text stringlengths 57 1.72k | relation stringclasses 125
values | h dict | t dict |
|---|---|---|---|
although hyperlipidemia is a common feature of the nephrotic syndrome , the distribution of cholesterol among the plasma lipoproteins and the mechanism of the enhanced hepatic synthesis of lipoprotein lipids are not well understood . | NA | {
"id": "C0023820",
"name": "lipoproteins",
"pos": [
121,
133
]
} | {
"id": "C0023779",
"name": "lipids",
"pos": [
201,
207
]
} |
this experimental refractive error has many features in common with human myopia : it is caused by progressive axial elongation of the eye , is often accompanied by fundus changes , and can only be induced before eye growth has been completed . | NA | {
"id": "C0034951",
"name": "refractive error",
"pos": [
18,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0027092",
"name": "myopia",
"pos": [
74,
80
]
} |
a simple method for the simultaneous detection of the 11 mycotoxins aflatoxins ( b1 , b2 , g1 , g2 ) , ochratoxin a , zearalenone , sterigmatocystin , citrinin , penicillic acid , t-2 toxin and rubratoxin b is reported . | NA | {
"id": "C0026955",
"name": "mycotoxins",
"pos": [
57,
67
]
} | {
"id": "C0038274",
"name": "sterigmatocystin",
"pos": [
132,
148
]
} |
interleukin-3 ( il-3 ) is a member of a family of growth and differentiation peptides , collectively referred to as colony-stimulating factors , which regulate haematopoiesis . | NA | {
"id": "C0021757",
"name": "interleukin-3",
"pos": [
0,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0009392",
"name": "colony-stimulating factors",
"pos": [
116,
142
]
} |
fischer rat 3t3 ( fr3t3 ) fibroblasts transfected with a cellular myc gene can be induced to grow and form colonies in soft agar by treatment either with epidermal growth factor ( egf ) alone or with the combination of platelet-derived growth factor ( pdgf ) and type-beta transforming growth factor ( tgf-beta ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
26,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cellular",
"pos": [
57,
65
]
} |
polyoma middle-t antigen is required for viral transformation of cultured cells and for tumorigenesis in animals . | NA | {
"id": "C0007622",
"name": "viral transformation",
"pos": [
41,
61
]
} | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "tumorigenesis",
"pos": [
88,
101
]
} |
to date no nucleic acid has been found in the purified infectious agent which causes the spongiform encephalopathy known as scrapie . | NA | {
"id": "C0162534",
"name": "spongiform encephalopathy",
"pos": [
89,
114
]
} | {
"id": "C0036457",
"name": "scrapie",
"pos": [
124,
131
]
} |
for example , the phorbol ester 12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate ( tpa ) has been shown to restore the ability of macrophage-depleted t-cell populations to respond to mitogenic lectins . | NA | {
"id": "C0031586",
"name": "phorbol ester",
"pos": [
18,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C0039654",
"name": "12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol",
"pos": [
32,
58
]
} |
catecholamines ( noradrenaline , adrenaline and isoprenaline ) were tested for their effect on the resting membrane potential of mouse skeletal muscle cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0007412",
"name": "catecholamines",
"pos": [
0,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C0022245",
"name": "isoprenaline",
"pos": [
48,
60
]
} |
catecholamines ( noradrenaline , adrenaline and isoprenaline ) were tested for their effect on the resting membrane potential of mouse skeletal muscle cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "noradrenaline",
"pos": [
17,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "adrenaline",
"pos": [
33,
43
]
} |
the hydroxylation of tryptophan has been studied by measuring the accumulation of 5-hydroxytryptophan ( 5-htp ) and the concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine ( 5-ht ) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid ( 5-hiaa ) in brainstem , frontal cortex and hypothalamus after inhibition of l-amino acid decarboxylase with benserazide hydrochloride and administration of either the vehicle or triamterene . | NA | {
"id": "C0041249",
"name": "tryptophan",
"pos": [
21,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C0000578",
"name": "5-htp",
"pos": [
104,
109
]
} |
the effects of atenolol ( 2-5 mmol/l ) , sotalol ( 1-2 mmol/l ) and pamatolol ( 0.1-1 mmol/l ) , together with n-tertiary butyl phenoxypropanolamines with o-methyl ( d-2t : 50-100 mumol/l ) m-methyl ( d-3t : 50-100 mumol/l ) and p-methyl ( d-4t : 100-200 mumol/l ) group as well as with o , p-methyl groups ( d-24t ) ( 50-100 mumol/l ) on action potentials ( aps ) were investigated in isolated guinea-pig papillary muscles . | NA | {
"id": "C0004147",
"name": "atenolol",
"pos": [
15,
23
]
} | {
"id": "C1563753",
"name": "phenoxypropanolamines",
"pos": [
128,
149
]
} |
he had other features of 'congenital magnesium-losing kidney ' , such as arthritis and hyperuricemia , short stature and recurrent urinary tract infections , but had no radiological chondrocalcinosis . | NA | {
"id": "C0003864",
"name": "arthritis",
"pos": [
73,
82
]
} | {
"id": "C0553730",
"name": "chondrocalcinosis",
"pos": [
182,
199
]
} |
ethanol reaching the suckling newborn from maternal milk resulted in decreased brain weights , total protein , ribosomal protein , total rna , ribosomal rna , and total dna of the brain . | NA | {
"id": "C0035668",
"name": "rna",
"pos": [
47,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C0035701",
"name": "ribosomal rna",
"pos": [
143,
156
]
} |
the inhibition was demonstrated , whether glutamic acid decarboxylase was assayed in the presence or absence of its coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate . | NA | {
"id": "C0009235",
"name": "coenzyme",
"pos": [
116,
124
]
} | {
"id": "C0034266",
"name": "pyridoxal phosphate",
"pos": [
125,
144
]
} |
the serum factor is reactive at high affinity with each of two populations of s24-reactive antibodies in one rabbit reagent antiserum and with one of two populations of s24-reactive antibodies in another . | NA | {
"id": "C0020960",
"name": "antiserum",
"pos": [
124,
133
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
182,
192
]
} |
hot-plate learning in mice is unaltered by immediate post-training administration of naloxone , naltrexone or morphine . | NA | {
"id": "C0027358",
"name": "naloxone",
"pos": [
85,
93
]
} | {
"id": "C0027360",
"name": "naltrexone",
"pos": [
96,
106
]
} |
we studied the effects of acute and long-term , continuous administration of six opioid compounds -- naloxone , naltrexone , diprenorphine , leucine enkephalin , dynorphin 1-13 , and dynorphin 3-13 -- on neurologic function , survival , and infarct size in a feline model of acute focal cerebral ischemia . | NA | {
"id": "C0027358",
"name": "naloxone",
"pos": [
101,
109
]
} | {
"id": "C0027360",
"name": "naltrexone",
"pos": [
112,
122
]
} |
i.p. , which did not result in convulsions by itself , produced sustained limbic seizures and epileptic brain damage in mf-pretreated rats . | NA | {
"id": "C0036572",
"name": "seizures",
"pos": [
81,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C0014544",
"name": "epileptic",
"pos": [
94,
103
]
} |
the effects of naloxone hydrochloride ( nal ) and other opiate antagonists on blood-ethanol concentration ( bec ) in acutely-ethanol-intoxicated rats were examined . | NA | {
"id": "C0684262",
"name": "blood-ethanol concentration",
"pos": [
78,
105
]
} | {
"id": "C0001962",
"name": "ethanol",
"pos": [
125,
132
]
} |
it is suggested that pharmacokinetic antagonism of acute alcohol intoxication by naloxone and naltrexone is unrelated to the property of opiate antagonism , but may involve the ability of certain such antagonists to interact with hepatic nad+-dependent oxidative metabolism . | NA | {
"id": "C0027358",
"name": "naloxone",
"pos": [
81,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C0027360",
"name": "naltrexone",
"pos": [
94,
104
]
} |
other opioid agonists mimicked this ekc effect and the rank order of potency was dynorphin ( 1-13 ) = greater than ekc greater than levorphanol = morphine = b-endorphin = dihydromorphine greater than leu-enkephalin greater than ( d-ala ) 2- ( d-leu ) 5-enkephalin ( dadl ) = morphiceptin . | NA | {
"id": "C0014294",
"name": "leu-enkephalin",
"pos": [
200,
214
]
} | {
"id": "C0014298",
"name": "enkephalin",
"pos": [
253,
263
]
} |
the opiate peptides , d-ala-d-leuenkephalin , beta-endorphin and dynorphin , [ 1-13 ] are potent stimulators of human mononuclear cell chemotaxis . | NA | {
"id": "C0205753",
"name": "opiate peptides",
"pos": [
4,
19
]
} | {
"id": "C0013355",
"name": "dynorphin",
"pos": [
65,
74
]
} |
the results suggest a relationship between zinc and met-enk and that zinc may be a modulator of enkephalin binding and function in the immune system as well as the nervous system . | NA | {
"id": "C0014295",
"name": "met-enk",
"pos": [
52,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C0014298",
"name": "enkephalin",
"pos": [
96,
106
]
} |
the interactions of a proposed , selective delta receptor antagonist ( ici 174,864 ) and selective agonists at mu and delta receptors , [ d-ala2 , nmephe4 , gly-ol ] -enkephalin ( dago ) and [ d-pen2 , d-pen5 ] -enkephalin ( dpdpe ) , respectively , have been studied using the electrically-stimulated mouse isolated vas deferens ( mvd ) and the guinea-pig isolated ileum ( gpi ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0525773",
"name": "dago",
"pos": [
180,
184
]
} | {
"id": "C0014298",
"name": "enkephalin",
"pos": [
212,
222
]
} |
the interactions of a proposed , selective delta receptor antagonist ( ici 174,864 ) and selective agonists at mu and delta receptors , [ d-ala2 , nmephe4 , gly-ol ] -enkephalin ( dago ) and [ d-pen2 , d-pen5 ] -enkephalin ( dpdpe ) , respectively , have been studied using the electrically-stimulated mouse isolated vas deferens ( mvd ) and the guinea-pig isolated ileum ( gpi ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0014298",
"name": "enkephalin",
"pos": [
167,
177
]
} | {
"id": "C0525856",
"name": "dpdpe",
"pos": [
225,
230
]
} |
several enkephalins , two of which were shown to be met- and leu-enkephalin , were identified in rat hippocampus . | NA | {
"id": "C0014298",
"name": "enkephalins",
"pos": [
8,
19
]
} | {
"id": "C0014294",
"name": "leu-enkephalin",
"pos": [
61,
75
]
} |
because the two brain aminopeptidases were both sensitive to bestatin , it remains to be established whether both or only aminopeptidase m is involved in endogenous enkephalin inactivation . | NA | {
"id": "C0002570",
"name": "aminopeptidases",
"pos": [
22,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0054943",
"name": "aminopeptidase m",
"pos": [
122,
138
]
} |
the presence of phm-ir in the penis suggests that this neuropeptide may play a functional role in penile function . | NA | {
"id": "C0030947",
"name": "phm-ir",
"pos": [
16,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0027895",
"name": "neuropeptide",
"pos": [
55,
67
]
} |
motilin did not affect the circulatory level of norepinephrine or epinephrine at resting state or of norepinephrine released by spinal cord stimulation ; | NA | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
51,
62
]
} | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
101,
115
]
} |
we have visualized the dopaminergic innervation of the hippocampal formation of the rat using two morphological methods : ( 1 ) tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemistry on noradrenaline-depleted animals and ( 2 ) fluorescence histochemistry after the uptake and storage of dopamine on hippocampal slices in vitro . | NA | {
"id": "C0282151",
"name": "dopaminergic",
"pos": [
23,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0013030",
"name": "dopamine",
"pos": [
273,
281
]
} |
control values for dopamine ( da ) , norepinephrine ( ne ) and epinephrine ( epi ) in the brain were 2181 +/- 226 , 1112 +/- 80 and 6.5 +/- 2.02 ng/g , respectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0028351",
"name": "norepinephrine",
"pos": [
37,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0014563",
"name": "epinephrine",
"pos": [
63,
74
]
} |
muscimol at 10 ( -8 ) m and 10 ( -7 ) m , but not baclofen at 10 ( -6 ) m , inhibited the k+ ( 40 mm ) -evoked ca2+-dependent release of [ 3h ] gaba from the small intestine preloaded with [ 3h ] gaba , in the presence of 10 ( -6 ) m tetrodotoxin . | NA | {
"id": "C0004609",
"name": "baclofen",
"pos": [
50,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0016904",
"name": "gaba",
"pos": [
196,
200
]
} |
we propose our method of quantitative bone uptake as a useful noninvasive test to detect metabolic bone disease and to monitor responses to therapy of bone disease . | NA | {
"id": "C0005944",
"name": "metabolic bone disease",
"pos": [
89,
111
]
} | {
"id": "C0005940",
"name": "of bone disease",
"pos": [
148,
163
]
} |
among the app , in several cancer groups , c-reactive protein , haptoglobin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein are more elevated than in controls , and a trend to display higher values is observed in the subjects with metastatic disease ; | NA | {
"id": "C0001347",
"name": "app",
"pos": [
10,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0006560",
"name": "c-reactive protein",
"pos": [
43,
61
]
} |
among the app , in several cancer groups , c-reactive protein , haptoglobin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein are more elevated than in controls , and a trend to display higher values is observed in the subjects with metastatic disease ; | NA | {
"id": "C0001347",
"name": "app",
"pos": [
10,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0018595",
"name": "haptoglobin",
"pos": [
64,
75
]
} |
among the app , in several cancer groups , c-reactive protein , haptoglobin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein are more elevated than in controls , and a trend to display higher values is observed in the subjects with metastatic disease ; | NA | {
"id": "C0001347",
"name": "app",
"pos": [
10,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0029297",
"name": "alpha 1-acid glycoprotein",
"pos": [
80,
105
]
} |
we evaluated the in vitro cellular inhibitory rates of eight antineoplastic agents and dexamethasone for rabbit retinal pigment epithelial cells and rabbit corneal fibroblasts . | NA | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cellular",
"pos": [
26,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
164,
175
]
} |
a gross , light , and electron microscopic study of the eyes from 35 consecutive autopsy cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome revealed cotton-wool spots ( 71 % of cases ) , retinal hemorrhage in areas without cytomegalovirus infection ( 40 % ) , cytomegalovirus retinitis ( 34 % ) with associated retinal detachment , roth 's spots ( 23 % ) , retinal microaneurysms ( 20 % ) , papilledema ( 14 % ) , conjunctival kaposi 's sarcoma ( 9 % ) , cryptococcal chorioretinitis ( 6 % ) , mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in retina and in choroidal granulomas ( 6 % ) , ischemic maculopathy ( 6 % ) , bilateral keratitis ( 3 % ) , and herpes simplex retinitis ( 3 % ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0010823",
"name": "cytomegalovirus",
"pos": [
221,
236
]
} | {
"id": "C0206178",
"name": "cytomegalovirus retinitis",
"pos": [
258,
283
]
} |
a rare case of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia , or kimura 's disease , of the external ear , occurring in a 21-year-old woman , is reported . | NA | {
"id": "C0002989",
"name": "angiolymphoid hyperplasia",
"pos": [
15,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C0014457",
"name": "eosinophilia",
"pos": [
46,
58
]
} |
tetracosactrin , a synthetic adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( acth ) analogue delivered by osmotic minipumps implanted s.c. in mice induced a dose-dependent increase of plasma corticosterone levels . | NA | {
"id": "C0010192",
"name": "tetracosactrin",
"pos": [
0,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C0001655",
"name": "adrenocorticotrophic hormone",
"pos": [
29,
57
]
} |
however the ratio acetylcholinesterase over butyrylcholinesterase seems to be a better sign allowing a right diagnosis in 99 % of the cases . | NA | {
"id": "C0001044",
"name": "acetylcholinesterase",
"pos": [
18,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C0008429",
"name": "butyrylcholinesterase",
"pos": [
44,
65
]
} |
this brief review presents one man 's assessment of the place of monoclonal antibodies as diagnostic reagents and discusses the properties of the antibodies and the parameters of the assay which most influence the successful use of diagnostic tests based on monoclonal antibodies . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
76,
86
]
} | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "monoclonal antibodies",
"pos": [
258,
279
]
} |
increasing doses of both the heparin and the heparinoid resulted in a similar prolongation of a xa clotting time and the aptt , but the heparinoid had no effect on the thrombin clotting time over the concentration range 0-3.0 units/ml . | NA | {
"id": "C0019134",
"name": "heparin",
"pos": [
29,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0019142",
"name": "heparinoid",
"pos": [
136,
146
]
} |
systematic study of groups of nzb/w mice aged from 1-8 mth showed progressive development of antibodies to ssdna and dsdna , accompanied at 5 mth by the appearance of serum immune complexes as detected by clq liquid phase binding and immune deposits in glomeruli . | NA | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
93,
103
]
} | {
"id": "C0003313",
"name": "immune complexes",
"pos": [
173,
189
]
} |
monoclonal antibodies useful for diagnosing and defining subtypes of acute leukemias and neuroblastoma have been prepared , although the prognostic significance of the subtypes defined by such antibodies remains to be determined . | NA | {
"id": "C0003250",
"name": "monoclonal antibodies",
"pos": [
0,
21
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibodies",
"pos": [
193,
203
]
} |
abnormal lipid transport is one of the more severe pathophysiological manifestations of glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency ( glycogen storage disease , type i : gsd-i ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0017919",
"name": "glycogen storage disease",
"pos": [
123,
147
]
} | {
"id": "C0017920",
"name": "gsd-i",
"pos": [
159,
164
]
} |
results showed that patients with gsd-i have a unique apolipoprotein profile characterized by normal or slightly decreased levels of apoa-i and apoa-ii , reduced concentrations of apod , and significantly increased levels of apoc-i and apoc-ii ( p less than 0.01 ) and apob , apoc-iii , and apoe ( p less than 0.0001 ) in comparison with age- and sex-matched normolipidemic controls . | NA | {
"id": "C0003591",
"name": "apolipoprotein",
"pos": [
54,
68
]
} | {
"id": "C0052193",
"name": "apod",
"pos": [
180,
184
]
} |
results showed that patients with gsd-i have a unique apolipoprotein profile characterized by normal or slightly decreased levels of apoa-i and apoa-ii , reduced concentrations of apod , and significantly increased levels of apoc-i and apoc-ii ( p less than 0.01 ) and apob , apoc-iii , and apoe ( p less than 0.0001 ) in comparison with age- and sex-matched normolipidemic controls . | NA | {
"id": "C0003591",
"name": "apolipoprotein",
"pos": [
54,
68
]
} | {
"id": "C0003593",
"name": "apob",
"pos": [
269,
273
]
} |
results showed that patients with gsd-i have a unique apolipoprotein profile characterized by normal or slightly decreased levels of apoa-i and apoa-ii , reduced concentrations of apod , and significantly increased levels of apoc-i and apoc-ii ( p less than 0.01 ) and apob , apoc-iii , and apoe ( p less than 0.0001 ) in comparison with age- and sex-matched normolipidemic controls . | NA | {
"id": "C0003591",
"name": "apolipoprotein",
"pos": [
54,
68
]
} | {
"id": "C0003595",
"name": "apoe",
"pos": [
291,
295
]
} |
immunocytochemical localization of two monoclonal anticarcinoembryonic antigen antibodies ( 11-285-14 ; 11-359-6 ) which recognize different cea epitopes , and a polyclonal anti-cea antibody ( dako ) recognizing both carcinoembryonic antigen and nonspecific cross-reacting antigen , was studied in 59 tumor tissue samples from 18 patients with neuroblastoma . | NA | {
"id": "C0003320",
"name": "antigen",
"pos": [
71,
78
]
} | {
"id": "C0003316",
"name": "epitopes",
"pos": [
145,
153
]
} |
five male sicilian children with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency were studied shortly after hemolytic crisis in order to evaluate the immediate effects of massive hemolysis on fetal hb ( hbf ) levels and the number of circulating f cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hb",
"pos": [
195,
197
]
} | {
"id": "C0015936",
"name": "hbf",
"pos": [
200,
203
]
} |
members of two families with pituitary deficiency ( gh and other tropic hormones ) of the autosomal recessive type had variable responses to ghrh and varying amounts of pituitary tissue seen on high resolution ct scans . | NA | {
"id": "C0020635",
"name": "pituitary deficiency",
"pos": [
29,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C0032002",
"name": "pituitary",
"pos": [
169,
178
]
} |
the protein was very rich in glycine and its amino acid composition was similar to that of glycoprotein a previously reported for the dog and rat . | NA | {
"id": "C0017890",
"name": "glycine",
"pos": [
29,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0002520",
"name": "amino acid",
"pos": [
45,
55
]
} |
children with infectious mononucleosis , in particular the very young , tended to have more rashes , significant neutropenia , abdominal pain ( older children only ) , and possible hepatosplenomegaly than have been reported in adult patients . | NA | {
"id": "C0008059",
"name": "children",
"pos": [
0,
8
]
} | {
"id": "C1455726",
"name": "older children",
"pos": [
144,
158
]
} |
the adult hemoglobin and fetal hemoglobin were then separated by column chromatography on deae [ o- ( diethylaminoethyl ) ] sephadex . | NA | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hemoglobin",
"pos": [
10,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0015936",
"name": "fetal hemoglobin",
"pos": [
25,
41
]
} |
to confirm that the fetal hemoglobin obtained after sephadex chromatography was not contaminated with other hemoglobins , several of the deae separations from each group were reconstituted and subjected to polypeptide chain elution using carboxyl-methyl cellulose chromatography . | NA | {
"id": "C0015936",
"name": "fetal hemoglobin",
"pos": [
20,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hemoglobins",
"pos": [
108,
119
]
} |
at 21 days of age three groups of male hooded rats of the sprague-dawley strain were exposed to either untreated water or lead acetate at concentrations of 25 or 50 ppm provided ad lib . in the drinking water for 40 days . | NA | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
113,
118
]
} | {
"id": "C0599638",
"name": "drinking water",
"pos": [
194,
208
]
} |
house dust , house dust mite ( d. farinae ) and human dander were the allergens which most commonly caused immediate skin reactions and west highland white terriers and boxers were the most affected breeds . | NA | {
"id": "C0524581",
"name": "house dust",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C0002092",
"name": "allergens",
"pos": [
70,
79
]
} |
sodium bisulfite reacts with cytosine and 5-methylcytosine , forming the 5,6-dihydrosulfonate adducts which deaminate to the uracil and thymine adducts , respectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0010843",
"name": "cytosine",
"pos": [
29,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0049308",
"name": "5-methylcytosine",
"pos": [
42,
58
]
} |
sodium bisulfite reacts with cytosine and 5-methylcytosine , forming the 5,6-dihydrosulfonate adducts which deaminate to the uracil and thymine adducts , respectively . | NA | {
"id": "C0041917",
"name": "uracil",
"pos": [
125,
131
]
} | {
"id": "C0040087",
"name": "thymine",
"pos": [
136,
143
]
} |
using a human damage-specific dna binding protein as a probe , we have found protein-recognizable lesions in bisulfite-treated dna and poly d ( i-c ) , but not in treated poly d ( a-t ) or poly d ( a-u ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0032400",
"name": "poly",
"pos": [
135,
139
]
} | {
"id": "C0032402",
"name": "poly",
"pos": [
189,
193
]
} |
the genes coding for the 5s rrna and another stable rna , termed 7s rna , in halobacterium halobium were isolated from a genomic library of this archaebacterium and their nucleotide sequences determined . | NA | {
"id": "C0035701",
"name": "rrna",
"pos": [
28,
32
]
} | {
"id": "C0035668",
"name": "rna",
"pos": [
68,
71
]
} |
both genes are colinear with their transcripts ( 5s rrna and 7s rna ) , but 5s rrna and possibly also 7s rna isolated from other halobacteria carry additional nucleotides within the rna transcript . | NA | {
"id": "C0035701",
"name": "rrna",
"pos": [
52,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0035668",
"name": "rna",
"pos": [
182,
185
]
} |
the rna conformational requirements for both aminoacylation and adenylation emerging from our studies performed using the valine- and the tyrosine-accepting plant viral rnas are now strongly supported by the histidine-accepting tobacco mosaic virus rna : an ' l'-shaped conformation is recognized by the aminoacyl-trna synthetase whereas only the aminoacyl rna domain ( equivalent in trnas to the continuous helix formed by the acceptor stem and the t stem and loop ) interacts with the trna nucleotidyltransferase . | NA | {
"id": "C0035736",
"name": "viral rnas",
"pos": [
163,
173
]
} | {
"id": "C0035668",
"name": "rna",
"pos": [
488,
491
]
} |
in this position the taa codon can not function as a translational stop codon and we suggest that this codon codes for the amino acid glutamine . | NA | {
"id": "C0242611",
"name": "stop codon",
"pos": [
67,
77
]
} | {
"id": "C0009221",
"name": "codon",
"pos": [
103,
108
]
} |
using single-stranded phage m13 dna probes chemically labelled with one biotin per 100-400 residues and dot-blot hybridization reactions on nitrocellulose , as little as 0.5 pg ( 6 x 10 ( -18 ) mol ) of target dna was detected colorimetrically by avidin or streptavidin complexes with acid or alkaline phosphatase from three commercial sources . | NA | {
"id": "C0012935",
"name": "single-stranded",
"pos": [
6,
21
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
210,
213
]
} |
purified protein p2 of phage phi 29 , characterized as a specific dna polymerase involved in the initiation and elongation of phi 29 dna replication , contains a 3 ' -- -- 5 ' exonuclease active on single-stranded dna , but not on double-stranded dna . | NA | {
"id": "C0012935",
"name": "single-stranded dna",
"pos": [
198,
217
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "double-stranded",
"pos": [
231,
246
]
} |
the other prevalent modified base of bacterial dna , n6-methyladenine ( m6a ) , was found in nine of the dnas . | NA | {
"id": "C0012924",
"name": "bacterial dna",
"pos": [
37,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dnas",
"pos": [
105,
109
]
} |
lm e-1 contains about 0.4 kb dna homologous to the 5 ' portion of the mitochondrial 16s ribosomal rna ( rrna ) gene and lm c-2 , a 1.6 kb dna homologous to the 3 ' portion of the 12s rrna gene and to almost all of the 16s rrna gene . | NA | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
29,
32
]
} | {
"id": "C0000702",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
225,
226
]
} |
the recent electronmicroscopic and biochemical mapping of z-dna sites in phi x174 , sv40 , pbr322 and pm2 dnas has been used to determine two sets of criteria for identification of potential z-dna sequences in natural dna genomes . | NA | {
"id": "C0043442",
"name": "z-dna",
"pos": [
58,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dnas",
"pos": [
106,
110
]
} |
the fragments [ d ( g x c ) ] n and [ d ( c x g ) ] n ( n greater than or equal to 3 ) in general do not occur in circular dna genomes and are under-represented in the linear dnas of phages lambda and t7 , whereas in linear genomes of adenoviruses they are strongly over-represented . | NA | {
"id": "C0012925",
"name": "circular dna",
"pos": [
114,
126
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dnas",
"pos": [
175,
179
]
} |
we have cloned a large portion of the p25 gene of bombyx mori encoding the 25,000 dalton polypeptide which associates with fibroin to constitute the major silk protein . | NA | {
"id": "C0016042",
"name": "fibroin",
"pos": [
123,
130
]
} | {
"id": "C0074529",
"name": "silk",
"pos": [
155,
159
]
} |
an in vitro mutagenesis procedure was used to randomize the four nucleotides preceding the initiator methionine codon and the silent third positions of the codons specifying the second and third amino acids . | NA | {
"id": "C0242610",
"name": "initiator",
"pos": [
91,
100
]
} | {
"id": "C0009221",
"name": "codons",
"pos": [
156,
162
]
} |
we have determined the nucleotide sequence of a cdna clone , pchts-1 , encoding human thymidylate synthase ( 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate : dump c-methyltransferase , ec 2.1.1.45 ) which was previously isolated from a human fibroblast expressible cdna library and functional in mouse cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblast",
"pos": [
226,
236
]
} | {
"id": "C0007634",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
286,
291
]
} |
protein-rna interactions in the 5s rrna-protein l5 complex from rat liver ribosomes were studied by limited digestion of free and protein bound 5s rrna with ribonuclease a and t1 . | NA | {
"id": "C0035668",
"name": "rna",
"pos": [
8,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0035701",
"name": "rrna",
"pos": [
147,
151
]
} |
we report here the complete nucleotide sequence of a cloned member of the repeat family and establish that this x-linked dna family consists entirely of alpha satellite dna . | NA | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
121,
124
]
} | {
"id": "C0012934",
"name": "satellite",
"pos": [
159,
168
]
} |
of interest is the deletion in pea of the last three codons , including the stop codon , found at the 3 ' end of the other four coii genes . | NA | {
"id": "C0009221",
"name": "codons",
"pos": [
53,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C0242611",
"name": "stop codon",
"pos": [
76,
86
]
} |
in one case of clinical supraventricular tachycardia , the second sustained tachycardia appeared following drug therapy ( procainamide ) , which seemed to convert nonsustained to sustained ventricular tachycardia . | NA | {
"id": "C0039240",
"name": "supraventricular tachycardia",
"pos": [
24,
52
]
} | {
"id": "C0039231",
"name": "tachycardia",
"pos": [
201,
212
]
} |
the term urticaria pigmentosa should be reserved for cases of cutaneous mastocytosis without extracutaneous involvement . | NA | {
"id": "C0042111",
"name": "urticaria pigmentosa",
"pos": [
9,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C1136033",
"name": "cutaneous mastocytosis",
"pos": [
62,
84
]
} |
the fate of endotoxin was followed with immunohistochemistry and radio-labelled lipopolysaccharide ( lps ) in organs of the reticulo-endothelial system ( res ) , in the great vessels and the thoracic duct of rats during a 14 day period after the injection of a shock-inducing amount of endotoxin . | NA | {
"id": "C0023810",
"name": "lipopolysaccharide",
"pos": [
80,
98
]
} | {
"id": "C0014264",
"name": "endotoxin",
"pos": [
286,
295
]
} |
macrophages were found to be the most important cells of primary lps uptake in all organs except the adrenal glands , where endotoxin was mainly present in phagocytic vacuoles of the cortical epithelium . | NA | {
"id": "C0023810",
"name": "lps",
"pos": [
65,
68
]
} | {
"id": "C0014264",
"name": "endotoxin",
"pos": [
124,
133
]
} |
the correlation between the appearance of lps positive macrophages and histological signs of tissue injury during endotoxin shock is striking . | NA | {
"id": "C0023810",
"name": "lps",
"pos": [
42,
45
]
} | {
"id": "C0014264",
"name": "endotoxin",
"pos": [
114,
123
]
} |
two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of purified cholesterol and oxidized cholesterol in the diet of the laying hen on egg production characteristics , in vitro - in ovo utilization of acetate for cholesterol biosynthesis , and the activity of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase , the rate-limiting enzyme in biosynthesis of cholesterol . | NA | {
"id": "C0008395",
"name": "cholesterol",
"pos": [
67,
78
]
} | {
"id": "C0008377",
"name": "cholesterol",
"pos": [
364,
375
]
} |
a further significant reduction in enzyme activity was observed when oxidized cholesterol was fed , indicating that dietary cholesterol oxides are much more potent than purified cholesterol in limiting the activity of the enzyme . | NA | {
"id": "C0008395",
"name": "dietary cholesterol",
"pos": [
116,
135
]
} | {
"id": "C0008377",
"name": "cholesterol",
"pos": [
178,
189
]
} |
these results indicate that the antisera contain at least two kinds of antibody ( against class i and class iv antigens ) , and the three different tests used here are detecting the class i antigens of mha on the md line cells . | NA | {
"id": "C0020960",
"name": "antisera",
"pos": [
32,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C0003241",
"name": "antibody",
"pos": [
71,
79
]
} |
two , 7-week floor pen experiments were conducted consecutively with male broilers and then female broilers to determine the effects of feeding salinomycin ( 60 ppm ) , monensin ( 99 ppm ) , or lasalocid ( 125 ppm ) at the following three levels of dietary protein : 1 ) that which meets national research council specifications ( nrc , 1977 ) , 2 ) that level deficient in sulfur amino acids ( saa ) , or 3 ) that deficient in protein . | NA | {
"id": "C0012177",
"name": "dietary protein",
"pos": [
249,
264
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "protein",
"pos": [
428,
435
]
} |
these levels were higher in men , in subjects who died between 9 p.m. and 3 a.m. , in corpses found in water and in subjects killed by a fall or in a fire . | NA | {
"id": "C0011065",
"name": "died",
"pos": [
50,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C0006629",
"name": "corpses",
"pos": [
86,
93
]
} |
phenothiazines ( e.g. , fluphenazine and perphenazine ) with affinity for both d-2 and d-1 receptors but with preference for the d-2 receptors ; | NA | {
"id": "C0031436",
"name": "phenothiazines",
"pos": [
0,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C0016368",
"name": "fluphenazine",
"pos": [
24,
36
]
} |
and thioxanthenes ( e.g. , cis ( z ) -flupentixol and cis ( z ) -clopenthixol ) with equal affinity for d-1 and d-2 receptors , and the selective d-1 antagonist sch 23390 . | NA | {
"id": "C0039961",
"name": "thioxanthenes",
"pos": [
4,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0009026",
"name": "clopenthixol",
"pos": [
65,
77
]
} |
in the monkey with bilateral lesions of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathways the aims could be divided into type 1 dyskinesia ( behavioral ) , type 2 dyskinesia ( oral and psychomotor ) , and chorea . | NA | {
"id": "C0013384",
"name": "dyskinesia",
"pos": [
114,
124
]
} | {
"id": "C0008489",
"name": "chorea",
"pos": [
191,
197
]
} |
in the monkey , the type 1 dyskinesia following l-dopa and piribedil were also relatively resistant to progabide administration , whereas the type 2 dyskinesia and chorea were abolished by progabide . | NA | {
"id": "C0013384",
"name": "dyskinesia",
"pos": [
27,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0008489",
"name": "chorea",
"pos": [
164,
170
]
} |
in the present paper the particular pharmacological profile of presynaptic dopamine receptor ( autoreceptor ) agonists is described , and underlying mechanisms are discussed . | NA | {
"id": "C0206129",
"name": "presynaptic",
"pos": [
63,
74
]
} | {
"id": "C0206128",
"name": "autoreceptor",
"pos": [
95,
107
]
} |
tardive dyskinesia is not a unique movement disorder , but rather spans several clinical and epidemiological phenomena which must be considered in a balanced evaluation of how much of the permanent dyskinesias should be attributed to neuroleptic drugs . | NA | {
"id": "C0026650",
"name": "movement disorder",
"pos": [
35,
52
]
} | {
"id": "C0013384",
"name": "dyskinesias",
"pos": [
198,
209
]
} |
subcellular fractions were isolated , the proteins were separated using sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( nadodso4/page ) , and the phosphoproteins were detected by autoradiography . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
42,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C0031689",
"name": "phosphoproteins",
"pos": [
157,
172
]
} |
the rate of phosphate turnover for the analogous 26-kda phosphoproteins is compatible with a regulatory role in exocytosis , whereas the slower phosphate turnover rate for the analogous 21-kda phosphoproteins suggests that these proteins may play a more subordinate role in secretion or they may coordinate secretion with other cellular metabolic events . | NA | {
"id": "C0031689",
"name": "phosphoproteins",
"pos": [
56,
71
]
} | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
229,
237
]
} |
a probe from the cytox i region of the 16-kbp dna hybridizes only with this 16-kbp dna in southern blots of total cellular dna from c. reinhardtii but with a larger dna species in the total cellular dna of c. moewusii and c. eugametos -- two species that lack a 16-kbp dna . | NA | {
"id": "C0000702",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
0,
1
]
} | {
"id": "C0012854",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
269,
272
]
} |
sera from 65 patients with spongiform virus encephalopathies ( 29 with kuru , 36 with creutzfeldt-jakob disease ) , 79 with other neurologic diseases , and 65 control subjects were examined for reactivity in immunoblots of preparations of myelinated axons and neurofilaments from mouse brain . | NA | {
"id": "C0162534",
"name": "spongiform",
"pos": [
27,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0022802",
"name": "kuru",
"pos": [
71,
75
]
} |
replication of plasmids that depend on the 245-base-pair origin of the escherichia coli chromosome ( oric ) requires many purified proteins that ( i ) direct initiation to oric ( e.g. , dnaa protein ) , ( ii ) influence initiations elsewhere ( e.g. , auxiliary proteins ) , and ( iii ) prime and extend dna chains ( e.g. , priming and synthesis proteins ) . | NA | {
"id": "C0033684",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
131,
139
]
} | {
"id": "C0034861",
"name": "synthesis proteins",
"pos": [
335,
353
]
} |
partial cdna clones encoding human cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase ( aldh1 ) and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase ( aldh2 ) were isolated from a human liver cdna library constructed in phage lambda gt11 . | NA | {
"id": "C0001985",
"name": "aldehyde dehydrogenase",
"pos": [
45,
67
]
} | {
"id": "C2827577",
"name": "mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase",
"pos": [
82,
118
]
} |
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