatic nerve . | NA | {
"id": "C0950625",
"name": "neural cell adhesion molecules l1",
"pos": [
18,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0282587",
"name": "n-cam",
"pos": [
56,
61
]
} |
the expression of the neural cell adhesion molecules l1 and n-cam and of their shared carbohydrate epitope l2/hnk-1 was studied during the development and after the transection of mouse sciatic nerves . | NA | {
"id": "C0950625",
"name": "neural cell adhesion molecules l1",
"pos": [
22,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C0282587",
"name": "n-cam",
"pos": [
60,
65
]
} |
a new cytoskeletal protein , designated it protein , with a relative molecular weight of 46,000 and an isoelectric ph value of approximately 6.1 ( in 9.5 m urea ) was detected in all 9 cases of cutaneous ne tumors ( 'merkel-cell carcinomas ' ) , including 2 lymph-node metastases , but was not found in any of the 17 cases of pulmonary ne tumors . | NA | {
"id": "C0010852",
"name": "cytoskeletal protein",
"pos": [
6,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
43,
50
]
} |
17 had no coronary disease ( group c-0 ) , 22 had less than or equal to 50 % coronary stenosis ( c-1 ) , 65 had severe 1 vessel disease ( c-2 ) , 73 had 2 vessel disease ( c-3 ) , 89 had 3 vessel disease ( c-4 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0010068",
"name": "coronary disease",
"pos": [
10,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0242231",
"name": "coronary stenosis",
"pos": [
77,
94
]
} |
the target ss dna could be converted to the precisely cleaved ds dna by dna polymerase , utilizing the adapter oligodeoxynucleotide as primer . | NA | {
"id": "C0012935",
"name": "ss dna",
"pos": [
11,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "ds dna",
"pos": [
62,
68
]
} |
neither enzyme nor adapter alone has endonucleolytic activity toward phage m13mp7 ss dna , whereas the enzyme-adapter complex cleaves this ss target dna at the particular sites foreordained by the sequence of the ss domain of the adapter . | NA | {
"id": "C0014442",
"name": "enzyme",
"pos": [
8,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C0026741",
"name": "enzyme",
"pos": [
103,
109
]
} |
in addition to foki , other class iis enzymes , hphi , mboii and bbvi , which alone do not cleave ss dna , are suitable for construction of tailored enzyme-adapter complexes with predictable cleavage specificities . | NA | {
"id": "C0014442",
"name": "enzymes",
"pos": [
38,
45
]
} | {
"id": "C0026741",
"name": "enzyme",
"pos": [
149,
155
]
} |
when these circular single-stranded ( ss ) dnas were used to transform yeast spheroplasts , the m13 chimeric dna carrying the strand of ars189 rich in adenine generated approximately four times more yeast ura + transformants than the construct containing the thymine-rich strand . | NA | {
"id": "C0012935",
"name": "single-stranded",
"pos": [
20,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
109,
112
]
} |
the lower sensitivity of aa inhibition tests was due to the fact that these tests detect only complexes formed by igg but not by igm , whereas the remaining two tests detect complexes formed by antibodies of both these immunoglobulin classes . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
194,
204
]
} | {
"id": "C0021017",
"name": "immunoglobulin classes",
"pos": [
219,
241
]
} |
it is concluded that , despite their embryonic fibroblastic origin and their infinite life-span in culture , 10t1/2 cells are capable of a wide range of responses to carcinogens and modulators of carcinogenesis that correspond closely to those observed in vivo , for the most part in epithelial tissues . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblastic",
"pos": [
47,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
116,
121
]
} |
a critical analysis of the results reveals the following major factors in determining the outcome of an individual acetabular disruption : the damage to the acetabular articular surface , which is reflected by the pattern of fracture and its degree of comminution , impaction , and osteoporosis , and associated damage of the femoral head the adequacy of the reduction , which is reflected by intraoperative inspection and postoperative radiographs the associated complications of the fracture and treatment ( e.g. , avascular necrosis , sciatic palsy , and heterotopic ossification ) we recommend principles of treatment of acetabular fractures comparable to those employed for most other displaced intraarticular fractures , namely an anatomic reduction , stable internal fixation , and early motion , to realize reproducibly optimal results . | NA | {
"id": "C0016658",
"name": "fracture",
"pos": [
225,
233
]
} | {
"id": "C0476171",
"name": "comminution",
"pos": [
252,
263
]
} |
a critical analysis of the results reveals the following major factors in determining the outcome of an individual acetabular disruption : the damage to the acetabular articular surface , which is reflected by the pattern of fracture and its degree of comminution , impaction , and osteoporosis , and associated damage of the femoral head the adequacy of the reduction , which is reflected by intraoperative inspection and postoperative radiographs the associated complications of the fracture and treatment ( e.g. , avascular necrosis , sciatic palsy , and heterotopic ossification ) we recommend principles of treatment of acetabular fractures comparable to those employed for most other displaced intraarticular fractures , namely an anatomic reduction , stable internal fixation , and early motion , to realize reproducibly optimal results . | NA | {
"id": "C0016658",
"name": "fracture",
"pos": [
225,
233
]
} | {
"id": "C0332715",
"name": "intraarticular fractures",
"pos": [
700,
724
]
} |
nicardipine ( 1-30 micrograms ) , a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist when injected into the lad , increased lad flow without producing significant changes in other cardiohemodynamic variables . | NA | {
"id": "C0028005",
"name": "nicardipine",
"pos": [
0,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C2945601",
"name": "dihydropyridine calcium",
"pos": [
36,
59
]
} |
arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia may represent predominant involvement of the right ventricle in a generalized cardiomyopathic process , possibly as a consequence of healed myocarditis . | NA | {
"id": "C0349788",
"name": "arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia",
"pos": [
0,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0878544",
"name": "cardiomyopathic",
"pos": [
121,
136
]
} |
arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia may represent predominant involvement of the right ventricle in a generalized cardiomyopathic process , possibly as a consequence of healed myocarditis . | NA | {
"id": "C0878544",
"name": "cardiomyopathic",
"pos": [
121,
136
]
} | {
"id": "C0027059",
"name": "myocarditis",
"pos": [
183,
194
]
} |
their defects result in malalignments -- double outlet right ventricle and transposition of the great vessels , respectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0013069",
"name": "double outlet right ventricle",
"pos": [
41,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0040761",
"name": "transposition of the great",
"pos": [
75,
101
]
} |
the radiological bone changes have been studied in 50 patients comprising of lepromatous , tuberculoid , mixed ( borderline lepromatous , borderline tuberculoid , dimorphous ) and polyneuritic ( neural ) types of leprosy of which the former formed the largest group . | NA | {
"id": "C1562585",
"name": "borderline lepromatous",
"pos": [
113,
135
]
} | {
"id": "C0023343",
"name": "leprosy",
"pos": [
213,
220
]
} |
this paper reviews work on the presence , synthesis and developmental regulation of glycoconjugates ( proteoglycans , glycoproteins and glycolipids ) in the early amphibian embryo . | NA | {
"id": "C0017906",
"name": "glycoconjugates",
"pos": [
84,
99
]
} | {
"id": "C0017968",
"name": "glycoproteins",
"pos": [
118,
131
]
} |
this paper reviews work on the presence , synthesis and developmental regulation of glycoconjugates ( proteoglycans , glycoproteins and glycolipids ) in the early amphibian embryo . | NA | {
"id": "C0017906",
"name": "glycoconjugates",
"pos": [
84,
99
]
} | {
"id": "C0017950",
"name": "glycolipids",
"pos": [
136,
147
]
} |
in addition to ethanol , 1-propanol , 2-propanol , 1-butanol and acetic acid could induce germ tube formation , whereas methanol could not . | NA | {
"id": "C0001962",
"name": "ethanol",
"pos": [
15,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0022237",
"name": "2-propanol",
"pos": [
38,
48
]
} |
in addition to ethanol , 1-propanol , 2-propanol , 1-butanol and acetic acid could induce germ tube formation , whereas methanol could not . | NA | {
"id": "C0001962",
"name": "ethanol",
"pos": [
15,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0001963",
"name": "methanol",
"pos": [
120,
128
]
} |
bacterial dna was incubated with xanthine plus xanthine oxidase plus excess iron as an oxygen-species-generating system , and dna injury was measured by agarose gel electrophoresis and by the ability of the dna to transform competent bacteria . | NA | {
"id": "C0012924",
"name": "bacterial dna",
"pos": [
0,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
207,
210
]
} |
using aperiodic analysis , we compared the eeg produced by alfentanil with the eegs produced by two other opiates -- fentanyl and sufentanil -- on the one hand and with the eeg produced by a barbiturate -- thiopental -- on the other hand . | NA | {
"id": "C0002026",
"name": "alfentanil",
"pos": [
59,
69
]
} | {
"id": "C0015846",
"name": "fentanyl",
"pos": [
117,
125
]
} |
using aperiodic analysis , we compared the eeg produced by alfentanil with the eegs produced by two other opiates -- fentanyl and sufentanil -- on the one hand and with the eeg produced by a barbiturate -- thiopental -- on the other hand . | NA | {
"id": "C0015846",
"name": "fentanyl",
"pos": [
117,
125
]
} | {
"id": "C0143993",
"name": "sufentanil",
"pos": [
130,
140
]
} |
to gain insight into the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the development of mineralocorticoid hypertension , we determined noradrenaline and adrenaline in plasma and urine before , during and after administration of the synthetic steroid , fludrocortisone , for a period of 6 weeks in normotensive volunteer subjects . | NA | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "noradrenaline",
"pos": [
133,
146
]
} | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "adrenaline",
"pos": [
151,
161
]
} |
as liver tumors , adenoma , hepatocellular carcinoma , cholangioma and hemangioma were observed only in the mice treated with dhpn . | NA | {
"id": "C0001430",
"name": "adenoma",
"pos": [
18,
25
]
} | {
"id": "C0008309",
"name": "cholangioma",
"pos": [
55,
66
]
} |
in seriously ill adult patients , we recommend the use of 1 g/kg of activated charcoal in 4.3 ml/kg body weight of 70 % sorbitol every 4 hours until the first stool containing charcoal appears . | NA | {
"id": "C0001275",
"name": "activated charcoal",
"pos": [
68,
86
]
} | {
"id": "C0007955",
"name": "charcoal",
"pos": [
176,
184
]
} |
patients requiring multiple doses may be administered activated charcoal as aqueous and sorbitol suspensions alternately every 2-6 hours after the first charcoal stool has appeared . | NA | {
"id": "C0001275",
"name": "activated charcoal",
"pos": [
54,
72
]
} | {
"id": "C0007955",
"name": "charcoal",
"pos": [
153,
161
]
} |
in order to evaluate the correlation between sulfur amino acids ( derived mainly form animal protein in the diet ) and blood pressure , free amino acids , including sulfur amino acids such as taurine and methionine , were determined in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) of twelve normotensive subjects and twelve patients with essential hypertension under nutritional control after at least 10 days of standard hospital diet ( total calorie and protein content : 2100-2300 cal per day and 78-83 g per day , respectively ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acids",
"pos": [
52,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C0002527",
"name": "sulfur amino acids",
"pos": [
165,
183
]
} |
in the control group , which did not receive prazosin , plasma epinephrine , plasma norepinephrine and plasma renin activity ( pra ) all increased along with a rise in blood pressure during hypoglycemia . | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
63,
74
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
84,
98
]
} |
[ two cases of lung cancer associated with chronic arsenic poisoning in an arsenic oxide ( as2o3 ) refinery ] . | NA | {
"id": "C0003818",
"name": "arsenic",
"pos": [
51,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0052416",
"name": "as2o3",
"pos": [
91,
96
]
} |
uv irradiation caused degradation of alpha-crystallin to proteins with lower molecular weight , and thus the crystallin did not show insolubility . beta h- and beta l-crystallin showed insolubilization and aggregation with yellow coloration by photooxidation . | NA | {
"id": "C0002257",
"name": "alpha-crystallin",
"pos": [
37,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0010422",
"name": "crystallin",
"pos": [
167,
177
]
} |
uv irradiation caused degradation of alpha-crystallin to proteins with lower molecular weight , and thus the crystallin did not show insolubility . beta h- and beta l-crystallin showed insolubilization and aggregation with yellow coloration by photooxidation . | NA | {
"id": "C0010422",
"name": "crystallin",
"pos": [
43,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0005203",
"name": "beta",
"pos": [
160,
164
]
} |
effects of catecholamines on myocardial viability in early reperfusion following hypothermic global ischemia in dogs -- comparison between epinephrine and dobutamine . | NA | {
"id": "C0007412",
"name": "catecholamines",
"pos": [
11,
25
]
} | {
"id": "C0012963",
"name": "dobutamine",
"pos": [
155,
165
]
} |
these results suggest that epinephrine ( 0.1 microgram/kg/min ) will improve stroke volume index and left ventricular stroke work index , as does dobutamine ( 5 micrograms/kg/min ) , however , both agents had a minimal effect on reducing myocardial morphological and biochemical integrity , although catecholamines have detrimental effects on the myocardium in early reperfusion following ischemia . | NA | {
"id": "C0012963",
"name": "dobutamine",
"pos": [
146,
156
]
} | {
"id": "C0007412",
"name": "catecholamines",
"pos": [
300,
314
]
} |
nedh/c rats with an implanted fibrosarcoma were put on one of two total parenteral nutrition regimens , one of an amino acid formula containing 25 per cent bcaa , by weight and the other containing 50 per cent bcaa . | NA | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acid",
"pos": [
114,
124
]
} | {
"id": "C0002521",
"name": "bcaa",
"pos": [
210,
214
]
} |
[ effect of probucol on lipid and lipoprotein levels and serum apolipoproteins a1 and b in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia type ii ] . | NA | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipid",
"pos": [
24,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0023820",
"name": "lipoprotein",
"pos": [
110,
121
]
} |
plasma concentrations of diazepam and n-desmethyldiazepam in asian children after an intravenous or rectal dose of diazepam . | NA | {
"id": "C0012010",
"name": "diazepam",
"pos": [
25,
33
]
} | {
"id": "C0011279",
"name": "desmethyldiazepam",
"pos": [
40,
57
]
} |
further , it was also noted that the extent of activation of the disaccharidases with ke or a , both at higher and lower doses , followed the order : ( a ) maltase greater than sucrase greater than lactase in duodenum and ( b ) maltase greater than lactase greater than sucrase in jejunum and ileum . | NA | {
"id": "C0012610",
"name": "disaccharidases",
"pos": [
65,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0038634",
"name": "sucrase",
"pos": [
270,
277
]
} |
three anaesthetics ( halothane , cf3chclbr ; ethrane , f2 hcof2cchclf ; cyclopropane ) and one other halogenated , short-chain hydrocarbon ( f-12 , cl2f2c ) were tested under various conditions to determine their effects on the viability of cells of escherichia coli and the activities of some of its enzymes . | NA | {
"id": "C0018549",
"name": "halothane",
"pos": [
21,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0020250",
"name": "halogenated",
"pos": [
101,
112
]
} |
the purified polysaccharide behaved as a negatively-charged polymer on electrophoresis in 1 % agarose ( at ph 8.6 ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0032594",
"name": "polysaccharide",
"pos": [
13,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0036681",
"name": "agarose",
"pos": [
94,
101
]
} |
these results suggest that turnover of precursor proteins of the spore coat is very rapid if precursor proteins are produced and they are proteolytically processed to produce mature proteins . | NA | {
"id": "C0033665",
"name": "precursor proteins",
"pos": [
39,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
182,
190
]
} |
we recently reported on the ability of the myelin fraction of the murine brain to activate the complement system through the classical pathway , which might be important in the induction of secondary inflammation in various pathological conditions where brain tissue has been exposed to the complement . | NA | {
"id": "C0021368",
"name": "inflammation",
"pos": [
200,
212
]
} | {
"id": "C0030660",
"name": "pathological",
"pos": [
224,
236
]
} |
among the 18 monoclonal antibodies , rgama-1 was a unique antibody which reacted only to serovar icterohaemorrhagiae and serovar hualien , indicating that it must be the serovar icterohaemorrhagiae specific antibody . | NA | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "monoclonal",
"pos": [
13,
23
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
207,
215
]
} |
a review of previously described cases reveals that this rare ocular infection tends to cause recalcitrant corneal ulcers after minor eye injuries in otherwise healthy individuals . | NA | {
"id": "C0015403",
"name": "ocular infection",
"pos": [
62,
78
]
} | {
"id": "C0010043",
"name": "corneal ulcers",
"pos": [
107,
121
]
} |
acid extracts of newt brain areas were immunopositive for substance p with an antibody specific for the cooh-terminal ( tachykinin determinant ) and exhibits an elution profile by gel filtration characteristic to substance p . | NA | {
"id": "C0039241",
"name": "tachykinin",
"pos": [
120,
130
]
} | {
"id": "C0038585",
"name": "substance p",
"pos": [
213,
224
]
} |
the immunohistochemical detection of six distinct sequences of proglucagon and its derivatives ( grpp , glicentin , glucagon-37 , glucagon-29 , glp1 , glp2 and mpgf ) in both intestinal l cells and pancreatic or gastric a cells of some mammals ( dog , man , guinea pig ) confirms that the two cell types produce the same proglucagon molecule , although the final step of its post-translational processing differs in the two cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0061309",
"name": "glicentin",
"pos": [
104,
113
]
} | {
"id": "C0072092",
"name": "proglucagon",
"pos": [
321,
332
]
} |
the immunohistochemical detection of six distinct sequences of proglucagon and its derivatives ( grpp , glicentin , glucagon-37 , glucagon-29 , glp1 , glp2 and mpgf ) in both intestinal l cells and pancreatic or gastric a cells of some mammals ( dog , man , guinea pig ) confirms that the two cell types produce the same proglucagon molecule , although the final step of its post-translational processing differs in the two cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0017687",
"name": "glucagon",
"pos": [
66,
74
]
} | {
"id": "C0072092",
"name": "proglucagon",
"pos": [
321,
332
]
} |
until recently , substance p was widely believed to be the only mammalian representative of the tachykinin peptide family . | NA | {
"id": "C0038585",
"name": "substance p",
"pos": [
17,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C0039241",
"name": "tachykinin",
"pos": [
96,
106
]
} |
in 1983 , however , four independent groups using three different approaches reported that mammalian tissues also contain two novel tachykinins which resemble the amphibian tachykinin kassinin in both c-terminal sequence and pharmacology . | NA | {
"id": "C0039241",
"name": "tachykinin",
"pos": [
132,
142
]
} | {
"id": "C0022528",
"name": "kassinin",
"pos": [
184,
192
]
} |
with hindsight , it is clear that some of the activities once thought to be mediated by substance p may in fact be mediated by another mammalian tachykinin . | NA | {
"id": "C0038585",
"name": "substance p",
"pos": [
88,
99
]
} | {
"id": "C0039241",
"name": "tachykinin",
"pos": [
145,
155
]
} |
pharmacological properties of the nonmammalian angiotensins compared with the synthetic analogs in one representative species of three distinct classes of vertebrates suggest that : in spite of variation in position 9 of the nonmammalian angiotensins i , the pressor activity of these peptides in rat and in dogfish shark is due to their conversion into the corresponding angiotensin ii ; | NA | {
"id": "C0003018",
"name": "angiotensins",
"pos": [
47,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C0003006",
"name": "angiotensins i",
"pos": [
238,
252
]
} |
pharmacological properties of the nonmammalian angiotensins compared with the synthetic analogs in one representative species of three distinct classes of vertebrates suggest that : in spite of variation in position 9 of the nonmammalian angiotensins i , the pressor activity of these peptides in rat and in dogfish shark is due to their conversion into the corresponding angiotensin ii ; | NA | {
"id": "C0003018",
"name": "angiotensins",
"pos": [
47,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C0003009",
"name": "angiotensin",
"pos": [
372,
383
]
} |
antibodies to the molluscan neuropeptide , phe-met-arg-phe-nh2 ( fmrfamide ) react with material in extracts of chicken brain . | NA | {
"id": "C0027895",
"name": "neuropeptide",
"pos": [
28,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C0060608",
"name": "fmrfamide",
"pos": [
65,
74
]
} |
mastoparan enhances the membrane conductivity of the lipid bilayer when the peptide is investigated by the black lipid membrane experiment . | NA | {
"id": "C0023768",
"name": "membrane",
"pos": [
24,
32
]
} | {
"id": "C0025249",
"name": "lipid membrane",
"pos": [
113,
127
]
} |
the opioid peptides , beta-endorphin , dynorphin ( 1-13 ) and leu-enkephalin abolished through a naloxone-sensitive mechanism activation by hormones and several other activating agents . | NA | {
"id": "C0205753",
"name": "opioid peptides",
"pos": [
4,
19
]
} | {
"id": "C0013355",
"name": "dynorphin",
"pos": [
39,
48
]
} |
crucial to this concept of a series of plateaus in tumour development is the recognition that `` '' dysplasia '' '' is a differentiated intraepithelial neoplasm and the discarding of the term `` '' cancer '' '' in favour of the less emotionally loaded expression `` '' neoplastic process '' '' . | NA | {
"id": "C0027651",
"name": "tumour",
"pos": [
51,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C0027671",
"name": "`` '' neoplastic pr",
"pos": [
263,
282
]
} |
action of antidepressant neuroleptics , chlorprothixene and levomepromazine , on the central noradrenergic system : comparison with other antidepressants . | NA | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressant",
"pos": [
10,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C1579362",
"name": "other antidepressants",
"pos": [
132,
153
]
} |
amodiaquine , quinacrine and 1,4- ( tele ) -methyl-hi weakly inhibited hmt activity ex vivo and they failed to alter hi levels in the rat brain . | NA | {
"id": "C0025779",
"name": "methyl-hi",
"pos": [
44,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0019588",
"name": "hi",
"pos": [
117,
119
]
} |
use of the grosse-kempf rod , with interlocking screws , allows for stable fixation for long oblique fractures , spiral fractures , comminuted fractures , segmental fractures , fractures with a butterfly fragment , and fractures located in the proximal or distal shaft of the femur . | NA | {
"id": "C0476171",
"name": "comminuted fractures",
"pos": [
132,
152
]
} | {
"id": "C0016658",
"name": "fractures",
"pos": [
219,
228
]
} |
one patient 's fracture was clearly due to trauma and the other two occurred in patients with a thin proximal segment . | NA | {
"id": "C0016658",
"name": "fracture",
"pos": [
15,
23
]
} | {
"id": "C0043251",
"name": "trauma",
"pos": [
43,
49
]
} |
their early neurological manifestations differ mainly by focalised pain on the bitten region in garin-bujadoux-bannwarth 's syndromes . | NA | {
"id": "C0027854",
"name": "neurological",
"pos": [
12,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C0030193",
"name": "pain",
"pos": [
67,
71
]
} |
the authors studied 18 cases of transient global amnesia , a syndrome occurring in middle age , characterized by a sudden memory loss of recent events and transient inability to acquire new knowledge , while consciousness and personal identity are preserved . | NA | {
"id": "C0338591",
"name": "transient global amnesia",
"pos": [
32,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0002622",
"name": "memory loss of",
"pos": [
122,
136
]
} |
it also prevents complications due to local spread of infection ( sinus cavernosus thrombosis , osteomyelitis , maxillary sinusitis , ludwig 's angina ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0009450",
"name": "infection",
"pos": [
54,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C0024081",
"name": "ludwig 's angina",
"pos": [
134,
150
]
} |
penicillin g , ampicillin and amoxicillin , possibly combined with a betalactamase inhibitor , macrolide and imidaxole derivative , are products responding best to bacteriologic and pharmacokinetic criteria for treatment of buccodental infections . | NA | {
"id": "C0030827",
"name": "penicillin g",
"pos": [
0,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0002680",
"name": "ampicillin",
"pos": [
15,
25
]
} |
penicillin g , ampicillin and amoxicillin , possibly combined with a betalactamase inhibitor , macrolide and imidaxole derivative , are products responding best to bacteriologic and pharmacokinetic criteria for treatment of buccodental infections . | NA | {
"id": "C0002680",
"name": "ampicillin",
"pos": [
15,
25
]
} | {
"id": "C0002645",
"name": "amoxicillin",
"pos": [
30,
41
]
} |
after passing toxicity and experimental therapeutic tests , four oxime cholinesterase reactivators [ pam ( pyridine aldoxime methiodide ) , pac ( pralidoxime , pyridine aldoxime methylchloride ) , tmb4 ( trimedoxime ) , and dmo4 ( obidoxime , toxogonin , luh6 ) ] were compared in clinical trials . | NA | {
"id": "C0030020",
"name": "oxime",
"pos": [
65,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0041028",
"name": "trimedoxime",
"pos": [
204,
215
]
} |
thus the rates of occupational , infectious , and parasitic diseases and nutritional deficiency diseases have decreased considerably among miners . | NA | {
"id": "C0009450",
"name": "infectious",
"pos": [
33,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0030499",
"name": "parasitic diseases",
"pos": [
50,
68
]
} |
none of these parameters nor the physical education department evaluations was associated with a subsequent report of low-back pain , mid-back pain , or neck pain . | NA | {
"id": "C0030193",
"name": "pain",
"pos": [
127,
131
]
} | {
"id": "C0007859",
"name": "neck pain",
"pos": [
153,
162
]
} |
congenital anomalies of the optic disc may be inherited , such as drusen , the tumours of von hippel-lindau disease , the phakomata in tuberous sclerosis and colobomata which may be dominant , autosomal recessive or x-linked recessive . | NA | {
"id": "C0015393",
"name": "congenital anomalies of the optic",
"pos": [
0,
33
]
} | {
"id": "C0009363",
"name": "colobomata",
"pos": [
158,
168
]
} |
when tested against a panel of monoclonal anti-cell surface antigen antibodies , only those monoclonal antibodies which detect porcine class i or ii molecules reacted against the lymphoblastoid cell lines in a microcytotoxicity assay . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
68,
78
]
} | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "monoclonal",
"pos": [
92,
102
]
} |
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